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Journal articles on the topic 'Flue-cured tobacco'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 24 February 2023

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1

Shao, Xiao Hou, Mao Mao Hou, Jing Nan Chen, You Bo Yuan, and Fu Zhang Ding. "Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation of Flue-Cured Tobacco." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1620.

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In order to explore the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on dry matter and nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco, 9 treatments with different lowest limits and nitrogen fertilizer amount were designed, and the distribution and accumulation of dry matter and nutrient (N, P and K) of flue-cured tobaccos under water-nitrogen coupling treatments were observed. Results showed that: (1) High irrigation amount could not certainly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco root, but which was beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of whole tobacco plant. (2) Dry weight proportion of flue-cured tobacco leaves was highest, which was above 55% among the treatments. (3) Higher water and nitrogen promoted the nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobaccos, nutrient content of W3N3, W3N2 and W2N2 was higher compared to other treatments.

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2

Huang, Dong Bing, and Lin Lin. "Calculation and Analysis of Contribution Rate from Technology Advancement about Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in Guizhou Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.558.

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Data was taken from Guizhou flue-cured tobacco production during 2001 to 2012 period. Cobb-Douglas production function model was exerted to calculate the contribution rate of technology advancement to flue-cured tobacco production and to analyze the relation between production factors and flue-cured tobacco output. Results show that the contribution rate of technology advancement to flue-cured tobacco production in Guizhou Province is 42.53%.Planting area is the most important factor to the production. Some measures on stable development of flue-cured tobacco production are proposed.

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3

Liu, Jin Hao, Yong Tai He, and Yue Hong Peng. "The Design and Implementation of Monitoring System of Flue-Cured Tobacco Barn Based on ARM7." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1753.

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The disadvatages of traditional pattern of flue-cured tobacco are low work efficiency, high system error, and poor quality of tobacco and so on. In order to conquer the above shortcomings, a kind of monitoring system was designed in flue-cured tobacco barn based on ARM7 to implement the automation and intelligentization of flue-cured tobacco. The LPC2103 chip was chosen as the microprocessor of monitoring system. The data of temperature and humidity of barns was collected with the AM2303 sensor. We built the hardware platform based on embedded technology, and developed the corresponding software system for monitoring the control object of flue-cured barn in real-time, for implementing the automation of three stages flue-cured period which is yellowing stage, turning color stage and stem drying stage. The environmental data of flue-cured tobacco barn could be saved by the storage module .The result of testing experiments, which contain three periods of flue-cured tobacco, show that the features of our monitoring system ,which are nice control precision, lower system error, sooner response ,and good stability and so on, could be taken advantages of. The embedded technology of ARM7 could be used to improve the efficiency of flue-cured tobacco to guarantee the quality of tobacco, and cut the cost of labor, meanwhile, it could be applied to all kinds of flue-cured tobacco barns as well.

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4

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CT157 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 879–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-014.

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CT157 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with superior quality. Grade index value and company evaluation are significantly higher than the checks. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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5

Zhao, Gui-Hong, Yan-Ling Yu, Xiang-Tong Zhou, Bin-Yu Lu, Zi-Mu Li, and Yu-Jie Feng. "Effects of drying pretreatment and particle size adjustment on the composting process of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 5 (February 13, 2017): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17690448.

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The main characteristic of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves is their high nicotine content. Aerobic composting is an effective method to decrease the nicotine level in tobacco leaves and stabilize tobacco wastes. However, high levels of nicotine in discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves complicate tobacco waste composting. This work proposes a drying pretreatment process to reduce the nicotine content in discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves and thus enhance its carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to a suitable level for composting. The effect of another pretreatment method, particle size adjustment, on composting efficiency was also tested in this work. The results indicated that the air-dried (nicotine content: 1.35%) and relatively long discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves (25 mm) had a higher composting efficiency than damp (nicotine content: 1.57%) and short discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves (15 mm). When dry/25 mm discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves mixed with tobacco stems in an 8:2 ratio was composted at a temperature above 55 °C for 9 days, the nicotine content dropped from 1.29% to 0.28%. Since the discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves was successfully composted to a fertile and harmless material, the germination index values increased to 85.2%. The drying pretreatment and particle size adjustment offered ideal physical and chemical conditions to support microbial growth and bioactivity during the composting process, resulting in efficient conversion of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves into a high quality and mature compost.

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6

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CT144 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-145.

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CT144 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with superior yield and quality. Grade index value is significantly higher and percent alkaloids is lower than the check cultivars. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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7

Amankwa, G. A., H. M. Haji, S. Mishra, M. DeVos, A. D. White, and D. L. Van Hooren. "CT652 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08141.

