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1

Kachel, V., and J. Wietzorrek. "Flow cytometry and integrated imaging." Scientia Marina 64, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n2247.

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2

Chao, Zixi, Yong Han, Zeheng Jiao, Zheng You, and Jingjing Zhao. "Prism Design for Spectral Flow Cytometry." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020315.

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Flow cytometers are instruments used for the rapid quantitative analysis of cell suspension. Traditional flow cytometry uses multi-channel filters to detect fluorescence, whereas full-spectrum fluorescence based on dispersion detection is a more effective and accurate method. The application of various dispersion schemes in flow cytometry spectroscopy has been studied. From the perspective of modern detectors and demand for the miniaturization of flow cytometry, prism dispersion exhibits higher and more uniform light energy utilization, meaning that it is a more suitable dispersion method for small flow cytometers, such as microfluidic flow cytometers. Prism dispersion designs include the size, number, and placement of prisms. By deducing the formula of the final position of light passing through the prism and combining it with the formula of transmittance, the design criteria of the top angle and the incident angle of the prism in pursuit of the optimum transmittance and dispersion index can be obtained. Considering the case of multiple prisms, under the premise of pursuing a smaller size, the optimal design criteria for dispersion system composed of multiple prisms can be obtained. The design of prism dispersion fluorescence detection was demonstrated with a microfluidic flow cytometer, and the effectiveness of the design results was verified by microsphere experiments and practical biological experiments. This design criterion developed in this study is generally applicable to spectral flow cytometers.
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3

Volotovski, I. D., and S. V. Pinchuk. "Flow cytometry. Basics of technology and its application in biology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 67, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-2-229-242.

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The given review is an attempt of concentrated consideration of flow cytometry problem which is widely used as a fundamental research approach in various fields of biology like cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry and molecular biology and also in applied and diagnostic medicine. The method principle, construction of flow cytometers and their possibilities (study of structure and function state of cell populations and cell sorting), usage of lasers in flow cytometers, wide assortment of fluorophores and monoclonal antibodies. The concrete examples of flow cytometer methods in different experiments are given. The trends in development of flow cytometry are considered.
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4

Gabriel, Holger, and Wilfried Kindermann. "Flow Cytometry." Sports Medicine 20, no. 5 (November 1995): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199520050-00002.

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5

Kagan, Jonathan M. "Flow Cytometry." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 8 (August 1991): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30146879.

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6

Gelven, Paul L., Stephen J. Cina, Gian G. Re, and Sally E. Self. "FLOW CYTOMETRY." Southern Medical Journal 88 (October 1995): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199510001-00193.

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7

Delude, Russell L. "Flow cytometry." Critical Care Medicine 33, Suppl (December 2005): S426—S428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000186781.07221.f8.

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8

Kagan, Jonathan M. "Flow Cytometry." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 8 (August 1991): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646387.

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9

Edwards, Bruce S., and Larry A. Sklar. "Flow Cytometry." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 20, no. 6 (March 24, 2015): 689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057115578273.

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Modern flow cytometers can make optical measurements of 10 or more parameters per cell at tens of thousands of cells per second and more than five orders of magnitude dynamic range. Although flow cytometry is used in most drug discovery stages, “sip-and-spit” sampling technology has restricted it to low-sample-throughput applications. The advent of HyperCyt sampling technology has recently made possible primary screening applications in which tens of thousands of compounds are analyzed per day. Target-multiplexing methodologies in combination with extended multiparameter analyses enable profiling of lead candidates early in the discovery process, when the greatest numbers of candidates are available for evaluation. The ability to sample small volumes with negligible waste reduces reagent costs, compound usage, and consumption of cells. Improved compound library formatting strategies can further extend primary screening opportunities when samples are scarce. Dozens of targets have been screened in 384- and 1536-well assay formats, predominantly in academic screening lab settings. In concert with commercial platform evolution and trending drug discovery strategies, HyperCyt-based systems are now finding their way into mainstream screening labs. Recent advances in flow-based imaging, mass spectrometry, and parallel sample processing promise dramatically expanded single-cell profiling capabilities to bolster systems-level approaches to drug discovery.
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10

Bockelman, Henry W. "FLOW CYTOMETRY." Chest 104, no. 3 (September 1993): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)38837-7.

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11

Dorfman, David M. "Flow Cytometry." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 37, no. 4 (December 2017): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(17)30096-3.

