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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flue Gas Desulfurization slurry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Norris, Pauline Rose Hack. "Arsenic and Selenium Distribution in Coal-Fired Plant Samples." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/52.

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Arsenic and selenium distributions in coal-fired plant samples are studied. This research includes arsenic and selenium concentrations in samples of coal, fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash, Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) slurry and flue gas taken from four power plants with the goal being to examine the distribution of these metals in these materials and calculate a materials balance for the system. All samples were analyzed using ICP-ES. This research shows that 60-80% of the arsenic in coal-fired plant samples will be associated with the fly ash. Approximately 35-55% of the selenium will be associated with the fly ash and approximately 30-40% will be associated with the FGD slurry materials. The amount of arsenic and selenium present in the flue gases escaping the stack is very little, 6-7% or less. Hopefully, research in this area will be helpful when setting emissions limits, identifying and disposing of hazardous wastes and improving air pollution control devices for maximum metal removal.

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2

Scott, Kevin David. "Electrochemical flue gas desulfurization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11145.

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3

Chiang, Ray-Kuang. "Calcium-based sorbents for flue gas desulfurization." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1062008694.

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4

Carr, Kathryn E. "Evaluation of modified dry limestone process for flue gas desulfurization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43382.

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5

Martin, Gregory Dean. "Microbial Community Composition and Activities in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1493919370366314.

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6

Taerakul, Panuwat. "Characterization of trace elements in dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1119038889.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 173 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-173). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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7

Iannacone, Meg M. "Evaluation of equalization basins as initial treatment for flue gas desulfurization waters." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202418446/.

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8

Pasini, Rachael A. "An Evaluation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum for Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250605536.

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9

Paredez, Jose Miguel. "Coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18255.

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Master of Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Natalie Mladenov
In the United States approximately 37% of the 4 trillion kWh of electricity is generated annually by combusting coal (USEPA, 2013). The abundance of coal, ease of storage, and transportation makes it affordable at a global scale (Ghose, 2009). However, the flue gas produced by combusting coal affects human health and the environment (USEPA, 2013). To comply with federal regulations coal-fired power plants have been implementing sulfur dioxide scrubbing systems such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems (Alvarez-Ayuso et al., 2006). Although FGD systems have proven to reduce atmospheric emissions they create wastewater containing harmful pollutants. Constructed wetlands are increasingly being employed for the removal of these toxic trace elements from FGD wastewater. In this study the effectiveness of using a constructed wetland treatment system was explored as a possible remediation technology to treat FGD wastewater from a coal-fired power plant in Kansas. To simulate constructed wetlands, a continuous flow-through column experiment was conducted with undiluted FGD wastewater and surface sediment from a power plant in Kansas. To optimize the performance of a CWTS the following hypotheses were tested: 1) decreasing the flow rate improves the performance of the treatment wetlands due to an increase in reaction time, 2) the introduction of microbial cultures (inoculum) will increase the retention capacity of the columns since constructed wetlands improve water quality through biological process, 3) the introduction of a labile carbon source will improve the retention capacity of the columns since microorganisms require an electron donor to perform life functions such as cell maintenance and synthesis. Although the FGD wastewater collected possessed a negligible concentration of arsenic, the mobilization of arsenic has been observed in reducing sediments of wetland environments. Therefore, constructed wetlands may also represent an environment where the mobilization of arsenic is possible. This led us to test the following hypothesis: 4) Reducing environments will cause arsenic desorption and dissolution causing the mobilization of arsenic. As far as removal of the constituents of concern (arsenic, selenium, nitrate, and sulfate) in the column experiments, only sulfate removal increased as a result of decreasing the flow rate by half (1/2Q). In addition, sulfate-S exhibited greater removal as a result of adding organic carbon to the FGD solution when compared to the control (at 1/2Q). Moderate selenium removal was observed; over 60% of selenium in the influent was found to accumulate in the soil. By contrast, arsenic concentrations increased in the effluent of the 1/2Q columns, most likely by dissolution and release of sorbed arsenic. When compared to the control (at 1/2Q), arsenic dissolution decreased as a result of adding inoculum to the columns. Dissolved arsenic concentrations in the effluent of columns with FGD solution amended with organic carbon reached 168 mg/L. These results suggest that native Kansas soils placed in a constructed wetland configuration and amended with labile carbon do possess an environment where the mobilization of arsenic is possible.

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10

Barlas, Sajid Ali 1961. "Redox Transformations and Sulfur Speciation in Flue Gas Desulferization Sludge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191187.

