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Journal articles on the topic 'Flower pattern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Tian, Guidong, Qingni Yuan, Tao Hu, and Yi Shi. "Auto-Generation System Based on Fractal Geometry for Batik Pattern Design." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112383.

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In order to obtain the automatic simulation generation of traditional handmade batik patterns in a computer, this paper proposes the automatic generation method of batik flower patterns based on fractal geometry. Firstly, we analyze the fractal characteristics of batik flowers and design an automatic flower generation algorithm based on a two-dimensional iterated function system (IFS) and a curve function. The algorithm forms a complete flower pattern. Secondly, a nonlinear function is defined and the flower pattern is introduced into the nonlinear function to iterate and change. On this basis

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2

Plowright, C. M. S., and Y. G. Korneluk. "Mirror Image Pattern Matching By Bumble Bees." Behaviour 132, no. 1-2 (1995): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00306.

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AbstractBumble bees (Bombus impatiens) were trained to discriminate between a rewarding and non-rewarding artificial flower that differed only in their configuration of four identical petals. On choice tests between 2 empty flowers, the bees chose the flower with the configuration of the rewarding flower over the mirror image, but the mirror image over a novel flower. This behaviour is the same as has been observed with honey bees and functional interpretations are considered. The problem of distinguishing between left-right pattern reversals and true mirror image transformations is discussed.

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HANDAYANI, TRI. "Flower morphology, floral development and insect visitors to flowers of Nepenthes mirabilis." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 18, no. 4 (2017): 1624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180441.

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Handayani T. 2017. Flower morphology, floral development and insect visitors to flowers of Nepenthes mirabilis. Biodiversitas 18: 1624-1631. Nepenthes mirabilis Druce is a commercial ornamental pitcher plant belonging to the Nepenthaceae. This species is often used as a parent plant in artificial crossbreeding. The plant is also used in traditional medicine, rope-making, handicraft, and bouquets. Flower development and pollen maturity are important factors in pitcher plant crossbreeding. However, information about its flowering is still lacking. This study aimed to record the flower morphology

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Yuan, Yao-Wu, Alexandra B. Rebocho, Janelle M. Sagawa, Lauren E. Stanley, and Harvey D. Bradshaw. "Competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis produces spatial pattern variation of floral pigments between Mimulus species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 9 (2016): 2448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515294113.

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Flower color patterns have long served as a model for developmental genetics because pigment phenotypes are visually striking, yet generally not required for plant viability, facilitating the genetic analysis of color and pattern mutants. The evolution of novel flower colors and patterns has played a key role in the adaptive radiation of flowering plants via their specialized interactions with different pollinator guilds (e.g., bees, butterflies, birds), motivating the search for allelic differences affecting flower color pattern in closely related plant species with different pollinators. We

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HASSANKHAH, Amin, Majid RAHEMI, Mohamad Reza MOZAFARI, and Kourosh VAHDATI. "Flower Development in Walnut: Altering the Flowering Pattern by Gibberellic Acid Application." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 2 (2018): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211183.

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The pattern of walnut flowering varies depending on genetic and environmental factors. This research was carried out to study the patterns by which pistillate flowers develop as a result of applying gibberellic acid (GA3). To study the effect of gibberellin on flowering, we used a factorial test. Factor A was the diameter of the tree trunks, and three levels were considered (10 to 12 cm, 12 to 14 cm and 14 to 16 cm). Factor B was comprised of four levels of GA3 (0, 50,100 and 200 mg/lit). Different levels of GA3 were sprayed twice on the ‘Chandler’ cultivar, i.e. 2 and 4 weeks after flowering.

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Bossinger, G., and D. R. Smyth. "Initiation patterns of flower and floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Development 122, no. 4 (1996): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1093.

