Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flow rate measurement

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flow rate measurement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Unsal, Bulent, Dimosthenis Trimis, and Franz Durst. "On-line Instantaneous Mass Flow Rate Measurements Through Injection Nozzles of Internal Combustion Engines(Measurement)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.653.

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Oddie, Gary, and J. R. Anthony Pearson. "FLOW-RATE MEASUREMENT IN TWO-PHASE FLOW." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 36, no. 1 (January 2004): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.121935.

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Agawa, Kuniharu, Hirohumi Kihara, Kaneyoshi Katsura, and Yasuo Koike. "Measurement of Air Flow Rate." Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl. 1988, Supplement24 (1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirinsuppl1986.1988.supplement24_1.

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KAMIWANO, Mitsuo, and Fumio SAITO. "Flow rate measurement with image sensors." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 22, no. 5 (1985): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.22.295.

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Catelani, M., L. Ciani, and M. Venzi. "Flow Rate AMS - Automatic Measurement System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 102008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/10/102008.

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Graham, Emmelyn, Kerstin Thiemann, Sabrina Kartmann, Elsa Batista, Hugo Bissig, Anders Niemann, Abir Wissam Boudaoud, Florestan Ogheard, Yu Zhang, and Michele Zagnoni. "Ultra-low flow rate measurement techniques." Measurement: Sensors 18 (December 2021): 100279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100279.

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Dindorf, Ryszard, and Piotr Wos. "Indirect Method of Leakage Flow Rate Measurement in Compressed Air Pipelines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 630 (September 2014): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.630.288.

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The paper deals with new indirect methods of leakage flow rate measurement in compressed air pipelines. In this method the measurement equipment has branch connection to the pipeline. The measurement method consists in determining the relation between air leakage flow rate in pipeline and the controlled air flow rate through adjustable throttle valve. Compressed air leakage flow rate in pipeline is calculated on the basis of pressure ratio measurements in two time intervals - during leakage without the controlled flow and with the controlled flow in branch line. The controlled air flow through the throttle valve is directly measured by flow meter.
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Ando, Bruno, Salvatore Baglio, and Vincenzo Marletta. "Selective Measurement of Volcanic Ash Flow-Rate." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, no. 5 (May 2014): 1356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2283587.

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Dubovikova, Nataliia, Yuri Kolesnikov, and Christian Karcher. "Flow rate measurement in aggressive conductive fluids." EPJ Web of Conferences 67 (2014): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146702022.

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Kawashima, Kenji, Toshiharu Kagawa, and Toshinori Fujita. "Instantaneous Flow Rate Measurement of Ideal Gases." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (May 6, 1996): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482439.

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In this paper, a chamber called an “Isothermal Chamber” was developed. The isothermal chamber can almost realize isothermal condition due to larger heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient by stuffing steel wool in it. Using this chamber, a simple method to measure flow rates of ideal gases was developed. As the process during charge or discharge is almost isothermal, instantaneous flow rates charged into or discharged from the chamber can be obtained measuring only pressure in the chamber. The steady and the unsteady flow rate of air were measured by the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the method was demonstrated. [S0022-0434(00)00301-4]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Fuller, Andrew D. "A flow rate measurement system for a mobile emissions measurement system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1903.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 111 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
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Evans, Jonathan M. "Measurement of blood flow volume rate by Doppler ultrasound." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292441.

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Martin, Edward C. "Measuring Water Flow and Rate on the Farm." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333140.

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Revised; Originally Published: 2009
4 pp.
Proper water management involves two basic considerations: when and how much irrigation water to apply. The timing of an irrigation event (the when) involves utilizing information on plant needs and soil water conditions. How much depends primarily on the soil’s water holding capacity, the depletion level and the rooting depth of the crop. Once you have calculated how much water to apply, how can you be sure that you have accurately applied that amount? Or, if you miss your target amount, how do you determine how much water you actually applied? The amount of water applied to a field is a function of time, flow and area. The time of an irrigation is easily recorded. The amount of area irrigated is also easily calculated. However, estimating flow rate in an open ditch is often guess work, at best. In this bulletin we shall discuss ways to measure water flow in an open ditch.
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Paavilainen, Janne. "Characterization of Chimney Flue Gas Flows : Flow Rate Measurements with Averaging Pitot Probes." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23481.