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Changes in redox potential (Eh), major sulfur species and the solubility of selenium and boron in reduced flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge, when exposed to atmosphere were studied in laboratory experiments. Also the effect of organic carbon and temperature on reduction of FGD sludge and changes in concentration of major S species was studied. Stable isotopic ratios of sulfur and carbon compounds were used to investigate the possible pathways of S transformation in FGD sludge disposal site. Oxidation of reduced sludge appears to be a two step process, a fast step of chemical oxidation followed by a slow step of biological oxidation and is significantly affected by moisture content and mixing of the sludge. With the addition of organic carbon Eh of the FGD sludge dropped exponentially and reduction of sulfate initiated at Eh of about -75 mV and was maximum in the range of -265 to -320 mV. Temperatur8e of the profile and organic carbon appear to be the key factors affecting the rate and extent of reduction in flooded FGD sludge. Selenium solubility decreased four times as Eh dropped from 215 mV to -350 mV while boron solubility was unchanged in this range of Eh. Stable isotopic ratio of sulfate and sulfide are typical of bacterial reduction and suggest that only aqueous sulfate was being reduced. The low δ³⁴S values of CaSO₄ from the upper layers of profile indicate the production and upward movement of hydrogen sulfide gas in the FGD sludge.

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11

Duespohl, Dale W. "Modeling and optimization of a cross-flow, moving-bed, flue gas desulfurization reactor." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179511746.

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12

Sun, Ping. "Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101932335.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Document formatted into pages; contains 254p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Dec. 1.

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13

Eggert, Derek Anderson. "Constructed wetland treatment system an approach for mitigating risks of flue gas desulfurization waters /." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249066367/.

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14

Talley, Mary Katherine. "Analysis of a pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system for flue gas desulfurization wastewater." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15070.

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Master of Science
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Stacy L. Hutchinson
Coal-fired generation accounts for 45% of the United States electricity and generates harmful emissions, such as sulfur dioxide. With the implementation of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems, sulfur dioxide is removed as an air pollutant and becomes a water pollutant. Basic physical/chemical wastewater treatment can be used to treat FGD wastewater, but increased regulations of effluent water quality have created a need for better, more economical wastewater treatment systems, such as constructed wetlands. At Jeffrey Energy Center, north of St. Mary’s, KS, a pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system (CWTS) was implemented to treat FGD wastewater before releasing the effluent into the Kansas River. The objectives of this study were to 1.) determine if a portable water quality meter could be used to assess water quality and track pollutant concentrations, 2.) develop a water balance of the CTWS, 3.) generate a water use coefficient for the CWTS, and 4.) create a mass balance on the pollutants of concern. Water quality measurements were taken with a HORIBA U-50 Series Multi Water Quality Checker and compared to analytical water tests provided by Continental Analytic Services, Inc. (CAS) (Salina, KS). The water balance was created by comparing inflows and outflows of data determined through flow meters and a Vantage Pro2™ weather station. Information from the on-site weather station was also used to compute the system water use coefficient. Water sampling was conducted from date to date at 10 locations within the CWTS. In general, there was little to no relationship between the HORIBA water quality measurements and the analytical water tests. Therefore, it was recommended that JEC continue to send water samples on a regular basis to an analytical testing laboratory to assess the CWTS function and track pollutants of concern. Because the water balance was conducted during system initiation, there was a great deal of fluctuation due to problems with the pumping system, issues with the upstream FGD treatment system, extreme weather events, and immature vegetation. This fluctuation resulted in the system having a non-steady state operation, which weakened the ability to calculate a system water use coefficient. However, during periods of strong system function, the water use coefficient was similar to previous studies with maximum water use being approximately equal to the reference evapotranspiration. The results of the mass balance indicated high removals mercury, selenium, and fluoride, but low removals of boron, manganese, chloride, and sulfate were exported from the CWTS.

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15

Chang, Sen-min. "Preliminary investigation on flue gas desulfurization in an in-duct spray dryer using condensation aerosols." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183659888.

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16

Stein, Antoinette Weil. "Investigation of the Chemical Pathway for Gaseous Nitrogen Dioxide Formation during Flue Gas Desulfurization with Dry Sodium Bicarbonate Injection." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin997940666.

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17

Sanghavi, Urvi. "Novel Regenerable Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment from Wet Flue Gas Scrubbers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin147982088374556.

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18

Kaur, Harpreet. "IMPACTS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION GYPSUM APPLICATION ON WATER QUALITY AND CROP PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2741.

