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Journal articles on the topic 'Flow rate measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 May 2022

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1

Unsal, Bulent, Dimosthenis Trimis, and Franz Durst. "On-line Instantaneous Mass Flow Rate Measurements Through Injection Nozzles of Internal Combustion Engines(Measurement)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.653.

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2

Oddie, Gary, and J. R. Anthony Pearson. "FLOW-RATE MEASUREMENT IN TWO-PHASE FLOW." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 36, no. 1 (January 2004): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.121935.

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3

Agawa, Kuniharu, Hirohumi Kihara, Kaneyoshi Katsura, and Yasuo Koike. "Measurement of Air Flow Rate." Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl. 1988, Supplement24 (1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirinsuppl1986.1988.supplement24_1.

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4

KAMIWANO, Mitsuo, and Fumio SAITO. "Flow rate measurement with image sensors." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 22, no. 5 (1985): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.22.295.

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5

Catelani, M., L. Ciani, and M. Venzi. "Flow Rate AMS - Automatic Measurement System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 102008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/10/102008.

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6

Graham, Emmelyn, Kerstin Thiemann, Sabrina Kartmann, Elsa Batista, Hugo Bissig, Anders Niemann, Abir Wissam Boudaoud, Florestan Ogheard, Yu Zhang, and Michele Zagnoni. "Ultra-low flow rate measurement techniques." Measurement: Sensors 18 (December 2021): 100279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100279.

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7

Dindorf, Ryszard, and Piotr Wos. "Indirect Method of Leakage Flow Rate Measurement in Compressed Air Pipelines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 630 (September 2014): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.630.288.

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The paper deals with new indirect methods of leakage flow rate measurement in compressed air pipelines. In this method the measurement equipment has branch connection to the pipeline. The measurement method consists in determining the relation between air leakage flow rate in pipeline and the controlled air flow rate through adjustable throttle valve. Compressed air leakage flow rate in pipeline is calculated on the basis of pressure ratio measurements in two time intervals - during leakage without the controlled flow and with the controlled flow in branch line. The controlled air flow through the throttle valve is directly measured by flow meter.

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8

Ando, Bruno, Salvatore Baglio, and Vincenzo Marletta. "Selective Measurement of Volcanic Ash Flow-Rate." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, no. 5 (May 2014): 1356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2283587.

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9

Dubovikova, Nataliia, Yuri Kolesnikov, and Christian Karcher. "Flow rate measurement in aggressive conductive fluids." EPJ Web of Conferences 67 (2014): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146702022.

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10

Kawashima, Kenji, Toshiharu Kagawa, and Toshinori Fujita. "Instantaneous Flow Rate Measurement of Ideal Gases." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (May 6, 1996): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482439.

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In this paper, a chamber called an “Isothermal Chamber” was developed. The isothermal chamber can almost realize isothermal condition due to larger heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient by stuffing steel wool in it. Using this chamber, a simple method to measure flow rates of ideal gases was developed. As the process during charge or discharge is almost isothermal, instantaneous flow rates charged into or discharged from the chamber can be obtained measuring only pressure in the chamber. The steady and the unsteady flow rate of air were measured by the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the method was demonstrated. [S0022-0434(00)00301-4]

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11

Ohkubo, Tomoyuki, Yasushi Takeda, Michitsugu Mori, Kenichi Tezuka, and Hideaki Tezuka. "Error of Flow Rate Measurement using UVP." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2004 (2004): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2004.54.

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12

Taha, Saleem M. R. "Digital measurement of the mass-flow rate." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 45, no. 2 (November 1994): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(94)00825-6.

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13

Kelley, John P., and Haim H. Bau. "Ultrasonic flow rate measurement of low speed non-isothermal flows." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 12, no. 4 (July 1985): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(85)90033-8.

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14

Jian, Dandan, and Christian Karcher. "Electromagnetic flow rate measurement in turbulent liquid metal channel flow." PAMM 11, no. 1 (December 2011): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201110312.

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15

Reik, M., R. Höcker, C. Bruzzese, M. Hollmach, O. Koudal, T. Schenkel, and H. Oertel. "Flow rate measurement in a pipe flow by vortex shedding." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 74, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-010-0117-0.

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16

MEDEIROS, K. A. R., C. R. H. BARBOSA, and E. C. de OLIVEIRA. "NON-INTRUSIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING WATER FLOW RATE IN PIPE." Periódico Tchê Química 14, no. 27 (January 20, 2017): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v14.n27.2017.44_periodico27_pgs_44_50.pdf.

