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Journal articles on the topic 'Flowers – chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Zhou, Caibi, Xin Mei, Dylan O’Neill Rothenberg, et al. "Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Putative Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation and Coloration in White and Pink Tea (Camellia sinensis) Flower." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010190.

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A variant of tea tree (Camellia sinensis (L.)) with purple buds and leaves and pink flowers can be used as a unique ornamental plant. However, the mechanism of flower coloration remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of coloration, as well as anthocyanin accumulation in white and pink tea flowers, metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing was analyzed in various tea flower developmental stages. Results of metabolomics analysis revealed that three specific anthocyanin substances could be identified, i.e., cyanidin O-syringic acid, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin

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2

Johnson, KA, DA Morrison, and G. Goldsack. "Postfire Flowering Patterns in Blandfordia nobilis (Liliaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940049.

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Blandfordia nobilis Smith (Liliaceae) is a small herbaceous monocotyledon that resprouts from a rhizomatous corm after fire. The complex pattern of flowering shown in the five years following a fire in January 1987 was investigated for five populations near Sydney. This pattern was then related to concurrent changes in soil chemistry. Most (60%) plants flowered in the first post-fire flowering season (November-January), but this dropped to fewer than 20% of the plants flowering by the third or fourth season. Most plants flowered only once, but almost all plants did flower. Consequently, 35% of

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3

Heiduk, Annemarie, Ulrich Meve, Frank Menzel, et al. "Fly Pollination of Kettle Trap Flowers of Riocreuxia torulosa (Ceropegieae-Anisotominae): A Generalized System of Floral Deception." Plants 10, no. 8 (2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081564.

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Elaborated kettle trap flowers to temporarily detain pollinators evolved independently in several angiosperm lineages. Intensive research on species of Aristolochia and Ceropegia recently illuminated how these specialized trap flowers attract particular pollinators through chemical deception. Morphologically similar trap flowers evolved in Riocreuxia; however, no data about floral rewards, pollinators, and chemical ecology were available for this plant group. Here we provide data on pollination ecology and floral chemistry of R. torulosa. Specifically, we determined flower visitors and pollina

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4

Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata. "Nectar secretion in the flowers of comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) and nectar chemistry." Acta Agrobotanica 56, no. 1-2 (2013): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2003.003.

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Nectar secretion and nectar chemistry in the flowers of comfrey (<i>Symphytum officinale</i> L.) were examined in the four stages of anthesis: large buds, before pollen exposure: II - freshy opened flowers with the beginning of anther dehiscence: III- completely opened flowers in the maximum of pollen exposure: lV- flowers at the final stage of anthesis, without pollen in the anthers. Individual flower stays fresh 2,5-3 days, on average. Disc-shaped nectaries of S.officinale are located at the base of the four-lobbed ovary. Nectar is released through the modified stomata. Start of

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5

Rothenberg, Dylan, Haijun Yang, Meiban Chen, Wenting Zhang, and Lingyun Zhang. "Metabolome and Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink Flowers of Anthocyanin-Rich Tea (Camellia sinensis)." Molecules 24, no. 6 (2019): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061064.

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Almost all flowers of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) are white, which has caused few researchers to pay attention to anthocyanin accumulation and color changing in tea flowers. A new purple-leaf cultivar, Baitang purple tea (BTP) was discovered in the Baitang Mountains of Guangdong, whose flowers are naturally pink, and can provide an opportunity to understand anthocyanin metabolic networks and flower color development in tea flowers. In the present study, twelve anthocyanin components were identified in the pink tea flowers, namely cyanidin O-syringic acid, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargo

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Kaleschke, Lars, and Georg Heygster. "Towards multi-sensor microwave remote sensing of frost flowers on sea ice." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814267.

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AbstractIt has been hypothesized that frost flowers could be important for tropospheric chemistry and, as a source of sea-salt aerosol, for the interpretation of ice-core data. Furthermore, frost flowers can cause severe errors in sea-ice products derived from remote-sensing data. Up to now there have been few datasets available relating frost-flower distribution and variability in the sea-ice-covered regions. We present a method for frost-flower detection using a combination of active and passive microwave sensors. The vertical polarized C-band radar backscatter of a young sea-ice region cove

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7

Ming, Xin, Yan-Bin Tao, Qiantang Fu, et al. "Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020640.

