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Journal articles on the topic 'Flow Reactor Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Baxendale, Ian R., Christian Hornung, Steven V. Ley, Juan de Mata Muñoz Molina, and Anders Wikström. "Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 2 (2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12365.

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A bespoke microwave reactor with a glass containment cell has been developed for performing continuous flow reactions under microwave heating. The prototype unit has been evaluated using a series of standard organic chemical transformations enabling scale-up of these chemical processes. As part of the development, a carbon-doped PTFE reactor insert was utilized to allow the heating of poorly absorbing reaction media, increasing the range of solvents and scope of reactions that can be performed in the device.

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2

Kolios, Grigorios, and Gerhart Eigenberger. "Styrene synthesis in a reverse-flow reactor." Chemical Engineering Science 54, no. 13-14 (1999): 2637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00444-8.

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3

Bálint, Erika, Ádám Tajti, Katalin Ladányi-Pára, Nóra Tóth, Béla Mátravölgyi та György Keglevich. "Continuous flow synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates". Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, № 1 (2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0923.

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AbstractThe synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates was performed by the three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of primary amines, benzaldehyde derivatives and dialkyl phosphites in a continuous flow microwave reactor. The target compounds could be obtained in high (~90%) yields without any catalyst in simple alcohols as the solvent. The flow process elaborated required shorter reaction times and lower excess of the reagent, as compared to the “traditional” batch reactions, and allowed the synthesis of the α-aminophosphonates on a somewhat larger scale.

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4

Dragone, Vincenza, Victor Sans, Mali H. Rosnes, Philip J. Kitson, and Leroy Cronin. "3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (May 16, 2013): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.109.

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We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.

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5

Thomson, Christopher G., Ai-Lan Lee, and Filipe Vilela. "Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (June 26, 2020): 1495–549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.125.

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The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements. This reduces the

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6

Lindeque, Rowan, and John Woodley. "Reactor Selection for Effective Continuous Biocatalytic Production of Pharmaceuticals." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030262.

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Enzyme catalyzed reactions are rapidly becoming an invaluable tool for the synthesis of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These reactions are commonly performed in batch, but continuous biocatalysis is gaining interest in industry because it would allow seamless integration of chemical and enzymatic reaction steps. However, because this is an emerging field, little attention has been paid towards the suitability of different reactor types for continuous biocatalytic reactions. Two types of continuous flow reactor are possible: continuous stirred tank and continuous plug-flow. These react

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7

Klimenko, A. S., D. V. Andreev, S. A. Prikhod’ko, A. G. Gribovsky, L. L. Makarshin, and N. Yu Adonin. "The use of a microchannel reactor for optimizing the production of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 20, no. 1 (2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2020-1-40-49.

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The possibility to use microchannel flow reactors for obtaining kinetic and technological parameters of the synthesis of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) ionic liquid was demonstrated for the reaction of 1-methylimidazole (MIm) with 1-chlorobutane in the absence of solvents. BMIMCl was produced with high selectivity and specific output in a microchannel flow reactor at temperatures 120–180 °C and contact times 2-45 min at a pressure of 20 bar. The positive result is obtained due to the laminar profile of the flow and a uniform distribution of the reagents’ concentration over the m

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8

Bagley, Mark C., Vincenzo Fusillo, Robert L. Jenkins, M. Caterina Lubinu, and Christopher Mason. "One-step synthesis of pyridines and dihydropyridines in a continuous flow microwave reactor." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (September 30, 2013): 1957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.232.

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The Bohlmann–Rahtz pyridine synthesis and the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis can be carried out in a microwave flow reactor or using a conductive heating flow platform for the continuous processing of material. In the Bohlmann–Rahtz reaction, the use of a Brønsted acid catalyst allows Michael addition and cyclodehydration to be carried out in a single step without isolation of intermediates to give the corresponding trisubstituted pyridine as a single regioisomer in good yield. Furthermore, 3-substituted propargyl aldehydes undergo Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis in preference to Bohlma

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9

Li, Penglei, Lingen Chen, Shaojun Xia, and Lei Zhang. "Entropy Generation Rate Minimization for Methanol Synthesis via a CO2 Hydrogenation Reactor." Entropy 21, no. 2 (2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020174.