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The transducer most widely used for vibration measurement is the piezoelectric accelerometer. This application has been explored for flow rate measurement, since some studies have verified the narrow correlation between ratio of flow and vibration. The technique consists of measure the vibration induced by the flow in the pipeline, has been considered as promising, in the sense of enabling the development of a sensor that presents advantageous characteristics such as non-intrusiveness, non-invasiveness and reduced cost. This paper shows the method of measurement of flow in pipe based on vibration caused by transit of water, without the need of flow interruption or opening of pipe for installation of water meters. Further are present experimental measurements and metrological validation in laboratory accredited for calibration of flow meters.

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17

Evans, Robert P., Jonathan D. Blotter, and Alan G. Stephens. "Flow Rate Measurements Using Flow-Induced Pipe Vibration." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1667882.

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This paper investigates the possibility of developing a nonintrusive, low-cost, flow-rate measurement technique. The technique is based on signal noise from an accelerometer attached to the surface of the pipe. The signal noise is defined as the standard deviation of the frequency-averaged time-series signal. Experimental results are presented that indicate a nearly quadratic relationship over the test region between the signal noise and flow rate in the pipe. It is also shown that the signal noise–flow rate relationship is dependent on the pipe material and diameter.

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18

Vass, Sándor, and Máté Zöldy. "A model based new method for injection rate determination." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190417159v.

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This paper presents a detailed model of a Common Rail Diesel injector and its validation using injection rate measurement. A new method is described for injector nozzle flowrate determination using simulation and measurement tools. The injector model contains fluid dynamic, mechanic and electro-magnetic systems, describing all-important internal processes and also includes the injection rate meter model. Injection rate measurements were made using the W. Bosch method, based on recording the pressure traces in a length of fuel during injections. Comparing the results of the simulated injection rate meter, simulated injector orifice flow and injection rate measurements, the simulated and measured injection rates showed good conformity. In addition to this, the difference between nozzle flow rate and the measured flow rate is pointed out in different operating points, proving, that the results of a Bosch type injection rate measurements cannot be directly used for model validation. However, combining injector, injection rate meter simulation and measurement data, the accurate nozzle flow rate can be determined, and the model validated.

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19

TREENUSON, Weerachon, Nobuyoshi TSUZUKI, and Hiroshige KIKURA. "B225 Development of Flow Rate Measurement in the Bent Pipe using Ultrasonic Velocity Profile method." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2012.17 (2012): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2012.17.291.

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20

Lee, Chia Yen, Yu Hsiang Wang, Tzu Han Hsueh, Rong Hua Ma, Lung Ming Fu, and Po Cheng Chou. "A Smart Flow Sensor for Flow Direction Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.189.

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The purpose of this paper is to apply MEMS techniques to manufacture a gas flow sensor that consists with an airflow rate and airflow direction sensing units for detection of airflow states. This study uses a silicon wafer as a substrate which is deposited silicon nitride layers. To form the airflow rate sensing unit, a micro heater and a sensing resistor are manufactured over a membrane that released by a back-etching process. The airflow direction sensing unit is made of four cantilever beams that perpendicular to each other and integrated with piezoresistive structure on each micro-cantilever, respectively. As the cantilever beams are formed after etching the silicon wafer, it bends up a little due to the released residual stress induced in the previous fabrication process. As air flows through the airflow rate sensor, the temperature of the sensing resistor decreases and the evaluation of the local temperature changes determines the airflow rate. On the proposed sensor, the airflow direction can be determined through comparing the resistance variation caused by different deformation of cantilever beams at different directions.

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21

WADA, Sanehiro, Noriyuki FURUICHI, Takeshi SUZUKI, and Shuichi Ohmori. "Bubble diameter distribution measurement for onsite flow rate measurement using UVP." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2019 (2019): J05212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j05212.

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22

Kim, Ju Wan, Chunguang Piao, Jin Oh Kim, and Doo-Sik Park. "Comparison of Ultrasonic Paths for Flow Rate Measurement." Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 25, no. 7 (July 20, 2015): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2015.25.7.455.

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23

Bizjan, Benjamin, Brane Širok, and Jinpeng Chen. "Optical measurement of high-temperature melt flow rate." Applied Optics 57, no. 15 (May 16, 2018): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.004202.