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12

Pane, Marco, Serena Allesina, Angela Amoruso, Stefania Nicola, Francesca Deidda, and Luca Mogna. "Flow Cytometry." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 52 (2018): S41—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0000000000001057.

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13

Dam, Peter A., and David C. Lowe. "Flow cytometry." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 99, no. 7 (July 1992): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13817.x.

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14

Judson, Patricia L., and Linda Van Le. "Flow cytometry." Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS 4, no. 3 (May 1997): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1068-607x(97)00004-8.

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15

Gilman-Sachs, Alice. "Flow cytometry." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 13 (July 1994): 700A—707A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00085a002.

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16

Stanley, Michael W. "Flow cytometry." Human Pathology 23, no. 7 (July 1992): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(92)90360-f.

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17

Jahan-Tigh, Richard R., Caitriona Ryan, Gerlinde Obermoser, and Kathryn Schwarzenberger. "Flow Cytometry." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 132, no. 10 (October 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.282.

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18

Galley, H. F., and N. R. Webster. "Flow cytometry." British Journal of Anaesthesia 78, no. 2 (February 1997): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/78.2.227.

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19

Farr, Warner D. "Flow Cytometry." Military Medicine 157, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/157.6.a13a.

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20

Gascue, Amaia, Juana Merino, and Bruno Paiva. "Flow Cytometry." Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 32, no. 5 (October 2018): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2018.05.004.

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21

Camplejohn, Richard S. "Flow cytometry." Journal of Pathology 166, no. 3 (March 1992): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1711660317.

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22

Cram, L. S., J. C. Martin, J. A. Steinkamp, T. M. Yoshida, T. N. Buican, B. L. Marrone, J. H. Jett, G. Salzman, and L. Sklar. "New flow cytometric capabilities at the national flow cytometry resource." Proceedings of the IEEE 80, no. 6 (June 1992): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.149453.

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23

Kim, Byeongyeon, Dayoung Kang, and Sungyoung Choi. "Handheld Microflow Cytometer Based on a Motorized Smart Pipette, a Microfluidic Cell Concentrator, and a Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscope." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122761.

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Miniaturizing flow cytometry requires a comprehensive approach to redesigning the conventional fluidic and optical systems to have a small footprint and simple usage and to enable rapid cell analysis. Microfluidic methods have addressed some challenges in limiting the realization of microflow cytometry, but most microfluidics-based flow cytometry techniques still rely on bulky equipment (e.g., high-precision syringe pumps and bench-top microscopes). Here, we describe a comprehensive approach that achieves high-throughput white blood cell (WBC) counting in a portable and handheld manner, thereby allowing the complete miniaturization of flow cytometry. Our approach integrates three major components: a motorized smart pipette for accurate volume metering and controllable liquid pumping, a microfluidic cell concentrator for target cell enrichment, and a miniaturized fluorescence microscope for portable flow cytometric analysis. We first validated the capability of each component by precisely metering various fluid samples and controlling flow rates in a range from 219.5 to 840.5 μL/min, achieving high sample-volume reduction via on-chip WBC enrichment, and successfully counting single WBCs flowing through a region of interrogation. We synergistically combined the three major components to create a handheld, integrated microflow cytometer and operated it with a simple protocol of drawing up a blood sample via pipetting and injecting the sample into the microfluidic concentrator by powering the motorized smart pipette. We then demonstrated the utility of the microflow cytometer as a quality control means for leukoreduced blood products, quantitatively analyzing residual WBCs (rWBCs) in blood samples present at concentrations as low as 0.1 rWBCs/μL. These portable, controllable, high-throughput, and quantitative microflow cytometric technologies provide promising ways of miniaturizing flow cytometry.
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24

Jang, Woong Sik, Junmin Lee, Seoyeon Park, Chae Seung Lim, and Jeeyong Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Microscanner Plus, an Automated Image-Based Cell Counter, for Counting CD4+ T Lymphocytes in HIV Patients." Diagnostics 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010073.

