Journal articles: 'Flue-gas duck'

1

Lezsovits, Ferenc, Sándor Könczöl, and Krisztián Sztankó. "CO emission reduction of a HRSG duct burner." Thermal Science 14, no. 3 (2010): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1003845l.

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A heat-recovery steam generator was erected after a gas-turbine with a duct burner into the district heat centre. After commissioning, the CO emissions were found to be above the acceptable level specified in the initial contract. The Department of Energy Engineering of the BME was asked for their expert contribution in solving the problem of reducing these CO emissions. This team investigated the factors that cause incomplete combustion: the flue-gas outlet of the gas-turbine has significant swirl and rotation, the diffuser in between the gas-turbine and heat-recovery steam generator is too short and has a large cone angle, the velocity of flue-gas entering the duct burner is greater than expected, and the outlet direction of the flammable mixture from the injector of the duct burner was not optimal. After reducing the flow swirl of flue-gas and modifying the nozzle of the duct burner as suggested by the Department of Energy Engineering of the BME, CO emissions have been reduced to an acceptable level. The method involves the application of CFD modeling and studying images of the flames which proved to be very informative.

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Deng, Jia-jia, Liang-ming Pan, De-qi Chen, Yu-quan Dong, Cheng-mu Wang, Hang Liu, and Mei-qiang Kang. "Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 7 (August 26, 2014): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.359.

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Aimed at cost saving and pollution reduction, a novel desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment system (DWETS) for handling wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater of a coal-fired power plant was studied. The system's advantages include simple process, and less investment and space. The feasibility of this system has been proven and the appropriate position and number of nozzles, the spray droplet size and flue gas temperature limitation have been obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show that a longer duct, smaller diameter and higher flue gas temperature could help to increase the evaporation rate. The optimal DWETS design of Shangdu plant is 100 μm droplet sprayed by two nozzles located at the long duct when the flue gas temperature is 130 °C. Field tests were carried out based on the simulation results. The effects of running DWETS on the downstream devices have been studied. The results show that DWETS has a positive impact on ash removal efficiency and does not have any negative impact on the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), flue gas heat exchanger and WFGD. The pH values of the slurry of WFGD slightly increase when the DWETS is running. The simulation and field test of the DWETS show that it is a feasible future technology for desulfurization wastewater treatment.

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Pan, Haowei, Liang Zhang, Wei Li, Ning Gao, and Yin Liu. "Analysis of Main Influencing Factors of the Wastewater Evaporation in Flue Duct." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302025.

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Desulfurization wastewater has the characteristics of small discharge and high pollution, and must be strictly treated. To obtain the main factors affecting the evaporation characteristics of desulfurization wastewater in boiler flue, a 600MW unit of a coal-fired power plant in China was taken as an example. According to the theory of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, the numerical simulation method was used. The results show that the way the nozzle is installed on the upper wall of the flue inlet can enhance the evaporation effect of the desulfurization wastewater. It is also revealed that the influence of the flue gas flow rate on the droplet evaporation effect is relatively small. The smaller droplet diameter and the higher flue gas inlet temperature will obviously enhance the evaporation effect of the droplets in the flue. However these two factors will increase the operating cost and reduce the boiler thermal efficiency. Therefore, the values of the droplet diameter and the flue gas inlet temperature need to be further determined by technical and economic comparison.

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Xue, Zhipeng, Hao Chen, and Minmin Zhao. "Combined Removal Of NOx And SO2 From Flue Gas At Low Temperature." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304038.

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A method was proposed to remove NOx and SO2 in flue gas by using the sulfinyl functional group as a catalyst. Ozone is introduced into the flue gas to oxidize NO. Soluble NO2 and SO2 reacted with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which were the raw material of the compound fertilizer. A small pilot is built in a container that can be easily transported to power plant and extracts the actual flue gas directly from the gas duct. In order to obtain the best the SO2 and NOX removal efficiency in this experiment, many parameters were changed. Such as flue gas flow, ozone / NOX ratio, liquid-gas ratio, flue gas temperature, catalyst type, catalyst concentration, solution pH value. Results indicated that SO2 was cleaned up quite efficiently and the removal efficiency was nearly 99% under all conditions. the best NOX removal efficiency can reach 88%. The NOX removal efficiency depended primarily on ozone / NOX ratio, and the temperature of flue gas also had influence on the NOX removal efficiency. The optimum pH range is 5.6-6.3. After inspection by authoritative institutions, the quality of fertilizers is superior to national standards.