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Jatropha curcas L. is monoecious with a low female-to-male ratio, which is one of the factors restricting its seed yield. Because the phytohormone cytokinins play an essential role in flower development, particularly pistil development, in this study, we elevated the cytokinin levels in J. curcas flowers through transgenic expression of a cytokinin biosynthetic gene (AtIPT4) from Arabidopsis under the control of a J. curcas orthologue of TOMATO MADS BOX GENE 6 (JcTM6) promoter that is predominantly active in flowers. As expected, the levels of six cytokinin species in the inflorescences were e

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8

Simpson, W. R., D. Carlson, G. Hönninger, et al. "First-year sea-ice contact predicts bromine monoxide (BrO) levels at Barrow, Alaska better than potential frost flower contact." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 3 (2007): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-621-2007.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens are responsible for boundary-layer ozone depletion and mercury deposition in Polar Regions during springtime. To investigate the source of reactive halogens in the air arriving at Barrow, Alaska, we measured BrO, an indicator of reactive halogen chemistry, and correlated its abundance with airmass histories derived from meteorological back trajectories and remotely sensed sea ice properties. The BrO abundance is found to be positively correlated to first-year sea-ice contact (R2=0.55), and essentially uncorrelated with potential frost flower (PFF) contact (R2=0.04).

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9

Kays, Stanley J., Jason Hatch, and Dong Sik Yang. "Volatile Floral Chemistry of Heliotropium arborescens L. 'Marine'." HortScience 40, no. 5 (2005): 1237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1237.

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Selection emphasis on cyme size and flower color of Heliotropium arborescens L. has led to cultivars with diminished floral fragrance. As a preliminary inquiry into the fragrance chemistry of the species, we identified 41 volatile compounds emanating from the flowers of 'Marine' via isolation (Tenax trapping) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The majority of the volatile compounds emanating from the flowers were terpenes (camphene, p-cymene, δ-3-carene, α-humulene, δ-1-limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, and β-thujone), benzenoids of which benzaldehyde was the most abundant, a

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10

Park, Soo Jean, Stefano G. De Faveri, Jodie Cheesman, et al. "Zingerone in the Flower of Passiflora maliformis Attracts an Australian Fruit Fly, Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon)." Molecules 25, no. 12 (2020): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122877.

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Passiflora maliformis is an introduced plant in Australia but its flowers are known to attract the native Jarvis’s fruit fly, Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon). The present study identifies and quantifies likely attractant(s) of male B. jarvisi in P. maliformis flowers. The chemical compositions of the inner and outer coronal filaments, anther, stigma, ovary, sepal, and petal of P. maliformis were separately extracted with ethanol and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polyisoprenoid lipid precursors, fatty acids and their derivatives, and phenylpropanoids were detected in P

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11

BORMAN, STU. "Michael Kasha: chemistry in music, flowers." Chemical & Engineering News 69, no. 6 (1991): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n006.p022.

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12

Aronne, Giovanna, Manuela Giovanetti, Raffaele Sacchi, and Veronica De Micco. "From Flower to Honey Bouquet: Possible Markers for the Botanical Origin ofRobiniaHoney." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547275.

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Flowers are complex structures devoted to pollinator attraction, through visual as well as chemical signals. As bees collect nectar on flowers to produce honey, some aspects of floral chemistry are transferred to honey, making chemical markers an important technique to identify the botanical and geographical origins of honey. We applied a new approach that considers the simultaneous analysis of different floral parts (petals, stamens + pistils, calyxes + nectarines, and nectar) and the corresponding unifloral honey. We collected fresh flowers ofRobinia pseudoacaciaL. (black locust), selected f

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13

Glazińska, Paulina, Milena Kulasek, Wojciech Glinkowski, Waldemar Wojciechowski, and Jan Kosiński. "Integrated Analysis of Small RNA, Transcriptome and Degradome Sequencing Provides New Insights into Floral Development and Abscission in Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (2019): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205122.

