Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flowers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flowers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Flowers"

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Mbulu, Maria Magdalena Kristiani, I. A. Rina Pratiwi Pudja, and Ni Luh Yulianti. "Pemanfaatan Air Kelapa Dan Asam Sitrat Sebagai Larutan Peraga Menggunakan Teknik Holding Untuk Memperpanjang Masa Kesegaran Bunga Potong Krisan (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) Tipe Spray." Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) 7, no. 1 (2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbeta.2019.v07.i01.p06.

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This research aims to obtain the best concentration of coconut water and citric acid as a solution to extend Chrysanthemum cut flowers’ freshness period. The research is consisted of 25 experimental units, each experiment was repeated twice to gain 50 experimental units. The research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with an experimental factor. The factor is a combination of coconut water and citric acid. The concentration of coconut water which was used 0%, 4%, 8%,12% and 16% meanwhile the concentrations of citric acid which was used 0 ppm,100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm. The
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Bassett, Mark J. "Interaction of Two Genes, Fcr and Fcr2, with the t Allele in Common Bean that Restores Color to Flowers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (1993): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.881.

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Plant Introduction (PI) accession 507984 of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has partly colored seed coats and either pure white flowers or light laelia flowers. Crosses were made with white-flowered plants of PI 507984: white-flowered plant #1 × the genetic stock t ers ers2 BC2 5-593 and white-flowered plant #2 × recurrent parent dry bean breeding line 5-593. Inheritance was studied in the F1, F2, and F3 of the former cross and the F1 and F2 of the latter cross. PI 507984 (white flower, plant #1) × t ers ers2 BC2 5-593 gave F1 plants with colored flowers and partly colored seeds. The F2 ga
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Lubell, Jessica D., and Mark H. Brand. "Flower Color, Color Stability, and Flower Longevity in Red-flowered Elepidote Rhododendrons." HortTechnology 27, no. 5 (2017): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03792-17.

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Red-flowered elepidote rhododendrons (Rhododendron sp.) are favored by consumers, but cold-hardy red-flowered rhododendrons frequently have blue-red flower hue rather than the preferred red flower hue. Flower longevity, color, and color stability over 14 days were studied for the following eight elepidote rhododendron cultivars possessing red flowers: Besse Howells, Burma, Cary’s Red, Firestorm, Francesca, Henry’s Red, Low Red Frilled, and Nova Zembla. The eight cultivars were separated by flower hue into two distinct groups of four cultivars each. Rhododendron cultivars Burma, Firestorm, Fran
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Ramadhani, I. A. M. R., and A. Salamah. "Study of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Flower Development: Morphological Variations in an Urban Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012015.

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Abstract Cananga odorata is a native plant in the Indonesian archipelago. The flowers are often used to produce essential oils with many uses and a distinct fragrance. This study aims to observe each stage of the Cananga odorata flower development. The flowers were obtained from a home garden in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, from November 2020 until January 2021. Further observations of the stamen and pistil developments were conducted using Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope AM4115 Series. The results show that Cananga odorata flower development can be categorized into bud, display-petal, initi
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Zhang, Donglin, A. M. Armitage, J. M. Affolter, and M. A. Dirr. "543 Flowering and Growth Response to Photoperiod and Cold Treatment of Arabis sturii Mottet." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 539D—539. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.539d.

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Arabis sturii Mottet (Brassicaceae) has potential as a new crop for American nurseries and may be used as a perennial pot plant. Cold treatment was required for flowering of Arabis sturii and a 6-week cold treatment resulted in the greatest number of racemes and flowers per plant. Increasing or decreasing length of cold treatment resulted in less flowers per plant. Plant height increased as duration of cold treatment increased. Photoperiod had a significant effect on flowering and growth only after plants received 3 weeks or more cold treatment. All plants given a 16-h photoperiod flowered, wh
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Kan, Pei-Wen, Yu-Ching Cheng, and Der-Ming Yeh. "Mechanism of Leaf Vein Coloration and Inheritance of Leaf Vein Color, Flower Form, and Floral Symmetry in Gloxinia." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 146, no. 3 (2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05034-20.