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The methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation (MSCH) reaction is a useful CO2 utilization strategy, and this synthesis path has also been widely applied commercially for many years. In this work the performance of a MSCH reactor with the minimum entropy generation rate (EGR) as the objective function is optimized by using finite time thermodynamic and optimal control theory. The exterior wall temperature (EWR) is taken as the control variable, and the fixed methanol yield and conservation equations are taken as the constraints in the optimization problem. Compared with the reference reactor wit

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10

Vepsäläinen, Mikko, David S. Macedo, Huan Gong, Marta Rubio-Martinez, Bita Bayatsarmadi, and Brandon He. "Electrosynthesis of HKUST-1 with Flow-Reactor Post-Processing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083340.

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Electrochemical synthesis has been proposed as an efficient method for cost-effective and large-scale production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This work investigates the combined electrochemical synthesis with flow synthesis post-treatment for the production of high surface area HKUST-1. The electrochemical synthesis process used in the experimental work did not require additional electrolytes or washing of the synthesis product. Batch electrosynthesis and electrosynthesis with flow synthesis were compared for the quality of the product using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-

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11

Zhang, Shu, Wei Wang, Hong Sun, and Dumitru Baleanu. "Numerical simulation of flow field in chemical vapor reactor for nanoparticle synthesized." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20031z.

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This paper provided a numerical simulation of fluid dynamics in the chemical vapor reactor for nanoparticle synthesis. Standard k-? turbulence equation and eddy-dissipation model with standard wall function were used to investigate the reaction process of turbulent diffusion for alumina production. Here the tempera?ture and the operating conditions are discussed. Numerical results show that the model can well describe synthesis of nanometer alumina. The chemical reactions for alumina by this reactor are mainly concentrated in the range of 200 mm after the nozzle. The materials are completely m

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12

Zhang, Shu, Wei Wang, Hong Sun, and Dumitru Baleanu. "Numerical simulation of flow field in chemical vapor reactor for nanoparticle synthesized." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20s1031z.

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This paper provided a numerical simulation of fluid dynamics in the chemical vapor reactor for nanoparticle synthesis. Standard k-? turbulence equation and eddy-dissipation model with standard wall function were used to investigate the reaction process of turbulent diffusion for alumina production. Here the tempera?ture and the operating conditions are discussed. Numerical results show that the model can well describe synthesis of nanometer alumina. The chemical reactions for alumina by this reactor are mainly concentrated in the range of 200 mm after the nozzle. The materials are completely m

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13

Okafor, Obinna, Andreas Weilhard, Jesum A. Fernandes, Erno Karjalainen, Ruth Goodridge, and Victor Sans. "Advanced reactor engineering with 3D printing for the continuous-flow synthesis of silver nanoparticles." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 2, no. 2 (2017): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00210b.

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3D printing has been employed to manufacture advanced reactor geometries based on miniaturised continuous-flow oscillatory baffled reactors (mCOBRs) and they have been applied for the fouling free continuous-flow synthesis of silver nanoparticles with optimal size control.

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14

Hornung, Christian H., Malcolm R. Mackley, Ian R. Baxendale, and Steven V. Ley. "A Microcapillary Flow Disc Reactor for Organic Synthesis." Organic Process Research & Development 11, no. 3 (2007): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op700015f.

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15

Nekhamkina, Olga, and Moshe Sheintuch. "Cross-flow reactor design for Fischer Tropsch synthesis." Chemical Engineering Journal 372 (September 2019): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.060.

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16

Andreev, D. V., L. L. Makarshin, A. G. Gribovskii, et al. "Triethanolamine synthesis in a continuous flow microchannel reactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 259 (January 2015): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.118.

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17

Lange, Paul P., Lukas J. Gooßen, Philip Podmore, Toby Underwood, and Nunzio Sciammetta. "Decarboxylative biaryl synthesis in a continuous flow reactor." Chemical Communications 47, no. 12 (2011): 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc05708h.

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18

Shukla, C. A., A. A. Kulkarni, and V. V. Ranade. "Selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in a continuous flow reactor." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 4 (2016): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5re00056d.