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The floral development in an important legume crop yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper cv.) is often affected by the abscission of flowers leading to significant economic losses. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which have a proven effect on almost all developmental processes in other plants, might be of key players in a complex net of molecular interactions regulating flower development and abscission. This study represents the first comprehensive sncRNA identification and analysis of small RNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing data in lupine flowers to elucidate their role in the r

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14

Popova, Venelina, Tanya Ivanova, Albena Stoyanova, Violeta Nikolova, Tsveta Hristeva, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. "GC-MS Composition and Olfactory Profile of Concretes from the Flowers of Four Nicotiana Species." Molecules 25, no. 11 (2020): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112617.

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The genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae) includes over 70 species, with a long history of traditional use; many of them are nowadays used in bioengineering, biosynthesis, molecular biology, and other studies, while common tobacco, N. tabacum L., is one of the most economically important industrial crops worldwide. Although Nicotiana species have been extensively investigated, relatively less research has focused on flowers, especially research related to obtaining aromatic products for cosmetic and perfumery use. On the other hand, there is evidence that Nicotiana flowers accumulate various secondary

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15

Meurer-Grimes, Barbara, J. E. Casida, and G. B. Quistad. "Pyrethrum Flowers. Production, Chemistry, Toxicology, and Uses." Brittonia 48, no. 4 (1996): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807884.

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16

Mitchell, Kevin A., Kenneth R. Markham, and Murray R. Boase. "Pigment chemistry and colour of Pelargonium flowers." Phytochemistry 47, no. 3 (1998): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00595-5.

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17

Iqbal, Muhammad, Iqbal Hussain, Asma Habib, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, and Rizwan Rasheed. "Effect of Semiarid Environment on Some Nutritional and Antinutritional Attributes of Calendula (Calendula officinalis)." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/318506.

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Stressful environments have been shown to affect the metabolism in some plants. In the present study, we assessed whether semiarid environment (saline and saline alkaline soil) could affect the nutritional (total proteins, phenolics and riboflavin contents, and catalase activity) and antinutritional (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents) properties differently in different plant parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of calendula. Although salinity decreased plant biomass, it did not affect total protein and phenolics contents in the calendula. All plant parts were rich in riboflavin con

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18

Srivastava, Jyoti, and Padma S. Vankar. "Carotenoids: as natural food colorant from Canna flowers." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 1 (2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2013-0112.

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Purpose – This paper aims to study carotenoids as a natural food colorant from Canna flowers. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly and non-toxic colorants, specifically for health-sensitive applications such as colours of food and textiles. Red Canna variety can be grown in normal garden situations and gives ample of flowers yielding good amount of natural colorant for both the purposes. Design/methodology/approach – In the present work, ultrasound extraction of natural colorant from Canna indica flowers has been studied. The use of ultrasound is found to have a significant improvement i

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19

Kopeć, Przemysław, Marta Hornyák, Jakub Pastuszak, et al. "Changes in the Flower and Leaf Proteome of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) under High Temperature." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052678.

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a pseudocereal crop, produces a large number of flowers, but this does not guarantee high seed yields. This species demonstrates strong abortion of flowers and embryos. High temperatures during the generative growth phase result in an increase in the degeneration of embryo sacs. The aim of this study was to investigate proteomic changes in flowers and leaves of two common buckwheat accessions with different degrees of heat tolerance, Panda and PA15. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyze the prot

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20

Silva-Neto, Carlos De Melo e., Anna Clara Chaves Ribeiro, Flaviana Lima Gomes, et al. "Interaction between biological and chemistry fungicides and tomato pollinators." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 12, no. 2 (2018): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7690.

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The use of agrochemicals is harmful to bees visiting agricultural crops, reducing production gains from pollination, but the effect of fungicides on these bees is not known. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of bee visitation influenced by different fungicides on the tomato crop and on the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma, number of seeds, mass and fruit size. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments: (T1) control treatment, without application of agrochemicals; (T2 and T3) Bacillus subtilis in different application frequencies; (T4) copper hydroxide; (T5) B.

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21

Rivera, Guillermo L., Leonardo Galetto, and L. Bernardello. "Nectar secretion pattern, removal effects, and breeding system of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 12 (1996): 1996–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-239.