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Sector boundary analysis has been used to deduce the number and orientation of cells initiating flower and floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sectors were produced in transgenic plants carrying the Ac transposon from maize inserted between the constitutive 35S promoter and the GUS reporter gene. Excision of the transposon results in a blue-staining sector. Plants were chosen in which an early arising sector passed from vegetative regions into the inflorescence and through a mature flower. The range of sector boundary positions seen in mature flowers indicated that flower primord

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7

Bassett, Mark J. "New Genes, stp and stphbw, for Flower and Seedcoat Pattern in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 3 (1996): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.3.388.

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The inheritance of novel flower and seedcoat patterns was studied in three parental materials: PI 390775 and `Springwater Half Runner' (SHR), which have patterned flower and seedcoat colors, and 5-593, a Florida dry bean breeding line with unpatterned purple flowers and seeds. Using crosses between 5-593 and the other two parents, an analysis of F1, F2, backcross F2, and backcross F3 data demonstrated that a single recessive allele in each of the patterned parents controlled flower and seedcoat pattern. Genetic tester stocks were used to demonstrate that the recessive gene for patterning in PI

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Rivera, Guillermo L., Leonardo Galetto, and L. Bernardello. "Nectar secretion pattern, removal effects, and breeding system of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 12 (1996): 1996–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-239.

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Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Ligaria cuneifolia have been studied, addressing the following questions: (i) Are there temporal differences in the female and male functions? (ii) How do nectar composition, volume, concentration, and amount of sugar vary throughout the flower lifetime? (iii) How does the plant respond to nectar removal? (iv) What is the breeding system of this species? Flowers last 4 days. There is a predominance of the male function in the first days and of the female function in the last days. Chemical composition of nectar varies throughout the flower lifetime;

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9

Allen, Geraldine A. "Flowering pattern and fruit production in the dioecious shrub Oemleria cerasiformis (Rosaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (1986): 1216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-165.

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Male plants of Oemleria cerasiformis have a larger flower display and a longer flowering period than females, and tend to show greater phenological variability. Male inflorescences generally begin to flower sooner than females, but reach their peak and finish flowering later. Their longer blooming period is mainly the result of less synchronous flower opening in males. In both sexes flowering tends to be completed more rapidly in later inflorescences. Fruit set in females is positively correlated with time of flowering (r = 0.313) and inflorescence size (r = 0.421). Hand-pollination of female

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10

Kelber, A. "Innate preferences for flower features in the hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 4 (1997): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.4.827.

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The diurnal hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum is known to feed from a variety of flower species of almost all colours, forms and sizes. A newly eclosed imago, however, has to find its first flower by means of an innate flower template. This study investigates which visual flower features are represented in this template and their relative importance. Newly eclosed imagines were tested for their innate preferences, using artificial flowers made out of coloured paper or projected onto a screen through interference filters. The moths were found to have a strong preference for 440 nm and a weaker

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Tinoco-Ojanguren, Clara, and Francisco Molina-Freaner. "Flower orientation in Pachycereus pringlei." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 12 (2000): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-133.

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The orientation of flowers in columnar cacti has been a subject of great interest to plant biologists. The interpretation of this pattern has invoked warmer temperatures as the underlying factor. In this paper, we describe flower orientation in two populations of Pachycereus pringlei (S. Watson) Britton & Rose and propose a hypothesis of the underlying mechanism. Stems from the two populations showed a significant mean direction of their flowers, with most flowers (70-77%) present between 90 and 270°. Photosynthetic photon flux density interception and stem temperature reached maximum valu

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Bassett, Mark J., and Phillip N. Miklas. "A New Gene, bic, with Pleiotropic Effects (with T P V) for Bicolor Flowers and Dark Olive Brown Seed Coat in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 3 (2007): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.3.352.

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‘Painted Lady’ (Phaseolus coccineus L.) has bicolor flowers with vermilion banner petal and white wing petals. This flower color pattern is not known in common bean (P. vulgaris L.). The bicolor trait was backcrossed into common bean and its inheritance investigated, including allelism tests with other genes in common bean (T, P, and V) for flower color or pattern and brown seed coat. A pure line (line 33) with bicolor flower and dark olive brown seed coat was crossed to line 5-593 (no flower pattern and black seed coat). Data from the F2 and F3 progenies from that cross demonstrated that a si

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NeSmith, D. S., G. Hoogenboom, and D. W. Groff. "Staminate and Pistillate Flower Production of Summer Squash in Response to Planting Date." HortScience 29, no. 4 (1994): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.256.