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In situ generated diazonium salts are useful intermediates for the synthesis of fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper presents a methodology for selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in continuous reactors.

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19

Knowles, Jonathan P., Luke D. Elliott, and Kevin I. Booker-Milburn. "Flow photochemistry: Old light through new windows." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (November 21, 2012): 2025–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.229.

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Synthetic photochemistry carried out in classic batch reactors has, for over half a century, proved to be a powerful but under-utilised technique in general organic synthesis. Recent developments in flow photochemistry have the potential to allow this technique to be applied in a more mainstream setting. This review highlights the use of flow reactors in organic photochemistry, allowing a comparison of the various reactor types to be made.

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20

Zhu, Ling Feng, Yi Ping Guo, Meng Cheng, et al. "Study on the Methanol Catalytic Synthesis from Biomass Syngas." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2524.

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In order to provide the scientific and practical basis to the industrial test of methanol catalytic synthesis from cornstalk syngas, the systemic research about the reaction conditions of methanol catalytic synthesis over a domestic Cu-based catalyst C301 was carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The reaction temperature, the cornstalk syngas proportion and the entrance syngas flow rate were optimized under the reaction pressure of 5MPa and the credible results were obtained.

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21

Nakamura, Hiroyuki, Masato Uehara, and Hideaki Maeda. "Nanocrystals Synthesis by Microreactors." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.652.

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A microreactor is a continuous flow reactor, which can control reaction conditions precisely. We applied the microreactors to CdSe based nanocrystals synthesis and tuning particle size, optical properties. Furthermore, homogeneous coating of ZnS and its coating amount tuning was possible for optical properties improvement.

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22

Panariello, Luca, Gaowei Wu, Maximilian O. Besenhard, et al. "A Modular Millifluidic Platform for the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Control over Dissolved Gas and Flow Configuration." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13041019.

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Gas–liquid reactions are poorly explored in the context of nanomaterials synthesis, despite evidence of significant effects of dissolved gas on nanoparticle properties. This applies to the aqueous synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, where gaseous reactants can influence reaction rate, particle size and crystal structure. Conventional batch reactors offer poor control of gas–liquid mass transfer due to lack of control on the gas–liquid interface and are often unsafe when used at high pressure. This work describes the design of a modular flow platform for the water-based synthesis of iron oxi

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23

Liu, Yawen, and Evgeny V. Rebrov. "Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020146.

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Composite magnetic catalysts containing different amounts of sulfated titania (33–50 wt %) have been prepared by means of high energy ball-milling between TiO2 and NiFe2O4. The catalysts have been characterized with N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, XRD, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic activity was measured in the reaction of aniline and 4-phenylbutyric acid in the continuous mode under conventional and inductive heating. The effect of catalyst loading in the reactor on reaction and deactivation has been studied, indicating the ca

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24

Brocken, Laurens, Paul D. Price, Jane Whittaker, and Ian R. Baxendale. "Continuous flow synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) via free radical polymerisation." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 2, no. 5 (2017): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7re00063d.

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The free radical polymerisation of aqueous solutions of acrylic acid (1) has been studied using a continuous flow reactor to quickly screen reaction parameters such as temperature, residence time, monomer- and initiator concentration.

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25

Liu, Zhendong, Kotatsu Okabe, Chokkalingam Anand, et al. "Continuous flow synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite on the order of seconds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 50 (2016): 14267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615872113.

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The hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites carried out in batch reactors takes a time so long (typically, on the order of days) that the crystallization of zeolites has long been believed to be very slow in nature. We herein present a synthetic process for ZSM-5, an industrially important zeolite, on the order of seconds in a continuous flow reactor using pressurized hot water as a heating medium. Direct mixing of a well-tuned precursor (90 °C) with the pressurized water preheated to extremely high temperature (370 °C) in the millimeter-sized continuous flow reactor resulted in immediate heating t

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26

Kartaev, E. V., V. P. Lukashov, S. P. Vashenko, S. M. Aulchenko, O. B. Kovalev, and D. V. Sergachev. "An Experimental Study of the Synthesis of Ultrafine Titania Powder in Plasmachemical Flow-Type Reactor." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 12, no. 1 (2014): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0001.

