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Journal articles on the topic 'Flow around circular cylinder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Takayama, Shinichi, and Katsumi Aoki. "Flow Characteristics around Rotating Circular Cylinder with Grooves(Flow around Cylinder 2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.533.

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2

Ferreira, R. L., and E. D. R. Vieira. "FLOW AROUND MODIFIED CIRCULAR CILYNDERS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2004): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v3i1.3482.

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The flow around a circular cylinder has awaken the attention of different researchers since the historic Strouhal's work of 1878. Ever since, many experimental and numeric works have been carried out in order to determine the relationship between the vortex shedding frequency and the flow regime. Recently, a number of studies have been developed using several small modifications in circular cylinder. In this work a circular cylinder modified with a longitudinal concave notch, has been tested in order to determine the relationship between the non-dimensional vortex shedding frequency (Strouhal number) and the Reynolds number has been determined to Reynolds up to 600. Additionally a modified circular cylinder with a longitudinal slit also has been tested in order to determine the Strouhal-Reynolds relationship in several attack angle configurations. The experiments have been carried out in a vertical low turbulence hydrodynamic tunnel with 146x146x500 mm of test section operating in continuous mode. Flow visualization by direct liquid dye injection has been utilized in order to produce vortex images. These images have been captured in still chemical photography for different Reynolds numbers. A hot-film probe has been adequately positioned in the vortex wake to determine the vortex shedding frequency and consequently the Strouhal number.

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3

Shirani, Ebrahim. "Compressible Flow Around a Circular Cylinder." Journal of Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (September 15, 2001): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2001.472.476.

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4

YAGITA, Miki, Yuzo KOHNO, and Tetsuya OHTANI. "Flow around a stepped circular cylinder." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 55, no. 518 (1989): 3044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.55.3044.

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5

Chiaki, Kino. "1183 3D-FLOW STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING IB-METHOD." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1183–1_—_1183–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1183-1_.

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6

Chiew, Yee‐Meng. "Flow Around Horizontal Circular Cylinder in Shallow Flows." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 117, no. 2 (March 1991): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1991)117:2(120).

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7

Yokoi, Yoshifumi, and Rut Vitkovičová. "The Investigation of Mutual Interference Vortex Flow around Two Circular Cylinders by Flow Visualization and Pressure Measurement." MATEC Web of Conferences 291 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929102001.

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In order to understand the aspect of the mutual interference flow from two circular cylinders, the visual observation experiment and the pressure measurement experiment were performed by use a water flow apparatus. Two circular cylinders with a diameter of D=10mm were used, and they have been arranged at staggered or tandem. The flow velocity was U=0.25m/s (Re=UD/í, í is kinematic viscosity of fluid). The dye oozing streak method was used in the visualization experiment. In the pressure measurement experiment, the pressure on the surface of a circular cylinder was detected by the single tube manometer, and measurement was performed by image processing using a computer. As a result, distribution of the circular cylinder surface pressure coefficient CP corresponding to the flow pattern and it in each circular cylinder arrangement was obtained. The drag coefficient CD was calculated from the pressure coefficient CP, and change of the resistance in each arrangement was found.

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8

MABUCHI, Ikuo, Masaya KUMADA, Kenyuu OYAKAWA, and Munehiko HIWADA. "Fluid flow behavior around a circular cylinder perpendicular arrangement of circular cylinders." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 56, no. 526 (1990): 1588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.56.1588.

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9

Shigematsu, Takaaki, and Hiroshi Matsumoto. "TURBULENT FLOW INDUCED BY OSCILLATING CIRCULAR CYLINDER ARRAYS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.48.

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Vegetation association plays important role in the shallower coastal zone for sediment control and the nutrient and carbon absorption. It is necessary to understand the fluid motion including turbulence in the vegetation so that we may evaluate precisely shallow water region including vegetation and wet land. As the first step of research on fluid motion in the vegetation, circular cylinders are sometimes used. Many researches on the fluid force acting on the circular cylinder and fluid motion around the cylinder have been achieved so far. However, the properties of turbulent flow induced around circular cylinders in a wave, especially turbulence transition mechanism and spatial-temporal distribution of turbulence, are not almost investigated. The purpose of this study is to understand the fluid flow including turbulent induced by wave transmitting vegetation association. In this study fluid motion was measured by oscillating circular cylinder arrays in a tank by using the PTV technique.