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Performance testing methods of boilers in transient operating conditions (start, stop and combustion power modulation sequences) need the combustion rate quantified to allow for the emissions to be quantified. One way of quantifying the combustion rate of a boiler during transient operating conditions is by measuring the flue gas flow rate. The flow conditions in chimneys of single family house boilers pose a challenge however, mainly because of the low flow velocity. The main objectives of the work were to characterize the flow conditions in residential chimneys, to evaluate the use of the Pitot-static method and the averaging Pitot method, and to develop and test a calibration method for averaging Pitot probes for low 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅.A literature survey and a theoretical study were performed to characterize the flow conditions in in single family house boiler chimneys. The flow velocities under normal boiler operating conditions are often below the requirements for the assumptions of non-viscous fluid justifying the use of the quadratic Bernoulli equation. A non-linear calibration coefficient is required to correct for these viscous effects in order to avoid significant measurement errors. The flow type in the studied conditions changes from laminar, across the transition regime, to fully turbulent flow, resulting in significant changes of the velocity profile during transient boiler operation. Due to geometrical settings occurring in practice measurements are often done in the hydrodynamic entrance region, where the velocity profiles are neither fully developed nor symmetrical. The predicted changes in velocity profiles are also confirmed experimentally in two chimneys.Several requirements set in ISO 10780 and ISO 3966 for Pitot-static probes are either met questionably or not met at all, meaning that the methods cannot be used as such. The main issues are the low flow velocity, viscous effects, and velocity profiles that change significantly during normal boiler operation. The Pitot-static probe can be calibrated for low 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅, but is not reliable because of the changing velocity profiles.The pressure averaging probe is a simple remedy to overcome the problems with asymmetric and changing velocity profiles, but still keeping low the irrecoverable pressure drop caused by the probe. However, commercial averaging probes are not calibrated for the characterized chimney conditions and the information available on the performance of averaging probes at low 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 is scarce. A literature survey and a theoretical study were done to develop a method for calibrating pressure averaging probes for low 𝑅𝑅𝑒 flue gas flows in residential chimneys.The experimental part consists of constructing a calibration rig, testing the performance of differential pressure transducers, and testing a prototype pressure averaging probe. The results show good correlation over a wide operation range, but the low 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 characteristics of the probe could not be identified due to instability in the chosen pressure transducer, and temperature correlation for one of the probes while not for the other. The differential pressures produced are close to the performance limitations of readily available transducers and it should be possible to improve the method by focusing on finding or building a suitable pressure transducer. The performance of the averaging method can be improved further by optimizing the geometry of the probe. Another way of reducing the uncertainty would be to increase the probe size relative to the conduit diameter to produce a higher differential pressure, at the expense of increasing the irrecoverable pressure drop.
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ACCIOLY, CARLA CITO. "METROLOGICAL RELIABILITY OF FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT IN HYDROELECTRICAL COOLING WATER SYSTEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10463@1.