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Staminate and pistillate flower production in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) fluctuates readily in response to the various crop production environments throughout the southeastern United States. `Dixie', `Senator `, `Lemondrop', `Meigs', and `Elite' squash were planted at various times over 2 years in Griffin, Ga., to determine the effect of planting date on staminate and pistillate flower counts for the first 2 weeks of flowering. Staminate and pistillate flower counts varied considerably depending on cultivar and time of planting, but no consistent pattern emerged. The production of stami

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Harrap, Michael J. M., Natalie Hempel de Ibarra, Heather M. Whitney, and Sean A. Rands. "Floral temperature patterns can function as floral guides." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 14, no. 2 (2020): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-020-09742-z.

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AbstractFloral guides are signal patterns that lead pollinators to floral rewards after they have located the flower, and increase foraging efficiency and pollen transfer. Patterns of several floral signalling modalities, particularly colour patterns, have been identified as being able to function as floral guides. Floral temperature frequently shows patterns that can be used by bumblebees for locating and recognising the flower, but whether these temperature patterns can function as a floral guide has not been explored. Furthermore, how combined patterns (using multiple signalling modalities)

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Blumthal, Meredith R., L. Art Spomer, Daniel F. Warnock, and Raymond A. Cloyd. "Flower Color Preferences of Western Flower Thrips." HortTechnology 15, no. 4 (2005): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.4.0846.

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Flower color preference of western flower thrips [WFT (Frankliniella occidentalis) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] was assessed by observing insect location after introduction into chambers containing four different colored flowers of each of three plant species: transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii), matsumoto aster (Callistephus chinensis), and chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum). Preference was based on the number of WFT adults found on each flower 72 hours after infestation. Significantly higher numbers of WFT were found on yellow transvaal daisy and yellow chrysanthemum. When these access

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Li, Yan, Caihua Dong, Ming Hu, et al. "Identification of Flower-Specific Promoters through Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Brassica napus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235949.

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Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is an economically important oil crop worldwide. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a threat to oilseed rape production. Because the flower petals play pivotal roles in the SSR disease cycle, it is useful to express the resistance-related genes specifically in flowers to hinder further infection with S. sclerotiorum. To screen flower-specific promoters, we first analyzed the transcriptome data from 12 different tissues of the B. napus line ZS11. In total, 249 flower-specific candidate genes with high expression in petals were identifi

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Howlett, B. G., S. F. J. Read, L. K. Jesson, A. Benoist, L. E. Evans, and D. E. Pattemore. "Diurnal insect visitation patterns to ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (August 8, 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.27.

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Different pollinators may vary in their temporal flower-visitation patterns within crops, potentially extending the period pollination may occur. To assess whether this could be the case in kiwifruit, we conducted standardised observational surveys of insects visiting kiwifruit flowers within 31 orchards at three times: 10:00—11:00, 12:00—13:00 and 14:00—15:00 hr. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) represented 92% of visitations (n=5474), but temporal abundances were uneven (predicted abundances were lower at 14:00—15:00 hr). Predatory hover flies (Melangyna, Melonostoma, Allograpta spp.) also showed

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18

Lee, Chiwon W. "Laboratory Exercise on the Segregation of Flower Color and Related Genes Using Velvet Flower (Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz et Pavon)." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (1999): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.589.

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Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpetlike flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla colors and pigmentation patterns. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm or 1.2 to 1.6 inches long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and flowers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads which can be separated and placed on the stigmatal surface. It takes eight to nine weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle that comes

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Jalil, Abdul Rahim, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Suhaimi Mohd Daud, and Mujahid Mohamad. "Intelligent Classification of Palm Oil Tree Pollination Using E-Nose." MEKATRONIKA 2, no. 1 (2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v2i1.6722.