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Intensified farming has led to concerns regarding the fate of applied nutrients especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Phosphorus loss from agriculture fields has been linked to eutrophication of streams, rivers, and lakes, formation of hypoxic zones, and deterioration of economic services. In order to reduce these losses and promote sustainable uses of fertilizers, the agricultural community needs to explore more options to minimize nutrient losses while sustaining high crop yields. The purpose of this research was to evaluate different application rates of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum for reducing P losses in surface runoff and to determine the effectiveness of FGD gypsum for improving soil physical conditions and their impact on plant growth. Reductions in P losses have been documented from the use of FGD gypsum as a soil amendment in other mid-western states and regions like Ohio and Indiana, but more research is needed to identify it’s effectiveness in southern Illinois soils. This project was divided into two studies: a surface runoff study and yield plot study. The four treatments for the surface runoff study were as follows: gypsum at 2.24 Mg ha-1, gypsum at 4.48 Mg ha-1, gypsum at 13.45 Mg ha-1 and control (no-treatment). For the yield plot study, treatments were as follows: gypsum at 2.24 Mg ha-1, lime as a source of Ca at 1.65 Mg ha-1, elemental sulfur as a source of S at 0.5 Mg ha-1 and control (no-treatment). Both studies were under corn-soybean rotation. Surface runoff flumes were installed in summer 2018 at SIU Farms and yield plots were laid out in fall 2018 at SIU Farms and at field’s of two regional producers. Treatments were hand-applied at the runoff study site and a mechanical spreader was used at the yield plot site. Pre-treatment and post-treatment soil samples were collected in fall following crop harvesting at depth of 0-15 cm from yield plots and at 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm from surface runoff study. Surface runoff samples were collected after each significant rainfall event (≥12.5 mm) and runoff volume was measured. Soil bulk density, infiltration rates, penetration resistance, standard fertility analysis and crop yield were also compared among treatments. For the duration of this study (December 2018- January 2020), the mean annual precipitation and temperature were higher than the 10-year mean for the area. The event mean load and concentration values of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) reduced significantly in all gypsum treatments compared to control (p<0.1) during initial post-gypsum application period. This load reduction was attributed to binding of Ca in gypsum with soil P. Whereas, following fertilizer application DRP and TP values were not significantly different in treatments compared to control. However, there was no significant treatment effect on the mean concentration and load values of total suspended solids (TSS). No significances were found when analyzing corn yield among the treatments. There were no significant differences in soil bulk density and soil infiltration rate. Statistical comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment soil fertility data in surface runoff study at 0-5 cm depth showed significant reduction in Mg in in all of the treatments and increase in S at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depth in treatments 4.48 Mg ha-1 & 13.45 Mg ha-1 compared to control. No significant difference was observed in Ca and Bray I P concentrations at two depths 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm. There was a significant change in Ca, S, Mg and Bray I P in the soil samples collected from yield plot study except S value in sulfur treatment only, which was significantly different from other treatments and control values. After one year of treatment application, mainly water quality was improved with reduction in TP losses from field and no other benefits such as improved soil physical properties, increased crop yield were observed. In the coming years, differences may occur as soil properties changes as gypsum continue to dissociate into the soil. Thus, this work presents evidence that soils with high STP levels could be amended with FGD gypsum to reduce P in runoff without any significant environmental consequences, such as heavy metal contamination. Therefore, use of FGD gypsum as a conservation practice needs to be thoroughly investigated at a larger scale and for a longer period.

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19

Norman, Christian G. III. "Design of a bench scale apparatus for the evaluation of the gamma alumina flue gas desulfurization process." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184071211.

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20

Darmastuti, Zhafira. "SiC-FET Gas Sensors Developed for Control of the Flue Gas Desulfurization System in Power Plants Experimental and Modeling : Experimental and Modeling." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tillämpad sensorvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106224.