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Double-flowered gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) cultivars with foliar variegation might have a greater market appeal as flowering foliage plants. Crosses were made among 16 gloxinia cultivars and their progenies were analyzed to determine the inheritance of leaf vein color, flower form, and floral symmetry. All plants from self-pollinating white-veined cultivars or crosses between white-veined and green-veined cultivars produced white veins. Progeny derived from self-pollinating plants of white-veined cultivars × green-veined cultivars segregated into a ratio of 3 white-veined:1 green-veined. Al
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Griesbach, R. J., and R. A. Waterworth. "464 The Biochemical Basis for Purple, Blue and Red Flower Colors in Calibrachoa LaLlave & Lexarza." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 474A—474. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.474a.

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Recently, several new Calibrachoa La Llave & Lexarza cultivars have been developed with novel red and blue flowers. Most of the wild species of Calibrachoa have purple flowers. The difference in color between the red, blue, and purple flowers was not due to anthocyanin composition but to vacuolar pH. The pH of the red flowered cultivar was 4.8, while that of the blue flowered cultivar was 5.6. The wild purple flower species had an intermediate pH of 5.0. The difference in pH was genetically inherited.
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Wolfe, Lorne M. "REGULATION OF SEX EXPRESSION IN DESERT AND MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS OF AN ANDROMONOECIOUS PLANT (GAGEA CHLORANTHA, LILIACEAE)." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 46, no. 1 (1998): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1998.10676703.

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This study examined issues related to the ecology of andromonoecy in Gagea chlorantha (Liliaceae), a perennial geophyte that grows in desert and Mediterranean-type habitats in Israel. Andromonoecy is a plant sexual system where individuals produce both male and hermaphrodite flowers and is thought to have evolved to optimize resource allocation to male and female function. Individuals of this species produced 1–6 flowers, and flower production was significantly correlated with the size of the storage organ (bulb). Three sexual phenotypes were found to exist: those that made only male flowers,
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Gegear, Robert J., and Terence M. Laverty. "Effect of flower complexity on relearning flower-handling skills in bumble bees." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 11 (1995): 2052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-241.

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Pollinators often forage sequentially among the flowers of the same plant species while bypassing flowers of other rewarding species. Darwin proposed that it is more efficient for pollinators to remain constant to one plant species because switching to a second species interferes with their ability to recall a previously learned flower-handling technique. This interference hypothesis was tested using Bombus impatiens workers. Bees that had learned to handle one type of flower (species A) were retested on species A after they had learned to handle a second type of flower (species B). Interferen
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Fomina, Tatyana I., and Eduard S. Fomin. "Study of flowering patterns of Campanula L. species using computer modeling." BIO Web of Conferences 24 (2020): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400022.

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Long-term data on flowering phenology of 9 Campanula L. species were processed using computer modeling. Modified model is proposed to describe flowering of monocarpic shoots with multi-flowered inflorescences taking into account structural inflorescence features and morphogenesis of floral zone. The flowering patterns are determined by degree of inflorescence branching and sequence of flowers opening in them. It is shown that flowering curve for simple inflorescences is unimodal: it has single peak associated with opening of terminal flower and flowers on the 1st order axes. For compound inflo
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flowers"

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DeGomez, Tom. "Annual Flowers for Northern Arizona above 6000 Foot Elevations." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144760.

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7 pp.<br>This article provides information about how to use annual flowers in Northern Arizona. It describes how to plan a garden, plant flowers and prepare soil. It lists out many of the common annual flowers that perfrom well in higher elevations in Arizona.
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Braun, Hattie, and Tom DeGomez. "Annual Flowers for Northern Arizona Above 6,000 Foot Elevations." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298163.