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Counting CD4+ T lymphocytes using flow cytometry is a standard method for monitoring patients with HIV infections. Simpler and cheaper alternatives to flow cytometry are in high demand because getting access to flow cytometers is difficult or impossible in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the performance of the Microscanner Plus, a simple and automated image-based cell counter, in determining CD4 counts against a flow cytometer. CD4 count results of the Microscanner Plus and flow cytometer were compared using samples from 47 HIV-infected patients and 87 healthy individuals. All CV% for precision and reproducibility tests were less than 10%. The Microscanner Plus’s lowest detectable CD4 count was determined to be 15.27 cells/µL of whole blood samples. The correlation coefficient (R) between Microscanner Plus and flow cytometry for CD4 counting in 134 clinical samples was very high, at 0.9906 (p < 0.0001). The automated Microscanner Plus showed acceptable analytical performance for counting CD4+ T lymphocytes and may be particularly useful for monitoring HIV patients in resource-limited settings.
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25

Peperzak, L., E. G. Vrieling, B. Sandee, and T. Rutten. "Immuno flow cytometry in marine phytoplankton research." Scientia Marina 64, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n2165.

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26

Gonen, Ceren. "Flow Cytometry and Annexin V Marking Results." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2023): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231102193751.

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27

Lian, Hong, Shengbin He, Chaoxiang Chen, and Xiaomei Yan. "Flow Cytometric Analysis of Nanoscale Biological Particles and Organelles." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115042.

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Analysis of nanoscale biological particles and organelles (BPOs) at the single-particle level is fundamental to the in-depth study of biosciences. Flow cytometry is a versatile technique that has been well-established for the analysis of eukaryotic cells, yet conventional flow cytometry can hardly meet the sensitivity requirement for nanoscale BPOs. Recent advances in high-sensitivity flow cytometry have made it possible to conduct precise, sensitive, and specific analyses of nanoscale BPOs, with exceptional benefits for bacteria, mitochondria, viruses, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this article, we discuss the significance, challenges, and efforts toward sensitivity enhancement, followed by the introduction of flow cytometric analysis of nanoscale BPOs. With the development of the nano-flow cytometer that can detect single viruses and EVs as small as 27 nm and 40 nm, respectively, more exciting applications in nanoscale BPO analysis can be envisioned.
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28

Barteneva, Natasha S., Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, and Ivan A. Vorobjev. "Imaging Flow Cytometry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 60, no. 10 (June 27, 2012): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155412453052.

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29

O'Neill, Kieran, Nima Aghaeepour, Josef Špidlen, and Ryan Brinkman. "Flow Cytometry Bioinformatics." PLoS Computational Biology 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2013): e1003365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003365.

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30

Class, Reiner. "Clinical Flow Cytometry." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 1 (February 1995): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000421-199502000-00021.

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31

Stewart, Carleton C. "Multiparameter Flow Cytometry." Journal of Immunoassay 21, no. 2-3 (May 2000): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01971520009349536.

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32

O'Neill, Michael. "Democratizing Flow Cytometry." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 33, no. 6 (March 15, 2013): 12, 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.33.6.07.

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33

Galanzha, Ekaterina I., and Vladimir P. Zharov. "Photoacoustic flow cytometry." Methods 57, no. 3 (July 2012): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.009.

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34

Borek, F. "Practical flow cytometry." Journal of Immunological Methods 90, no. 1 (June 1986): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90397-2.

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35

Basiji, David, and Maurice R. G. O'Gorman. "Imaging flow cytometry." Journal of Immunological Methods 423 (August 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.002.

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36

Métézeau, Ph. "Practical flow cytometry." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Microbiologie 139, no. 5 (September 1988): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0769-2609(88)90163-9.

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37

Métézeau, Ph. "Practical flow cytometry." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Immunologie 139, no. 5 (September 1988): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0769-2625(88)90111-0.

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38

Nicholson, Janet K. A. "Practical flow cytometry." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 10, no. 3 (July 1988): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(88)90040-5.

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39

Borek, F. "Practical flow cytometry." Journal of Immunological Methods 120, no. 1 (June 1989): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(89)90304-9.

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40

Roa, R. A., and Thomas E. Carey. "DNA Flow Cytometry." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 98, no. 3 (March 1988): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988809800324.

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41

Hoffman, Robert A. "Flow Cytometry Instrumentation." Current Protocols in Cytometry 52, no. 1 (April 2010): 1.0.1–1.0.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471142956.cy0100s52.

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42

Pedreira, Carlos E. "Automating flow cytometry." Cytometry Part A 81A, no. 2 (December 28, 2011): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.22007.