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24

WADA, Sanehiro, Hiroshige KIKURA, Masanori ARITOMI, Yasushi TAKEDA, and Michitsugu MORI. "Multiline flow rate measurement using ultrasonic Doppler method." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2003 (2003): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2003.32.

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25

Yoshikawa, Nakatsugu, Kouzou Taguchi, and Tsunehiko Nakanishi. "Vehicle Flow Rate Measurement based on TV Picture." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 114, no. 11 (1994): 1154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.114.11_1154.

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26

Chen, Fang‐Chu, and Gabriel Weinreich. "Measurement of flow rate past a clarinet reed." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 4 (April 1993): 2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406116.

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27

Hester, Robert L., and B. J. Barber. "Drop interval flowmeter for low flow rate measurement." Microvascular Research 38, no. 3 (November 1989): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2862(89)90008-3.

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28

Wičar, Stanislav, Martin Svozil, and Pavel Šimík. "Automated low gas flow-rate calibrator." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 11 (1989): 3025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19893025.

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A new method of the absolute low gas flow measurement was developed. The method is based on the comparison of the known rate of a piston movement in a calibrated cylinder with the measured gas flow rate. Due to its compensating character, the method is extremely sensitive, and the relative error is given merely by the sensitivity of determining the pressure difference between the cylinder and atmosphere. The method is absolute as the apparatus constant is determined by such operations as weighing and frequency measurement.

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29

KOYAMA, Tetsuji, Hisanobu KAWASHIMA, Tsuneaki ISHIMA, and Tomio OBOKATA. "LDA Flow Rate Meter Applied to Transient Fuel Injection Rate Measurement." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 79, no. 803 (2013): 2486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.79.2486.

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30

WADA, Sanehiro, Hiroshige KIKURA, Masanori ARITOMI, Michitsugu MORI, and Yasushi TAKEDA. "Development of Pulse Ultrasonic Doppler Method for Flow Rate Measurement in Power Plant Multilines Flow Rate Measurement on Metal Pipe." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (March 2004): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2004.9715493.

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31

Kim, Joon-Hyung, Uk-Hee Jung, Sung Kim, Joon-Yong Yoon, and Young-Seok Choi. "Uncertainty analysis of flow rate measurement for multiphase flow using CFD." Acta Mechanica Sinica 31, no. 5 (September 25, 2015): 698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-015-0493-7.

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32

UMEZAWA, Shuichi, Katsuhiko SUGITA, Hiroshi SASAKI, Ryo NISHIWAKI, Naruki SHOJI, Kentaro KANATANI, Hideharu TAKAHASHI, and Hiroshige KIKURA. "Steam flow rate measurement using clamp-on type ultrasonic flow meter." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2018.23 (2018): B115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2018.23.b115.

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33

Fumizawa, Motoo. "Experimental Study on Flow Rate Measurement of Buoyancy-Driven Exchange Flow." Nuclear Technology 109, no. 2 (February 1995): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt95-a35056.

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34

RASHID HASAN, A., and DORAB N. BARIA. "Pressure Drop and Flow Rate Measurement in Lignite-Water Slurry Flow." Energy Sources 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908318708908679.

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35

UCHIYAMA, Yuta, Ryo MORITA, Shuichi UMEZAWA, and Katsuhiko SUGITA. "Flow rate measurement of wet steam flow by clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 86, no. 887 (2020): 20–00098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.20-00098.

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36

Mehdizad, Maral, Luke Fullard, Petrik Galvosas, and Daniel Holland. "Quantitative measurement of hopper flow using MRI." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124903006.

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To gain fundamental insight into granular flow behaviour, quantitative measurements of velocity and solid fraction are required. The aim of this study is to measure the solid fraction and velocity of 3D granular flows quantitively using a recently developed MRI method. Time-averaged spatial maps of the solid fraction and velocity are obtained for hoppers with wall angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. From these maps, the mass flow rate of the material was calculated along the height of the hoppers. Excellent agreement was observed between the MRI and gravimetric mass flow rate measurements, confirming the quantitative nature of the measurements. The resulting solid fraction and velocity measurements provide insight into the dynamics of granular flow.

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37

Dayev, Zhanat А., Gulzhan E. Shopanova, and Bakytgul А. Toksanbaeva. "Invariant method for measuring wet gas flow rate." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 6 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-6-13-19.