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The pollination period is one of the crucial steps needed to ensure crop yield increases, especially in palm oil palm plantations. Most of the research has difficulty determining the pollination period of palm oil. Many problems contribute to this problem, such as difficut to reach and depedency of the polination insect as the insect activity is influenced by the surrounding enviroment.E-Nose can help determine the period by classifiy odour pattern of the male and female palm oil flower. The pattern of each of the flowers were classified using cased – based reasoning artificial intelligent tec

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Sui, Shunzhao, Jianghui Luo, Daofeng Liu, et al. "Effects of Hormone Treatments on Cut Flower Opening and Senescence in Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox)." HortScience 50, no. 9 (2015): 1365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1365.

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Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is a woody garden plant with fragrant flowers, which blooms in deep winter. The vase life of fresh cut flowers is 8–9 days. We applied ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; an ethylene action inhibitor) to test the role of ethylene in flower opening and senescence. In addition, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), two cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and zeatin (ZT) were also applied. The expression pattern of CpSRG1, a senescence-related gene, was analyzed. Ethylene treatment accelerated flower opening and senescence, decreasing vase life

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Kelber, Almut, and Michael Pfaff. "SPONTANEOUS AND LEARNED PREFERENCES FOR VISUAL FLOWER FEATURES IN A DIURNAL HAWKMOTH." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 45, no. 2-3 (1997): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1997.10676687.

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Macroglossum stellatarum is a diurnal member of the otherwise crepuscular sphin- gid family. The moths of this species are known to visit flowers of almost all colors, sizes, and patterns, but at a time, they are flower-constant. They are mainly attracted by the visual cues of flowers, odors being less important. The choices for flower-like objects differing in color, size, and pattern were analyzed in flight cages with free-flying animals of the laboratory livestock. Newly eclosed moths spontaneously choose 440 nm and 540 nm more frequently than other colors, radial patterns rather than ring

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Sakai, William S., and Trudy Hanohano. "STUDIES OF LIQUID FERTILIZATION OF ANTHURIUM." HortScience 29, no. 12 (1994): 1409c—1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1409c.

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Anthuriums appear to be very salt sensitive. Small plants of Anthurium andraeunum `Marian Seefurth' were fertilized daily with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm N of 12N-16P-30K + micros (75% nitrate-25% ammonium) liquid fertilizer corresponding to 0.50, 0.74, 0.98, 1.22, 1.45, and 1.69 mS·cm-1 of electrical conductivity (EC). After 1 year, flower production was greatest [5.2 flowers per plant (fl/pl)] at 0.50 mS·cm-1 (25 ppm N). Flower production decreased gradually with increasing EC to 3.9 fl/pl at 1.45 mS·cm-1 (125 ppm N), then dropped to 1.8 fl/pl at 1.69 mS·cm-1 (150 ppm N). Flower stem lengt

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Zhang, Teng, Mikolaj Cieslak, Andrew Owens, et al. "Phyllotactic patterning of gerbera flower heads." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (2021): e2016304118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016304118.

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Phyllotaxis, the distribution of organs such as leaves and flowers on their support, is a key attribute of plant architecture. The geometric regularity of phyllotaxis has attracted multidisciplinary interest for centuries, resulting in an understanding of the patterns in the model plants Arabidopsis and tomato down to the molecular level. Nevertheless, the iconic example of phyllotaxis, the arrangement of individual florets into spirals in the heads of the daisy family of plants (Asteraceae), has not been fully explained. We integrate experimental data and computational models to explain phyll

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Guitián, Javier, and Luis Navarro. "Allocation of reproductive resources within inflorescences of Petrocoptis grandiflora (Caryophyllaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 9 (1996): 1482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-178.

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Patterns of fruit set were studied in Petrocoptis grandiflora, a species endemic to the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. This plant has a dichasial inflorescence in which the central flower opens first, followed by first-order lateral flowers and then second-order lateral flowers. We investigated whether flowers at different positions in the inflorescence differ in duration, ovule number, nectar production, or probability of fruit set. Our results indicate that mean duration, ovule number, nectar volume, and probability of fruit set are higher for central than for lateral flowers. Fruit set was

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Bode, Robert Frederick, and Catherine Dufresne. "Natural selection on flower size in invasive Cytisus scoparius along an elevation gradient." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 2 (2019): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtz058.