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43

Cai, Shengxun, Jianqing Nie, Kun Wang, Yimin Guan, and Demeng Liu. "A multichannel thermal bubble-actuated impedance flow cytometer with on-chip TIA based on CMOS-MEMS." Journal of Semiconductors 45, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 052201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/052201.

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Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) flow cytometry offers the advantages of speed, affordability, and portability in cell analysis and cytometry applications. However, the integration challenges of microfluidic and EIS read-out circuits hinder the downsizing of cytometry devices. To address this, we developed a thermal-bubble-driven impedance flow cytometric application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The thermal-bubble micropump avoids external piping and equipment, enabling high-throughput designs. With a total of 36 cell counting channels, each measuring 884 × 220 μm2, the chip significantly enhances the throughput of flow cytometers. Each cell counting channel incorporates a differential trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) to amplify weak biosensing signals. By eliminating the parasitic parameters created at the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (CMOS)-micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) interface, the counting accuracy can be increased. The on-chip TIA can adjust feedback resistance from 5 to 60 kΩ to accommodate solutions with different impedances. The chip effectively classifies particles of varying sizes, demonstrated by the average peak voltages of 0.0529 and 0.4510 mV for 7 and 14 μm polystyrene beads, respectively. Moreover, the counting accuracies of the chip for polystyrene beads and MSTO-211H cells are both greater than 97.6%. The chip exhibits potential for impedance flow cytometer at low cost, high-throughput, and miniaturization for the application of point-of-care diagnostics.
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44

Kumar, Dr Raushan. "FLOW CYTOMETERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH." Era's Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 1 (June 2024): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2024.18.

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Flow cytometry has quickly risen to the status of a standard analytical tool in medical research due to its robustness. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool that may examine individual cells within a larger population. Similar to microscopy, this method automatically quantifies certain optical properties of the cell or cell population under study using a flow cytometer. Flow cytometry can be used to learn about cell size, number of cells, chromosomes, and biological processes including apoptosis and cell adhesion. When it comes to diagnosing diseases, flow cytometry is important for the following tasks: a complete count of blood cells Cell sorting has many applications in biology, including the study of various leukocyte types, the identification of pathogenic microbes in environmental and biological samples, the determination of total DNA content in cells during tumor biopsies for cancer research, the sorting of T cells to assess the impact of infections on their function, and the detection of minimal residual disease cells in bodily fluids.
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45

Doan, Hung, Garrett M. Chinn, and Richard R. Jahan-Tigh. "Flow Cytometry II: Mass and Imaging Cytometry." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 135, no. 9 (September 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.263.

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46

Doan, H., G. M. Chinn, and R. R. Jahan-Tigh. "Flow Cytometry II: Mass and Imaging Cytometry." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 135, no. 12 (December 2015): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.368.

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47

Kaleem, Zahid. "Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphomas: Current Status and Usefulness." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-1850-fcaolc.

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Abstract Context.—Immunophenotyping has become a routine practice in the diagnosis and classification of most cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and flow cytometry is often the method of choice in many laboratories. The role that flow cytometry plays, however, extends beyond just diagnosis and classification. Objective.—To review and evaluate the current roles of flow cytometry in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, to compare it with immunohistochemistry, and to discuss its potential future applications in the molecular diagnostic era. Data Sources.—The information contained herein is derived from peer-reviewed articles on the subject published in the English-language medical literature during the years 1980 to 2005 that were identified using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi, 1980–2005) search, various books and other sources on flow cytometry, and the author's personal experience of more than 10 years with flow cytometric analysis of lymphomas and leukemia using Becton-Dickinson (San Jose, Calif) and Beckman-Coulter (Miami, Fla) flow cytometers. Study Selection.—Studies were selected based on adequate material and methods, statistically significant results, and adequate clinical follow-up. Data Extraction.—The data from various sources were compared when the methods used were the same or similar and appropriate controls were included. Most of the studies employed 2-color, 3-color, or 4-color flow cytometers with antibodies from Becton-Dickinson, Beckman-Coulter, or DakoCytomation (Carpinteria, Calif). Results were evaluated from studies utilizing the same or similar techniques and flow cytometers. Only objective data analyses from relevant and useful publications were included for reporting and discussion. Data Synthesis.—Flow cytometry serves a variety of roles in the field of lymphoma/leukemia including rapid diagnosis, proper classification, staging, minimal residual disease detection, central nervous system lymphoma detection, evaluation of prognostic markers, detection of target molecules for therapies, ploidy analysis of lymphoma cell DNA, and evaluation of multidrug-resistance markers. It offers many advantages in comparison to immunohistochemistry for the same roles and provides uses that are either not possible or not preferable by immunohistochemistry such as multiparameter evaluation of single cells and detection of clonality in T cells. Conclusions.—By virtue of its ability to evaluate not only surface but also cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens, flow cytometry continues to enjoy widespread use in various capacities in lymphoma evaluation and treatment. Additional roles for flow cytometry are likely to be invented in the future and should provide distinctive uses in the molecular era.
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48