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Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Ligaria cuneifolia have been studied, addressing the following questions: (i) Are there temporal differences in the female and male functions? (ii) How do nectar composition, volume, concentration, and amount of sugar vary throughout the flower lifetime? (iii) How does the plant respond to nectar removal? (iv) What is the breeding system of this species? Flowers last 4 days. There is a predominance of the male function in the first days and of the female function in the last days. Chemical composition of nectar varies throughout the flower lifetime;

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22

Karakaya, Songul, Mehmet Koca, Serdar Yılmaz, et al. "Molecular Docking Studies of Coumarins Isolated from Extracts and Essential Oils of Zosima absinthifolia Link as Potential Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease." Molecules 24, no. 4 (2019): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040722.

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Coumarins and essential oils are the major components of the Apiaceae family and the Zosima genus. The present study reports anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts and essential oils from aerial parts, roots, flowers, fruits and coumarins—bergapten (1); imperatorin (2), pimpinellin (3) and umbelliferone (4)—isolated of the roots from Zosima absinthifolia. The investigation by light and scanning electron microscopy of the structures of secretory canals found different chemical compositions in the various types of secretory canals which present in the aerial parts, fruits and

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23

Li, Weixing, Xiaomei Song, Yanmin Hua, Jun Tao, and Chunhua Zhou. "Effects of Different Harvest Times on Nutritional Component of Herbaceous Peony Flower Petals." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (October 22, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4942805.

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Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flowers can be used as edible flowers, but few studies concerned about their edible values and the optimal harvest season. In this study, petals of three herbaceous peony cultivars including “Dafugui,” “Hongyan Zhenghui,” and “Yangfei Chuyu” at four different development stages were used as materials to measure the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamin C (Vc), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with the aim to understand the variation tendency of the nutritional ingredients

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24

Pop, Raluca, Mihai Medeleanu, Mircea Diudea, Beata Szefler, and Jerzy Cioslowski. "Fullerenes patched by flowers with octagonal core." Open Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2014): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0358-5.

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AbstractThe aromatic character of three different flowers of general formula [n:(p i,p j)n/2], namely [8:(5,7)4], [8:(6,6)4] and [8:(5,6)4], has been evaluated by means of geometric (HOMA index), energetic (heats of formation) and magnetic criteria (NICS index, exaltation of magnetic susceptibility). Also, the reactivity descriptors within the DFT approach -absolute hardness, electrophilicity, Fukui functions — have been computed. All the different methods used for estimating the aromaticity led to a unitary conclusion. Two fullerene structures, patched by the most stable 8-Sumanene flower, ha

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25

Jiang, Yifan, Renjuan Qian, Wanbo Zhang, et al. "Composition and Biosynthesis of Scent Compounds from Sterile Flowers of an Ornamental Plant Clematis florida cv. ‘Kaiser’." Molecules 25, no. 7 (2020): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071711.

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Clematis florida is a popular ornamental vine species known for diverse colors and shapes of its flowers but not for scent. Here we investigated the composition and biosynthesis of floral scent in ‘Kaiser’, a fragrant cultivar of C. florida that has sterile flowers. Volatile profiling revealed that flowers of ‘Kaiser’ emit more than 20 compounds, with monoterpenes being most abundant. Among the three floral organs, namely sepals, transformed-petals, and ovaries, ovaries had the highest rates of total volatile emission. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying floral scent biosynthesis i

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Prabhu, V., V. Manjula, K. Santhiya, G. P. Tamileela Kanali, P. Saravanakumar, and G. Sibi. "Chemometric Profile of Calotropis gigantea and its Antioxidant Activity through Bioactive Compounds from Latex, Leaves and Flower Extracts." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 11 (2020): 2865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22875.

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In present study, antioxidant effect was compared among latex, leaf and flower extract of Calotropis gigantea and is first report on comparing the chemometric profiling of various parts of C. gigantea. Ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. gigantea revealed the presence of 28 different chemotypes in latex, 27 in leaves and 32 in flowers. Major phtyochemicals present were of which fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty alcohols, terpenes, coumarins and carbocycles. C. gigantea leaf extract recorded 78% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and IC50 values of 14.44, 6.74 and 21.35

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Pop, Raluca, Mihai Medeleanu, Mircea Diudea, Beata Szefler, and Jerzy Cioslowski. "Fullerenes patched by flowers." Open Chemistry 11, no. 4 (2013): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0191-2.