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10

Wailanduw, A. Grummy, Triyogi Yuwono, and Wawan Aries Widodo. "Flow Characteristics around Four Circular Cylinders in Equispaced Arrangement near a Plane Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.245.

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The flow characteristics around four circular cylinders in equispaced arrangement located near a plane wall were investigated experimentally. The pressure distributions on the each cylinder surface and on the plane wall were measured for a spacing ratio L/D= 1.5 (L, center to center spacing between cylinders; D, diameter) and G/D= 0.2 (G, gap spacing between cylinder surface and the plane wall) in a uniform flow at a Reynolds Number of 5.3 x 104. The 2D U-RANS numerical simulation with k-ω SST as viscous model was used to visualize the flow phenomena occured around the cylinders. The results showed that the flow tend to be biased on the upper side of cylinders configuration. It causes the stagnation at the upstream cylinders occured at lower side of cylinders and results a formation of a narrower wake behind the third cylinder and a wider wake behind the fourth cylinder.Keywords: equispaced arrangement, circular cylinders, plane wall

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11

ITO, Takeshi, Katsumi AOKI, and Hiroo OKANAGA. "Flow characteristic around the rotating circular cylinder." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 19, Supplement2 (1999): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.19.supplement2_225.

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12

KONDO, Masaya, and Yoshinari ANODA. "Study on Oscillated Flow around Circular Cylinder." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.1 (2000): 843–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.1.0_843.

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13

Kwok, Kenny C. S. "Turbulence Effect on Flow Around Circular Cylinder." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 112, no. 11 (November 1986): 1181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1986)112:11(1181).

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14

OKI, Makoto, Masumitsu SUEHIRO, Hiroo OKANAGA, Katsumi AOKI, Yasuki NAKAYAMA, and Takaharu OKUMOTO. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Grooves." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 11, Supplement2 (1991): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.11.supplement2_81.

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15

ASANO, Hiroyoshi, and Etsuo MORISHITA. "Computed Flow around an Oscillating Circular Cylinder." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 48, no. 159 (2005): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.48.21.

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16

Sheard, G. J., T. Leweke, M. C. Thompson, and K. Hourigan. "Flow around an impulsively arrested circular cylinder." Physics of Fluids 19, no. 8 (August 2007): 083601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754346.

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17

KURAUCHI, Sho, Akira HAKOZAKI, Akifumi YASUDA, and Takuya KAGA. "CAVITY FLOW AROUND AN OSCILLATING CIRCULAR CYLINDER." Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2002 (2002): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2002.77.

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18

Gao, Dong-Lai, Wen-Li Chen, Hui Li, and Hui Hu. "Flow around a circular cylinder with slit." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 82 (April 2017): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.11.025.

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19

Hayashi, Kenjirou, and Toshiyuki Shigemura. "UNSTEADY FLOW AROUND A VERTICAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A WAVE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.68.

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The unsteady characteristics of flow around a vertical circular cylinder in a typical wave, under which the lift force acting on it is very stable and has a frequency which is twice that of the incident wave, have been investigated experimentally. The relationship between the fluctuating flow velocities near the boundary layer separation points and the lift force acting on a sectional part of the cylinder has been understood quantitatively. To clarify the region where the appearance of stable lift force occurs, the long time records of lift forces acting on vertical cylinders in waves are also performed.

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20

Koide, Mizuyasu, Tsutomu Takahashi, and Masataka Shirakashi. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UNIVERSALITY OF LONGITUDINAL VORTICES SHEDDING PERIODICALLY FROM CRISSCROSS CIRCULAR CYLINDER SYSTEM IN UNIFORM FLOW(Flow around Cylinder 1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.433.

