Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flour mills'

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 132 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-127).

Flour mills require a significant capital investment and operate at low returns, with wheat representing the highest operating cost. This thesis explores opportunities to improve milling plant and raw material use, increasing the rate of return of a milling operation. Options considered included optimising flour mill performance using experimental process optimisation techniques, mathematical computer modelling for flour stream blending, and low-cost inline near-infrared sensors to achieve continuous real-time measurement of end-product and intermediary flour streams. This thesis aims to demonstrate how these approaches, on their own or in combination, improve flour mill utilisation, efficiency and profitability. Improvements in mill efficiency were achieved by improving flour yield and blending flour streams to hit target flour type quantities and specifications. The improvements were achieved by better understanding the flour milling process by developing models using response surface methodology and mathematical optimisation techniques, such as linear programming and generalised reduced gradient, to improve the economics of flour stream blending. These benefits were enhanced by installing inline low-cost and accurate near-infrared spectrometers that provide a reliable and accurate prediction of flour constituents. There are opportunities to improve the optimisation and flour blending models through machine learning to incorporate a more significant number of mill processing variables and a more comprehensive range of wheat grists. In addition, alternative calibration techniques for the NIRS sensors may deliver improved accuracy and robustness, improving this technology's benefits to the milling industry. This research identified these opportunities and is the scope for potential future work.

In South Africa there is a need within the milling industry for controlling food safety especially due to customer's demands and government's regulations. The best way to ensure food safety is with the implementation of a HACCP based food safety system. Therefore, the principal aim of this study was to develop a generic HACCP model for the flour milling industry. Afterwards this generic model can then be adapted for each specific mill and its needs.

The Grain Silos and Flour Mills Organisation (GSFMO) is the responsible authority monopolising the Kingdom's milling industry. However, the organisation has recently been facing financial problems. The aim of this study is to estimate the technical, cost and allocative efficiency (TE, CE and AE) of the flour mills of the GSFMO (1988-2011), using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approaches. In addition, it seeks to explain variation in efficiency levels between the mills and conduct further analysis through the second stage regression to estimate the effect of managerial variables. Productivity growth over time was also estimated in this study using DEA (2008-2011) and SFA (1988-2011) approaches. Both primary data and secondary data (1988-2011) to cover the nine milling branches were utilised. Using DEA under constant return to scale (CRS), average TE ranged from 91.72% in Khamis branch to 97.63% in Almadinah. Average TE under input-orientated variable return to scale (VRS) was lower than TE estimated under output-orientated VRS. The older branches had the lowest TE compared to newer branches. Under VRS, TE was greater than TE for the same branches under CRS. TE results using SFA were quite analogous to the results using DEA. Regarding productivity growth, using DEA for the 2008-2011 data, no consistent patterns were found across the GSFMO branches in the mean total factor productivity growth (TFPG), technical change (TC), and efficiency change (EC). When using SFA to estimate productivity growth over the period 1988 to 2011, there was a decrease in productivity growth for most branches. With regards to the results of the second stage regression, branch managers’ age, local temperature and 'bad' infrastructure have a significant negative relationship with TE, while manager's experience did not seem to have any significant relationship with TE. However, new and mix machine conditions and number of mills in each branch have a significant positive relationship with TE. In terms of CE and AE using the DEA approach, the results show that major losses incurred by the organisation were partly due to the significant decrease in CE and AE and that there is a significant scope to reduce inputs costs in the production process.

Master of Science
Department of Entomology
Frank H. Arthur
Kun Yan Zhu
Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of direct and indirect exposure scenarios, different degrees of residual flour, open and obstructed positions, and seasonal temperature variations on the efficacy of synergized pyrethrin against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. To evaluate effects of direct and indirect exposures of T. castaneum and T. confusum eggs, larvae, pupae, or eggs to the insecticide aerosol within a flour mill, the following treatments were made to each life stage: insects treated with aerosol and transferred to treated or untreated flour, untreated insects transferred to treated flour, and insects and flour combined and treated together. Different degrees of harborage or sanitation levels were created by exposing T. confusum larvae, pupae, and adults to pyrethrin aerosol in Petri dishes containing 0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 g of wheat flour. Effects of pyrethrin dispersal in open and obstructed positions and seasonal temperature variations were assessed by exposing T. confusum pupae and adults in open positions and inside wooden boxes (1 m long, 20 cm wide, and 5, 10, or 20 cm high) inside experimental sheds maintained at target temperatures of 22, 27, and 32 °C. Results showed that when T. castaneum and T. confusum were directly exposed to aerosol without the flour source, or with a low amount of flour at open exposed areas, the aerosol provided good control against all life stages of T. castaneum and T. confusum. However, when insects were indirectly exposed (treated together with flour or untreated insects were transferred to treated flour), or treated together with deeper flour amounts, and exposed inside the boxes, the efficacy was greatly reduced. Eggs and pupae of both the species were more susceptible compared to larvae and adults. Additionally, the moribund adults initially observed in indirect exposure treatments, or at the deeper flour depth and exposure positions insides the boxes, were better able to recover. Generally, temperatures in the range of 22-32 °C had no significant effects on overall efficacy of pyrethrin aerosol.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994.
Vita. Abstract. One map in back pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75). Also available via the Internet.