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Jiang, Dan Ning, Hai Wei Sha, Guo Hui Gong, Jing Song, Hai Tao Xu, Chang Cheng Zhou, and Kai Shen. "Fundamental Research and Demonstration Project of Evaporation Treatment of Wastewater from FGD in Flue Gas Duct." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.434.

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The desulfurization wastewater is a kind of intractable wastewater which comes from the process of wet desulfurization. There are many shortcomings of traditional development methods. Desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment in flue gas duct as a new processing technology. This approach of evaporating desulfurization wastewater by flue gas is feasible. The feasibility of the demonstration project of boiler flue gas treating wastewater on 4# boiler in Changshu Power Company limited was analyzed; the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT was adopted to simulated the pressure field and velocity field in the outlet flue pipes of air pre-heater. The concrete arrangement mode and the number of the spray lances were determined by calculations. The temperature of the flue gas is tested after the system was put into operation. The results showed that this technology can realize the desulfurization wastewater with zero discharge without hurting the work of electrostatic precipitator. The demonstration project is the first of its kind in domestic power industry; this study provides experiences and references of power plant desulfurization wastewater with zero discharge.

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Kurkus-Gruszecka, Michalina, Piotr Krawczyk, and Janusz Lewandowski. "Numerical Analysis on the Flue Gas Temperature Maintenance System of a Solid Fuel-Fired Boiler Operating at Minimum Loads." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154420.

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Currently, energy policy is associated with the increase in the share of renewable sources in systemic energy production. Due to this trend, coal-fired power units must increase their work flexibility. Adapting a coal power plant to work with a lower load often causes the issue of maintaining the temperature before the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) installation at a sufficiently high level. This paper presents a CFD analysis of the mixing area of two flue gas streams before the SCR installation with various methods for mixing flue gas streams. The novelty of the work is mixing the flue gas streams of different temperatures using a flap shape developed by the authors. A series of numerical simulations were performed to develop the location and method of introducing the higher temperature gas, obtaining a uniform distribution of the exhaust gas temperature. The simulation scheme was applied to a series of geometrical modifications of the boundary conditions. The tested solution using only a single, straight flap in the flue gas duct allows the amplitude to be reduced from 298 K to 144 K. As a result of the research, a mixing flap design was developed to reduce the initial temperature amplitude of the flue gas streams from 298 K to 43 K.

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Fermoselli, N. E. G. "PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF A FCC TURBO EXPANDER ON PETROLEUM REFINERIES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 9, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2010): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v9i1-2.61929.

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Implementing a turbo expander connected to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in order to produce power from flue gas has already become a common practice in oil refineries worldwide. Despite of recovering energy which used to be wasted in an orifice chamber, the implementation of expander and its skids still requires high investment, which often begins with a third-stage cyclones installation to enhance flue gas cleanness. Moreover, machine and also pipes need to be made with special materials in order to resist high temperatures and erosion. Hence, there are some items to be checked before start up a turbo expander to ensure the return on investment will reach expectations, keeping in mind that its ability to extract energy from flue gas changes widely depending on FCC operational conditions. Then, the aim of this paper is to provide the analysis of one stage turbo expander which is fed with flue gas from partial combustion FCC unit and installed with isolation valves, highlighting some points which deserve special attention before start up this type of machine. It brings together some approaches to provide valuable information about a turbo expander, particularly when it is not running yet, including the results to a hypothetical case and the sequence of calculus that can be done without using any special software applied for: • To estimate real energy generation through the turbo expander as a function of FCC feed; • To check the leaks effect; • To predict the impact of turbo expander on carbon monoxide boiler, due to a fall in temperature of the expanded flue gas; • To calculate the appropriate amount of extra supplementary gas required to be burned in the flue gas boiler in order to keep the production of steam stable; • To analyze the moisture of the flue gas so that it may predicts condensation when hot gas comes into contact with the cold duct, after opening isolation valves; • And finally, how turbo expanders fit in cleaning development mechanism to get certified carbon credits.