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CT652 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with good yield potential, high grade index and considerably higher gross returns than the check varieties Delgold and CT157. It was derived from a cross between the Canadian cultivar Delfield and an advanced breeding line, 95EA57-1. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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8

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CT572 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-144.

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CT572 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with superior yield and quality. Grade index value and company evaluation are significantly higher and percent alkaloids is lower than the check cultivars. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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9

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. Devos. "CT166 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-092.

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CT166 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with high yield, and matures earlier than the standard checks. Percent alkaloids in CT166 is significantly lower than the checks. Lower alkaloids is a desirable quality characteristic. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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10

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CT681 flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-093.

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CT681 is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar with high yield and grade index, and provides significantly higher economic returns togrowers. Company evaluations are higher than the checks, and percent lamina is high. CT681 is resistant to black root rot [Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris] disease. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, cultivar description

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11

PANDEYA, R. S. "CANDEL FLUE-CURED TOBACCO." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-029.

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Candel flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with good quality of cured leaves, lower smoke tar:nicotine ratio and early maturing habits was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Delhi, Ontario in an interspecific hybridization study.Key words: Tobacco, Tar:nicotine ratio, cultivar description

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12

Pandeya, R. S., J. E. Brandle, J. C. D. Ankersmit, V. D. Rogers, and W. A. Keller. "Delfield flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-086.

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Delfield, a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). cultivar, has higher yield than Delhi 76, but similar grade price and therefore provides higher returns to growers. Delfield originated from a somatic hybrid between N. tabacum and N. rustica. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, somatic hybridization, cultivar description

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13

Nestor, TB, JS Gentry, MG Riddick, BT Conner, DM Peele, and ME Edwards. "Role of Oxides of Nitrogen in Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Formation in Flue-Cured Tobacco." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 20, no. 7 (November 1, 2003): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0762.

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AbstractTobacco is known to contain a class of nitrosamines known as tobacco-specific nitrosamines or TSNA. Nitrosation of naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids is commonly accepted as the mechanism of TSNA formation in tobacco. Because green and freshly harvested tobaccos are virtually free of TSNA, formation and accumulation of TSNA are generally considered to occur during the curing process. Most recent hypotheses have focused on microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and other oxides of nitrogen (NOcompounds) that react with tobacco alkaloids to form TSNA during curing. This natural microbial process remains the prevalent hypothesis for TSNA formation in burley and other air-cured tobaccos. However, a different mechanism for the formation of TSNA in flue-cured tobacco, independent of microbial activity, is documented in this paper. It is common practice to flue-cure Virginia or blonde tobacco in bulk barns that incorporate forced air ventilation and temperature control. For the last thirty-five years, many modern bulk barns in North America generally have used liquid propane gas (LPG) with direct-fired burners that exhaust combustion gases directly into the barn where the tobacco is exposed to those gases. Our studies indicate that LPG combustion by-products in the exhaust stream, namely NO, react with naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids to form TSNA. Heat exchange curing methods preclude exposure of the tobacco to combustion gases and by-products, thereby eliminating this significant source of TSNA formation, without degrading leaf quality or smoking character. Research findings from 1998 and 1999 are presented to demonstrate the role of NOgases in TSNA formation and the significance of direct-fired curing as a primary source of TSNA formation in flue-cured tobacco. Also, data from an extensive barn conversion program in 2000, which resulted in a 94% average reduction in TSNA levels in cured flue-cured leaf, are presented.

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14

Gu, Li, Lichun Xue, Qi Song, Fengji Wang, Huaqin He, and Zhongyi Zhang. "Classification of the fragrant styles and evaluation of the aromatic quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves by machine-learning methods." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 14, no. 06 (December 2016): 1650033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720016500335.

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During commercial transactions, the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves must be characterized efficiently, and the evaluation system should be easily transferable across different traders. However, there are over 3000 chemical compounds in flue-cured tobacco leaves; thus, it is impossible to evaluate the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves using all the chemical compounds. In this paper, we used Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm together with 22 chemical compounds selected by ReliefF-Particle Swarm Optimization (R-PSO) to classify the fragrant style of flue-cured tobacco leaves, where the Accuracy (ACC) and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) were 90.95% and 0.80, respectively. SVM algorithm combined with 19 chemical compounds selected by R-PSO achieved the best assessment performance of the aromatic quality of tobacco leaves, where the PCC and MSE were 0.594 and 0.263, respectively. Finally, we constructed two online tools to classify the fragrant style and evaluate the aromatic quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf samples. These tools can be accessed at http://bioinformatics.fafu.edu.cn/tobacco .

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15

Leng, Lu, and Yin Gang Lu. "Analysis of Trichome Density and the Content of Glandular Secretion on Different Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.200.