Abstract Wood powders are used in numerous applications such as thermoplastics and filters, and a lot of research effort has been put into developing novel ways of utilising them. The mechanical processing of wood powders, especially at particle sizes below 100 µm, has been reported in several studies, but they lack information on the effect of fine grinding conditions on the particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity, both of which are important parameters in the further processing of wood powders and in their various applications. This makes it very difficult to design and optimise fine grinding processes with different applications in mind. The aim of this thesis was to study the dry fine grinding of wood in several impact-based fine grinding mills in order to find out their effect on the properties of the wood and to study the energy required for the mechanical processing of the resulting powders. The effect of the main operational parameters on the properties of dried Norway spruce wood and the energy consumption was studied using three impact-based fine grinding mills that were capable of pulverising the wood down to a median particle size of less than 25 µm. It was found that the impact events occurring in media mills can be used for the production of very fine wood powders with lower cellulose crystallinity and rounder shaped particles having more uniform shape distribution than powders pulverised to a similar size range by means of impact events in non-media mills. A practical estimate was obtained for the minimum specific energy consumption in fine grinding in mills involving grinding media that could be utilised as a target for optimisation. Impact-based media milling under cryogenic conditions can be used to obtain different Norway spruce wood powders from those produced under ambient grinding conditions, i.e. without the freezing effect of nitrogen liquid. The energy efficiency of fine grinding can be enhanced by choosing cryogenic rather than ambient conditions. The moisture content of the wood has greater influence on the size and shape of the particles when milling is accomplished under ambient conditions. Torrefaction can reduce the energy consumption in impact-based media mills for median particle sizes over 17.4 µm (± 0.2 µm), while the shape and cellulose crystallinity of the particles are not significantly affected by torrefaction pretreatment as a function of energy consumption
Tiivistelmä Puujauheita käytetään laajalti erilaisissa sovelluksissa, kuten esimerkiksi biokomposiiteissa ja suodattimissa. Tämän lisäksi on olemassa paljon tutkimustietoa siitä, kuinka puujauheita voitaisiin hyödyntää laajemminkin. Puu voidaan mekaanisesti prosessoida alle 100 µm:n kokoluokkaan, mutta yksityiskohtaista tietoa kuivahienojauhatuksen olosuhteiden vaikutuksesta jauheiden morfologiaan ja selluloosan kiteisyyteen ei ole saatavilla. Puujauheen morfologialla ja selluloosan kiteisyydellä on kuitenkin merkittävä vaikutus sovelluksia ja jatkojalostusta ajatellen. Puun kuivahienojauhatuksen tiedon puute hankaloittaa merkittävästi prosessin suunnittelua ja optimointia erilaisia sovelluksia varten. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on selvittää iskuihin perustuvien hienojauhimien vaikutukset puun ominaisuuksiin ja tutkia mekaanisen prosessoinnin energiatehokkuutta hienojauhatuksessa. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kolmen erilaisen iskuun perustuvan hienojauhatusmyllyn pääasiallisten operointiparametrien vaikutusta kuivatun metsäkuusen ominaisuuksiin ja energiankulutukseen. Jokaisella hienojauhimella onnistuttiin tuottamaan puujauhoja, joiden mediaanikoko oli alle 25 µm. Iskuihin perustuvalla jauhinkappalemyllyllä saatiin tuotettua puujauhoa, jonka selluloosan kiteisyys on alhaisempi ja partikkelimuodot pyöreämpiä verrattuna samankokoisiin puujauhoihin, jotka on tuotettu iskuihin perustuvilla jauhinkappaleettomilla hienojauhatusmyllyillä. Työssä saatiin käytännöllinen arvio kuivatun metsäkuusen hienojauhatuksen minimienergiankulutukselle iskuihin perustuville jauhinkappalemyllyille, mitä voidaan käyttää kyseisten myllytyyppien optimoinnin tavoitteena. Työssä havaittiin lisäksi, että kryogeenisiä jauhatusolosuhteita käyttämällä voidaan tuottaa erilaisia puujauhoja verrattuna puujauhoihin, jotka prosessoidaan ilman nestetyppijäädytystä, kun jauhatus suoritetaan iskuihin perustuvalla jauhinkappalemyllyllä. Ilman nestetyppijäädytystä puun kosteuspitoisuudella on merkittävämpi vaikutus puujauhojen ominaisuuksiin kuin kryogeenisissä olosuhteissa jauhetuilla. Kryogeenisillä jauhatusolosuhteilla voidaan parantaa myös jauhatuksen energiatehokkuutta. Torrefioinnilla voidaan vähentää hienojauhatuksen energiankulutusta iskuihin perustuvilla jauhinkappalemyllyillä, kun tavoitekoon mediaani on yli 17,4 µm (± 0,2 µm). Torrefioinnilla ei ole vaikutusta selluloosan kiteisyyteen tai partikkeleiden muotoon energiankulutuksen funktiona