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Abstract Aims Established invasive plant species have more diverse gene pools than single populations in their home range. This genetic and often phenotypic variation allows for natural selection to act and produce rapid adaptations as an invasive species interacts with other members of the community. For an invasive flowering plant, interactions with pollinators may lead to adaptations to a heterogeneous pollinator community. The variation in the pollinator community in the invaded range is similar to variation in the native range, suggesting that adaptations may mirror patterns seen in the h

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Kim, Hie Lim, Mineyo Iwase, Takeshi Igawa, et al. "Genomic Structure and Evolution of Multigene Families: “Flowers” on the Human Genome." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/917678.

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We report the results of an extensive investigation of genomic structures in the human genome, with a particular focus on relatively large repeats (>50 kb) in adjacent chromosomal regions. We named such structures “Flowers” because the pattern observed on dot plots resembles a flower. We detected a total of 291 Flowers in the human genome. They were predominantly located in euchromatic regions. Flowers are gene-rich compared to the average gene density of the genome. Genes involved in systems receiving environmental information, such as immunity and detoxification, were overrepresented in F

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Ohashi, Kazuharu, and Tetsukazu Yahara. "Effects of flower production and predispersal seed predation on reproduction in Cirsium purpuratum." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 2 (2000): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-182.

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Researchers have often assumed that the reproductive success of a plant increases with flower production. However, if predispersal seed predation also increases with flower production, this may counteract the increase in reproductive success expected with such increased flower production. To investigate this, we examined the effect of flower number and predispersal seed predation on seed production in two field populations of Cirsium purpuratum (Maxim.) Matsum. At both sites, the proportion of seeds or heads preyed upon per plant increased with the number of flowers (florets or heads) on each

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Chanon, Ann M., Pablo S. Jourdan, and Joseph C. Scheerens. "(233) Comparison of Inflorescence Morphology, Anthesis and Floral Sex Expression in Bottlebrush and Red Buckeye." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1020B—1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1020b.

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As a prelude to interspecific hybridization, we compared the floral biology of bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora) and red buckeye (A. pavia) by examining inflorescence morphology, pattern of floral anthesis, sex expression, and the effects of panicle decapitation on complete flower development. Inflorescences of both species (n = 1606) were randomly selected and analyzed for length, total number of flowers and complete flower number and location. The pattern of anthesis was observed in four genotypes using 10–30 inflorescences per plant. For each flower, its date of anthesis, position o

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Cai, Dongna, Zhi Li, and Yongjian Huai. "3D Reconstruction and Visual Simulation of Double-Flowered Plants Based on Laser Scanning." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 10 (2019): 1955013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419550139.

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Flower plants have become a major difficulty in virtual plant research because of their rich external morphological structure and complex physiological processes. Computer vision simulation provides powerful tools for exploring powerful biological systems and operating laws. In this paper, Chrysanthemum and Chinese rose, double flowers as the symbolic flowers of Beijing, are chosen as the study subject. On the basis of maximizing the protection of flower growth structure, an effective method based on laser scanning for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visual simulation of flower plant

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Kim, Youn Hwa. "Phenomenological Meaning of Lotus Flower Pattern Symbolism." KOREA SCIENCE & ART FORUM 12 (April 30, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2013.04.12.25.

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Lacks, G. D., and H. T. Stalker. "Isozyme Analyses of Arachis Species and Interspecific Hybrids1." Peanut Science 20, no. 2 (1993): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-2-3.