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To clarify the relationship between the glandular density and the glandular trichome secretion content of different varieties of flue-cured tobacco,the trichome density of 5 kinds of flue-cured tobacco species was analyzed by electron microscope,and glandular secretion was analyzed by GC/MS.The results showed that:the trichome density of flue-cured tobacco is not proportional with the content of glandular secretions,and the morphology of glandular trichome were approximately same in five tobacco varieties.The content of cembrenoids are the highest in the glandular trichome secretion components of flue-cured tobacco,which is the main ingredient.Through regulating metabolism terpenoids to improve diterpene content is the key element to improve the content of tobacco glandular secretions.

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16

Chamberlain, WJ, and OT Chortyk. "Effects of Curing and Fertilization on Nitrosamine Formation in Bright and Burley Tobacco." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 15, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0625.

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AbstractA bright and a Burley tobacco were grown at four fertilization rates and each tobacco was then both flue-cured and air-cured. Levels of alkaloids and nitrosamines were found to increase with increasing fertilization levels. Levels of alkaloids, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and other tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) were consistently higher in the Burley tobacco than in the bright tobacco, regardless of curing method. In comparing the effects of curing, it was found that NNN and total TSNA levels were higher in the midrib than in the lamina of the air-cured samples, while just the opposite was found for the flue-cured samples. Flue-curing bright tobacco produced three times the level of TSNA vs air-curing the same tobacco. On the other hand, flue-curing Burley tobacco reduced the alkaloids, but greatly increased the TSNA in the lamina. As midribs from the air-cured Burley leaves had three times the TSNA concentration of the lamina, the use of air-cured midribs in tobacco products should be avoided. It was concluded that lower fertilization levels and careful manipulations of curing parameters could lower nitrosamine levels in cured tobacco.

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17

Li, Fo Lin, Huan Wen Yang, Xi Zhang, Xiao Man Hu, Wei Zou, and Yang Zhong Liu. "Decision Support System for Good Quality Flue-Cured Tobacco Based on Knowledge Model." Advanced Materials Research 304 (July 2011): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.304.279.

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In order to improve the mathematical description quantitatively, and support decision in tobacco crop knowledge. A Good quality flue-cured tobacco production and management decision support system (GQFKMTDSS) has been designed and developed applying JSP under the Windows Server environment, based on good quality flue-cured tobacco knowledge model with system analysis methods and mathematical modeling techniques. The system helps for forecasting function and guiding decision-making to good quality flue-cured tobacco.

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18

Brandle, J. E., J. C. D. Ankersmit, and W. D. Rogers. "AC Cheng flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-066.

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AC Cheng is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar bred at the Pest Management Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is a cultivar with high leaf quality and resulted from crosses between flue-cured cultivars and breeding lines, and Nicotiana rustica (+) Nicotiana tabacum somatic hybrids (somatic 9/77CD15//2*Delgold) (Douglas et al. 1981). AC Cheng is adapted to the tobacco growing areas of Ontario. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, somatic hybrid

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19

Brandle, J. E., W. D. Rogers, and J. C. D. Ankersmit. "AC Gayed flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-067.

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AC Gayed is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar bred at the Pest Management Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is a a black root rot (Chalara elegans) resistant, backcross derivative of Delgold (ST205/PB19//*5 Delgold) (Pandeya and White 1984). The resistance gene originated from Nicotiana debneyi. AC Gayed is adapted to the tobacco production areas of Ontario. It has similar grade index, but slightly lower yield than Delgold when grown in disease-free conditions. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, black root rot resistance, backcross

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20

Brandle, J. E., W. Arsenault, W. D. Rogers, and J. C. D. Ankersmit. "AC Maridel flue-cured tobacco." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-077.

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AC Maridel is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar bred collaboratively by the Pest Management Research Centre and the Charlottetown Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is a cultivar with high yield, improved leaf quality and is resistant to black root rot (Chalara elegans). It resulted from crosses between two breeding lines originally selected at Delhi (80M11/80K2G). AC Maridel is adapted to the tobacco growing areas of Prince Edward Island. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, black root rot resistance

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21

Amankwa, G. A., S. Mishra, A. D. Shearer, R. Brammall, and D. L. Van Hooren. "CTH8 flue-cured tobacco hybrid." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 2 (March 2014): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-259.

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Amankwa, G. A., Mishra, S., Shearer, A. D., Brammall, R. and Van Hooren, D. L. 2014. CTH8 flue-cured tobacco hybrid. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 461–463. CTH8 is a new flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrid recommended for commercial release in Canada. It has superior grade index compared to the check varieties Delgold and CT157, and its yield potential is intermediate between the two checks.