O governo brasileiro adotou a fortificação de farinhas de trigo com ferro para auxiliar na redução da anemia no país. Esta intervenção não está administrada como um programa sanitário coordenado, com monitoramento de atividades e avaliação de impacto. Essas ações têm ocorrido na forma de pesquisa acadêmica dispersa no país, e têm focado na compreensão da estratégia pelos moinhos de trigo, no monitoramento da concentração de ferro nas farinhas do mercado, e na avaliação do impacto sobre a saúde de grupos vulneráveis à anemia. Os resultados dessas pesquisas levam a pensar num trabalho coordenado, com avaliações padronizadas sobre alvos adequados, e na necessidade de instrumentos específicos de monitoramento da fortificação para a indústria e para a fiscalização sanitária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um roteiro de verificação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação de farinhas enriquecidas com ferro em moinhos de trigo, que incluísse diretrizes para procedimentos operacionais padronizados de fortificação, nas hipóteses da existência de grande diversidade tecnológica de fortificação nos moinhos, e na necessidade deste checklist pela fiscalização para auditar esse processo. A padronização desses procedimentos é imprescindível para a efetividade do combate a anemia, porque normaliza a qualidade dos produtos fortificados, tornando-os mais homogêneos. Para elaborar o roteiro de verificação foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica científica e de regulação, sobre Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Um roteiro inicial, para uma pesquisa de observação da indústria do trigo, foi extraído das legislações da vigilância sanitária, inclusive do programa nacional de fortificação do sal com iodo. A partir desse roteiro, entre 2007 e 2008, o pesquisador realizou uma pesquisa etnográfica em 11 moinhos de trigo no estado de São Paulo e elaborou uma lista de verificação de procedimentos operacionais de fortificação, contando com a colaboração de 20 profissionais de vigilância sanitária, convidados para aplicar o roteiro de BPF e apresentar parecer sobre o instrumento elaborado. Eles receberam do pesquisador uma capacitação em tecnologia de produção de farinhas em moinhos de trigo e posteriormente, colaboraram na elaboração e avaliação da efetividade do instrumento, acompanhando o pesquisador nas observações dos moinhos. O resultado é uma extensa lista de verificação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação em moinhos de trigo, com atenção às operações de fortificação das farinhas, que incluem procedimentos de dosagem e homogeneização de micronutrientes altamente diluídos na farinha, e de controles de qualidade de formulações de fortificantes e produtos finais, inclusive o registro de todas as informações. No checklist são indicados procedimentos operacionais padronizados de fortificação de farinhas e também, a amostragem para análise laboratorial da concentração de ferro e ácido fólico baseado no volume de moagem de trigo diário do moinho. A lista de verificação incluiu observações de moinhos de grande porte, que utilizavam diferentes sistemas de dosagem (volumétricos e gravimétricos) dos compostos de micronutrientes, controlados por procedimentos desde mecânicos até eletrônicos. Observações de laudos analíticos de farinhas levaram a concluir que existe ampla faixa de variação na concentração de micronutrientes entre as amostras analisadas. A qualidade dos resultados pode ser atribuída à baixa freqüência de controle dos sistemas de dosagem de menor automação, ao ponto de dosagem dos fortificantes que provoca pouca homogeneização da farinha fortificada, e à qualidade do composto de micronutrientes. Para melhorar a confiabilidade dos resultados de análise de ferro e ácido fólico são indicados procedimentos padronizados para análises laboratoriais com métodos analíticos validados. Concluiu-se que o método de observação participativa dos moinhos catalisou o conhecimento do pesquisador sobre a cultura do setor moageiro do trigo, fornecendo uma coleção significativa de itens de observação, que influenciam a qualidade dos procedimentos de fortificação. O checklist resultante de Boas Práticas de Fabricação enfocado na fortificação de farinhas contempla a variedade de situações tecnológicas observadas no mercado do estado de São Paulo e sugere-se sua utilização pelos moinhos de trigo para monitorar a produção de farinhas fortificadas e pela vigilância sanitária para auditorias e inspeções dos procedimentos industriais de fortificação.
The Brazilian government adopted the compulsory fortification of wheat flour with iron and folic acid to help reduce the iron deficiency anemia in the country. This intervention is not managed as a centralized sanitary program, with specific activities to monitor and to evaluate the impact on the health of a target population. These actions are being performed as a country spread academic research, on: the understanding of the intervention by wheat mills managers; the monitoring of the iron and folic acid concentration on samples of wheat flour for bakery and domestic use; and the evaluation of the intervention impact on the health of anemia vulnerable groups. The results of these researches make us think about a coordinated work, with standardized evaluations on adjusted targets, and specific instruments for monitoring the fortification process in the mills, and to be adopted by the sanitary inspection. The objective of this dissertation is to draw up a checklist for the inspection of the Good Manufacturing Practices of wheat mills focused in the production of iron fortified flour, including directions for the standardization of the fortification processes, in case there is great technological diversity in the mills in the country. In addition, it is useful to provide public health agents with a checklist for sanitary inspection. The standardization of the fortification processes is essential for the effectiveness of the fight against anemia, because it brings the quality of the fortified products into line, thus making them more homogeneous. To draw up the checklist, a scientific and regulatory bibliographical research was conducted on Good Manufacturing Practices. An initial checklist to make the first observation of the wheat mills was obtained from the Sanitary Surveillance Agency legislation, including the national program for fortifying salt with iodine. Between 2007 and 2008, the researcher conducted an ethnographic research in 11 wheat mills in the state of São Paulo, using the initial guideline, and elaborated the checklist for the inspection of the flour fortification operational procedures, counting on the contribution of 20 professionals of the Sanitary Surveillance system, who were invited both to use the checklist and to give their expert remarks. The researcher shared his knowledge and trained these professionals on wheat flour technology, and after that they could better collaborate to test the effectiveness of the checklist, accompanying the researcher during the wheat mills observation trip. The result is a comprehensive checklist for Good Manufacturing Practices in wheat mills, with special focus on the operations to fortify flour, including dosage and dilution of micronutrients, and quality control of micronutrients and fortified flours, including the registration of all information. The checklist highlights the standardized operational procedures for flour fortification and the sampling for laboratory analysis of iron and folic acid contents, based on the daily grinding volume of wheat in the mill. The checklist includes observation of big mills that used different systems for dosaging micronutrients (volumetric and gravimetrical), controlled by mechanic and electronic procedures. The analysis of some analytical reports on flours showed a considerable variation in the concentration of micronutrients of the samples. These results can be attributed to the infrequent control of the dosage systems of micronutrients; the point of dosage of fortifiers in the production line, thus impairing homogenization of the flour; and to the quality of the micronutrient compounds. To improve the reliability of lab results for iron and folic acid, some standardized procedures with validated analytical methods are recommended. As a conclusion, the ethnographic research method of participant observation of wheat mills has accelerated the researcher´s knowledge of the culture of the wheat milling sector. This approach brought significant information on items to be observed that influence the quality of the fortification process. The Good Manufacturing Practices checklist focused on the fortification of flour included a variety of technological situations observed in the state of São Paulo. We suggest its use for monitoring the production of fortified flours by the mills, and for inspections of the fortification procedures by the Sanitary Surveillance system.

Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Arlo Biere
The purpose of the research reported in the thesis, here, is to quantify new value added possible in flour milling with the use of the SDmatic monitor, produced and sold by Chopin Technologies SAS. As an employee of Chopin, part of my responsibility is to market the SDmatic. The SDmatic was designed and is marketed to improve flour quality by providing automatic monitoring of starch damage in flour—damaged starch affects dough characteristics, which affects baking quality and the ideal damaged starch differs by type of bakery product. While the SDmatic is so marketed, Chopin, now, realizes that SDmatic might also benefit a flour miller by increasing operational efficiency of the mill, specifically by reducing the electrical energy used in milling. If that can be done, it would improve mill profitability, reduce energy demand and, thus, reduce the pressure on the climate and environment from energy production. To address that possibility, the thesis research studied the relationship between energy usage and damaged starch in the flour and, then, estimated the cost savings possible by using the SDmatic to mill flour to specifications most efficiently. Finally, those results were used to estimate the return on investment in the SDmatic from improved mill efficiency, alone. The research shows improvement in energy efficiency is definitely possible with better management and targeting of the level of starch damage in flour production. Such improved management is possible, today, because SDmatic dramatically reduces the difficulty and time required to measure damaged starch. Such monitoring has not been done in the past because of the cost and time involved with prior methods. SDmatic makes that possible and cost effective, now.