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Marinina, Nina. "Grey Flowers." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6329.

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This paper presents my master project “Grey Flowers” which is an incarnation of a poetic metaphor to a ceramic flower sculpture. The project is an installation of crafted flowers as a strong symbol of a short lived moment which has now stopped for ages. This sculptural work is based on the notion of decadence of the 19th century and presents a new way which it can been interpreted. Ceramics, clay and firing processes are used as a methods of unpredictability and a “happy accident”. The main aim of the project is to create a feeling of abandonment by showing decaying and dying beauty. The sculp
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Vafiades, Jason A. "Without Flutes or Flowers." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/VafiadesJA2001.pdf.

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Saunders, Emma. "Flowers, interaction and emotion." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22453/.

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Previous research has identified that there is a body of research on flowers. There is rather little regarding the interrelations between flowers and interaction, and the role of flowers in weddings and funerals. It is this gap in the research that this research addresses. This study applies a sociological perspective to explore on a micro level the role of flowers in social interaction within ritual spaces, whilst also examining the management of identity involved. The research uses an ethnographic approach, applying case-study methods deriving from an interpretivist standpoint that focuses o
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Rodkin, Hayley Amanda. "Of flowers and tears." University of Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6645.

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Magister Artium - MA<br>The collection of ten short stories, Of Flowers and Tears, aims to capture the events that have shaped my life, impacted on my community. It hopefully gives a voice to topics such as mental trauma, sibling strife, abortion, drug use and abuse, suicide, as well as political and social activism. Whilst none of the topics are new, the collection could potentially add to a growing genre of short story fiction by local authors which examine issues relating to trauma, loss, violence and the acknowledgement of identities. As South Africans, we carry many metaphoric scars (inc
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McCrea, Dillon T. "The Book of Flowers." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1621103904326569.

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Smith, Karyn L. "Nutrient remobilization during development and senescence of Petunia x hybrida floral organs." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3610.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 70 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70).
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Thompson, Emma. "Similar but Different: How Foraging Bumblebees ('Bombus Impatiens') Treat Flowers and Pictures of Flowers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35032.

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Flowers, the sole natural source of pollen and nectar for bees, present many similar features, in colour, shape, size and scent, which facilitate pollinator attraction. This similarity among stimuli requires perception of commonality but also a capacity for differentiation between similar but different stimuli. While many flowers of a similar type will elicit approach and foraging, failure to access resources on any individual flower in an array (e.g. due to depletion) will not necessarily generalize and deter further foraging. Such conditions demand that bees respond to both the similarity an
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Lee, Jeeyun Jennifer. "Clovette : predicting preferences for flowers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104549.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).<br>Flowers are often gifted for major holidays and personal holidays, for both personal and corporate purposes. Today's solutions in the market are abundant but scattered, with many players offering products of varying quality at a range of price points. To command higher prices and stay relevant in the market, florists need to distinguish themselves through high quality and/or niche product and ease of service.
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Books on the topic "Flowers"

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Faust, James E., and John M. Dole, eds. Cut flowers and foliages. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247602.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 8 chapters focusing on the breadth and depth of the cut flower and foliage industry, the production and postharvest handling of the most economically important cut flowers, specialty cut flowers, irrigation, fertilizer application, plant pests and diseases and their control and postharvest management, i.e. the harvesting, processing, storage, treatment and transport of these cut flowers.
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Scott, Margaret Kennedy. Pressed flowers and flower pictures. Batsford, 1989.

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Scott, Margaret Kennedy. Pressed flowers and flower pictures. B.T. Batsford, 1988.

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Roehm, Carolyne. Flowers. Clarkson Potter/Publishers, 2012.

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Moyer, Halpin Anne, ed. Flowers. Rodale Press, 1988.

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James, Merrell, ed. Simple flowers. Ryland Peters & Small, 1999.