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22

Wang, Wenda, Jianhua Yao, and Xiufang Cao. "Alkaloids from tobacco leaves: Isolation, alkaloid contents, and potential application as a natural pesticide against Bactrocera dorsalis." BioResources 17, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 1764–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.1764-1780.

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The essential oils from three different kinds of discarded tobacco leaves (flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco, and sun-cured yellow tobacco) were extracted and isolated, and their isolation method, alkaloid contents, and potential application as a natural pesticide against Bactrocera dorsalis were investigated. The yields of the crude extracts were ranked as follows: sun-cured yellow tobacco was greater than flue-cured tobacco, which was greater than burley tobacco; all their alkaloid contents were analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The total contents of the 4 primary alkaloids (nicotine, anatabine, nornicotine, and anabasine) in the extracts were as follows: flue-cured tobacco (62.1%) was greater than sun-cured yellow tobacco (58.2%), which was greater than burley tobacco (50.7%). The insecticidal activities of the extracts against Bactrocera dorsalis were evaluated via the stomach poisoning method, and the results indicated that sex had no considerable effect on the activity. Surprisingly, the activity of burley tobacco, which contained the lowest nicotine content, showed the best toxicity against Bactrocera dorsalis.

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23

Guo, Pei Guo, Yan Shi Xia, Rong Hua Li, Yong Hua Lü, Miao Wen Qiu, Wei Chai Zhao, and Yi Wen Yu. "Assessment of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines in Tobacco Genotypes." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.871.

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The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the most important groups of carcinoigens in tobacco leaf, knowing the difference of TSNAs contents in tobacco genotypes should be beneficial for breeding low TSNAs cultivars which could decrease the harmfulness to human health in tobacco products. For this purpose, 8 genotypes (include burley, sun-cured and flue-cured tobacco) were selected as materials, the TSNAs contents of uncured and cured leaves were assessed with LC-MS/MS. The results showed that TSNAs contents were significantly increased after curing in all genotypes. The mean TSNAs contents of leaves before and after curing in burley were the highest among three types of tobacco, and the contents in sun-cured tobacco were the lowest. Coefficient of variation (CV) of TSNAs among genotypes in burley was higher than that in flue-cured and sun-cured tobacco, and the CV in sun-cured tobacco was the lowest. The positive correlation was observed in NNN, NAT and total TSNAs contents between uncured and cured leaves in three types of tobacco. Therefore, the TSNAs contents in uncured leaves could be considered as evaluation index to screen tobacco cultivars with the low TSNAs contents.

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24

Ren, Yan Fang, Jun Yu He, Dong Liu, Yan Chao Zhang, and Hui Qing Chang. "Effects of Silcon on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation by Flue-Cured Tobacco." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.608.

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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.

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25

GHOLIZADEH, Soheila, Reza DARVISHZADEH, Babak ABDOLLAHI MANDOULAKANI, Iraj BERNOUSI, Seyed Reza ALAVI, and Ardashir KHARABIAN MASOULEH. "Molecular Characterization and Similarity Relationships among Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Genotypes Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4027169.

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Characterization of genetic diversity has long been a major goal in tobacco breeding programs. Information on genetic diversity is essential for a rational use of genetic resources. In the present study, the genetic variation among 72 flue-cured tobacco genotypes was evaluated using microsatellite markers (SSRs). A set of 104 alleles was generated at 30 SSR loci. The mean number of alleles per locus (na) and the effective allele number (ne) were 3.467 and 2.358, respectively. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 with average of 0.54. Several methods were used to construct the similarity matrices and dendrograms. The co-phenetic correlation coefficient, which is a measure of the correlation between the similarities represented on the dendrograms and the actual degree of similarity, was calculated for each dendrogram. Among the different methods, the highest value (r=0.76368) was observed for the UPGMA created based on Jaccardâ€™s similarity coefficients. The genetic similarity among the tobacco genotypes calculated by using Jaccardâ€™s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.08 to 0.84, suggesting the presence of high molecular genetic variability among the studied tobacco genotypes. Based on UPGMA clustering method all studied flue-cured tobacco genotypes, except for â€˜Glustinusa Rashtâ€™, were placed in three distinct groups. We observed an obvious heterotic pattern in the studied flue-cured germplasm corresponding to genetic distances and classification dendrogram, which persuades exploitation of heterosis in flue-cured tobaccos.

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26

Amankwa, G. A., S. Mishra, A. D. Shearer, C. Saude, D. L. Van Hooren, and M. D. Richmond. "CTH144 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 966–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0328.