The most obvious phenomenon at SIGEP 2018 was that of flours. In a sector characterized by an excess of supply, innovation that focuses on quality was certainly the winning weapon. Today, from generic flour to branded flour, the mill has been transformed into a company with its own identity and marketing and sales strategy. We are faced with a transformation of a commodity into a product born from a company and an idea for the market that presents itself in a new way using star-chef-pastry chefs and pizza makers, whose communication aims to create food experiences using show cooking and attractive products and social media are one of the most used for the dissemination of these contents. The product that is on the market today is obviously of superior quality and consequently has higher profit margins also because the consumer perceives this difference and is willing to pay a higher price. Recent studies show that 60% of consumers see their peers as a credible source of information for products and services and 82% of consumers are very keen to follow recommendations made by influencers. The focus is therefore to investigate the role of influencers in marketing, to understand where their actions have the greatest effect by measuring ongoing activities, measuring their workflow and effectiveness. The analysis also wants to be quantitative and extends with the help of the georeferencing software QGis.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In order to eliminate the problems related to deficient intake of vitamins folate class, many food products are being subjected to the enrichment process. Among them, all types of wheat flour must be enriched with folic acid. Therefore, it is evident the need of analytical methods for routine able to effectively determine the levels of folic acid in enriched matrix. The objective of this work was the development and validation of a rapid method for determination of folic acid added to wheat flour, using the technique of high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Folic acid was separated using a C8 column. Was used for elution gradient mobile phase with water acidified with glacial acetic acid (pH 2.8) and acetonitrile. Detection was performed with a diode array detector employing a wavelength of 290 nm. External standard was used for quantification. Vitamin matrix was extracted with aqueous potassium hydroxide, 0.1 mol L-1 and aqueous sodium tetraborate 0.04 mol L-1 pH 8.5, followed by cleaning step of the extract of the sample through SPE using SAX cartridges. The method was efficient, with recovery values between 96 and 99%, RSD from 1.3 to 3.8% and LOD and LOQ of 0.28 and 0.937 mg kg-1, respectively. In the analysis of real samples of five brands tested, only one brand presented concentration of folic acid above the minimum required by law.
Com o objetivo de suprimir os problemas relacionados à deficiência de ingesta de vitaminas da classe dos folatos, muitos produtos alimentícios estão sendo submetidos ao processo de enriquecimento. Entre eles, todos tipos de farinha de trigo devem ser enriquecidos com ácido fólico. Portanto, fica evidenciada a necessidade de métodos analíticos para a rotina capazes de determinar com eficácia os níveis de ácido fólico na matriz enriquecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e validação de um método rápido para determinação de ácido fólico adicionado a farinha de trigo, através da técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector espectrofotométrico. O ácido fólico foi separado utilizando-se coluna de C8. Utilizou-se eluição por gradiente na fase móvel, com água acidificada com ácido acético glacial (pH 2,8) e acetonitrila. A detecção foi efetuada com detector por arranjo de diodos empregando o comprimento de onda de 290 nm. Foi utilizada padronização externa para quantificação. A vitamina foi extraída da matriz com solução aquosa de hidróxido de potássio 0,1 mol L-1 e solução aquosa de tetraborato de sódio 0,04 mol L-1 de pH 8,5; seguida por etapa de limpeza do extrato da amostra através de SPE, utilizando cartuchos de SAX. O método mostrou-se eficiente, com valores de recuperação entre 96 e 99%, RSD de 1,3 a 3,8% e LOD e LOQ de 0,28 e 0,937 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Nas análises das amostras reais, das cinco marcas analisadas, somente uma marca apresentou concentração de ácido fólico acima do mínimo exigido pela legislação.

Захист відбувся 23 грудня 2020р. о 09.00 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №18
В кваліфікаційній роботі досліджено вплив конструкції БВВ агрегатного вальцевого млина на процес подрібнення борошна, розроблено заходи з його модернізації
Вступ. 1. Сучасний технічний Технічний стан виробництва борошна, вибір і обґрунтування основних напрямків роботи методи та методика досліджень. Технологічні та технічні рішення з модернізації авм-15 теоретичне дослідження впливу конструктивних параметрів бвв на помел борошна охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях. Загальні висновки