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21

Nguyen, Van Luc, Tomohiro Degawa, Tomomi Uchiyama, and Kotaro Takamure. "Numerical simulation of bubbly flow around a cylinder by semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian method." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 4660–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2019-0227.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design numerical simulations of bubbly flow around a cylinder to better understand the characteristics of flow around a rigid obstacle. Design/methodology/approach The bubbly flow around a circular cylinder was numerically simulated using a semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian method composed of a vortex-in-cell method for the liquid phase and a Lagrangian description of the gas phase. Additionally, a penalization method was applied to account for the cylinder inside the flow. The slip condition of the bubbles on the cylinder’s surface was enforced, and the outflow conditions were applied to the liquid flow at the far field. Findings The simulation clarified the characteristics of a bubbly flow around a circular cylinder. The bubbles were shown to move around and separate from both sides of the cylinder, because of entrainment by the liquid shear layers. Once the bubbly flow fully developed, the bubbles distributed into groups and were dispersed downstream of the cylinder. A three-dimensional vortex structure of various scales was also shown to form downstream, whereas a quasi-stable two-dimensional vortex structure was observed upstream. Overall, the proposed method captured the characteristics of a bubbly flow around a cylinder well. Originality/value A semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian approach was applied to simulate a bubbly flow around a circular cylinder. The simulations provided the detail features of these flow phenomena.

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22

NAKAYAMA, Keisuke, Yasushi HORIKAWA, and Takuya MIKAMI. "FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A SUPERCRITICAL FLOW." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 43 (1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.43.365.

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23

Moriya, M., and H. Sakamoto. "Effect of a Vibrating Upstream Cylinder on a Stationary Downstream Cylinder." Journal of Fluids Engineering 108, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242560.

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The flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement in uniform flow where the upstream cylinder is forcibly vibrated in direction normal to the approach flow was experimentally studied at Reynolds number of 6.54 × 104. The spacing ratio 1/d (1: distance between centers of cylinders, d: diameter of circular cylinders) and the ratio of amplitude to cylinder diameter a/d (a: amplitude of transverse vibration of cylinder) were varied from 2 to 6 and 0 to 0.029 respectively. The effects of the vibration of the upstream cylinder on the downstream cylinder were discussed. In particular, two distinct “lock-in” regions were observed when the upstream cylinder was vibrated with a spacing ratio of 1/d = 3.0. The cylinder vibration was so effective even for a/d as small as 0.017 to cause two different flow patterns.

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24

Bhumkar, Yogesh, Priyank Kumar, Arnab Roy, Sudip Das, and Jai Kumar Prasad. "Investigation of Incompressible Flow Past Two Circular Cylinders of Different Diameters." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 5 (September 19, 2017): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.11087.

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<p>A two - dimensional Navier-Stokes solver based on finite volume approach using a boundary-fitted curvilinear structured O-grid has been developed to obtain details of unconfined flow past cylinders at low Reynolds number of 100 and 200 based on diameter. Computations made on a single cylinder with smaller domain adopting the convective boundary conditions captured most of the flow features. This concept of a smaller domain, when used to capture the highly complex flow field around two cylinders of the same diameter placed in tandem at a Reynolds number of 200 showed reasonable results. The details of the flow field around two cylinders of different diameters placed at a typical distance of 3L and Reynolds number of 100 could be well captured adopting smaller domain concept. It is observed that the change in diameter of upstream cylinder strongly influences the overall flow field and the drag of the downstream cylinder.</p>

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25

Sumer, B. M., B. L. Jensen, and J. Fredsøe. "Effect of a plane boundary on oscillatory flow around a circular cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 225 (April 1991): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091002057.