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A supervisão da vazão da água de resfriamento em equipamentos de produção de energia de usinas hidrelétricas tem sido uma questão de preocupação devido à possibilidade de obstrução dos equipamentos de medição pela água sem tratamento. Outrossim, por razões econômicas, um instrumento barato e confiável deve ser escolhido para os vários pontos de monitoramento. Neste trabalho, um dispositivo não intrusivo foi desenvolvido, tendo seu desempenho avaliado para a medição da vazão da água na faixa de 0,7 a 7 m3/h. O princípio básico de operação é a variação da freqüência de formação de vórtices como função da vazão. Um acelerômetro colocado na parede externa de uma tubulação mede a freqüência de vibração induzida pelos vórtices. Vários testes mostraram que o instrumento é sensível a ruídos, que devem ser filtrados para a redução da incerteza de medição. O número de Strouhal foi avaliado como função do número de Reynolds do escoamento, mostrando um comportamento assintótico para números de Reynolds elevados. O instrumento diferencia nitidamente a existência ou não de escoamento. Presentemente, um esforço para condicionamento do sinal está sendo feito para a redução da incerteza de medição da vazão, que é estimada nesta dissertação.
The supervision of the cooling water flow rate in power producing equipments of hydro-electric plants has been an issue of concern due to the possibility of clogging up measurement instruments by the used non treated flowing water. Furthermore, for economic reasons, a cheap and reliable instrument must be chosen for each of the many monitoring points. In this work, a non-intrusive device was developed and its performance analized for measuring water flow rate in the 0,7 to 7 m3/h range. The basic operating principle is the variation of the vortex shedding frequency with flow rate. An accelerometer placed outside the pipe wall measures the vortex induced vibration frequency. Several tests showed that the instrument is noise sensitive, which must be filtered to reduce the uncertainty of measurement. The Strouhal number was plotted as a function of the flow Reynolds number, showing an asymptotic trend towards an approximately constant value at high Reynolds numbers. The instrument sharply differenciates between flow and non-flow situations. Presently, a signal conditioning effort is being conducted to reduce the uncertainty of measurement of the flow rate, which is estimated in this dissertation.
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Barratt, Ian Robert. "Radiometric determination of the true mass flow rate of solids in a pneumatic suspension." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313221.

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Hasan, Abbas. "Multiphase flow rate measurement using a novel conductance Venturi meter : experimental and theoretical study in different flow regimes." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9673/.

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Multiphase flows, where two or even three fluids flow simultaneously in a pipe are becoming increasingly important in industry. Although much research has been done to measure the phase flow rates of two-phase flows using a Venturi meter, accurate flow rate measurements of two phase flows in vertical and horizontal pipes at different flow regimes using a Venturi meter remain elusive. In water continuous multiphase flow, the electrical conductance technique has proven attractive for many industrial applications. In gas-water two phase flows, the electrical conductance technique can be used to measure the gas volume fraction. The electrical conductance is typically measured by passing a known electrical current through the flow and then measure the voltage drop between two electrodes in the pipe. Once the current and the voltage drop are obtained, the conductance (or resistance) of the mixture, which depends on the gas volume fraction in the water, can then be calculated. The principal aim of the research described in this thesis was to develop a novel conductance multiphase flow meter which is capable of measuring the gas and the water flow rates in vertical annular flows and horizontal stratified gas water two phase flows. This thesis investigates the homogenous and separated (vertical annular and horizontal stratified) gas-water two phase flows through Venturi meters. In bubbly(approximately homogenous) two phase flow, the universal Venturi meter (nonconductance Venturi) was used in conjunction with the Flow Density Meter, FDM (which is capable of measuring the gas volume fraction at the inlet of the Venturi) to measure the mixture flow rate using the homogenous flow model. Since the separated flow in a Venturi meter is highly complex and the application of the homogenous flow model could not be expected to lead to highly accurate results, a novel conductance multiphase flow meter, which consists of the Conductance Inlet Void Fraction Meter, CIVFM (that is capable of measuring the gas volume fraction at the inlet of the Venturi) and the Conductance Multiphase Venturi Meter, CMVM (that is capable of measuring the gas volume fraction at the throat of the Venturi) was designed and manufactured allowing the new separated flow model to be used to determine the gas and the water flow rates. A new model for separated flows has been investigated. This model was used to calculate the phase flow rates of water and gas flows in a horizontal stratified flow. This model was also modified to be used in a vertical annular flow. The new separated flow model is based on the measurement of the gas volume fraction at the inlet and the throat of the Venturi meter rather than relying on prior knowledge of the mass flow quality x. Online measurement of x is difficult and not practical in nearly all multiphase flow applications. The advantage of the new model described in this thesis over the previous models available in the literature is that the new model does not require prior knowledge of the mass flow quality which makes the measurement technique described in this thesis more practical.
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SANTOS, WAGNER JOSÉ DOS. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF VISCOSITY ON THE PETROLEUM FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT BY ULTRASONIC METERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27893@1.