U radu je proučavana mogućnost racionalizacije tehnološkog postupkamlevenja pšenice primenom osmovaljne stolice u fazi mlevenja griza iosevaka. Na svim ispitivanim prolazištima mlevenja griza i osevaka, pri istomrazmaku između valjaka i istoj veličini otvora sejnog tkiva za odsejavanjebrašna, ukupan prinos brašna u postupku sa osmovaljnom stolicom manji jenego u klasičnom postupku. Pomenuta razlika varira u zavisnosti od uzorka iprolazišta mlevenja, ali je uvek statistički značajna. Nižim vođenjem valjaka upostupku sa osmovaljnom stolicom, u poređenju sa razmacima između valjakau klasičnom postupku, u zavisnosti od uzorka i prolazišta mlevenja sesmanjuje razlika, dostiže ili prevazilazi prinos brašna u odnosu na klasičnipostupak. Povećanjem veličine otvora sejnog tkiva za odsejavanje brašnaznačajno se povećava prinos brašna u postupku sa osmovaljnom stolicom, pričemu se pri odabiru sejnog tkiva u obzir mora uzeti i veličina svetlog otvora.Odabirom odgovarajuće veličine otvora sejnog tkiva može se i prevazićiprinos brašna u klasičnom postupku. Niže vođenje valjaka i/ili povećanjeveličine otvora sejnog tkiva za odsejavanje brašna, pri primeni osmovaljnestolice, nema za posledicu pogoršanje kvaliteta brašna (po pitanju sadržajapepela) u odnosu na klasični postupak. Specifični utrošak energije zausitnjavanje po jedinici mase brašna, pri istom vođenju valjaka i istoj veličiniotvora sejnog tkiva za odsejavanje brašna, veći je u postupku sa osmovaljnomstolicom nego u klasičnom postupku. Povećanjem izvoda brašna u postupku saosmovaljnom stolicom, značajno se smanjuje specifični utrošak energije zausitnjavanje. Mogućnost ostvarenja bliskih efekata usitnjavanja u fazimlevenja griza i osevaka, u klasičnom i postupku sa osmovaljnom stolicom,ukazuje da je za dalju racionalizaciju savremenog tehnološkog postupkamlevenja pšenice neophodno uključivanje osmovaljne stolice.
Rationalization of the wheat flour milling process using the eight-roller mill inthe reduction system has been investigated. At the same roll gaps and samesieving conditions, a lower flour yield has been obtained using an eight-rollermill compared to a conventional one. The difference is statistically significantregardless the passage. By decreasing the roll gap in the process with theeight-roller mill, compared to the roll gap in the conventional process, it ispossible to decrease the difference, obtain a similar or even exceed the flourrelease in the conventional system. Increasing the size of the screen aperturefor sifting flour, while percent open area of the screen also needs to beobserved, results in significant increase of flour yield (in some casesexceeding the flour yield in the conventional system). Adjustments of the rollgap and sieving conditions in the process with the eight-roller mill are notfollowed by deterioration of flour quality. At the same roll gaps and samesieving conditions, energy requirements for grinding are higher in the processwith the eight-roller mill compared to a conventional system. With theincrease of the flour release in process using the eight-roller mill, these energyrequirements can be significantly reduced. The possibility of achieving similarmilling results to those obtained in the conventional system, while theinvestment costs and overall energy requirements are significantly lower,justifies the use of the eight-roller mill in the reduction system of the wheatflour milling process.

This thesis reports the effects of disturbance and harbourage on the fitness of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum, as well as the the efficacy of pheromone monitoring traps for monitoring for populations of Tribolium in laboratory and mill settings. Behavioural studies were also carried out on mill and laboratory-reared beetles and the distributions of both species in a mill were examined. Twenty-four hour sieving disturbance decreased the rates of dispersal for both species, and decreased T. castaneum fecundity. Rolling disturbance decreased T. confusum dispersal rate while shaking disturbance decreased T. castaneum dispersal rate. When undisturbed beetles were given differing amounts of flour in the presence or absence of harbourage, beetles laid more eggs in larger amounts of flour, but harbourage only affected T. castaneum at one level of flour (2 g). Throughout disturbance and harbourage experiments, T. castaneum laid more eggs than T. confusum. Pheromone monitoring traps placed in three Canadian flour mills were not useful in predicting the degree of infestation inside Simons rollstands. Pheromone monitoring traps also showed low efficacy (i.e. caught few beetles) in both mill and laboratory settings, and T. confusum was caught less often than T. castaneum in both mills and in a warehouse. Mill-strain beetles of both species were caught less often than laboratory-strain beetles in a warehouse. In one Canadian flour mill, both T. castaneum and T. confusum were found inside rollstands but the two species were spatially segregated from one another, rarely being found together in the same rollstand. In contrast to this, both species were consistently found together in samples taken from the same mill less than a year beforehand. In behavioural laboratory studies, beetles collected directly from a mill moved slower than beetles collected from a laboratory culture and this response was shown to be phenotypic. Mill-strain and laboratory-strain beetles also differed in burrowing tendencies, with T. confusum from the laboratory strain burrowing less than T. confusum from a mill and T. castaneum from different mills sometimes burrowing more and sometimes less than T. castaneum from the laboratory strain.
October 2008

Подано результати вивчення мікофлори порядку Erysiphales на території Краснопільсько-Тростянецького геоботанічного району. Виявлено 45 видів з 9 родів, поширених у різних рослинних угрупованнях. Відмічені найпоширеніші та найрідкісніші представники.
The results of the study of the microflora of the Erysiphales order in the territory of the Krasnopil-Trostyanets geobotanical area are presented. Found 45 species from 9 genera, distributed in different plant groups. The most common and rare representatives are noted.