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This study deals with the flow around a circular cylinder placed near a plane wall and exposed to an oscillatory flow. The study comprises instantaneous pressure distribution measurements around the cylinder at high Reynolds numbers (mostly at Re ∼ 105) and a flow visualization study of vortex motions at relatively smaller Reynolds numbers (Re ∼ 103–104). The range of the gap-to-diameter ratio is from 0 to 2 for the pressure measurements and from 0 to 25 for the flow visualization experiments. The range of the Keulegan–Carpenter number KC is from 4 to 65 for the pressure measurements and from 0 to 60 for the flow visualization tests. The details of vortex motions around the cylinder are identified for specific values of the gap-to-diameter ratio and for the KC regimes known from research on wall-free cylinders. The findings of the flow visualization study are used to interpret the variations in pressure with time around the pipe. The results indicate that the flow pattern and the pressure distribution change significantly because of the close proximity of the boundary where the symmetry in the formation of vortices breaks down, and also the characteristic transverse vortex street observed for wall-free cylinders for 7 < KC < 13 disappears. The results further indicate that the vortex shedding persists for smaller and smaller values of the gap-to-diameter ratio, as KC is decreased. The Strouhal frequency increases with decreasing gap-to-diameter ratio. The increase in the Strouhal frequency with respect to its wall-free-cylinder value can be as much as 50% when the cylinder is placed very close to the wall with a gap-to-diameter ratio of O(0.1).

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26

Yao, Jianfeng, Wenjuan Lou, Guohui Shen, Yong Guo, and Yuelong Xing. "Influence of Inflow Turbulence on the Flow Characteristics around a Circular Cylinder." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 3595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173595.

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To study the influence of turbulence on the wind pressure and aerodynamic behavior of smooth circular cylinders, wind tunnel tests of a circular cylinder based on wind pressure testing were conducted for different wind speeds and turbulent flows. The tests obtained the characteristic parameters of mean wind pressure coefficient distribution, drag coefficient, lift coefficient and correlation of wind pressure for different turbulence intensities and of Reynolds numbers. These results were also compared with those obtained by previous researchers. The results show that the minimum drag coefficient in the turbulent flow is basically constant at approximate 0.4 and is not affected by the turbulence intensity. When the Reynolds number is in the critical regime, the lift coefficient increased sharply to 0.76 in the smooth flow, indicating that flow separation has an asymmetry; however, the asymmetry does not appear in the turbulent flow. Drag coefficient decreases sharply at a lower critical Reynolds number in the turbulent flow than in the smooth flow. In the smooth flow, the separation point is about 80° in the subcritical regime; it suddenly moves backwards in the critical regime and remains almost unchanged at about 140° in the supercritical regime. However, the angular position of the separation point will always be about 140° for turbulent flow for the Reynolds number in these three regimes. Turbulence intensity and Reynolds number have a significant effect on the correlation of wind pressures around the circular cylinder. Turbulence will weaken the positive correlation of the same side and also reduce the negative correlation between the two sides of the circular cylinder.

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27

Laidoudi, Houssem, Blissag Bilal, and Mohamed Bouzit. "The Flow and Mixed Convection around Tandem Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number." Defect and Diffusion Forum 378 (September 2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.378.59.

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A numerical investigation is carried out to understand the effects of thermal buoyancy and Reynolds number on flow characteristics and mixed convection heat transfer over three isothermal circular cylinders situated in a tandem arrangement within a horizontal channel. The distance between cylinders is fixed at the value of 2.5 widths of the cylinder. The obtained results are presented and discussed for the range of conditions as: Re = 5 to 40, Ri = 0 to 2 at fixed Pr number of 1 and blockage ratio β = 0.25. The main results are depicted in terms of streamlines and isotherm contours to analyze the effect of thermal buoyancy on fluid flow and heat transfer rate. Moreover, the overall drag coefficient and Nusselt number are computed to elucidate the role of Reynolds number and Richardson number on the flow and heat transfer. It is found that increase in the Richardson number increases the drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder whereas it decreases the heat transfer rate of this cylinder. The superimposed of thermal buoyancy created a new sort of recirculation zones between the tandem cylinders.