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Electricity and power generation is an essential part of our life. However, powergeneration activities also create by-products (such as sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides,carbon monoxide, etc), which can be dangerous when released to the atmosphere.Sensors, as part of the control system, play very vital role for the fluegas cleaning processes in power plants. This thesis concerns the development ofSilicon Carbide Field Effect Transistor (SiC-FET) gas sensors as sensors for sulfurcontaining gases (SO2 and H2S) used as part of the environmental control systemin power plants. The works includes sensor deposition and assembly, sensinglayer characterization, operation mode development, performance testing of thesensors in a gas mixing rig in the laboratory and field test in a desulfurization pilotunit, and both experimental and theoretical studies on the detection mechanismof the sensors. The sensor response to SO2 was very small and saturated quickly. SO2 is a verystable gas and therefore reaction with other species requires a large energy input.SO2 mostly reacts with the catalyst through physisorption, which results in lowresponse level. Another problem was that once it finally reacted with oxygen andadsorbed on the surface of the catalyst in form of a sulfate compound, it is desorbedwith difficulty. Therefore, the sensor signal saturated after a certain timeof exposure to SO2. Different gate materials were tested in static operation (Pt,Ir, Au), but the saturation phenomena occurred in all three cases. Dynamic sensoroperation using temperature cycling and multivariate data analysis could mitigatethis problem. Pt-gate sensors were operated at several different temperatures in acyclic fashion. One of the applied temperatures was chosen to be very high for ashort time to serve as cleaning step. This method was also termed the virtual multisensor method because the data generated could represent the data from multiplesensors in static operation at different temperatures. Then, several features of thesignal, such as mean value and slope, were extracted and processed with multivariatedata analysis. Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA) was chosen since itiiiallows controlled data analysis. It was shown that it was possible to quantify SO2with a 2-step LDA. The background was identified in the first step and SO2 wasquantified in the second step. Pt sensors in dynamic operation and 2-step LDAevaluation has also demonstrated promising results for SO2 measurement in thelaboratory as well as in a desulfurization pilot unit. For a commercial sensor, algorithmhave to be developed to enable on-line measurement in real time. It was observed that Ir-gate sensors at 350oC were very sensitive to H2S. The responseobtained by Ir sensors to H2S was almost five times larger than that of Ptsensors, which might be due to the higher oxygen coverage of Ir. Moreover, Irsensors were also more stable with less drift during the operation as a result ofhigher thermal stability. However, the recovery time for Ir sensors was very long,due to the high desorption energy. Overall, the Ir sensors performed well whentested for a leak detection application (presence of oxygen and dry environment).The geothermal application, where heat is extracted from the earth, requires thesensor to be operated in humid condition in the absence (or very low concentration)of oxygen, and this poses a problem. Temperature cycle operation and smartdata evaluation might also be an option for future development. Along with the sensor performance testing, a study on the detection mechanismwas also performed for SO2 sensor, both experimentally and theoretically. The experimentincluded the study of the species formed on the surface of the catalystwith DRIFT (diffuse reflectance infrared frourier transform) spectroscopy and theanalysis of the residual gas with mass spectroscopy. Explanatory investigation ofthe surface reactions was performed using quantum-chemical calculations. Theoreticalcalculations of the infrared (IR) vibration spectra was employed to supportthe identification of peaks in the DRIFT measurement. Based on the study on theresidual gas analysis and quantum-chemical calculations, a reaction mechanismfor the SO2 molecule adsorption on the sensor surface was suggested.

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21

Kirch, James Paul. "Potential Use of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum in a Flowable Grout for Re-mining of Abandoned Coal Mines." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313779918.

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22

Tseng, Chao-Heng. "Enhanced Pulsed Corona Method for the Removal of SO2 and NOx from Combustion Gas in a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin962380157.

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23

Rudisell, Michael T. "Evaluation of the Broken Aro flue-gas desulfurization sludge mine seal project to abate acid mine drainage located in coshocton county, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175630479.

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24

Hao, Yue-Li. "Inhibition of acid production in coal refuse amended with calcium sulfite and calcium sulfite-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950153600539.

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25

Lee, Hsiung Hseng. "A study of SO 2removal with char from flash arbonization process at Ohio University." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184012532.

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26

Buelna, Quijada Genoveva. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOL-GEL SORBENTS FOR SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES FROM FLUE GAS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006200391.

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27

Khalaf, Adam. "Evaluation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as a Novel Precipitant for the Removal and Recovery of Phosphorus from Anaerobic Digestion Effluent." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480334876351851.

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28

Thomas, Jed H. "Evaluation of the flue gas desulfurization mine seal and sedimentation pond at Broken Aro Mine Reclamation Site located in Coshocton County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1177443117.

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29

Isaacs, Justin Douglas. "Development and Commercialization of an Ozone Generator for the Oxidation of Mercury in Flue Gasses." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1367332511.