У дисертації розроблено науково-методичний підхід щодо процесу управління стратегічними ризиками, який ураховує їх специфіку та сприяє можливості сконцентрувати увагу на головних погрозах для підприємства й обрати найбільш прийнятний сценарій його розвитку. Досліджено сучасний стан та тенденції розвитку ринку борошномельної продукції. Проаналізовано стан управління стратегічними ризиками на підприємствах галузі. Досліджено методи оцінювання ризик-факторів та обґрунтовано методичний підхід використання експертних методів у процесі управління стратегічними ризиками. Удосконалено наукові підходи оцінювання ризику недосягнення цілей. Розроблено методичні підходи до визначення напрямків розвитку борошномельного підприємства з урахуванням стратегічних ризиків. Формалізовано вибір пріоритетного сценарію розвитку підприємства. Рекомендований автором апарат визначення, оцінювання, ранжування стратегічних ризик-факторів та обрання сценаріїв розвитку підприємства з урахуванням рангів ризиків дозволяє сконцентрувати увагу на головних погрозах для підприємства при виконанні стратегічних цілей та обрати найбільш прийнятний напрям розвитку.
В диссертации исследуется процесс управления стратегическими рисками. Обобщены научные точки зрения относительно сущности понятия «риск». Систематизированы основные признаки классификации риска и обосновано выделение признака по циклам управления, в которых принимаются решения. По этому признаку выделены стратегические и текущие риски. Усовершенствован понятийно-категориальный аппарат теории риска путем конкретизации понятий «стратегический риск» и «управление стратегическим риском». Под управлением стратегическим риском следует понимать процесс управленческих действий, направленных на прогнозирование рисковых ситуаций при решении неструктурированных проблем в цикле стратегического управления и принятие мер по исключению или снижению отрицательных последствий таких событий. Разработан научно-методический подход к процессу управления стратегическими рисками, учитывающий их специфику и включающий два блока оценки: риска невыполнения целей, рисков угроз и потерь от неиспользованных возможностей. Подход способствует концентрации внимания на главных угрозах для предприятия при выполнении стратегических целей и выбора наиболее приемлемого сценария его развития. Исследовано современное состояние рынка мукомольной продукции. По результатам анализа общей ситуации в мукомольной отрасли по направлениям: размер рынка и темпы его роста, численность компаний в отрасли, характеристика продукции, загруженность мощностей, уровень интенсивности конкуренции, перспективы отрасли и ее привлекательность, – установлены специфические тенденции развития этой отрасли и факторы риска. Среди последних наиболее влиятельной является тенденция сокращения потребления муки и, как следствие, сокращение ее производства и избыток мощностей в отрасли. Доказана высокая зависимость производителей мукомольной продукции от коньюнктуры рынка зерна. Указанные выводы, перечень сегментов внешней среды на уровне задачи, а также учет специфики мукомольной отрасли по разделению потребителей на два сегмента − конечные и промышленные, позволили обосновать состав факторов внешней среды, по которым необходимо осуществлять мониторинг в процессе управления стратегическими рисками, а именно: конкуренты, конечные и промышленные потребители, поставщики и отраслевые факторы. Исследованы методы оценки риск-факторов. Обосновано предпочтение использования экспертных методов. Усовершенствован методический подход к использованию экспертных методов, который определяет способы: установления количества экспертов; выбора метода отбора экспертов с использованием коэффициента их компетентности; формализации экспертных оценок и их согласования. На основании трансформированной матрицы сопротивления изменениям и разработанной шкалы оценки отношения сотрудников к целям организации предложен способ ранжирования факторов риска невыполнения целей с использованием коэффициентов сопротивления, лояльности и информированности. На этой основе конкретизирован блок оценки риска невыполнения целей, отраженный через ряд логических процедур. Проанализировано состояние управления стратегическими рисками на предприятиях отрасли. С использованием метода ранговой корреляции установлена взаимосвязь между использованием технологии управления стратегическими рисками и результатами деятельности мукомольных предприятий. Предложен методический подход к определению наиболее приемлемого сценария развития предприятия с учетом стратегического риска, который отличает использование комбинации методов анализа иерархий и нечеткой логики, позволяющий в полной мере выявить наиболее приемлемое решение с учетом перекрестного влияния исходных сценариев развития, количественно измерить качественную информацию и достичь согласия между экспертами. Формализован выбор приоритетного сценария развития предприятия. Рекомендованный автором аппарат определения, оценки, ранжирования стратегических факторов риска и избрание сценариев развития предприятия с учетом рангов рисков позволяет сконцентрировать внимание на главных угрозах для предприятия при выполнении стратегических целей и выбрать наиболее приемлемое направление развития.
A scientific and methodological approach to the strategic risk management process was developed; this approach takes into account their specifics and includes two assessment blocks: the risk of unattained goals and the risks of threats and losses from unused opportunities. The approach helps concentrate attention on the main threats to which a company is exposed when attaining strategic goals and select the most acceptable development scenario. The present state of and development trends on the flour market were studied. Various risk factor assessment methods were studied. The preference in the use of expert methods was substantiated. Methodological approach to the application of expert methods was improved; this approach devises the methods of: determining the number of experts; choosing an expert selection method on the basis of their competence degree; formalizing expert assessments and bringing them into conformance with each other. The risk of unattained goals assessment block reflected via a number of logical procedures was concretized on this basis. A methodological approach to determination of the most acceptable company development scenario taking into account strategic risks. The choice of a priority scenario of company development was formalized. Recommended author apparatus for identifying, assessing, ranking strategic risk factors and election scenarios of the company with the rank risks allows focusing on the major threats to the company in the performance of strategic goals and choosing the most appropriate direction of development.