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Zhang, Xue Ying, Xiao Xiang Zhou, and Xue Feng Dong. "The Problems and Countermeasures of Maintaining Wet Desulphurization in Power Coal-Fired Plant." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1989.

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Based on the study of the maintaining of wet desulphurization installments in coal-fired power plant, similar problems have been found in maintaining process. including desulphurization absorption tower, mist eliminator, slurry circulating pump, gas duct, flue damper. The corresponding countermeasures have been proposed.

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Ramsunkar, Charlene, Chris van Tonder, and Walter Schmitz. "Errors Associated With Excess Air Multipoint Measurement Systems." Chemical and Process Engineering 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2015-0029.

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Abstract Boiler combustion air is generally controlled by the excess air content measured at the boiler economiser outlet using oxygen (O2) analysers. Due to duct geometry and dimensions, areas of high and low O2 concentrations in the flue gas duct occur, which poses a problem in obtaining a representative measurement of O2 in the flue gas stream. Multipoint systems as opposed to single point systems are more favourable to achieve representative readings. However, ash blockages and air leakages influence the accuracy of O2 measurement. The design of multipoint system varies across ESKOMs’ Power Stations. This research was aimed at evaluating the accuracy of the multipoint oxygen measurement system installed at Power Station A and to determine the systematic errors associated with different multipoint systems designs installed at Power Stations' A and B. Using flow simulation software, FloEFDTM and Flownex®, studies were conducted on two types of multipoint system designs This study established that significantly large errors, as high as 50%, were noted between the actual and measured flue gas O2. The design of the multipoint system extraction pipes also introduces significant errors, as high as 23%, in the O2 measured. The results indicated that the sampling errors introduced with Power Station A’s system can be significantly reduced by adopting the sampling pipe design installed at Power Station B.

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Pitak, Inna, Serhii Briankin, Oleg Pitak, and Valery Shaporev. "ANALYSIS OF THE SANITARY PURIFICATION OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM DUST IN THE LIME MANUFACTURE." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 29, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2017.00435.

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Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of the location of the blade vortex from the end of the flue (the flow outflow from the flue to the separation chamber) by the value Vjmax and the determination of the optimum cross section where Vjmax is reached, and also the study of the influence of structural changes on the purification efficiency. The dependence of this swirler on the value of the tangential velocity of the gas flow at its exit from the separator is established. The cross-sections of the flue duct in which, after the swirler, the maximum values Vj, Vr are reached, the features of the dust-gas flow in the studied sections are considered. Based on the studies of the hydrodynamic situation during the flow of a rotating flow in the flue after the swirler, the possibilities of agglomeration of dust particles in the investigated zones, as well as the destruction of NOx gas impurities, are analyzed. During the operation of the reconstructed vortex dust collector, qualitative indices are attained, which confirm the expediency of the conducted studies and the expediency of reconstructing the vortex apparatus. It is proved that the installation of the blade vortex enhances the purification efficiency of the dust-gas flow in a vortex dust collector and will allow for a comprehensive purification of the exhaust gases.

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Pospíšil, Jiří, Martin Lisý, and Michal Špiláček. "OPTIMALIZATION OF AFTERBURNER CHANNEL IN BIOMASS BOILER USING CFD ANALYSIS." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0379.

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This contribution presents the results of parametrical studies focused on the mixing process in a small rectangular duct within a biomass boiler. The first study investigates the influence of a local narrowing located in the central part of the duct. This narrowing works as an orifice with very simple rectangular geometry. Four different free cross sections of the orifice were considered in the center of the duct, namely 100%, 70%, 50%, 30% of free cross section area in the duct. The second study is focused on the investigation of the influence of secondary air distribution pipe diameter on the mixing process in a flue gas duct without a narrowing.

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Wu, Changfa, Soon-Jai Khang, Tim C. Keener, and Sang-Kwun Lee. "A model for dry sodium bicarbonate duct injection flue gas desulfurization." Advances in Environmental Research 8, no. 3-4 (March 2004): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1093-0191(03)00038-8.