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Tom, Pritchard, Jarecki Billy, and Pure Mädderlake (Firm), eds. Flowers rediscovered. Artisan, 1994.

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Greenwood, Pippa. The new flower gardener. DK Pub., 1998.

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Packer, Jane. Living with flowers. Trafalgar Square Pub., 1997.

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Tom, Pritchard, Jarecki Billy, Boehmer Alan, and Mädderlake (Firm), eds. Flowers rediscovered: New ideas for using and enjoying flowers. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flowers"

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Bowman, J. L., D. R. Smyth, J. P. Hill, et al. "Flowers." In Arabidopsis. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2598-0_3.

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Tomalin, Marcus. "Flowers." In Telling the Time in British Literature, 1675–1830. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003025702-6.

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Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa. "Flowers." In Flora Neotropica. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65875-5_4.

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Wagner, Günter P. "Flowers." In Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156460.003.0013.

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This chapter focuses on the developmental evolution of flowers and flower organ identity. It reviews some of the most important insights that have been gained from research on the developmental evolution of flowers regarding the nature of organ identity, organ integration, and the origin of evolutionary novelties. The chapter begins with a discussion of the uniqueness of flowers and the evolution of phylogeny and flower characters in angiosperms. It then examines the genetics of canonical flower development, along with the developmental genetic architecture of the flower Bauplan. It also consi
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Carter, John Ross, and Mahinda Palihawadana. "Flowers." In The Dhammapada. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195108606.003.0005.

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Abstract This is what is said: A garland-maker goes into a garden of flowers and, thinking, “I will gather flowers,” takes flowers from that [garden]. [Then] wishing for another [flower] plant and another, he turns his mind all over the garden, thinking: “I will gather flowers from here too.” [But] without gathering flowers from there, he turns his mind(9lto [yet] another place and procrastinates, picking from that [other] plant [as well].
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Ruamrungsri, Soraya, Kanokwan Panjama, Takuji Ohyama, and Chaiartid Inkham. "Nitrogen in Flowers." In Nitrogen in Agriculture - Physiological, Agricultural and Ecological Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98273.

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This chapter explores the literature and research on nitrogen in flowers. An overview of nitrogen deficiency symptoms in some flowers, i.e., Curcuma alismatifolia (ornamental curcuma), Tagetes erecta (marigold), Zinnia violacea (zinnia), and Gomphrena globose (gomphrena) were presented. Additionally, nitrogen uptake, translocation, and application in some flowers, i.e., ornamental curcuma, narcissus, orchids, and rose, were discussed in this chapter. Nitrogen affects the life cycle of flower, including vegetative and reproductive phases. Flower size, stem length, number of flowers per plant, a
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"Floral Architecture and Pollination." In Flowers. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294385-10.

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"Towards a Global Theory?" In Flowers. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294385-11.

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"Inflorescence Architecture." In Flowers. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294385-7.

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"Floral Architecture and Morphogenesis." In Flowers. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294385-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flowers"

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Pan, Xiajie. "The Flower Border Design of Perennial Flowers." In The 10th International Symposium on Project Management, China. Aussino Academic Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/065147-0055.

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Yang, Nan, Pieter Cuijpers, Ramon Schiffelers, Johan Lukkien, and Alexander Serebrenik. "Painting Flowers." In MSR '20: 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387452.

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Sonobe, Ken, Masaya Furukawa, Ayaka Yamanaka, Hidefumi Ohmura, Takuro Shibayama, and Ryu Nakagawa. "Meta Flowers." In SIGGRAPH '22: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3532834.3536199.

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"Japanese flower arrangement simulator considering deterioration of flowers." In 25th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2023.mukai.

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De Weyer, Tom, Sofie Notelaers, Karin Coninx, et al. "Watering the flowers." In the 4th International Conference. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2141622.2141650.

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Verostko, Roman. "Flowers of learning." In SIGGRAPH07: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280120.1280254.