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28

Alfonsi, Giancarlo, Agostino Lauria, and Leonardo Primavera. "FLOW STRUCTURES AROUND A LARGE-DIAMETER CIRCULAR CYLINDER." Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 19, no. 1 (2012): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.2012005088.

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29

KOZATO, Yasuaki, Shigeki IMAO, Toshio TANAKA, and Seiichi HAMAJI. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Periodic Disturbance." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2002.3 (2002): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2002.3.0_359.

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30

OKI, Makoto, Katsumi AOKI, and Yasuki NAKAYAMA. "Flow Characteristics around a Circular Cylinder with Grooves." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, no. 625 (1998): 2868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.2868.

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31

KANO, Ichiro, Miki YAGITA, and Hiroshi SATO. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Ground Effect." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 65, no. 638 (1999): 3268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.65.3268.

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32

WATANABE, Kyoshi, and Yoshitsugu UCHIDA. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Annular Step." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 14, Supplement1 (1994): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.14.supplement1_43.

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33

Dehkordi, Behzad Ghadiri, and Ali Mehrabadir. "Analyzing Oscillating Input Flow around a Circular Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.644.

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2D fluid flow around a circular cylinder is numerically studied where the input flow is oscillating at different values of forcing frequency. The input section of domain has constant horizontal velocity except a region in the middle of this section which has an oscillating transverse velocity. The uniform fluid flow around an oscillating circular cylinder is also studied. The results are obtained for these two cases and compared with other experimental and numerical results. A comparison of the numerical results with the experimental data indicates that the 2D simulation has excellent agreement with literature. The effect of oscillation on the flow field, wake pattern and drag coefficient has been studied. The results show that the lift coefficient diagram is pure sinusoidal for forcing frequency f=0.85 and is lied in the lock-in zone. The mean drag coefficient has a maximum value in this forcing frequency.

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34

Proskurin, A. V., and A. M. Sagalakov. "Stability of magnetohydrodynamic flow around a circular cylinder." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1382 (November 2019): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1382/1/012033.

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35

KOZATO, Yasuaki, Shigeki IMAO, and Takashi OHNO. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Periodic Disturbance." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2004.53 (2004): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2004.53.283.

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36

Nagai, Baku M., and Kazumasa Ameku. "1704 Vortex Flow around a Rotating Circular Cylinder." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2009 (2009): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2009.511.

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37

Kawamura, Tetuya, and Tsutomu Hayashi. "Computation of Flow around a Yawed Circular Cylinder." JSME International Journal Series B 37, no. 2 (1994): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.37.229.

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38

KAWAMURA, Tetuya, and Tsutomu HAYASHI. "Computation of Flow around a Yawed Circular Cylinder." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 58, no. 548 (1992): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.58.1071.

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39

KOZATO, Yasuaki, Shigeki IMAO, Seiichi HAMAJI, and Takashi OHNO. "Flow around a Circular Cylinder with Periodic Disturbance." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 70, no. 700 (2004): 3114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.70.3114.

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40

Dargahi, B. "The turbulent flow field around a circular cylinder." Experiments in Fluids 8, no. 1-2 (October 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00203058.

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41

Patel, V. A. "Symmetry of the flow around a circular cylinder." Journal of Computational Physics 71, no. 1 (July 1987): 65–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(87)90020-9.

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42

Chang, Kyoungsik, and George Constantinescu. "Numerical investigation of flow and turbulence structure through and around a circular array of rigid cylinders." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 776 (July 6, 2015): 161–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.321.