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Abstract To better estimate diversity within the cultivated peanut, germplasm representing 33 South American peanut accessions from six countries was evaluated for isozyme polymorphisms. Only three of 18 isozymes—glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) — were consistently variant, each displaying two banding patterns. The variant banding patterns were observed in 18, 9, and 9% of the genotypes for GOT, IDH, and PHI, respectively. Isozyme variation in A. hypogaea could not be associated with subspecies or botanical variety. Th

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Loh-Mousavi, Mohsen, Mehrdad Rostami, and Mahmoud Farzin. "Laser Forming of Steel Dome-Shaped Parts Using a Flower Pattern." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.71.

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In recent years, laser forming of round plates into bowl or dome shapes by use of circular, radial and circular-radial patterns have been investigated. Usually formed circular plates using circular or linear patterns are distorted as asymmetric saddle shapes. In this study, a new flower pattern has been proposed to form round plates by laser. To make this pattern, the laser beam scans several petal paths on a circular blank. Laser forming of round plates by the proposed pattern have been studied by three dimensional finite element method. The results have been compared for the flower pattern a

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Nuru, Adgaba, Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi, Yilma T. Tena, Awraris G. Shenkut, Mohammad J. Ansari, and Anwer Al-Maktary. "Floral Phenology, Nectar Secretion Dynamics, and Honey Production Potential, of Two Lavender Species (Lavandula Dentata, and L. Pubescens ) in Southwestern Saudi Arabia." Journal of Apicultural Science 59, no. 2 (2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2015-0028.

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AbstractThe aim of the current study was to determine the floral phenology, nectar secretion dynamics, and honey production potentials of two naturally growing lavender species (L. dentata and L. pubescens), in southwestern Saudi Arabia. In both species, flowering is continuous. This means that, when open flowers on a spike are shaded, new flowers emerge. Such a flowering pattern might be advantageous to the plant to minimise competition for pollinators and promote efficient resource allocation. The flowering periods of the two species overlap. Both species secreted increasing amounts of necta

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Shellabear, MA, DC Joyce, and MH Cake. "Starch-iodine staining patterns in petals of cut roses." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 1 (1993): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930103.

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The starch distribution pattern and decline in starch content of Sonia rose petals were examined by starch-iodine staining. Flowers were harvested and held in 150 mg/L of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DICA) or 150 mg DICA/L + 2% (w/v) sucrose, or were left on the plant. Starch was degraded initially from the outer margins of petals, then from the interveinal area nearest the petal margins, and finally towards the petal bases. Starch was first lost from the outermost petal and then sequentially towards the innermost petals. The rate of starch degradation was slowest in flowers left on the plant,

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Bassett, Mark J. "Inheritance of Scarlet Color and Vein Pattern in Flowers and Oxblood Red Seedcoat Color Derived from the Interspecific Cross of Common Bean with Scarlet Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 4 (2003): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.4.0559.

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The genetics of the vermilion flower color (more orange than scarlet or salmon red) of Phaseolus coccineus L. is largely unknown, but the gene Sal for salmon red is the gene essential for its expression. Lamprecht line M0169 (PI 527868) expresses salmon red flowers with vein pattern on the wing petals and black seedcoats. M0169 (Sal Am and an unknown gene that inhibits the scarlet flower color expression of Am) was crossed with v BC3 5-593 (sal am and no inhibitor gene, expressing white flowers and mineral brown seedcoats). Line 5-593 is a Florida dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) line used as

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Johnson, KA, DA Morrison, and G. Goldsack. "Postfire Flowering Patterns in Blandfordia nobilis (Liliaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940049.

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Blandfordia nobilis Smith (Liliaceae) is a small herbaceous monocotyledon that resprouts from a rhizomatous corm after fire. The complex pattern of flowering shown in the five years following a fire in January 1987 was investigated for five populations near Sydney. This pattern was then related to concurrent changes in soil chemistry. Most (60%) plants flowered in the first post-fire flowering season (November-January), but this dropped to fewer than 20% of the plants flowering by the third or fourth season. Most plants flowered only once, but almost all plants did flower. Consequently, 35% of

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Han, Qingyan, Zhu Lu, Wei Gao, et al. "Controlling upconversion luminescence patterns in space with red emission enhancement from a single fluoride microcrystal by tuning the excitation mode." RSC Advances 9, no. 31 (2019): 17537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03182k.