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13

Rice, Richard W., and Gregory A. Bond. "Flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry scrubbing using calcium hydroxide." AIChE Journal 36, no. 3 (March 1990): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360318.

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Jiang, Yu Ze, Jiu Tao An, Di Wen Jiang, Jie Li, and Yan Wu. "Oxidation of Elemental Mercury by Active Species Injection from a Surface Discharge Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1294.

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Active species injection generated by a surface discharge plasma reactor (SDPR) was studied to oxidize elemental mercury (Hg0) in the flue gas. The reactor was inserted in the simulated flue duct. The effects of several operational parameters, such as applied voltage, inlet Hg0 concentration, applied frequency and air injection flow rate, were well investigated. Experimental results showed that Hg0 oxidation efficiency of 83.8% was achieved at specific energy density of 4.0 J L-1 and the flow rate of 1.6 L min-1. Increasing applied voltage and air injection flow rate was beneficial for Hg0 oxidation due to higher production of active species. Lower Hg0 oxidation efficiency was observed with an increase of initial concentration. With an increase of applied frequency, Hg0 oxidation efficiency significantly increased, but the energy yield dropped.

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Gutiérrez Ortiz, F. J., and P. Ollero. "Modeling of the in-duct sorbent injection process for flue gas desulfurization." Separation and Purification Technology 62, no. 3 (September 2008): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.012.

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Atkinson, Simon. "Inspection shows that Loctite coating effectively protects power plant's flue gas duct." Sealing Technology 2021, no. 7 (July 2021): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4789(21)00213-0.

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Meneses Chacón, Edxon Stiven, Julián Ernesto Jaramillo-Ibarra, and Elisabet Mas de les Valls. "Numerical analysis of the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of the flue gases in a traditional furnace for panela production." INGE CUC 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.1.2019.12.

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Introduction: Panela is a product derived from sugar cane that is prepared using a traditional burner designed especially for this purpose. According to studies found in the literature, it was identified that the thermal efficiency of panela burners is 30% on average. Objective: The objective of this investigation is to contribute to the search for new alternatives for the improvement of the low efficiency present on these systems, mainly affecting the flue gases duct. Methodology: The development of this study is as follows: first, a research of the radiation and optical thickness effect in a simplified furnace is carried out. Afterward, a series of simulations with modifications in the design of the flue gas duct for a real size furnace are analyzed. Results: The results showed that the radiation effect must be considered and, even though the optical thickness is low, it has a relevant impact in the heat transfer process due to the high temperatures in the furnace. A chaotic movement of the gases implied more heat transferred to the heaters and high values of Nusselt with the addition of new elements in the duct were obtained. Conclusions: Arrangement 1, provides the best results with a Nusselt and thermal efficiency increase. No significant differences between the DOM and the P-1 radiation were found.

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Guo, Huiqian, Jing Wang, Jiangbo Wu, and Xiaoze Du. "Study on Spray Evaporation Treatment of Desulfurization Wastewater." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040418.

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Limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) often produces a certain amount of wastewater with complex water quality and heavy metal pollution which should be treated properly before release. Spaying the desulfurization wastewater into flue duct and using exhausted flue gas heat for evaporation is a promising and economical technology for achieving zero wastewater discharge in thermal power plant. To enable a more in-depth understanding on evaporation of FGD wastewater spray, a visual wind tunnel test rig based on the atomized droplet laser measuring system was built to reveal the impact factors on droplet thermal-fluid behavior. The dominant impact factors such as compressed air pressure and flow rate in air-blast spray nozzle, hot air temperature and velocity in the evaporation tunnel were analyzed to discuss the droplet size distribution and evaporation performance through alternating operate condition. A discrete mathematical model that combines both Eulerian and Lagrangian framework was established to validate the experiment result. It is concluded that introducing high pressure compressed air into the nozzle can contribute to the dispersion of droplets and enhance the evaporation rate. Proper flow rate in spray nozzle is required to avoid incomplete droplets evaporation. Air temperature and velocity in the evaporation tunnel apply positive impact on droplet size distribution and evaporation performance. Numerical simulation results of both dominant factors impact on evaporation behavior and total evaporation rate showed consistency with the experimental outcome.

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Plevako, A. "Methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in steam generators of thermal power plants." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 81, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-1/111-116.