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Abstract Methods for controlling the synthesis of the submicron (including nanosized) powder of titanium dioxide (titania, TiO2) in a setup with a plasmachemical flow reactor were investigated. The synthesis of titania particles from gaseous titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in the plasmachemical reactor by the chloride method was experimentally studied. The processes of formation and growth of particles depending on the type of the plasma-forming gas, flow rates of TiCl4; and the quenching gas (air), reactor length, and mean-mass temperature in the reaction zone were considered. When using nitro

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27

LIU, Qiusheng, and Katsuya FUKUDA. "Reaction Rate of Liquid Phase Methanol Synthesis in Reactor with Circulating Flow." JOURNAL OF THE MARINE ENGINEERING SOCIETY IN JAPAN 34, no. 6 (1999): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime1966.34.394.

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28

Holmes, Nicholas, Geoffrey R. Akien, Robert J. D. Savage, et al. "Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 1 (2016): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5re00083a.

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29

Dunne, Peter W., Alexis S. Munn, Chris L. Starkey, Tom A. Huddle, and Ed H. Lester. "Continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis for the production of inorganic nanomaterials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2057 (2015): 20150015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0015.

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As nanotechnology becomes increasingly important and ubiquitous, new and scalable synthetic approaches are needed to meet the growing demand for industrially viable routes to nanomaterial production. Continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis or supercritical water hydrothermal synthesis (scWHS) is emerging as a versatile solution to this problem. The process was initially developed to take advantage of the tunable chemical and physical properties of superheated water to produce metal oxide nanoparticles by rapid nucleation and precipitation. The development of new mixing regimes and reactor desig

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30

Jamison, Timothy F., Timothy M. Monos, Jonathan N. Jaworski, and John C. Stephens. "Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Tramadol from Cyclohexanone." Synlett 31, no. 19 (2020): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690884.

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A multioperation, continuous-flow platform for the synthesis of tramadol, ranging from gram to decagram quantities, is described. The platform is segmented into two halves allowing for a single operator to modulate between preparation of the intermediate by Mannich addition or complete the fully concatenated synthesis. All purification operations are incorporated in-line for the Mannich reaction. ‘Flash’ reactivity between meta-methoxyphenyl magnesium bromide and the Mannich product was controlled with a static helical mixer and tested with a combination of flow and batch-based and factorial e

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31

Henini, Ghania, Fatiha Souahi, and Ykhlef Laidani. "Development of a Simulation Model for Controlling and Improving the Productivity of Batch Reactors." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, no. 1 (2013): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0014.

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This paper describes the development of a dynamic simulator model for a jacketed batch reactor equipped with a mono-fluid heating/cooling system. The Mono-fluid flows at constant flow-rate through the jacketed reactor. The heating and cooling are assured respectively by electrical resistance and two plate heat exchangers. A detailed description of the equations leading to the development of simulation model is presented. The model is based on writing the equations of the mass balance and the heat balance for the reactor and the thermal loop in unsteady state. To validate the simulation model,

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32

Eerikäinen, Hannele, Wiwik Watanabe, Esko I. Kauppinen, and P. Petri Ahonen. "Aerosol flow reactor method for synthesis of drug nanoparticles." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 55, no. 3 (2003): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00005-5.

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33

Tukacs, József M., Richard V. Jones, Ferenc Darvas, Gábor Dibó, Gábor Lezsák та László T. Mika. "Synthesis of γ-valerolactone using a continuous-flow reactor". RSC Advances 3, № 37 (2013): 16283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43032d.

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34

Kumar, Manjith, and Shekar Bhattacharya. "Flame synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline titania powders." Processing and Application of Ceramics 6, no. 3 (2012): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1203165k.

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Flame reactors are considered to be one of the most promising and versatile synthesis routes for the largescale production of submicron and nanosized particles. An annular co-flow type oxy-gas diffusion burner was designed for its application in a modular flame reactor for the synthesis of nanocrystalline oxide ceramics. The burner consisted of multiple ports for the individually regulated flow of a precursor vapour, inert gas, fuel gas and oxidizer. The nanopowders formed during flame synthesis in the reaction chamber were collected by a suitable set of filters. In the present study, TTIP was

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35

Briggs, Michael E., Anna G. Slater, Neil Lunt, et al. "Dynamic flow synthesis of porous organic cages." Chemical Communications 51, no. 98 (2015): 17390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc07447a.