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AbstractStability measures, such as the total energy and the HOMO-LUMO gap, calculated at the Hartree-Fock and DFT levels of theory, and the aromatic character of five circulenes/flowers with a hexagonal core and petals consisting of 5-, 6- and 7-membered rings are investigated. Geometric (HOMA) and magnetic (NICS) criteria are used to estimate the local aromatic character of every ring of the investigated circulenes. The local aromaticity of the coronene and sumanene patches in two tetrahedrally spanned fullerenes were calculated and compared with the HOMA and NICS values of the corresponding

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28

Thuy, Nguyen Minh, Vo Minh, Tran Ben, My Tuyen Thi Nguyen, Ho Ha, and Ngo Tai. "Identification of Anthocyanin Compounds in Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet Coupled to Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 15 (2021): 4539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154539.

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Butterfly pea flower have great sensory attraction, but they have not yet been used widely in Vietnam. Extracts of butterfly pea flowers can be used conveniently as a natural blue colorant for food products. In this study, the identification of anthocyanin compounds in butterfly pea flowers was performed by UPLC coupled with a UV and Mass spectrometer instrument. Positive and negative ion electrospray MS/MS chromatograms and spectra of the anthocyanin compounds were determined. By analyzing the chromatograms and spectra for each ion, five anthocyanins were identified in the butterfly pea flowe

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29

Hara, Keiichiro, Sumito Matoba, Motohiro Hirabayashi, and Tetsuhide Yamasaki. "Frost flowers and sea-salt aerosols over seasonal sea-ice areas in northwestern Greenland during winter–spring." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 13 (2017): 8577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8577-2017.

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Abstract. Sea salts and halogens in aerosols, frost flowers, and brine play an important role in atmospheric chemistry in polar regions. Simultaneous sampling and observations of frost flowers, brine, and aerosol particles were conducted around Siorapaluk in northwestern Greenland during December 2013 to March 2014. Results show that water-soluble frost flower and brine components are sea-salt components (e.g., Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Br−, and iodine). Concentration factors of sea-salt components of frost flowers and brine relative to seawater were 1.14–3.67. Sea-salt enrichment of Mg2+, K+,

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30

Stanciu, Gabriela, Adina-Ioana Oancea, Elena Oancea, and Elisabeta Chirila. "Analytical Characterisation of Original Emulsion for Cosmetic Use." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 3 (2019): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7000.

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The aim of the paper is to characterize an original emulsion containing a mixture of plant macerates and essences. Next the wild and/or garden plants, namely Abies sp. (leaves), Crataegus monogyna (flowers), Hypericum perforatum (flowers), Lavandula angustifolia (flowers), Lavandula officinalis (flowers), Lilium sp. (flowers), Melissa officinalis (flowers), Mentha silvestris (leaves and flowers), Mentha piperita (leaves and flowers), Origanum vulgare (leaf blooms and flowers), Pinus silvestris (buds), Populus nigra (buds) and Thymus serpillum (flowers) have been processed to prepare the studie

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Dokkedal, Anne Lígia, Lourdes Campaner dos Santos, Paulo Takeo Sano, and Wagner Vilegas. "Chemistry in Eriocaulaceae." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 3-4 (2008): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-3-402.

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Eriocaulaceae is a pantropical family that comprises about 1100 species distributed in 11 genera. The infrafamilial relationships are still unsatisfactorily resolved, because of the tiny flowers and generalized morphology, which makes the taxonomy very difficult. Flavonoid and naphthopyranone profiles have proved to be important in order to contribute to the alignment of genera into the family. We here present a survey of the chemical data of Eriocaulaceae with a discussion about their contribution to the taxonomy of Eriocaulaceae

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32

Ryniewicz, Justyna, Mateusz Skłodowski, Magdalena Chmur, et al. "Intraspecific Variation in Nectar Chemistry and Its Implications for Insect Visitors: The Case of the Medicinal Plant, Polemonium Caeruleum L." Plants 9, no. 10 (2020): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101297.

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Floral nectar, being a primary reward for insect visitors, is a key factor in shaping plant–pollinator interactions. However, little is known about the variability in nectar traits, which could potentially affect pollinators and the reproduction of the species. We investigated intraspecific variation in nectar traits in 14 populations of a Red-listed plant, Polemonium caeruleum. Populations varied in terms of the proportion of self-compatible and self-incompatible individuals, and insect communities visiting flowers. Using HPLC, we determined the nectar sugar and amino acid (AA) composition an

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Qian, Chen-Yu, Wen-Xuan Quan, Zhang-Min Xiang, and Chao-Chan Li. "Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Four Different Rhododendron Flowers by GC×GC-QTOFMS." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183327.