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The article deals with one of the important tasks of modern flow measurement, which is related to the measurement of the flow rate and the amount of wet gas. This task becomes especially important when it becomes necessary to obtain information about the separate amount of the dry part of the gas that is contained in the form of a mixture in the wet gas stream. The paper presents the principle of operation and structure of the invariant system for measuring the flow rate of wet gas, which is based on the combined use of differential pressure flowmeters and Coriolis flowmeters. The operation of the invariant wet gas flow rate measurement system is based on the simultaneous application of the multichannel principle and the partial flow measurement method. Coriolis flowmeters and the differential pressure flowmeter are used as the main elements of the system. The proposed measurement system does not offer applications for gases with abundant drip humidity. The article provides information about the test results of the proposed invariant system. The estimation of the metrological characteristics of the invariant system when measuring the flow rate of wet gas is given. The obtained test results of the invariant wet gas flow rate measurement system are relevant for natural gas production, transportation, and storage facilities.

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38

Dindorf, Ryszard, and Piotr Wos. "Test of measurement device for the estimation of leakage flow rate in pneumatic pipeline systems." Measurement and Control 51, no. 9-10 (November 2018): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018808681.

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Background: Indirect measurements of flow rate serve to determine air consumption, leakage values and characteristics of compressed air systems (CASs). Method: A new method of indirect flow rate measurement in a pneumatic pipeline system was developed. The method enables to measure the controlled leakage in a branch line and was used to construct automatic measuring systems auditing the compressed air systems piping. Results: First, the leak-testing instrument LT-I 200 was designed, constructed, and tested as portable measurement device for the estimation of air leakage flow rate in pneumatic pipeline system. Next, based on the authors’ patent, the automatic measuring system for the measurement of the leakage flow rate in industrial compressed air piping was developed. Conclusion: The measurement device was used to estimate of the leakage flow rate and cost of the energy losses in the compressed air piping system.

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39

Smith, Brian L., and Jared M. Ulmer. "Freeway Traffic Flow Rate Measurement: Investigation into Impact of Measurement Time Interval." Journal of Transportation Engineering 129, no. 3 (May 2003): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2003)129:3(223).

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40

Wada, Sanehiro, Hiroshige Kikurai, Masanori Aritomi, Yasushi Takeda, and Michitsugu Mori. "ICONE11-36615 DEVELOPMENT OF PULSE ULTRASONIC DOPPLER METHOD FOR FLOW RATE MEASUREMENTS OF POWER PLANT : Multiline flow rate measurement on metal wall pipe flow." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2003 (2003): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2003.453.

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41

Yamaguchi, Hiroki, Pierre Perrier, Minh Tuan Ho, J. Gilbert Méolans, Tomohide Niimi, and Irina Graur. "Mass flow rate measurement of thermal creep flow from transitional to slip flow regime." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 795 (April 20, 2016): 690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.234.

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Measurements of the thermal creep flow through a single rectangular microchannel connected to two tanks maintained initially at the same pressure, but at different temperatures, are carried out for five noble gas species, over a large range of pressure and for two temperature differences between the tanks. The time-dependent pressure variations in both cold and hot tanks are investigated, and the temperature-driven (thermal creep) mass flow rate between two tanks is calculated from these data for the rarefaction parameter ranging from the transitional to slip flow regime. The measured mass flow rate is compared with the numerical solution of the S-model kinetic equation, and they show good agreement. A novel approximate expression to calculate the temperature-driven mass flow rate in the transitional and slip flow regimes is proposed. This expression provides results in good agreement with the measured values of the mass flow rate. In the slip flow regime, the thermal slip coefficient is calculated by employing the previously reported methodology, and the influence of the nature of the gas on this coefficient is investigated. The measured values of the thermal slip coefficient agree well with the values available in the literature, indicating that this coefficient is independent of the shape of a channel.

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42

KOYAMA, Tetsuji, Hisanobu KAWASHIMA, Tsuneaki ISHIMA, and Tomio OBOKATA. "705 LDA Flow Rate Meter Applied to Transient Fuel Injection Rate Measurement." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2012 (2012): _705–1_—_705–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2012._705-1_.

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43

Atkinson, David I., Oyvind Reksten, Gerald Smith, and Helge Moe. "High-Accuracy Wet-Gas Multiphase Well Testing and Production Metering." SPE Journal 11, no. 02 (June 1, 2006): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/90992-pa.