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Two imine-based porous organic cages were successfully synthesised in continuous flow. The same flow reactor was then used to scramble the constituents of these two cages in differing ratios to form cage mixtures.

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36

Szabó, Balázs, Kiara Szakter, Angelika Thurner, Ferenc Faigl, János Éles, and István Greiner. "A Novel, Domino Synthesis of Tricyclic Benzimidazole Derivatives Using Continuous Flow." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14275.

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A novel method for synthesis of tricyclic benzimidazole derivatives by using continuous flow reactor is reported. Disadvantages of the well-known batch methods have been avoided utilizing the flow chemistry technology. Beside the one pot reductive cyclization using H-Cube Pro®, the dehydration step was also optimized producing the desired lactam compounds. Then the acylation was optimized under microwave conditions and that reaction was also integrated into the flow system using an Asia heater module. This acylation dramatically reduced the reaction time under continuous-flow conditions, with

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Riittonen, T., T. Salmi, J. P. Mikkola, and J. Wärnå. "Direct Synthesis of 1-Butanol from Ethanol in a Plug Flow Reactor: Reactor and Reaction Kinetics Modeling." Topics in Catalysis 57, no. 17-20 (2014): 1425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-014-0314-4.

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38

Hornung, Christian H., Miguel Á. Álvarez-Diéguez, Thomas M. Kohl, and John Tsanaktsidis. "Diels–Alder reactions of myrcene using intensified continuous-flow reactors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (January 19, 2017): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.15.

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This work describes the Diels–Alder reaction of the naturally occurring substituted butadiene, myrcene, with a range of different naturally occurring and synthetic dienophiles. The synthesis of the Diels–Alder adduct from myrcene and acrylic acid, containing surfactant properties, was scaled-up in a plate-type continuous-flow reactor with a volume of 105 mL to a throughput of 2.79 kg of the final product per day. This continuous-flow approach provides a facile alternative scale-up route to conventional batch processing, and it helps to intensify the synthesis protocol by applying higher reacti

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39

Waterford, Matthew, Simon Saubern, and Christian H. Hornung. "Evaluation of a Continuous-Flow Photo-Bromination Using N-Bromosuccinimide for Use in Chemical Manufacture." Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 8 (2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20372.

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A continuous-flow photo-bromination reaction on benzyl and phenyl groups was conducted using N-bromosuccinimide as the bromine source inside a preparatory-scale glass plate reactor. This flow reactor system was capable of independently controlling light intensity, wavelength, and reaction temperature, hence exerting an exceptional level of control over the reaction. A short optimisation study for the synthesis of 2-bromomethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester resulted in best conditions of 20°C and 10min residence time using an LED (light-emitting diode) array at 405nm and ac

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40

Smith, Laura K., and Ian R. Baxendale. "Flow synthesis of coumalic acid and its derivatization." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 5 (2018): 722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00116b.

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Coumalic acid is a valuable platform compound which can be prepared from malic acid, a biorenewable feedstock derived from glucose. Two flow syntheses of coumalic acid and a new heated rotating reactor are presented.

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41

Kasim, Noor Azilah Mohd, Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Shafreeza Sobri, and Nurjahirah Janudin. "Optimization of Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Chemical Vapor Deposition Method." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1535.

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Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using floating catalyst-chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) with ferrocene and benzene as catalyst and carbon source, respectively. Argon was used as a purging gas while hydrogen was used as a carrier gas. Hydrogen flow rate, reaction time and reactor temperature were varied to obtain high yield and purity of MWCNTs. The morphology and microstructures of MWCNTs produced were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that the maximum yield and purity of MWCNTs were produced at hydrogen flow rate of 300 ml/min with react

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42

Lei, Ming, Ruijun Hu, Yanguang Wang, and Hong Zhang. "Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-trizazoles via Click Reaction in Micro Flow Reactor." HETEROCYCLES 88, no. 2 (2014): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-13-s(s)51.