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CTH144 is a new flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrid recommended for commercial release in Canada. The cured leaf quality of CTH144 was superior to both check varieties Delgold and CT157. The yield potential of CTH144 was intermediate compared with the checks. As a result, the economic return of CTH144 is superior to both check varieties. CTH144 has resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. CTH144 is adapted to the tobacco-growing areas of southwestern Ontario.

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27

Zhang, Ying, and Li Yuan He. "A Preliminary Study on the near Infrared Spectral Characteristics of Purchased Flue-Cured Tobacco." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 2027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2027.

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In order to explore the application of near-infrared spectrum technology in the grading of purchased flue-cured tobacco, positive group of flue-cured tobacco with different grades was gathered; the near-infrared spectral data across different grades, in the same grade, and different test zones of the same tobacco leaf were determined and acquired to analyze their near-infrared spectral characteristics and their representativeness. The findings indicated that the positive group of flue-cured tobacco was highly homogeneous; there was identical near-infrared spectral characteristics in any zone of the same tobacco leaf; the peaks and troughs of wave length of the near-infrared spectral characteristics of different samples with identical grade were also consistent, with extremely insignificant difference in reflectivity; the near-infrared spectral difference between the tobacco leaves with different grades was much more significant than that in different test zones of the same tobacco leaf. It was highly probable to take the reflectance ratio of the peaks and troughs of wave length as the standard for grade classification. It is feasible to appraise the quality of purchased flue-cured tobacco using near-infrared spectral data.

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28

Chen, Yanjie, Ke Ren, Xian He, Yi Chen, Binbin Hu, Xiaodong Hu, Junying Li, Yan Jin, Zhengxiong Zhao, and Congming Zou. "The response of flue-cured tobacco cultivar K326 to nitrogen fertilizer rate in China." Journal of Agricultural Science 158, no. 5 (July 2020): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859620000738.

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AbstractNitrogen is an important element for the growth of flue-cured tobacco and is closely related to its yield and quality. In order to pursue higher economic benefits, excessive fertilizer is generally applied in flue-cured tobacco production, which is unfavourable for the sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production and for the environment. In 2016 and 2017, experiments using different nitrogen fertilizer application rates in flue-cure tobacco were conducted in Yunnan province, and the changes in agronomic, economic and chemical indices as well as in residual soil nitrogen were compared. Linear and quadratic models were used to compare the response of tobacco to nitrogen fertilizer. With increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate, the proportions of superior to medium tobacco and the average price of flue-cured tobacco leaves initially increased and then decreased, while fresh weight, dry weight and the proportion of inferior tobacco showed the opposite trend. Total sugar and reducing sugar contents decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates, while total nitrogen and nicotine contents increased. Sensory evaluation scores had the highest value when 90 kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha were applied. Soil nitrate contents increased as nitrogen fertilizer rate increased. The quadratic model was suitable for the response of cultivar K326 to nitrogen and 90 kg N/ha could meet the needs of cultivar K326.

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Tan, Chao, Dongsheng Yang, Saibo Yu, Ke Li, Haifeng Tan, Hongmei Fan, Shitai Wang, et al. "Effect and Mechanism of High-Pressure Processing: A Case Study of Flue-Cured Tobacco." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 27, no. 7 (September 1, 2017): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cttr-2017-0017.

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Summary After a high-pressure processing (HPP) treatment sensory evaluation of flue-cured tobacco showed modifications. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the routine chemical components (total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, and total nitrogen) of flue-cured tobacco after high-pressure processing treatment (HPP sample) and that of an untreated control group (CG). An overall judgement, which can be made from the observations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is that HPP could compress the inner tunnel and tissue gap in a flue-cured tobacco leaf. However, the ultrastructure, such as the cellular cytoskeleton, would not be changed. Compared with CG, the apparent density of the HPP sample rose by 19.3%, while the true density only rose by 1.4%. This also explained that the main effect of high-pressure processing on flue-cured tobacco was microstructure compression rather than compression on the ultrastructure level. The differences between the lamina (leaf-shaped) sample, which were caused by high-pressure processing, were reflected in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). When the same tests were carried out using a sample that was milled to a powder, however, these differences were nearly removed. The milling process destroyed most of the microstructure of the flue-cured tobacco lamina; therefore, the results of THz-TDS, STA, and Py-GC/MS confirmed the hypothesis: That 400 MPa high-pressure processing treatment minimally changes the ultrastructure of flue-cured tobacco and only changes its relatively larger microstructure.

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Wang, Anran, Bin Cai, Lili Fu, Miao Liang, Xiangdong Shi, Bing Wang, Nan Deng, and Bin Li. "Analysis of Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Cigar Tobacco and Flue-Cured Tobacco by TG-FTIR." Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2021-0004.