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Baldi, Antonio. "Comparative analysis of super-resolution algorithms for digital holography." In Speckle06: Speckles, From Grains to Flowers, edited by Pierre Slangen and Christine Cerruti. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695354.

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Albertazzi G., Jr., Armando. "Configurations and applications of electronic speckle pattern interferometry for radial metrology using conical mirrors." In Speckle06: Speckles, From Grains to Flowers, edited by Pierre Slangen and Christine Cerruti. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695269.

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Goodman, Joseph W. "The ubiquitous speckle phenomenon." In Speckle06: Speckles, From Grains to Flowers, edited by Pierre Slangen and Christine Cerruti. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695251.

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Okamoto, Takashi, Takuya Moriyama, and Shuhei Fujita. "Correlation properties of three-dimensional superposed fractal speckle distributions." In Speckle06: Speckles, From Grains to Flowers, edited by Pierre Slangen and Christine Cerruti. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695252.

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Reports on the topic "Flowers"

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Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and
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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent
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Vega, Henry. Transportation Costs of Fresh Flowers: A Comparison across Major Exporting Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006855.

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Using a case study approach of Ecuador's supply chain this presentation discusses exports dynamics from major fresh flower exporting countries. The document covers air transportation's importance, air cargo of perishables and fresh-flowers, and a discussion on supply chain's complexity, quality deterioration cost and airfreight cost. Finally a series of conclusions are drawn. This presentation was created for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru, on June 17th, 2008.
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O'Neill, Sharman, Abraham Halevy, and Amihud Borochov. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Pollination-Induced Senescence in Phalaenopsis Orchids. United States Department of Agriculture, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7612837.bard.

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The project investigated the molecular genetic and biochemical basis of pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis flowers. This experimental system offered unique advantages in that senescence is strictly regulated by pollination, providing the basis to experimentally initiate and synchronize senescence in populations of flowers. The postpollination syndrome in the Phalaenopsis orchid system was dissected by investigating the temporal and spatial regulation of ACC synthase gene expression. In the stigma, pollen-borne auxin induces the expression of the auxin-regulated ACC synthase (PS-ACS
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Klassen, R. A., A. M. Bolduc, R. K. Burns, and F. Thompson. Geochemistry of Till, Flowers River area, Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130404.

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Mayak, Shimon, Michael Reid, Amihud Borochov, Anton Kofranek, and Abraham Halevy. Storage and Surface Transportation of Cut Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7593406.bard.

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Vega, Henry. Transportation Costs of Fresh Flowers: A Comparison across Major Exporting Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011314.

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Exporting fresh flowers is one of very few successful efforts by producers in low-income countries to compete in international markets of high-value agricultural goods. While this success results from producers' ability to take advantage of their geographic location and access to low labor costs, it may not be sustainable in the long run due to unreliable supply chains and high transportation costs. Using a case study approach of Ecuador's supply chain, complemented by an empirical analysis of microdata on exports from major fresh flower exporting countries to the United States, this study con
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Shulha, Oleksandr. Arnica montana Flower Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/udgj8291.

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Arnica montana flower extract is a popular ingredient for production of ointments, gels, and homeopathic preparations. Due to nomenclatural confusion, particularly the use of the vernacular name ”arnica” for a number of plant species, difficulties in cultivation, and high prices for wild-harvested plant material, adulteration is quite common. Some of the known adulterants and confounding species for A. montana flowers are other Arnica species (A. angustifolia, A. chamissonis, A. chamissonis subsp. foliosa), “Mexican arnica” (Heterotheca spp.), and different species from the Asteraceae family (
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Franck, Raphaël, and Oded Galor. Flowers of Evil? Industrial Development and Long-Run Prosperity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23701.

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Kamata, Kanoko. How women holding flowers held Japanese courts to account. Edited by Tasha Wibawa. Monash University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/0255-ead7.

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