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30

Galkaduwa, Madhubhashini Buddhika. "Mechanistic understanding of fate and transport of selenium, arsenic, and sulfur in a pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system designed for flue-gas desulfurization wastewater." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20574.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Ganga M. Hettiarachchi
Constructed wetland treatment systems (CWTSs) are an alternative adaptation for flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater purification. A series of laboratory-based soil column studies mimicking a pilot-scale CWTS was carried out to evaluate the performance of the treatment system in detail. The main objectives of studies were to (1) understand the transport characteristics, retention capacity and transformation of selenium and other FGD constituents in the CWTS, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of soil treatments and influent flow rate on the performance of the CWTS, and (3) develop a mechanistic understanding of the CWTS performance through monitoring interrelationships of selenium (Se), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and sulfur (S). Ferrihydrite (1% w/w), and labile organic carbon (OC) were used as soil treatments. Different influent flow rates, X (1.42 mL/hour), 2X, or 1/2X were used depending on the objectives of each study. Deoxygenated 1:1 mixture of FGD: raw water was the influent. It was delivered to the saturated columns with an upward flow. Effluent samples were collected continuously, and analyzed for constituents of concern. End of these experiments, soil from sectioned columns were used for total elemental analysis, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) for Se, and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Results indicated a complete Se retention by the columns. Boron, and fluorine partially retained whereas sodium, sulfur, and chlorine retention was weak, agreeing with field observations. Some of the initially-retained Se (~ 4 to 5%) was mobilized by changing redox conditions in the soil. Selenium fed with the wastewater accumulated in the bottom 1/3 (inlet) of the soil columns and was mainly sequestrated as stable forms revealed by SEP. Bulk-, and micro-XANES analyses suggested the retention mechanism of Se from the FGD wastewater was via the transformation of Se into reduced/stable forms [Se(IV), organic Se, and Se(0)]. Under wetland conditions, native soil As was mobilized by reductive dissolution of As associated minerals. However, the ferrihydrite amendment suppressed the native soil As mobility. Micro-XRF mapping integrated with As, and Fe-XANES suggested that the mechanism of native soil As retention was the sequestration of released As with newly precipitated secondary Fe minerals. A long-term study carried out with X, 1/2X flow rates, and OC source indicated enhanced S retention by the slow flow rate (1/2X), most likely due to the time dependency of biogenic S reduction. Further, bulk S-, As-, and Fe-XANES revealed that long submergence period and the slow flow rate increased the formation of reduced and/or biogenic S, realgar-like, and greigite-like species. These observations indicated that modified flow rates could have a significant impact on the long-term trace element (such as As) sequestration in the CWTS. Our studies provide useful information to improve the performance, and longevity of a full-scale CWTS for FGD wastewaters.

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31

Koralegedara, Nadeesha H. "Evaluating the constituent leaching from flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) under different leaching conditions, its geochemical interactions with main soil constituents and identifying potential beneficial applications." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470757622.

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32

Tesař, Jan. "Snížení emisí SO2 ve spalinách z fluidního kotle." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241676.

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Aim of this thesis is to design a technology of a flue gas desulphurization of fluidized bed boiler. Currently, the state of technology is not able to provide flue gas desulphurisation to required level. For this reason it is necessary to build additional device for the desulphurisation. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with the emission limits of sulphur dioxide, available methods of desulphurization and sorbents suitable for the desulfurization. In practical part conditioned dry sorption method is chosen for the specified source, technological and structural design for suggested desulphurization technology including design of all device is proposed. The thesis also includes a technology design and a 3D model.

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33

Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca. "A Lysimeter Study of Vadose Zone Porosity and Water Movement in Gypsum Amended Soils." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290111537.

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34

Kilpatrick, Lindsay Anne. "Impacts of Biosolids and FGD Gypsum Application on Marginal Soil Quality and Production of Miscanthus as a Bioenergy Crop." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339744690.

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35

Cheng, Chin-Min. "Leaching of coal combustion products field and laboratory studies /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133195856.

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36

Sklenářová, Dorothea. "Studium vlivů, které ovlivňují reaktivitu vápenců." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372112.

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This thesis is a part of grant assignment and focuses on the effect and properties of input material, limestone, on reactivity and speed of decarbonation. The aim of this thesis is to find the effect of chemical composition, petrography, genesis and diagenesis, porosity and microstructure of limestones on reactivity and speed and profile of decarbonation. The experimental part of thesis describes analysis of chosen limestone samples regarding porosity, reactivity by Bischof-Uhde method and process of decarbonation of calcite in term of crystallinity of product.

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37

Akbar, Muhammad Khalid. "Transport Phenomena in Complex Two and Three-Phase Flow Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4897.