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Summary Dedicated wet-gas flowmeters are now commercially available for the measurement of gas and liquid flow rates and offer a more compact measurement solution than does the traditional separator approach. The interpretation models of traditional multiphase flowmeters emphasize the liquid rate measurements and have been used to well test and meter mostly liquid-rich flow streams. These models were not developed for the measurement of gas flow rates, particularly those of wet gas. A new interpretation is described that allows a traditional multiphase flowmeter to operate in a dual mode either as a multiphase meter or as a wet-gas meter in 90 to 100% gas. The new interpretation model was developed for a commercially available multiphase flowmeter consisting of a venturi and a dual-energy composition meter. This combination results in excellent predictions of the gas flow rate; the liquid rate prediction is made with acceptable accuracy and no additional measurements. The wet gas and low-liquid-volume-fraction interpretation model is described together with the multiphase flowmeter. Examples of applying this model to data collected on flow loops are presented, with comparison to reference flow rates. The data from the Sintef and NEL flow loops show an error (including the reference meter error) in the gas flow rate, better than ± 2% reading (95% confidence interval), at line conditions; the absolute error (including the reference meter error) in the measured total liquid flow rate at line conditions was better than ± 2 m3/h (< ± 300 B/D: 95% confidence interval). This new interpretation model offers a significant advance in the metering of wet-gas multiphase flows and yields the possibility of high accuracies to meet the needs of gas-well testing and production allocation applications without the use of separators. Introduction There has been considerable focus in recent years on the development of new flow-measurement techniques for application to surface well testing and flow-measurement allocation in multiphase conditions without separating the phases. This has resulted in new technology from the industry for both gas and oil production. Today, there are wet-gas flowmeters, dedicated to the metering of wet-gas flows, and multiphase meters, for the metering of multiphase liquid flows. The common approach to wet-gas measurement relates gas and liquid flows to a "pseudo-gas flow rate" calculated from the standard single-phase equations. This addresses the need for gas measurement in the presence of liquids and can be applied to a limit of liquid flow [or gas volume fraction, (GVF)], though the accuracy of this approach decreases with decreasing GVF. The accurate determination of liquid rates by wet-gas meters is restricted in range. The application and performance of multiphase meters has been well documented through technical papers and industry forums, and after several years of development is maturing (Scheers 2004). Some multiphase measurement techniques can perform better, and the meters provide a more compact solution, than the traditional separation approach. It is not surprising that the use of multiphase flowmeters has grown significantly, the worldwide number doubling in little over a 2-year period (Mehdizadeh et al. 2002). Multiphase-flowmeter interpretation emphasizes the liquid rate measurement, and the application of multiphase flowmeters has been predominantly for liquid-rich flow stream allocation and well testing.

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44

Zhang, Qi, Wenzhou Ruan, Han Wang, Youzheng Zhou, Zheyao Wang, and Litan Liu. "A self-bended piezoresistive microcantilever flow sensor for low flow rate measurement." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 158, no. 2 (March 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2010.02.002.

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45

Werzner, E., S. Ray, and D. Trimis. "Proposed method for measurement of flow rate in turbulent periodic pipe flow." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 318, no. 2 (December 22, 2011): 022044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/318/2/022044.

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46

NISHIHARA, Takahiro, Masahiro TAKEI, Hiroshige KIKURA, Masanori ARITOMI, and Michitsugu MORI. "1113 A study for multilines flow rate measurement on open channel flow." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2005 (2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2005.169.

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47

Fumizawa, Motoo. "Flow Rate Measurement of Buoyancy-Driven Exchange Flow by Laser Doppler Velocimeter." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 59, no. 567 (1993): 3686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.59.3686.

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48

Peters, F., and T. F. Groß. "Flow rate measurement by an orifice in a slowly reciprocating gas flow." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 22, no. 1 (March 2011): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2010.12.008.

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49

Darwich, T. D., Haluk Toral, and J. S. Archer. "A Software Technique for Flow-Rate Measurement in Horizontal Two-Phase Flow." SPE Production Engineering 6, no. 03 (August 1, 1991): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/19510-pa.

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50

Wang, D. Y., N. D. Jin, Y. S. He, L. S. Zhai, and Y. Y. Ren. "Flow measurement of oil-in-water flows in vertical low flow rate and high water-cut flow conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 092010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/9/092010.

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