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The UC luminescence patterns can be controlled from the flower-like emission pattern to the red flame-like irradiation pattern with a red luminescence enhancement for a single lanthanide-doped fluoride material by varying the excitation position.

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Hartley, Gwendolyn, and Robert G. Anderson. "PRODUCTION OF SATIN FLOWER POTTED PLANTS FROM CUTTINGS." HortScience 25, no. 8 (1990): 865a—865. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.865a.

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Satin flower (Clarkia amoena subsp. whitneyi; syn. Godetia whitneyi) is a cool temperature, high light plant used as a cutflower in Japan, Europe and California. The stiking flower color patterns, large, long-lasting flowers and branching pattern could make this plant an important potted flowering plant. Cuttings, 6-8 cm long with flower buds (0.5-2.0 cm long), were harvested from secondary and tertiary stems of field-grown pinched plants of `Grace Red'. Cuttings were rooted in intermittent mist and potted in 10 cm pots two weeks later. The terminal flower buds and stem tip were removed one we

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Bowman, J. L., H. Sakai, T. Jack, D. Weigel, U. Mayer, and E. M. Meyerowitz. "SUPERMAN, a regulator of floral homeotic genes in Arabidopsis." Development 114, no. 3 (1992): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.3.599.

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We describe a locus, SUPERMAN, mutations in which result in extra stamens developing at the expense of the central carpels in the Arabidopsis thaliana flower. The development of superman flowers, from initial primordium to mature flower, is described by scanning electron microscopy. The development of doubly and triply mutant strains, constructed with superman alleles and previously identified homeotic mutations that cause alterations in floral organ identity, is also described. Essentially additive phenotypes are observed in superman agamous and superman apetala2 double mutants. The epistatic

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Roy, S., MA Islam, A. Sarker, et al. "Morphological characterization of lentil accessions: Qualitative characters." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (2013): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13447.

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Wide variability was observed for all the characters among 110 lentil accessions. Stem colour varied from normal green (45%) to purple (55%). Prominent and rudimentary tendrils were found in 60% and 40% of the accessions, respectively. Among the characters, flower colour showed the highest variation. White flower colour was observed in 49%, violet in 28%, white with blue veins in 20% accessions and the rest 3% were with blue flowers. Red cotyledon was shown by 90% while with yellow was shown by 10% of the accessions. Green, grey and brown seed coat was observed in 10, 66 and 24% of the accessi

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Zaiter, H. Z., and S. G. Barakat. "Flower and pod abortion in chickpea as affected by sowing date and cultivar." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 2 (1995): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-056.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flowers abundantly but a large proportion of its flowers and pods abscise. The objective of this study was to quantify the variation in the flower number and the fate of flowers as affected by sowing date and cultivar, with the aim of understanding the significance of the variability to final yield. The production and fate of chickpea flowers were studied on two cultivars (Janta-2 and Lebanese Local) sown on 9 December 1992 and 17 February 1993 at the American University of Beirut Farm, Beka'a Valley, Lebanon. The pattern of flower production, pod rentention, numb

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Masierowska, Marzena. "Floral phenology, floral rewards and insect visitation in an ornamental species Geranium platypetalum Fisch. and C. A. Mey., Geraniaceae." Acta Agrobotanica 65, no. 2 (2012): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.055.

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This 4-year study examined the flowering pattern, floral display, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation to a perennial <i>Geranium platypetalum</i> Fisch. and C. A. Mey. <i>G. platypetalum</i> bloomed from the end of May until the end of June. The pattern of flowering shows the skewed distribution with a tendency towards a more symmetrical curve. The flower display size fluctuated during the flowering season. The most intense blooming fell in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> flowering week. The flowers exhibit incomplete

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Stufkens, M. A. W., and D. A. J. Teulon. "Distribution host range and flight pattern of the lettuce aphid in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6027.