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Two and three-phase flow processes involving gas, liquid and solid, are common in nature and industry, and include some of the most complex and poorly-understood transport problems. In this research hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer processes in complex two and three-phase flows were investigated. The interfacial surface area concentration in a short vertical column subject to the through flow of fiber-liquid-gas slurry was experimentally measured using the gas absorption technique. The experimental data were statistically analyzed for parametric effects, and were empirically correlated. The absorption of a gaseous species by a slurry droplet with internal circulation and containing reactive micro-particles was simulated, and parametrically studied. The micro-particles were found to enhance the absorption rate. The absorption rate was sensitive to droplet recirculation, and shrinkage of particles with time resulted in declining absorption rates. The transport of soot particles, suspended in laminar hot gas flowing in a tube, was modeled and parametrically studied. Due to coupled thermal radiation and thermophoresis, a radially-nonuniform temperature profile develops, leading to sharp, non-uniform radial soot-concentration profiles. The assumption of monodisperse particles leads to over-prediction of thermophoresis. The transport and removal of particles suspended in bubbles rising in a stagnant liquid pool were modeled based on a Eulerian – Monte Carlo method. The bubble hydrodynamics were treated in Eulerian frame, using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique, while particle equations of motion were numerically solved in Lagrangian frame. The bubbles undergo shape change, and have complex internal circulation, all of which influence the particle removal. Model predictions were also compared with experimental data. Using a resemblance between two-phase flow in microchannels, and in large channels at microgravity, a simple Weber number-based two-phase flow regime map was developed for microchannels. Based on the available air-water experimental data, a criterion for the prediction of conditions that lead to flow regime transition out of the stratified-wavy flow pattern in horizontal annular channels was proposed. The thermocapillary effects on liquid-vapor interface shape during heterogeneous bubble ebullition in microchannels were analytically studied.

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38

Hwang, Tzuen-Yuh, and 黃尊裕. "The Study of Spray Drying Flue Gas Desulfurization : The Efficiency of Limestone Slurry." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48921373591425808204.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
化學工程學系研究所
86
The spray-drying flue gas desulfurization process using finely groun d limestone slurry has been investigated. The SO2 removal efficiency increased with the increasing limestone surface area and leveled off after the surface area being greater than 11 m2/g. The SO2 removal efficiency of limestone (14.2 1 m2/g) slurryXe lower than that of lime (14.49 m2/g) slurry, and the diffe rence was about 5% as the Ca/S molar ratio was greater than 1.5.(61℃,73%RH). The SO2 removal efficiency of limestone s increased dramatically with increasi ng relative humidity, slightly increased with increasing NOx concentration , a nd slightly decreased with increasing CO2 concentration. Under the conditions of the typical flue gas composition, 61℃, 73%RH, and Ca/S molar ratio =1, th e total SO2 removal efficiency was 58%. The addition of fly ash into limestone slurry had positive effect on the SO2 removal, At constant Ca/S molar ratio, the SO2 removal efficiency of limestone or fly ash/limestone slurry decreased as Sncentration decreased.

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39

CHEN, SHAN, and 陳申. "Removal of Fluoride from Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83756817954877143575.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系碩士在職專班
105
Flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired boilers is based on wet limestone-gypsum method. When implementing this method, Not only sulfur oxide will be absorbed by the limestone slurry, and the heavy metals, chlorides, fluorides, fly ash, etc. in the flue gas are partially removed and eventually converted into waste water. Therefore, to properly handle FGD wastewater must consider the above-mentioned various substances, especially in the most troubled fluoride salt. Based on the chemical coagulation and sedimentation method, to explore the best operating conditions including a combination of heavy metal treatment of a section of fluoride removal procedures as well as remove the heavy metal first and then remove the fluoride two-stage program. The experimental results show that if the pH is controlled above 9.5 and supplemented with polymer coagulant, the heavy metals such as manganese and cadmium in FGD wastewater can be removed, at the same time fluoride and magnesium hydroxide will form Mg(OH)2F-, and the concentration of fluoride in the wastewater is reduced to below the standard of effluent (15mg/L). However, the amount of sludge produced by this method is very large, the proportion of clear liquid available for effluent is very low and the load of sludge dewatering machine is very heavy. The second stage of the two-stage defluorination process uses poly aluminum chloride as the coagulant, the most suitable pH range is between 6 and 9, the use of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to adjust the pH can reduce the amount of polyaluminum chloride and produce sludge less.

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40

Soong, Yunsung, and 宋雲盛. "The study of spray drying flue gas desulfurization." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27064189817937480706.