碩士
元智大學
管理研究所
98
In Taiwan, the total production capacity of the domestic flour factories has achieved 2.5 million tons, while the domestic flour need is only about 1 million tons, which makes the market disequilibrium of the flour supply in excess of the demand. Situated in such a fierce competition environment, every flour proprietor enhances the fundamental strategies of “cost management” and effective “cost reduction” to respond to the dangerous competition and solidify the entrepreneurial competitiveness. Therefore, how to allot the joint cost reasonably with a fair principle currently becomes one of the important subjects in cost accounting. In view of this, the article takes “one of flour factory” as s case study, analyzes the allotment foundation of the joint cost, and presents the cost allotment method. The researcher makes a trial calculation in the article, compares the difference between “the cost allotment method of the wheat materials” used by the case study and “the joint cost allotment method of the physical measuring method – weight foundation” used more commonly by the industry, and aims at the suggestion in practice presented in the cost allotment model of the wheat materials by the flour industry and case study. Finally, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods based on “calculating simplicity”, “data accessibility”, “market value reactivity”, and “cost consistency”. It is found that the method used by the case study covers the principle of “the sales value method of the separation point” and “the physical weight fundamental method” and can give consideration to the two foundations of “market measurement” and “physical measurement”, thereby reflecting more of the real cost and market value.

The aim of the doctoral thesis is to describe the development trends of the transformation of miller's trade into modern miller's industry on the example of the judicial district Sedlčany in years 1848-1938. Miller's trade has been influenced by many technological changes, which were already described in the past. The legislative changes based on the economic and political climate, which have yet been ignored, are also essential. These changes had a crucial influence not only on the status of mills, but also on the status of millers. The thesis is divided in three time periods, in which the frame of the state formation and also the Sedlčany district itself were taken into account.

La Realtà Aumentata (AR) promette di creare collegamenti diretti, automatici e azionabili tra il mondo fisico e le informazioni elettroniche. Fornisce un'interfaccia utente immediata e diretta ad un mondo fisico potenziato elettronicamente. In particolare, la AR industriale permette l'integrazione tra le informazioni basate sulla conoscenza, tradizionalmente utilizzate dagli operatori e fornite principalmente sotto forma di documentazione cartacea e di dati disponibili dai sensori sulle attrezzature. Questo approccio è suggerito dalle aziende, soprattutto dalle piccole e medie imprese, che desiderano un'introduzione graduale delle tecnologie di Industria 4.0 all'interno delle loro pratiche consolidate. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di sviluppare un sistema avanzato di documentazione tecnica in AR per un impianto di macinazione di farina. Il lavoro discusso in questa tesi mira a portare un valore aggiunto alla letteratura esistente nel campo dell'AR industriale e della documentazione tecnica avanzata. Inoltre, si cercherà di far luce sul ruolo dell'AR come tecnologia abilitante per l'industria del futuro. In primo luogo, ci siamo concentrati su diverse interfacce AR industriali al fine di comprendere le pratiche consolidate per guidare la progettazione dell'interfaccia IAR. Poi, indaghiamo la tecnologia chiave AR con un nuovo approccio basato sulla ricerca sui brevetti. Infine, il risultato principale di questo lavoro è la progettazione e lo sviluppo di due sistemi AR per un impianto di macinazione della farina che seguono due diversi approcci di progettazione.
Augmented Reality (AR) promises to create direct, automatic, and actionable links between the physical world and electronic information. It provides an immediate and straightforward user interface to an electronically enhanced physical world. In particular, Industrial AR allows the integration between knowledge-based information, traditionally used by operators and provided mainly in paper documentation and data available from sensors on equipment. This approach is suggested by companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, who want a gradual introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies within their established practices. The scope of this work is to develop an advanced technical documentation system in AR for a flour milling plant. The work discussed in this dissertation aims to bring added value to the existing literature in the field of industrial AR and advanced technical documentation. Besides, an attempt will be made to shed light on the role of AR as an enabling technology for the industry of the future. First, we focused on different industrial AR interfaces in order to understand established practices to guide IAR interface design. Then, we investigate the AR key technology with a novel approach based on patent research. Finally, the main result of this work is the design and development of two AR systems for a flour milling plant that following two different design approaches.