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Summary Investigation of the detailed pyrolysis characteristics of tobacco raw materials is important for the understanding of product design and consumption. In this work, pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic models of cigar filler tobacco (CFT), cigar wrapper tobacco (CWT), and flue-cured tobacco (FCT) were investigated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The pyrolysis of different tobacco samples could be divided into four stages based on the derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) curves. Flue-cured tobacco underwent a marked decomposition process at lower temperatures (about 200 °C), while the thermal decomposition of cigar tobacco occurs at higher temperatures. During the pyrolysis process, evolved gases including H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, carbonyls, alcohols, phenols and aromatic compounds were detected by FTIR. CWT released more CO2 than CFT, while the amount of CO2, CH4, CO and aromatic compounds released by flue-cured tobacco was lower than that of cigar tobacco. The pyrolysis kinetics of tobacco leaves were further analyzed and compared through the isoconversional FWO (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa) and KAS (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose) methods. The activation energy of FCT (from 100.1 kJ mol−1 to 192.1 kJ mol−1) was lower than that of CFT (from 207.36 kJ mol−1 to 319.28 kJ mol−1) and CWT (from 160.40 kJ mol−1 to 260.45 kJ mol−1). The thermal decomposition kinetics of different tobaccos were analyzed by Málek and Coats-Redfern methods.

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Radojicic, Vesna, and Olga Cvetkovic. "Heavy metal content in flue cured and air cured tobaccos from main production areas in Serbia." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 49, no. 2 (2004): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0402159r.

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The aim of this work was to examine the influence of growing conditions on heavy metal content in virginia (flue cured) and burley (air cured) tobacco type. Moreover, some of these metals could appear in the tobacco cigarette smoke. This fact may cause negative consequences for cigarette consumers. Examinations were carried out in five various production areas, for each tobacco type, during two years, 1998 and 1999; those were extreme years for production. Considering the results, it can be concluded: The most important factor for heavy metal content in tobacco leaves are weather conditions especially the amount of rainfall, since there is a direct correlation between the rainfall and size of roots, a dominant vegetation organ. It is inevitable that the metals content in flue cured and air cured tobaccos grown at different experimental lots, is still below the legally prescribed values. Tobacco leaves from Sabac production area have a little higher metal content than tobacco grown in other production areas, because a larger amount of copper was found. The metal content in plants can increase because of its absorption from soil, atmosphere, or mineral fertilizers and pesticides, and, what is very important, the content of metals can be high due to the vicinity of large industrial centers.

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32

Fu, Na, Xiaoyu Song, Lu Xia, Lanjun Li, and Xiaogang Liu. "Characteristics and cause analysis of flue-cured tobacco's water requirements during growth periods in low latitude plateau area, China." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.296.

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Abstract This study aimed to identify the future changes in water requirements (ETc) of flue-cured tobacco by comparing estimated ETc values in the future with previous usage. This will provide a basis for estimating irrigation requirements, and help improve agricultural water use efficiency in the future. The Penman–Monteith equation and the single-crop efficient method were used to calculate the flue-cured tobacco ETc, net irrigation requirement (IR) and net irrigation requirement index (IDI) for the period 1956–2015, and the four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 emission scenarios were used to estimate ETc for two future periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100) in the central Yunnan Province, China. The results showed that the IDI gradually decreased, along with the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The ETc, IR and IDI values increased with latitude in central Yunnan Province. Furthermore, the variations in the ETc over the whole growth period in the mid-21st century and late-21st century also tended to increase with latitude. In addition, based on the influence of climate variation on the ETc as assessed by a principal component analysis, precipitation was the main factor affecting flue-cured tobacco growth. This study contributes to the establishment of suitable irrigation systems for flue-cured tobacco at every growth stage in central Yunnan Province.

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McPherson, Robert M., M. L. Padgett, and L. Googe. "Tobacco Budworm Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.234.

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Abstract Flue-cure tobacco 'Var. NC NF37 was transplanted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga., on 26 Mar. Plots 4 rows wide (36 in apart) × 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were separated by single untreated border rows with the center 2 rows of each plot being sprayed. Blocks were separated on each end by 4 ft vacant alleys. Seven insecticide treatments were applied on 18 May, 25 May, and 1 Jun to control small tobacco budworm (TBW) larvae which had increased to a density of 2.5 per 8 plants (economic threshold is 1 per 10 plants). The foliar sprays were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 23.6 GPA of formulation at 35 psi. Three TX-12 nozzles were arranged directly over each treated row. TBW populations/8 plants were determined prior to treatment and 3 and 7 DAT after the first spray, 3 and 6 DAT after the second application and 4 DAT after the final spray. Plants were examined for TBW defoliation 10 days after the last application, and each plot was harvested during mid-Jun to early Jul.