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41

Chu, Kuo-Wei, and 朱國偉. "Cost Function for Wet Desulfurization of Flue Gas." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09783822841858946097.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
96
Wet method is one of major treatment procedures for flue-gas desulphurization. In Taiwan, there are four kinds of treatment system are used frequently and the market share is over 95%. In order to assist users for better decision-making process, the purpose of this study is to build up a simple cost function and to compare four commonly used wet methods of flue-gas desulphurization as the subject of research. In additions, this study also defines the research scope and rules out the uncertain factors. Based on the simulation results of this cost model, this study shows that the sodium hydroxide method is the best choice of the condition with small gas volume and low concentration of sulfur oxides. For the condition of medium to big size, boilers with higher discharge gas volume and where the operating cost matters, the magnesium oxide method is a better choice. While the discharge gas volume is huge and the concentration of sulfur oxides is significantly high, the limestone method is the best fit. Finally, if there is no limitation of geographic condition and fishery policy, seawater method is the best of choices.

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42

Hsueh, Kuang-Wei, and 薛光偉. "Flue Gas Desulfurization in a Fluidized Bed Reactor." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44314234459282095779.

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碩士
國立清華大學
化學工程學系
87
Abstract There are three types of commercial SO2 removal system: (1) Dry process, (2) Semi-dry process, and (3) Wet scrubbing process. The calcium utilization and SO2 removal efficiency are low for the dry process. For the semi-dry process, the calcium utilization is higher, but fouling and corrosion of the nozzles and the reactor could be severe. For the wet scrubbing system, a wastewater treatment system is required.The problems mentioned above can be eliminated if gas-solid fluidized bed reactor is used as the desulfurization apparatus. The advantages of the gas-solid fluidized bed reactor are: (1) The desulfurization products are dry so that we do not need a wastewater treatment unit. (2) The bed structure is simple, the equipment cost is low and easy to operate and maintain. (3) The calcium utilization is increased by the special attrition and elutriation mechanism of the fluidized bed, thus the cost of operation is decreased. Therefore, fluidized bed desulfurization technology is worthy of study and development.A bubbling fluidized bed reactor is used as the desulfurization apparatus in this study. The height of the bed is 2.5m, and the diameter is 9cm. The bed material is hydrated lime and silica sand. The effects of the operating parameters of flue gas desulfurization including relative humidity, temperature, superficial gas velocity, the weight ratio of hydrated lime and silica sand, and particle size on SO2 removal efficiency and calcium utilization in the fluidized bed will be investigated.We find temperature effect in our system is negligible from 40 to 65oC. Higher relative humidity has higher calcium utilization (R.H.=20%-80%) and higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency. Smaller diameter of calcium hydroxide has higher calcium utilization and higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency. The optimum weight ratio of silica sand and calcium hydroxide is 3. Although the lower superficial gas velocity causes the higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency and higher calcium utilization, but the SO2 treated volume is maximum when the superficial gas velocity is minimum fluidization velocity. Finally, the attrition rate model by Lee et al. (1993) can predict our bed weight precisely and the value of ko is 9.48×10-6 (s-1) and Ea = 4.69×10-4 (kJ/kg).

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43

Yang, Zhong Xian, and 楊中賢. "The study of spray drying flue gas desulfurization." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17473461305046596070.

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44

HONG, ZHI-JIE, and 洪志杰. "The study of spray drying flue gas desulfurization." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64178092391057836655.

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45

Chen, Ming-Tzong, and 陳銘宗. "The Efficiency of Flue Gas Desulfurization by Absorption in Seawater." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03696041434858964223.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
96
In Taiwan power company,there were coal-fired boiler units utilizing wet limestone-gypsum FGD units for flue gas desulphurization. Recently ,the price of gypsum by-product is getting down because the production is getting more. It is time to reevaluate what kind of FGD is suitable for Taipower to set new coal-fired boiler units in the near future. Seawater contains natural alkalinity, in terms of carbonate ions(CO32-) and bicarbonate ions(HCO3-)can be employed to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas. Seawater FGD offers a number of remarkable abvanages, such as the simplicity of the process, less process water and no additional chemical is needed, and no solid wastes are produced, and high sulfur dioxide removal can be achieved. In the study,we were to evaluate the feasibility of Seawater FGD to be utilized in large coal-fired boiler units of Taipower. For this purpose,the study had been finished ,and the conclusions were as follows : 1. We have designed and constructed a little packing tower and a little perforated plate tower seawater FGD to test in Tai-Chung and Da-Lin power pant. Both of the two systems can remove more than 90% of the sulfur dioxde from flus gas exited from EP of large coal-fired boiler units in the two power plants. 2. In addition to recognize high sulfur dioxide removal of seawater FGD in our tests ,we also built the abilities to design it. 3. Both of packing toewe and a little perforated plate tower seawater FGD are in commercial operating in the world and have the advantages and disadvantages of itself, but perforated plate type is less easy to cause clogging than packing tower,therefore it is more easy to handle.