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No Brasil, a medição de petróleo é regulada pela ANP e pelo INMETRO. O Regulamento Técnico de Medição de Petróleo e Gás Natural exige que os medidores de vazão de petróleo sejam calibrados nas condições mais próximas das encontradas no local de medição, tanto para o fluido (massa específica e viscosidade) quanto operacionais (vazão, pressão e temperatura). Replicar todas estas condições nos laboratórios de calibração nacionais é muito complicado e dispendioso. Assim, neste trabalho foram avaliados os comportamentos de 7 medidores Altosonic V calibrados com 5 tipos de fluidos (oural, condensat, fuel, heavy fuel e água). Os fatores de calibração dos medidores foram submetidos a avaliações estatísticas e curvas de calibração foram ajustadas buscando identificar possíveis tendências de comportamento. Após supor-se que vazões e viscosidades teriam influência na aleatoriedade dos fatores, chegou-se à conclusão que, utilizando as calibrações de fábrica (fingerprint) do medidor, que cobrem toda a faixa de viscosidade e vazão de medição com a utilização do número de Reynolds, os limites requeridos por norma de erros para medição fiscal de são atendidos. Assim, sugere-se que as verificações periódicas do Altosonic V sejam feitas com o fluido disponível no laboratório de calibração, observando a coerência dos fatores obtidos nesta calibração e na calibração inicial, buscando o atendimento aos limites legais da aplicação.
In Brazil, the measurement of oil is regulated by ANP and INMETRO. The Technical Regulation for Petroleum and Natural Gas requires that the oil flow meters be calibrated in conditions close to those found at the measurement site, both regarding the fluid (density and viscosity) and operational conditions (flow rate, pressure and temperature). It is very difficult to replicate all these conditions in national calibration facilities and expensive too. Thus, this study evaluated the behavior of 7 Altosonic V meters calibrated with 5 types of fluids (oural, condensat, fuel, heavy fuel and water). The calibration factors of the meters were subjected to statistical evaluation and calibration curves were fitted looking for possible behavior trends. Supposing that flow rates and viscosities would influence randomly the factors, a conclusion was reached that, by using the factory meter calibrations (fingerprint), that cover the entire measurement range of viscosity and flow rates, by using Reynolds number, the required by norm fiscal measurement error limits are met. Thus, it is suggested that periodic checks of Altosonic V could be made with the fluid available in the calibration facility, verifying the consistency of the factors obtained in this calibration and in the fingerprint, aimed at complying with the legal limits of the application.
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OLIVEIRA, THIAGO BARRA VIDAL DE. "METROLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE V-CONE TYPE METER PERFORMANCE FOR WET GAS FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32997@1.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho metrológico e o potencial de aplicação do medidor tipo v-cone para medição de vazão de gás natural em condições de gás úmido. Observa-se que os medidores do tipo placa de orifício, geralmente utilizados na medição de vazão de gás no segmento de Exploração e Produção (E e P), podem não representar a tecnologia mais adequada. O medidor v-cone representa uma tecnologia relativamente recente, que vem demonstrando bom desempenho para a medição de vazão e vem ganhando aceitação de órgãos reguladores. O interesse e a motivação do pesquisador residem na busca de maior exatidão na medição de vazão em condições operacionais adversas (gás úmido não especificado), sem impacto significativo sobre o custo do sistema. O presente trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresenta o estágio atual de desenvolvimento da tecnologia de medição por v-cone e detalha as características dos sistemas de medição de vazão de gás natural, além de abordar as normas e regulamentos relacionados ao tema em questão. A fase experimental busca avaliar o desempenho do medidor por meio de uma investigação empírica realizada em laboratório, simulando condições de gás úmido encontradas em campo. Essa análise envolve também a determinação de erros e incertezas de medição. A pesquisa realizada, em conjunto com a avaliação dos resultados dos testes e das correlações utilizadas, demonstra que o medidor v-cone apresenta boa confiabilidade na medição de vazão de gás natural em escoamento de gás úmido, podendo ser utilizado em aplicações encontradas no segmento de E e P.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the metrological performance and potential of use of the v-cone type meter for measuring the natural gas flow rate under wet gas conditions. The orifice plate type meters, that are usually used to measure the gas flow rate in the Exploration and Production segment (E and P), may not represent the most appropriate technology. The v-cone meter represents a relatively recent technology, which has shown good performance for the flow rate measurement and is gaining acceptance from the regulators. The interest and motivation of the researcher are related to the quest for greater flow rate measurement accuracy in adverse operating conditions (unspecified wet gas), with no significant impact on the cost of the system. This work, through a literature and documentary search, presents the current stage of development of the v-cone flow rate measurement technology and details the characteristics of natural gas flow rate measurement systems, in addition to addressing the standards and regulations relating to the subject. The experimental phase aims to evaluate the meter performance through an empirical research conducted in laboratory, by simulating wet gas conditions found in the field. This analysis also involves the determination of measurement errors and uncertainties. The research and the evaluation of test results and correlations show that the v-cone meter has good reliability in natural gas flow rate measurement under wet gas conditions, allowing it to be used in applications found in E and P.
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Zheng, Yingna. "Investigation of heat transfer to pneumatically conveyed solids as a means to mass flow rate measurement." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492390.