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This numerical study investigates flow and turbulence structure through and around a circular array of solid circular cylinders of diameter $d$. The region containing the array of rigid cylinders resembles a porous circular cylinder of diameter $D$. The porous cylinder Reynolds number defined with the steady incoming flow velocity is $\mathit{Re}_{D}=10\,000$. Fully three-dimensional (3D) large eddy simulations (LES) are conducted to study the effects of the volume fraction of solids of the porous cylinder ($0.023<\text{SVF}<0.2$) and $d/D$ on the temporal variation and mean values of the drag/lift forces acting on the solid cylinders and on the porous cylinder. The effects of the bleeding flow through the circular porous cylinder on the wake structure and the influence of the SVF and $d/D$ on the onset of flow three-dimensionality within or downstream of the porous cylinder and transition to turbulence are discussed. Results are compared with experimental data, predictions of theoretical models available in the literature and also with the canonical case of a solid cylinder ($\text{SVF}=1,d/D=1$). Three-dimensional LES predict that large-scale wake billows are shed in the wake of the porous cylinder for $\text{SVF}>0.05$, similar to the von Karman vortex street observed for solid cylinders. As the SVF decreases, the length of the separated shear layers (SSLs) of the porous cylinder and the distance from the back of the porous cylinder at which wake billows form increase. For sufficiently low volume fractions of solids (e.g. $\text{SVF}=0.05$, 0.023), no wake billows are shed and the interactions among the wakes of the solid cylinders are weak. Even for $\text{SVF}=0.023$, SSLs containing large-scale turbulent eddies form on the two sides of the porous cylinder, but their ends cannot interact to generate wake billows. In both regimes, the force acting on some of the solid cylinders within the array is highly unsteady. As opposed to results obtained based on 2D simulations, no intermediate regime in which the force acting on the solid cylinders is close to steady is present. Interestingly, an energetic low frequency corresponding to a Strouhal number defined with the diameter of the porous cylinder of approximately 0.2 is present within the porous cylinder and near-wake regions not only for cases where wake billows are generated but also for cases where no wake billows form. In the latter cases, this frequency is due to an instability acting on the SSLs which induces in-phase large-scale undulatory deformations of the two SSLs. A combined drag parameter for the porous cylinder ${\it\Gamma}_{D}=\overline{C}_{d}\,aD/(1-\text{SVF})$ is introduced, where $aD$ is the non-dimensional frontal area per unit volume of the porous cylinder. This parameter characterizes by how much the velocity of the bleeding flow at the back of the porous cylinder is reduced compared with the incoming flow velocity for a given total drag force acting on the porous cylinder. Results from simulations conducted with different values of the SVF, $d/D$ and mean time-averaged solid cylinder streamwise drag parameter, $\overline{C}_{d}$, show that ${\it\Gamma}_{D}$ increases monotonically with increasing $aD$. Several ways of defining the spatial extent of the wake region in a less ambiguous way are proposed.

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43

Cui, X., and J. M. N. T. Gray. "Gravity-driven granular free-surface flow around a circular cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 720 (February 27, 2013): 314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.42.

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AbstractSnow avalanches and other hazardous geophysical granular flows, such as debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, often impact on obstacles as they flow down a slope, generating rapid changes in the flow height and velocity in their vicinity. It is important to understand how a granular material flows around such obstacles to improve the design of deflecting and catching dams, and to correctly interpret field observations. In this paper small-scale experiments and numerical simulations are used to investigate the supercritical gravity-driven free-surface flow of a granular avalanche around a circular cylinder. Our experiments show that a very sharp bow shock wave and a stagnation point are generated in front of the cylinder. The shock standoff distance is accurately reproduced by shock-capturing numerical simulations and is approximately equal to the reciprocal of the Froude number, consistent with previous approximate results for shallow-water flows. As the grains move around the cylinder the flow expands and the pressure gradients rapidly accelerate the particles up to supercritical speeds again. The internal pressure is not strong enough to immediately push the grains into the space behind the cylinder and instead a grain-free region, or granular vacuum, forms on the lee side. For moderate upstream Froude numbers and slope inclinations, the granular vacuum closes up rapidly to form a triangular region, but on steeper slopes both experiments and numerical simulations show that the pinch-off distance moves far downstream.

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Coenen, W. "Steady streaming around a cylinder pair." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2195 (November 2016): 20160522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0522.