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The lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) was first reported in New Zealand on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in Canterbury in March 2002 During autumn 2002 the lettuce aphid was collected in three suction traps (75 m high) around Canterbury Within one year it had spread to all of the main lettuce growing regions of the country mostly as a result of transporting aphidinfested fresh lettuce or lettuce seedling transplants to these regions It was found on its primary host Ribes spp (eg currants and gooseberries) and moved to its secondary hosts (eg lettuce and weeds) in late spring having survived the

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Charlton, W. A. "Studies in the Alismataceae. IX. Development of the flower in Ranalisma humile." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 12 (1991): 2790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-349.

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The solitary flower of Ranalisma humile has three sepals, three petals, 8–12 stamens, and numerous carpels. The first six stamens appear to arise in pairs associated with the petal primordia. With respect to the perianth and the first six stamens, the flower conforms to the basic trimerous pattern detected in other Alismatalean flowers, but it differs in other aspects of development. Organogenesis is unidirectional during the period of sepal and petal initiation, since both sepal and petal initiation occur first on the same side of the flower bud. After the initiation of the first six stamens

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Wessinger, Carolyn A., and Lena C. Hileman. "Parallelism in Flower Evolution and Development." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 51, no. 1 (2020): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124511.

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Flower evolution is characterized by widespread repetition, with adaptations to pollinator environment evolving in parallel. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the developmental basis of adaptive floral novelties—petal fusion, bilateral symmetry, heterostyly, and floral dimensions. In this article, we describe patterns of trait evolution and review developmental genetic mechanisms underlying floral novelties. We discuss the diversity of mechanisms for parallel adaptation, the evidence for constraints on these mechanisms, and how constraints help explain observed macroevolutionar

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Park, Ki-Weon. "A Study of Up-Style design Using Dancheong Pattern from Flower Patten." Korean Society of Beauty and Art 20, no. 3 (2019): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2019.20.3.279.

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Diggle, Pamela K. "Labile sex expression in andromonoecious Solanum hirtum: pattern of variation in floral structure." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 9 (1991): 2033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-256.

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Comparison of hermaphrodite and staminate flowers of andromonoecious Solanum hirtum must consider two sources of morphological variation: variation due to differences in flower position and variation due to conditions that affect sex expression. In S. hirtum, positional variation occurs among hermaphrodite flowers of unpollinated plants; flowers vary quantitatively but not functionally with position on the inflorescence. On inflorescences of pollinated, fruit-bearing plants, flowers vary both quantitatively and functionally with position such that flowers borne distally are functionally stamin

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ABRAHAMCZYK, STEFAN, STEVEN JANSSENS, LÁZARO XIXIMA, BARBARA DITSCH, and EBERHARD FISCHER. "Impatiens pinganoensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Angola." Phytotaxa 261, no. 3 (2016): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.3.

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A new species, Impatiens pinganoensis is described from northern Angola. It belongs to the Impatiens filicornu complex and is closely related to I. filicornu from western central Africa, but differs in the decurrent petiole base, developing into cork ridges at older stems, its flower shape, i.e. the upper lateral petals laterally overtopping the lower lateral petals and by its characteristic white flowers with the mauve centre and wing-like pattern on the upper lateral petals. A table with flower characters of all species of the I. filicornu complex is presented for comparison. Additionally, s

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Aisyah, Yuliani, Sri Haryani, and Rulita Maulidya. "Pengaruh Jenis Bunga Dan Waktu Pemetikan Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata)." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jtipi.v8i2.6398.

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Essential oil is oil produced from plant extracts which is volatile at room temperature and has a unique fragrant smell as such its plant source. Cananga flower produces essential oil. This oil has antibacterial properties since it contains karyophyllene. This kind of oil was extracted by using steam and water method. Antibacterial test was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using disc diffusion method with 200 uL concentration. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) with factorial pattern containing two factors. The first factor was type of flowe

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Liscovsky, Iris Josefina, María Teresa Cosa, and Gloria E. Barboza. "Flower vascularisation in Solanaceae: a particular pattern inMetternichiaJ.G.Mikan." Adansonia 31, no. 2 (2009): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2009n2a11.

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