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46

Siagi, Otara Zachary. "Flue gas desulphurisation under South African conditions." 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000444.

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D. Tech. Mechanical Engineering.
Investigates and/or rank the performance of locally available materials (i.e. limestone, dolomite, or calcrete) as sorbents in the capture of SO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. Two experimental procedures were adopted in this work: the pH-stat method was used to simulate conditions encountered in wet flue gas desulphurisation (WFGD); and the fixed-bed reactor was used to simulate conditions encountered in the dry in-duct flue gas desulphurisation (DFGD) process. It is important to note that most studies of using calcium-based materials as sorbents for SO2 removal have been carried out in overseas countries. These studies were carried out using materials and research conditions prevailing in the particular countries. Furthermore, all South African coal-fired power stations burn low grade coal allowing the high grade coal to be exported. As a result, coal-fired power stations in South Africa emit higher emissions than the overseas power stations which are operated on high grade coals. Thus the results achieved internationally may not be directly translated to the South African conditions.

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47

Ramsaroop, Bhaveshnee R. "Flue gas desulphurization using natural calcium based sorbents." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11329.

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Power generation from coal combustion serves as a major source of energy however this process has detrimental environmental effects. SO₂ is a destructive pollutant and is oxidized with water vapour to form sulphuric acid which falls as acid rain causing corrosion to monuments, deforestation, soil erosion and destruction of the natural habitat. SO₂ emissions cause chronic respiratory diseases. The development and advancement in pollution control technologies is a pressing issue as environmental regulations become more stringent. The principal technology that is currently implemented is termed Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) and involves treating the flue gas before it is released into the atmosphere. Industries are constantly welcoming new research and development that would reduce their SO₂ emissions. As a result most companies are turning to sorbents to solve the major environmental crisis. In the work undertaken an effective test unit for sulphur dioxide capture was commissioned and recommended conditions for SO₂ removal were established. Four ESKOM sorbents were prepared and tested in the experimental set-up. These sorbents were then ranked according to their desulphurization efficiency. The effect of particle size on desulphurization efficiency was determined using four different size fractions and it was found that smaller particles have higher sulphur removal efficiency. The effect of the presence of CO₂ in the gas mixture was also determined by comparing the efficiencies obtained using two different flue gas mixtures. The chemical, physical and surface properties of each sorbent was also analysed and used to support the conclusions drawn from the ranking of the sorbents. A suitable model to represent the data set was also investigated and it was found that the simple shrinking core model best described the system investigated.
M.Sc.Eng. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

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48

Chen, Cheng-Chun, and 陳政群. "A Study of Flue Gas Desulfurization in a Fluidized Bed Reactor." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16468428014807995723.

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碩士
逢甲大學
化學工程研究所
85
Several technologies have been used to abatement of SOx emission in flue gas spray-dryer scrubbers, wet scrubbing, etc. This paper will concern with controlling SO2 emission of flue gas with three absorbents such as lime, limestone, and dolomite in a fluidized bed. Experimental work was carried out in a batch fluidized bed with 6.62cm inner diameter and 2.5m height and perforated distributor. In-situ combustion analyzer is used to record SO2 concentration during the operating. The running temperature is controlled at ambient situation. The SO2 concentration is handled between 400ppm and 1100 ppm. The particle size of lime (CaO) is varied from 88um to 1000um. The experimental results show that:(1)at ambient temperature limestone and dolomite are inactive for SO2 controlled. (2)at ambient temperature, 500ppm SO2, 800grams of CaO with mean size from 103um to 295um, flue gas flow rate of 36.13 l/min, SO2 Removal Efficiency can reach 95% for more than 10 minutes .(3)SO2 Removal Efficiency is increase with weight of lime used. (4)dry fluidized bed scrubber has not good performance of high SO2 concentration ( >1000ppm ) at ambient temperature. (5)at higher operating velocities, the performance is poor caused by shorter residence time. The optimum operation velocity is around minimum fluidizedation velocity of absorbent. (6)for larger particle size, say larger than 500um, there ismore energy consumed and lower surface area per unit react volume, but too smaller particle size will cause elutriation. The optimum particle size is from 88um to 351 um in this study.

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49

Zhou, Shi, and 周石. "Fluoride Removal from FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Wastewater Using High Frequency Pulse Electrochemical Method." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n2rcrm.

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50

Liou, Min-Jer, and 劉銘哲. "The Study of Spray Drying Flue Gas Desulfurization :the influence of the fly ash additives." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64187773502102925127.

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