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The steady streaming motion that appears around a pair of circular cylinders placed in a small-amplitude oscillatory flow is considered. Attention is focused on the case where the Stokes layer thickness at the surface of the cylinders is much smaller than the cylinder radius, and the streaming Reynolds number is of order unity or larger. In that case, the steady streaming velocity that persists at the edge of the Stokes layer can be imposed as a boundary condition to numerically solve the outer streaming motion that it drives in the bulk of the fluid. It is investigated how the gap width between the cylinders and the streaming Reynolds number affect the flow topology. The results are compared against experimental observations.

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Kuo, Cheng Hsiung, Hwa Wei Lin, Chih Tao Chai, and Fred Cheng. "Flow Characteristics around Circular Cylinders with a Normal Slit." Defect and Diffusion Forum 379 (November 2017): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.379.48.

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Alterations of boundary layer separation along the upper-rear surface of a baseline and slit cylinder and the formation of a vortex in the near-wake are investigated by particle image velocimetry (PIV) at Reynolds number 1000. The slit ratio (S/D) is 0.3. The phase-lock flow structures are referred to the time-dependent volume flux at the slit exit and are achieved by the modified phase-averaged technique. The alterations and the evolution of boundary-layer flow along the upper-rear surface are demonstrated by the phase-lock flow structures. It is found that the alternate blowing and suction at the slit exit serves as a perturbation to the boundary layer near the shoulder of the slit cylinder leading to a significant delay of flow separation and the flow reattachment of boundary-layer flow along the upper-rear surface of the cylinder. After perturbation, the vortex street behind a slit cylinder is more organized and stronger than that behind a baseline cylinder at Reynolds number 1000.

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Lian, Jijian, Xiang Yan, Fang Liu, and Jun Zhang. "Analysis on Flow Induced Motion of Cylinders with Different Cross Sections and the Potential Capacity of Energy Transference from the Flow." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4356367.

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The energy in flow induced motion (FIM) was harnessed in recent years. In this study, the energy transfer ratio was derived to estimate the energy transference from the flow to the FIM. Then the FIM characteristics and energy transference of cylinders with different cross sections were experimentally investigated. The main findings are listed as follows. (a) Circular cylinders and diamond prisms both present a self-limited motion. The maximum amplitude ratio of circular cylinder is around 1~1.2 which is higher than that of diamond prism (0.4~0.5). (b) Triangle prisms and right square prisms present a self-unlimited motion. For triangle prism, amplitude ratio increases over 1.8; for right square prisms, amplitude ratio reaches 1.2. (c) The maximum transfer ratios of circular cylinder and triangle prism are 80% and 57%, respectively, which are much higher than those of other prisms, indicating that circular cylinder and triangle prism have better performances in energy transference. (d) The transfer ratio is strongly dependent on the damping and mass; higher damping or mass will promote a higher transfer ratio. (e) Beyond the critical transfer ratios, amplitude variation coefficients are around 10%~30% resulting in a better performance in stationarity.

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Wang, Chaoqun, Xugang Hua, Zhiwen Huang, and Qing Wen. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Coupled Twin Circular Bridge Hangers with Near Wake Interference." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094189.

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Much work has been devoted to the investigation and understanding of the flow-induced vibrations of twin cylinders vibrating individually (e.g., vortex-induced vibration and wake-induced galloping), but little has been devoted to coupled twin cylinders with synchronous galloping. The primary objective of this work is to investigate the aerodynamic forcing characteristics of coupled twin cylinders in cross flow and explore their effects on synchronous galloping. Pressure measurements were performed on a stationary section model of twin cylinders with various cylinder center-to-center distances from 2.5 to 11 diameters. Pressure distributions, reduced frequencies and total aerodynamic forces of the cylinders are analyzed. The results show that the flow around twin cylinders shows two typical patterns with different spacing, and the critical spacing for the two patterns at wind incidence angles of 0° and 9° is in the range of 3.8D~4.3D and 3.5D~3.8D, respectively. For cylinder spacings below the critical value, vortex shedding of the upstream cylinder is suppressed by the downstream cylinder. In particular, at wind incidence angles of 9°, the wake flow of the upstream cylinder flows rapidly near the top edge and impacts on the inlet edge of the downstream cylinder, which causes a negative and positive pressure region, respectively. As a result, the total lift force of twin cylinders comes to a peak while the total drag force jumps to a higher value. Moreover, there is a sharp drop of total lift coefficient for α = 9–12°, indicating the potential galloping instability. Finally, numerical simulations were performed for the visualization of the two flow patterns.