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Main problem: Ensuring environmental safety of thermal power plants by reducing emissions of harmful substances, in particular nitrogen oxides. When all types of fossil fuel, including solid fuel, are burned, nitrogen oxides are formed in the boilers of TPPs. The sources of their formation are air nitrogen and nitrogen- containing components of the organic matter of the fuel. As you know, they adversely affect the health of humans, plants and animals. Therefore, it became necessary to consider and analyze methods to reduce these emissions. Purpose: To review and analyze various ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and propose a new scheme for reducing these emissions by recirculating flue gases. Methods: This is achieved due to the fact that in the known method for purifying the flue gases of steam generators from nitrogen oxides by lowering the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator by supplying flue gases with a temperature below the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator, it is proposed that the flue gases be fed into the furnace of the steam generator after ash cleaning. At the same time, as a result of the supply of recirculated gas cooled after filtering and passing through the main smoke exhauster into the combustion chamber, having a temperature of 110-170 °C, in comparison with the initial version, a greater decrease in temperature in the furnace of the steam generator occurs, which in turn leads to a decrease in the flue gases of oxides nitrogen, since the chemical reaction of their formation goes with the absorption of heat. Results and their importance: The technical result at the proposed method of cleaning from nitrogen oxides is to reduce the consumption of electricity by eliminating the collateral wear of the recirculation gas duct, due to the cleaning of time gases from ash (a requirement of the rules of technical operation of PTE).

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Jugănaru, Daniela-Elena, Mariana Panaitescu, and Liviu-Constantin Stan. "COMPARATIVE CFD BASED PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GAS FLOW IN TWO CONTER-FLOW WET SCRUBBER SYSTEMS." Journal of marine Technology and Environment 1, no. 2021 (2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2021.04.

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" In this study, gas flow field were simulated using ANSYS 2020R2, Fluid Flow Fluent computational fluids dynamic (CFD) software based on the continuity, velocity, temperature, energy and k -  turbulence. The overall objective of the study is to compare the pressure and velocity maps inside the wet scrubber system for two different scrubber designs. I have choose to analyse an In-Line scrubber bottom inlet, type I, and In-Line scrubber side inlet, type L. Bottom entry or side entry designs to allow a direct up-flow configuration and simplify engine exhaust gas duct routing for any type of vessel. The flow in a wet scrubber is very complex due to the interaction between dust particles, water droplets, and bulk water and flue gas. The flue gas flow is turbulent and there are multiple phases (gas, liquid and solid). CFD codes that predict gas flow patterns are based on conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy. The results show that the residuals have a very good job of converging at minimum flow contours and vectors at the inlet across the scrubbing chamber and outlet shows a distributed flow. The velocity profiles have fully conformed to the recommended profile for turbulent flow in pipes. As can be seen in the figures above, the velocity flow contour inside the scrubber is higher in the scrubber side inlet. Even though I choose to study the simplified scrubber model without taking into account that spray nozzle improve mixing between the scrubbing liquid and waste gas; from the results obtained, it can be deduced that the numerical simulation using CFD is an effective method to study the flow characteristics of a counter-flow wet scrubber system. "

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Stouffer, Mark R., Heeyoung Yoon, and Francis P. Burke. "An investigation of the mechanisms of flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry sorbent injection." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00085a005.

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Machnik, Ryszard, and Łukasz Więckowski. "Operational tests of an electrostatic precipitator reducing low dust emission from solid fuels combustion." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.3.18.

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The article presents the continuation of the research aimed at designing, manufacturing and selecting the operating parameters of the electrostatic precipitator for household applications. The tests were carried out in the laboratory and real conditions. The object of the research was a pre-production prototype of the electrostatic precipitator installed in the flue gas duct of a single-family building. The source of exhaust gases was a coal-fired, low-temperature water heating boiler with a nominal power of 21 kW (old generation boiler-year of production: 2007). The obtained results showed that the adopted design of the electrostatic precipitator enables the reduction of dust emissions generated in the combustion of solid fuels in households at relatively low operating costs.