Zhang, Ting, Mengge Gao, Xiao Chen, Chiyuan Gao, Shilun Feng, Deyong Chen, Junbo Wang, Xiaosu Zhao, and Jian Chen. "Demands and technical developments of clinical flow cytometry with emphasis in quantitative, spectral, and imaging capabilities." Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0015301.

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As the gold-standard method for single-cell analysis, flow cytometry enables high-throughput and multiple-parameter characterization of individual biological cells. This review highlights the demands for clinical flow cytometry in laboratory hematology (e.g., diagnoses of minimal residual disease and various types of leukemia), summarizes state-of-the-art clinical flow cytometers (e.g., FACSLyricTM by Becton Dickinson, DxFLEX by Beckman Coulter), then considers innovative technical improvements in flow cytometry (including quantitative, spectral, and imaging approaches) to address the limitations of clinical flow cytometry in hematology diagnosis. Finally, driven by these clinical demands, future developments in clinical flow cytometry are suggested.
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49

Moore, Andrea V., Scott M. Kirk, Steven M. Callister, Gerald H. Mazurek, and Ronald F. Schell. "Safe Determination of Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Antimycobacterial Agents by Flow Cytometry." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.479-483.1999.

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We showed previously that susceptibility testing forMycobacterium tuberculosis labeled with fluorescein diacetate could be accomplished rapidly by using flow cytometry. However, safety was a major concern because mycobacteria were not killed prior to flow cytometric analysis. In this study, we developed a biologically safe flow cytometric susceptibility test that depends on detection and enumeration of actively growing M. tuberculosis organisms in drug-free and antimycobacterial agent-containing medium. The susceptibilities of 17 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis to ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin were tested by the agar proportion and flow cytometric methods. Subsequently, all flow cytometric susceptibility test samples were inactivated by exposure to paraformaldehyde before analysis with a flow cytometer. Agreement between the results from the two methods was 98%. In addition, the flow cytometric results were available 72 h after the initiation of testing. The flow cytometric susceptibility assay is safe, simple to perform, and more rapid than conventional test methods, such as the BACTEC system and the proportion method.
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50

Rahman, Md Mizanur, Susane Giti, and Debashish Saha. "Flow Cytomerty: Clinical Applications in Haemato-Oncology." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i1.30677.

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In the past decade, the use of flow cytometry in the clinical haematology laboratory has grown substantially due to the development of smaller, user-friendly, less-expensive instruments and a continuous increase in the number of clinical applications. Multiple characteristics of single cells can be analyzed rapidly by flow cytometry. Both qualitative and quantitative information are obtained by flow cytometry whereas previously only in research institutions and esteemed academic centres flow cytometers were found. With advances in technology now it is possible for secondary level hospitals to use this methodology. This paper reviews the selected applications of flow cytometry in the clinical haematology laboratory in Bangladesh. This review serves to awaken the interest of stakeholders involved in the diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies (HM) in the efficacy of flow cytometry in the immunophenotypic characterization of leukaemias and lymphomas. Relevant literature including those provided by different international consensus groups on the phenotypic characterization of HM was reviewed. Additionally, recent reports on the immunophenotypic analysis of HM published in haematology, oncology, pathology, immunology and cell biology journals were also analyzed. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of HM is highly demanding. It is highly useful in profiling the leukaemias and lymphomas and allows proper ramification along the latest WHO classification guidelines, thereby paving the way for targeted therapy and clinical trial-driven management, significantly outweighs the cost, which can be fully recovered if properly managed. In a low-resource setting like Bangladesh, limited immunohistochemistry serves to bridge the gap in technological advancement.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 74-80
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