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Mass flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids is a common requirement in many industrial processes. The direct approach of solids mass flow measurement, in which an appropriate sensing element is used, which responds directly to the mass flow rate is less likely to be affected by interfering and modifying factors. As a possible direct approach, several thermal methods have been investigated and developed over last two decades, however all implementations up to the present have significant drawback. A reliable non-invasive and direct thermal mass flow measurement technique needs to be developed further to achieve an efficient utilization of energy and raw materials.
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Books on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Kremlevskiĭ, P. P. Flow rate measurement in multiphase flows. New York: Begell House, 1999.

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Parchure, T. M. High-accuracy flow rate measurement for water supply and dredged slurry transport pipelines. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1997.

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Trimmer, Walter L. Estimating water flow rates. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.

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Kremlevskii, P. P. Flow Rate Measurement in Multiphase Flows. 2nd ed. Hemisphere Pub, 1996.

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Kremlevsky, P. P. Flow Rate Measurement in Multiphase Flows (SCME). Taylor & Francis Inc, 1999.

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Stankovic, Violeta. Mass flow rate measurement in pneumatic conveyors. Bradford, 1986.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Semiempirical method of determining flow coefficients for pitot rake mass flow rate measurements. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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Harry, Johnson, Margasahayam Ravi, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Nonintrusive flow rate determination through space shuttle water coolant loop floodlight coldplate. Kennedy Space Center, Fla: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1997.

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F, Chao David, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Flow visualization in evaporating liquid drops and measurement of dynamic contact angles and spreading rate. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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IGEM. Flow Rate Exceeding 6 M3 H-1 and Inlet Pressure Not Exceeding 38 Bar (Gas Measurement Procedures S.). Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Matsusaka, Shuji. "Concentration and Flow Rate Measurement." In Powder Technology Handbook, 575–80. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22268-70.

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Winkler, S., P. Turski, J. Holden, R. Koeppe, B. Rusy, and E. Garber. "Xenon Effects on CNS Control of Respiratory Rate and Tidal Volume — The Danger of Apnea." In Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Measurement, 356–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70054-5_54.