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Gao, Xing Jie, Hong Qing Zhang, Hui Chao Dai, and Gui Wen Rong. "The Influence of Different Reynolds Number on Flow across Three Tandem Cylinders with Different Diameter." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.304.

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Flow around a circular cylinder is a classical problem in fluid mechanics. The flowing problem about three tandem cylinders with different diameter is numerical simulated by a finite volume method. Through the simulation, the variations of flow field with different distance between the adjacent cylinder and different Reynolds number are investigated. The simulation result shows that three tandem cylinders with different diameter can evidently small columns minish width and aggrandize length of cylinder wakes compared with single cylinder.

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Tong, Feifei, Liang Cheng, Ming Zhao, and Hongwei An. "Oscillatory flow regimes around four cylinders in a square arrangement under small and conditions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 769 (March 17, 2015): 298–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.107.

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Sinusoidally oscillatory flow around four circular cylinders in an in-line square arrangement is numerically investigated at Keulegan–Carpenter numbers ($\mathit{KC}$) ranging from 1 to 12 and at Reynolds numbers ($\mathit{Re}$) from 20 to 200. A set of flow patterns is observed and classified based on known oscillatory flow regimes around a single cylinder. These include six types of reflection symmetry regimes to the axis of flow oscillation, two types of spatio-temporal symmetry regimes and a series of symmetry-breaking flow patterns. In general, at small gap distances, the four structures behave more like a single body, and the flow fields therefore resemble those around a single cylinder with a large effective cylinder diameter. With increasing gap distance, flow structures around each individual cylinder in the array start to influence the overall flow patterns, and the flow field shows a variety of symmetry and asymmetry patterns as a result of vortex and shear layer interactions. The characteristics of hydrodynamic forces on individual cylinders as well as on the cylinder group are also examined. It is found that the hydrodynamic forces respond in a similar manner to the flow field to the cylinder proximity and wake interference.

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NICOLLE, A., and I. EAMES. "Numerical study of flow through and around a circular array of cylinders." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 679 (May 27, 2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.77.

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This paper describes a study of the local and global effect of an isolated group of cylinders on an incident uniform flow. Using high resolution two-dimensional computations, we analysed the flow through and around a localised circular array of cylinders, where the ratio of array diameter (DG) to cylinder diameter (D) is 21. The number of cylinders varied from NC = 7 to 133, and they were arranged in a series of concentric rings to allow even distribution within the array with an average void fraction φ = NC(D/DG)2, which varied from 0.016 to 0.30. The characteristic Reynolds number of the array was ReG = 2100. A range of diagnostic tools were applied, including the lift/drag forces on each cylinder (and the whole array), Eulerian and Lagrangian average velocity within the array, and the decay of maximum vorticity with distance downstream. To interpret the flow field, we used vorticity and the dimensionless form of the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor. A mathematical model, based on representing the bodies as point forces, sources and dipoles, was applied to interpret the results. Three distinct flow regimes were identified. For low void fractions (φ < 0.05), the cylinders have uncoupled individual wake patterns, where the vorticity is rapidly annihilated by wake intermingling downstream and the forces are similar to that of an isolated cylinder. At intermediate void fractions (0.05 < φ < 0.15), a shear layer is generated at the shoulders of the array and the force acting on the cylinders is steady. For high void fractions (φ > 0.15), the array generates a wake in a similar way to a solid body of the same scale. For low void fraction arrays, the mathematical model provides a reasonable assessment of the forces on individual bodies within the array, the Eulerian mean velocity and the upstream velocity field. While it broadly captures the change in the rate of decay of the maximum vorticity magnitude Ωmax downstream, the magnitude is underpredicted.

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