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34

Crowe, Bert D., J. Delano Taylor, Robert M. McPherson, and M. Leonard Wells. "Tobacco Aphid Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.325a.

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35

Taylor, J. Delano, Bert D. Crowe, Robert M. McPherson, and C. Scott Bundy. "Controlling Tobacco Aphids on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.331.

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36

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CTH14 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08071.

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CTH14 is the second flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrid recommended for commercial release in Canada. The yield of CTH14 is significantly superior to that of CT157, one of two check varieties, while the grade index is superior to the other check variety Delgold. As a result, the economic return of CTH14 is significantly superior to both check varieties. CTH14 has uniform growth both in the greenhouse and in the field. Leaf quality traits of CTH14 are far superior to Delgold, as well as most other commercial varieties in Ontario.Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, hybrid, male sterility, black root rot, cultivar description

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37

Haji, H. M., S. Mishra, and M. DeVos. "CTH2 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-146.

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CTH2 is the first flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrid recommended for commercial release in Canada. Yields and economic returns of CTH2 are significantly higher than the check varieties, Delgold and CT157. It has uniform growth both in the greenhouse and in the field, and is resistant to black root rot disease (Chalara elegans Nag Raj and Kendrick, causal agent). Leaf quality traits of CTH2 are far superior to Delgold, as well as commercial varieties that are also immune to black root rot disease. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, hybrid, male sterility, black root rot, cultivar description

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38

Uriyo, A. P., B. R. Singh, J. P. Mrema, and M. Kilasara. "Nutrient Requirement of Flue-Cured Tobacco." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 55, no. 3 (January 1990): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1990.11663580.

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39

Marchetti, Rosa, Fabio Castelli, and Renato Contillo. "Nitrogen Requirements for Flue-Cured Tobacco." Agronomy Journal 98, no. 3 (May 2006): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0105.

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40

Liao, Fu, Yongsheng Li, Wenmiao He, Jinxin Tie, Xianwei Hao, Yunong Tian, Shitou Li, et al. "Evaluation of aroma styles in flue-cured tobacco by near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric algorithms." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 28, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033519898892.

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Aroma style is a complex but critical sensory indicator of flue-cured tobacco. Near infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the aroma style of flue-cured tobacco. A model screening-sensory validation strategy is herein proposed to overcome obstacles such as the subjectivity of sensory evaluation. Samples with exemplary styles and consistent opinion from a panel were selected as typical samples. Only typical samples were used for modeling. Other samples (atypical samples) were predicted through the proposed model. With references to sensory evaluation, the predictive accuracy reached to 100 and 79.0% for typical and atypical samples, respectively. This method provided a new perspective to evaluate the aroma styles of flue-cured tobacco by a combination of sensory evaluation and chemical analysis.

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41

ARSENAULT, W. J. "EFFECT OF TOPPING HEIGHT AND STAGE OF FLORAL DEVELOPMENT AT TOPPING ON YIELD AND TOTAL ALKALOIDS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-031.

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Topping flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at the stretch bud stage of floral development increased yield and total alkaloid level of the leaves compared to topping at first open bloom or full flower stages of floral development. An increase in topping height increased yield and decreased level of total alkaloids.Key words: Tobacco (flue-cured), total alkaloids, floral development, yield, topping height

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42

Jin, Li Ying, and Yun Zhu. "The Research about Mini-Ridging Machine of Tobacco." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.727.

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Yunnan is cured country, but special machinery and equipment design and manufacturing level is low, the development and use of infancy. Distributing in a mountainous area tobacco region, still with animal , manual operation, limiting the labor efficiency and raising the level of modern. Therefore, this study intends to design of use Solid Works software and flue-cured tobacco supporting the weight of the light intensity is good, easy to install micro-ridge, the main research of rotary tillers supporting flue-cured tobacco ridging bodies planting in hilly smaller plots smooth operations, improve the adaptability to make up for the deficiencies of the large ridge.

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43

Ramsey, A. Ford, and Roderick M. Rejesus. "Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Measuring Varietal Improvement in Tobacco Yield and Quality." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, no. 4 (November 2021): 563–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.25.

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AbstractWe measure the economic impact of varietal improvement and technological change in flue-cured tobacco across quantity (e.g., yield) and quality dimensions under a voluntary quality constraint. Since 1961, flue-cured tobacco breeders in the United States have been subject to the Minimum Standards Program that sets limits on acceptable quality characteristics for commercial tobacco varieties. We implement a Bayesian hierarchical model to measure the contribution of breeding efforts to changes in tobacco yields and quality between 1954 and 2017. The Bayesian model addresses limited data for varieties in the trials and allows easy generation of the necessary parameters of economic interest.