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Sander, Constantin, Ike Kunze, Klaus Wehrle, and Jan Rüth. "Video Conferencing and Flow-Rate Fairness: A First Look at Zoom and the Impact of Flow-Queuing AQM." In Passive and Active Measurement, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_1.

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Zhu, Zhicheng, Juan Kang, Qian Zhang, Yi Li, and Chunliu Zhao. "Optical Fiber Sensor for Steady Micro-flow Rate Measurement." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 114–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8595-7_14.

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Touze-Foltz, Nathalie, Camille Barral, Didier Croissant, and K. P. von Maubeuge. "Flow Rate Measurement in Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liners." In Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liners, 1–12. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156220120088.

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Hashimoto, Takuo, Norio Nakamura, Toshinori Kanki, Hideaki Shimazu, Ken-ichi Yamakoshi, Masakazu Gondoh, and Toshiaki Tamai. "A New Shunt System with Non-Invasive Flow Rate Regulation and Pressure Measurement." In Hydrocephalus, 422–31. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68156-4_42.

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Venkateshan, S. P. "Volume Flow Rate." In Mechanical Measurements, 315–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115571.ch9.

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Venkateshan, S. P. "Volume Flow Rate." In Mechanical Measurements, 343–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73620-0_9.

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Eisenhauer, T., H. Kaiser, J. Schrader, G. Sold, P. Kramer, U. Hüttig, F. Scheler, and H. Kreuzer. "Doppler Sonographic Measurement of the Blood-Flow Rate in the Extracorporeal Tubing System During Arteriovenous Hemofiltration." In Arteriovenous Hemofiltration, 115–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70370-6_17.

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Coggins, Marie A., Catherine B. Healy, Taekhee Lee, and Martin Harper. "Performance of High-Flow-Rate Samplers for Respirable Crystalline Silica Measurement Under Field Conditions: Preliminary Study." In Silica and Associated Respirable Mineral Particles, 125–38. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156520130141.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Cao, Yundong, Zhengchun Xie, and Chunguang Hou. "Flow rate measurement system using thermal air flow sensor." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274412.

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Ando, B., S. Baglio, and V. Marletta. "Selective measurement of volcanic ash flow-rate." In 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555637.

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Caré, Isabelle. "Measurement of flow rate at terminal device." In 16th International Congress of Metrology, edited by J. R. Filtz, B. Larquier, P. Claudel, and J. O. Favreau. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201302005.

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Suryawanshi, Arati, and Atul Joshi. "Urine flow rate measurement based on volumetric pressure measurement principle." In 2012 1st International Symposium on Physics and Technology of Sensors (ISPTS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispts.2012.6260961.

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"Measurement of mass flow rate as a complex flow problem." In Engineering Mechanics 2018. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/91-8-345.

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Kikura, Hiroshige, Sanehiro Wada, Masanori Aritomi, Michitsugu Mori, and Yasushi Takeda. "Development of Plus Ultrasonic Doppler Method for Flow Rate Measurements of Power Plant: Multiline Flow Rate Measurement for Non Developed Flow." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22574.

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Flow metering system is being developed using plus ultrasonic Doppler method. The principle is an integration of instantaneous velocity profile over a pipe diameter so that it is expected to be able to eliminate installation problems such as entry length as well as to follow transient flow rate precisely. Flow metering principle by plus ultrasonic Doppler method in a circular pipe depends on the alignment of measuring lines. In this paper, influence of number of measuring lines on the flow rate measurements for power plant have been investigated for non developed flows in a vertical pipe.
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Cavina, Nicolo, Alberto Cerofolini, Matteo De Cesare, and Federico Stola. "UEGO-based Exhaust Gas Mass Flow Rate Measurement." In SAE 2012 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1627.

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Huang Liang, Cai Maolin, and Wang Jiawei. "Instantaneous leakage flow rate measurement of compressed air." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536526.

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Qiu, Jianhang, and Haluk Toral. "Three-Phase Flow-Rate Measurement by Pressure Transducers." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26567-ms.