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43

Du, Li-Hua, Miao Xue, Meng-Jie Yang та ін. "Ring-Opening of Epoxides with Amines for Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols in a Continuous-Flow Biocatalysis System". Catalysts 10, № 12 (2020): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121419.

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An efficient method for the preparation of β-amino alcohols catalyzed by lipase TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus in a continuous-flow reactor was developed. The eco-friendly biocatalyst combined with continuous-flow reaction technology displayed high efficiency in the synthesis of β-amino alcohols. The benign reaction conditions (35 °C) and short residence time (20 min), together with the use of low cost and readily available starting materials, make this synthetic approach a promising alternative to current β-amino alcohol synthesis.

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Siraev, Ramil, Pavel Ilyushin, and Dmitry Bratsun. "Mixing control in a continuous-flow microreactor using electro-osmotic flow." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 16 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2021043.

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In recent years, pharmaceutical production has been stimulating the gradual miniaturization of continuous-flow chemical reactors. This process eventually resulted in the emergence of a new generation of microreactors. The advantages of these new reactor types are the flexible production that allows us to quickly reconfigure the scheme, small reactant quantities used for the synthesis, the control of the main reaction parameters with high accuracy. Nevertheless, a decrease in the thickness of the channels where the species contact and react forces us to search for new non-mechanical mechanisms

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45

Ding, Zhao Yong, Bao Min Sun, Yong Hong Guo, Bin Jia, and Jin Sheng Bi. "Effects of Temperature for Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.572.

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Pyramid sharp pyrolysis flame is a new method for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Oxy-acetylene flame outside the frustum of pyramid sharp reactor provides the necessary high temperature circumstance for carbon nanotubes synthesis, while inside the interior mixture of CO, H2, He, and iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) is heated. CO is used as the source of carbon, Fe(CO)5 as the source of catalyst precursor. Special structure of the frustum of pyramid sharp reactor makes the oxy-acetylene flame folded gradually above the reactor. And it meets the condition that the interior mixture which has reacted ini

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46

Lin, G. I., P. V. Samokhin, and M. A. Kipnis. "Synthesis of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether from CO2 and H2 Under Flow-Circulation Conditions." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 19, no. 6 (2019): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2019-6-436-444.

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In the context of utilization of carbon dioxide emissions, a study of the CO2 conversion to methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) under flowcirculation conditions, when a part of converted gas returns to the reactor, was carried out. Experimental data on the synthesis of methanol (commercial catalyst Megamax 507) and direct synthesis of DME (Megamax 507/commercial zeolite ZVM, weight ratio 1/1) are reported. In the methanol synthesis from syngas, vol.%: H2 – 76.6, CO2 – 19.8, N2 – 3.6 performed at 240–260 °C and pressure 5.3 MPa, a high conversion of CO2 was reached: 84–99.6% at a low selectivity

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47

Nitelet, Antoine, Vanessa Kairouz, Hélène Lebel, André Charette, and Gwilherm Evano. "Continuous Flow Chlorination of Alkenyl Iodides Promoted by Copper Tubing." Synthesis 51, no. 01 (2018): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610398.

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A simple continuous flow synthesis of alkenyl chlorides from the corresponding readily available alkenyl iodides in copper reactor tubing is described. A variety of alkenyl chlorides were obtained in good to excellent yields with full retention of the double bond geometry. The reaction time was reduced by a factor of 24–48 compared to the batch process.

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Wimmer, Eric, Daniel Cortés-Borda, Solène Brochard, Elvina Barré, Charlotte Truchet, and François-Xavier Felpin. "An autonomous self-optimizing flow machine for the synthesis of pyridine–oxazoline (PyOX) ligands." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 9 (2019): 1608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9re00096h.

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HIGUCHI, Ryo, Kazuhiro MIZUSHIMA, and Makoto IKEGAM. "Experimental Study of Methanol Synthesis Using A Flow Reactor Tube." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2003.40 (2003): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2003.40.73.

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Bondioli, Federica, Anna Bonamartini Corradi, Anna Maria Ferrari, and Cristina Leonelli. "Synthesis of Zirconia Nanoparticles in a Continuous-Flow Microwave Reactor." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91, no. 11 (2008): 3746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02666.x.

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