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Volatile compounds in flowers of Rhododendron delavayi, R. agastum, R. annae, and R. irroratum were analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC) coupled with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). A significantly increased number of compounds was separated by GC×GC compared to conventional one-dimensional GC (1DGC), allowing more comprehensive understanding of the volatile composition of Rhododendron flowers. In total, 129 volatile compounds were detected and quantified. Among them, hexanal, limonene, benzeneacetaldehy

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Li, Yan, Caihua Dong, Ming Hu, et al. "Identification of Flower-Specific Promoters through Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Brassica napus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235949.

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Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is an economically important oil crop worldwide. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a threat to oilseed rape production. Because the flower petals play pivotal roles in the SSR disease cycle, it is useful to express the resistance-related genes specifically in flowers to hinder further infection with S. sclerotiorum. To screen flower-specific promoters, we first analyzed the transcriptome data from 12 different tissues of the B. napus line ZS11. In total, 249 flower-specific candidate genes with high expression in petals were identifi

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Beaudon, E., and J. Moore. "Frost flower chemical signature in winter snow on Vestfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard." Cryosphere 3, no. 2 (2009): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-147-2009.

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Abstract. The chemistry of snow and ice cores from Svalbard is influenced by variations in local sea ice margin and distance to open water. Snow pits sampled at two summits of Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard), exhibit spatially heterogeneous soluble ions concentrations despite similar accumulation rates, reflecting the importance of small-scale weather patterns on this island ice cap. The snow pack on the western summit shows higher average values of marine ions and a winter snow layer that is relatively depleted in sulphate. One part of the winter snow pack exhibits a [SO42-/Na+]

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Beaudon, E., and J. Moore. "Frost flower chemical signature in winter snow on Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard)." Cryosphere Discussions 3, no. 1 (2009): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-3-159-2009.

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Abstract. The chemistry of snow and ice cores from Svalbard is influenced by variations in local sea ice margin and distance to open water. Snow pits sampled at two summits of Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard), exhibit spatially heterogeneous soluble ions concentrations despite similar accumulation rates, reflecting the importance of small-scale weather patterns on this island ice cap. The snow pack on the western summit shows higher average values of marine species and a winter snow layer that is relatively depleted in sulphate. One part of the winter snow pack exhibits [SO42-/Na+]

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Simpson, W. R., D. Carlson, G. Hoenninger, et al. "First-year sea-ice contact predicts bromine monoxide (BrO) levels better than potential frost flower contact." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 11051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11051-2006.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens are responsible for boundary-layer ozone depletion and mercury deposition in Polar Regions during springtime. To investigate the source of reactive halogens in the air arriving at Barrow, Alaska, we measured BrO, a marker of reactive halogen chemistry, and correlated its abundance with airmass histories derived from meteorological back trajectories and remotely sensed sea ice properties. The BrO is found to be positively correlated to first-year sea-ice contact (R2=0.55), and weakly negatively correlated to potential frost flower (PFF) contact (R2=0.04). These data

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Slocum, Laura E. "Pizza, Flowers, and Fish." Journal of Chemical Education 85, no. 7 (2008): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed085p893.

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QUINA, FRANK H., and ERICK L. BASTOS. "Chemistry Inspired by the Colors of Fruits, Flowers and Wine." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90, no. 1 suppl 1 (2018): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170492.

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Rankin, Andrew M., Eric W. Wolff, and Seelye Martin. "Frost flowers: Implications for tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 107, no. D23 (2002): AAC 4–1—AAC 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002492.

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Davison, William. "I. Pulford and H. Flowers: Environmental Chemistry at a Glance." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 57, no. 1 (2007): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10874-006-9054-6.

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Giger, Walter. "Ian Pulford and Hugh Flowers: Environmental chemistry at a glance." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 391, no. 3 (2008): 881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2052-6.

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Kim, Ryunhee, Yutaro Osako, Hisayo Yamane, Ryutaro Tao, and Hisashi Miyagawa. "Quantitative analysis of auxin metabolites in lychee flowers." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 3 (2021): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa083.