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Pandey, Amit. "Low Cost Sensor for Low Flow-Rate Measurement." In 2005 Sensors for Industry Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sicon.2005.257860.

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Reports on the topic "Flow rate measurement"

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Dannert, D. A., and R. N. Horne. Ultrasonic rate measurement of multiphase flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6878021.

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Dannert, D. A., and R. N. Horne. Ultrasonic rate measurement of multiphase flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130023.

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Porges, K. G., and E. D. Doss. Solids flow rate measurement in dense slurries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10121850.

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Moritsugu, Michiyasu, Tadayoshi Nakase, Makoto Okada, Yasuyuki Haseo, Kouji Morioka, and Kei Yuasa. CVT Fluid Flow Rate Measurement in CVT Lubricating Systems. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0413.

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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg, and Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.
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Robbins, Bryant, and Maureen Corcoran. Calculation of levee-breach widening rates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44163.

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Inundation modeling is often conducted for levee systems to understand current flood risks. The extent of inundation caused by a breach in the levee is highly influenced by the widening rate of the levee breach. This study presents an approach for calculating levee-breach widening rates based on average flow velocity through the breach, embankment height, and erosion characteristics of the soil. Estimates of soil erodibility are derived through an analysis of the measurements of soil erodibility presented in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 915 database. Levee-breach widening rate curves are calculated based on these erosion properties to demonstrate the approach, and default curves are presented for typical levees built from coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. While the most accurate approach for a site is to calculate site-specific widening rate curves based on estimates of local soil erodibility, the default curves presented provide a suitable starting point for initial inundation modeling.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Madrzykowski, Daniel, and Nicholas Dow. Residential Flashover Prevention with Reduced Water Flow: Phase 1. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jegf7178.

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This study was designed to be an initial step to investigate the potential of low flow nozzles as part of a retrofit flashover prevention system in residential homes with limited water supplies. Not all homes have water supplies that can meet the needs of a residential sprinkler system. Current alter- natives, such as including a supplemental tank and pump, increase the cost of the system. These homes could benefit from an effective fire safety system with lower water supply requirements. The experiments in this study were conducted in a steel test structure which consisted of a fire room attached to a hallway in an L-shaped configuration. Three types of experiments were conducted to evaluate nozzles at different flow rates and under different fire conditions. The performance of the nozzles was compared to the performance of a commercially available residential sprinkler. The first set of experiments measured the distribution of the water spray from each of the nozzles and the sprinkler. The water spray measurements were made without the presence of a fire. The other two sets of experiments were fire experiments. The first set of fire experiments were designed to measure the ability of a water spray to cool a hot gas layer generated by a gas burner fire. The fire source was a propane burner which provided a steady and repeatable flow of heat into the test structure. Two water spray locations were examined, in the fire room and in the middle of the hallway. In each position, the burner was shielded from the water spray. The results showed that for equivalent conditions, the nozzle provided greater gas cooling than the sprinkler. The tests were conducted with a fire size of approximately 110 kW, and water flow rates in the range of 11 lpm (3 gpm) and 19 lpm (5 gpm). The second set of fire experiments used an upholstered sofa as the initial source of the fire with the water spray located in the same room. As a result of the compartment size and water spray distribution, the nozzle flowing water at 23 lpm (6 gpm) provided more effective suppression of the fire than the sprinkler flowing 34 lpm (9 gpm) did. The nozzle was similarly effective with the ignition location moved 1.0 m (3.2 ft) further away. However, the nozzle failed to suppress the fire with a reduced water flow rate of 11 lpm (3 gpm). The results of this limited study demonstrate the potential of low flow nozzles, directly flowing water on to the fuel surface, with the goal of preventing flashover. Additional research is needed to examine larger room sizes, fully furnished rooms, and shielded fires to determine the feasibility of a reduced water flow flashover prevention system.
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Chisholm, S. W., and B. J. Binder. Measurement of Synechococcus in situ growth rates using flow cytometry and rRNA-targeted probes. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/355033.

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