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44

Holt, BS, DM Chilton, and JA Sampson. "Factors Effecting Discolouration and Carbonization of Unmanufactured Flue-cured Tobacco." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 13, no. 2 (December 1, 1985): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0561.

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AbstractModern advances in the mechanical processing of unmanufactured tobacco have developed conditions which could be favourable for the discolouration, carbonization, and possible pyrogenic reaction of flue-cured tobacco. Severe carbonization has been found in flue-cured tobaccos with moisture, packed temperature, and packed densities as low as 11 %, 40°C, and 370 kg / m3 respectively, and sugar contents as low as 14 % (moisture-free basis). We have focused our investigation on the redrying, prizing, and storage processes. The parameters chosen for this study included moisture content, packed temperature and packed density, and the insulative effects of packing containers as well as the effect of row position in storage. Data from the redrying and prizing processes were recorded for each container of tobacco. The tobacco temperature was monitored every four hours for the first 72 hours after packing and periodically thereafter when conditions so indicated. Samples for colour comparison and chemical analysis were taken at the beginning of each test, after 72 hours in storage and later as necessary. Key factors identified were packed density, moisture content and sustained internal temperature. A model for carbonization is proposed and an extension is made for the pyrogenic reaction.

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45

Shao, Xiao Hou, Wei Na Wang, Ting Ting Chang, Li Hua Chen, Bo Jun Deng, and Yao Fu Wang. "Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tobacco." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.133.

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Based on field experiment, the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of tobacco under different nitrogen levels were studied in Hunan province, China. The results show that the evaportranspiration (ET) of flue-cured tobacco dealt with N2 (90kg N fertilizers per ha) gets to the maximum. In addition, the vigorous period has the maximum ET due to the critical period of water requirement. The linear relationship is established among fertilization, yield and water use efficiency. Reasonable fertilizer application can increase water use efficiency and flue-cured tobacco yield.

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46

LAMARRE, MICHEL, and SUZANNE PAYETTE. "RENDEMENT ET QUALITÉ DU TABAC À CIGARETTE FERTILISÉ AVEC DIFFÉRENTES FORMES D'AZOTE." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-078.

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The effects of three forms of nitrogen on flue-cured tobacco production were observed for 5 yr. Significant effects were obtained for yield, quality, gross return and total nitrogen. No significant differences were found for maturity, total alkaloids or reducing sugars. The data showed that the use of a fertilizer containing 75% nitrogen in the form of [Formula: see text] or urea and 25% as [Formula: see text] produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics. Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen forms, nitrogen sources, nitrate [Formula: see text], ammonium [Formula: see text], urea

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47

GAYBD, S. K. "DODDER IN TOBACCO SEEDBEDS IN ONTARIO AND ITS CONTROL." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-059.

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Dodder, a stem parasite on flue-cured tobacco seedlings in Ontario has been identified as Cuscuta gronovii Willd. A 3-yr trial demonstrated that proper sterilization of the tobacco seedbed with steam or methyl bromide eradicated dodder. Sterilization with allyl alcohol or dazomet reduced but did not eradicate dodder. Dodder equally parasitized peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.), an ornamental (Begonia sp.) and five common weeds: Stellaria media L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Medicago lupulina L. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Cuscuta gronovii, control, organic soil, dodder

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48

LAMARRE, MICHEL, and SUZANNE PAYETTE. "LA FERTILISATION DU TABAC À CIGARETTE À L’AIDE D’ENGRAIS CONCENTRÉ." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-038.

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During 5 yr, we studied the effect of ratio and concentration of N:P:K on flue-cured tobacco production. Each of the five ratios was studied at three different concentrations. The ratio 1:4:6 was superior to the ratios with a lower concentration of phosphorus such as 1:2:3 and 1:1:3. No significant differences within agronomic and chemical data resulted with the concentration of fertilizers within a ratio. The data showed the possibilities of increasing concentrated fertilizers in tobacco production.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ratio and concentrated fertilizer

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49

Lamarre, Michel, and Suzanne Payette. "Influence de la fertilisation azotée sur la production du tabac à cigarette au Québec." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-046.

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The effect of nitrogen applications on flue-cured tobacco production and chemical composition have been observed for 5 yr. The nitrogen applications resulted in an increase of yield, gross return, total alkaloids and total nitrogen and a decrease of quality index, maturity index, reducing sugars and ratio of reducing sugars:total alkaloids. The use of 30–45 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, depending on soil type and the cultivar, produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, yield, quality, gross return, total alkaloids, total N, reducing sugars

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50

Hongfeng WANG. "Design of Flue-cured Tobacco Control System." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 5, no. 9 (May 31, 2013): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol5.issue9.77.

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