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ABSTRACT To investigate the modulation of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level by biosynthesis and inactivation during floral development, IAA and its metabolites were analyzed by LC-ESI/MS/MS in Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flowers. In the bloomed flowers, the level of free IAA was higher in males than in females. In contrast, the total sum level of IAA metabolites was higher in females than in males, suggesting a higher biosynthetic activity of IAA in the females before the bloom. A detailed time-course analysis from the bud stage to the developing flower stage showed higher levels

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Zhao, Mei-Li, Jun Ni, Mao-Sheng Chen, and Zeng-Fu Xu. "Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (2019): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092165.

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Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overe

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Zoghbi, Maria das Gracas B., Eloisa Helena A. Andrade Coordenacao de Botanica, and Jose Guilherme S. Maia. "Volatiles from flowers ofPachira aquaticaAubl." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 6, no. 2 (2003): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972-060x.2003.10643337.

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Takeoka, Gary R., David M. Rodriguez, Lan Dao, and Robert Patterson. "Headspace Volatiles ofScutellaria baicalensisGeorgi Flowers." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 12, no. 4 (2009): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2009.10643741.

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Hornyák, Marta, Aneta Słomka, Klaudia Sychta, et al. "Reducing Flower Competition for Assimilates by Half Results in Higher Yield of Fagopyrum esculentum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 8953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238953.

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Despite abundant flowering throughout the season, common buckwheat develops a very low number of kernels probably due to competition for assimilates. We hypothesized that plants with a shorter flowering period may give a higher seed yield. To verify the hypothesis, we studied nutrient stress in vitro and in planta and analyzed different embryological and yield parameters, including hormone profile in the flowers. In vitro cultivated flowers on media with strongly reduced nutrient content demonstrated a drastic increase in degenerated embryo sacs. In in planta experiments, where 50% or 75% of f

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Jerónimo, Eliana, Liliana Cachucho, David Soldado, Olinda Guerreiro, Rui J. B. Bessa, and Susana P. Alves. "Fatty Acid Content and Composition of the Morphological Fractions of Cistus Ladanifer L. and Its Seasonal Variation." Molecules 25, no. 7 (2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071550.

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Cistus ladanifer L. is a shrub from Cistaceae family, widespread in Mediterranean countries. Fatty acids (FA) have multiple roles in plants and are involved in adaption mechanisms to environmental conditions. This work evaluated the FA content and composition of each morphological fraction of C. ladanifer (leaves, stems, flower buds, flowers and seed heads) throughout a full year. Cistus ladanifer plants were collected in southern Portugal, during four consecutive seasons (18 plants/season), and the different morphological plant fractions (leaves, stems, flower buds, flowers and seed heads) we

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Kresnapati, I. Nyoman Bagus Aji, Siti Khaerunnisa, and Indri Safitri. "Ethanol Extract of Marigold Flower (Tagetes Erecta L.) Decreases The Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lypoprotein (LDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Apoliprotein B (APOB) on Hyperlipidemia Rat Models." Folia Medica Indonesiana 57, no. 3 (2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v57i3.23838.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of gemitir flower (Tagetes erecta L.) on total cholesterol levels, Low-Density Lipoprotein C (LDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Forty-eight Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into 6 groups, groups were given standard feed (K-) and 5 groups of hyperlipidemia models (K +, P1, P2, P3, P4) were given High Fat Diet (HFD) for 35 days. On the 36th day, the total cholesterol levels were checked through the tail of Rattus norvegicus, and from day 37 to day 50 were given a normal diet (K-), HFD (K +), simvastatin 10 mg/

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Popa, Cristina. "Ethylene Measurements from Sweet Fruits Flowers Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy." Molecules 24, no. 6 (2019): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061144.

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Ethylene is a classical plant hormone and has appeared as a strong molecule managing many physiological and morphological reactions during the life of a plant. With laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy, ethylene can be identified with high sensitivity, at a high rate and with very good selectivity. This research presents the dynamics of trace gases molecules for ethylene released by cherry flowers, apple flowers and strawberry flowers. The responses of distinctive organs to ethylene may fluctuate, depending on tissue sensitivity and the phase of plant development. From the determinations of

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