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Rumyantsev, D. V., L. V. Krupnov, R. V. Starykh, R. A. Marchuk, and V. B. Fomichev. "Using shell-type tuyeres at Pierce–Smith horizontal converters of the Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2021-1-16-27.

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Since 2015 the processing capacity reconfiguration at the Polar Branch of MMC Norilsk Nickel (hereinafter PB) sets new goals for conventional pyrometallurgical processes of smelting and converting. The design flowsheet of Kolesnikov Nadezhda Metallurgical Abstract: Plant (hereinafter NMP) provided for «cross-converting» when copper matte was first processed in one converter to produce blister copper followed by nickel matte processing to yield copper-nickel converter matte bypassing the discharge of dry coagulated slag. This flowsheet allowed for converter heat balance optimization, decreasing the formation of refractory reverts and significant extension of the converter campaign. PB Nickel Plant shutdown resulted in copper processing elimination at NMP and switching the converters to the conventional nickel converting flowsheet. In turn, it gave rise to the need for solutions to extend converter campaign while maintaining the possibility to process large amounts of nickel slag from the second converting stage at the PB Copper Plant. For this purpose the series of lab experiments were carried out to develop the technology and design documentation for the system to supply oxygen-enriched air (up to 45 %) to horizontal converters using shell-type tuyeres. In addition, literature data were analyzed on this topic along with the experience of smelters in this area. Process design calculations were done. The efforts were taken in cooperation with the PB engineering personnel and Laboratory of Pyrometallurgy of LLC «Gipronickel Institute». The use of reduced diameter shell-type tuyeres to inject the oxygen-air mixture was found to decrease the converter blowing and off-gas volumes. The decline in off-gas quantity leads to reduced heat load on the converter mouth and flue duct system, as well as to lowered converter dust entrainment. The use of oxygen-enriched blowing implies the higher smelt heating rate. Excess heat compensation requires timely charging of cold reverts and flux. In emergencies (if cold reverts are not available) the oxygen content of the blowing has to be reduced until switching over to air blowing. The series of the above efforts will offer a possibility to use the shell-type tuyeres keeping the converter off-gas temperature at the current level. Thus continuous monitoring and efficient control will ensure the off-gas temperature and volume at the inlets of gas cooling and cleaning systems not exceeding the limiting values. The introduction of the reduced diameter shell-type tuyeres for air-oxygen mixture injection does not require any upgrade of the existing gas cooling and cleaning systems. Moreover, switching to these tuyeres will reduce gas load on the flue duct system and heat load on the water-cooled dust cap, lower dust entrainment and non-recoverable dust losses after the gas cleaning system.

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Scala, Fabrizio. "Simulation of Mercury Capture by Activated Carbon Injection in Incinerator Flue Gas. 1. In-Duct Removal." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 21 (November 2001): 4367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010065h.

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Kordylewski, Włodzimierz, Maciej Jakubiak, and Tomasz Hardy. "Pilot Plant Studies on Nox Removal Via No Ozonation and Absorption." Archives of Environmental Protection 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2013-0025.

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Abstract The results of experimental investigations on the removal of NOx from gases applying ozone as the oxidizing agent and the absorption of higher nitrogen oxides in the sodium hydroxide solutions are presented. The experiment was conducted using a pilot plant installation with the air flow rate 200 m3/h, being a prototype of a boiler flue gas duct and a FGD scrubber. It was shown that in the range of [NOref] = 50 ÷ 250 ppm the mechanism of NO ozonation depends on the molar ratio X = O3/NOref: for X ≤ 1.0 oxidation of NO to NO2 predominates and NO2 is poorly absorbed, for X >> 1.0 NO2 undergoes further oxidation to N2O5, which is efficiently absorbed in the scrubber. The stoichiometric molar ratio of complete conversion of NO into N2O5 is X = 1.5, in these studies to reach the effectiveness η ≥ 90% the molar ratio X was much higher (2.75).

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Kim, Hyeong Rae, In Sik Hwang, Sang Shin Park, Jee Eun Min, and Jungho Hwang. "Effect of Guide Vane Shape on Duct Flow Characteristics in a Flue-Gas Desulfurization System : A Numerical Study." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - B 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2018.42.3.243.

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Ding, Jie, Heruijing Cai, Qin Zhong, Jiandong Lin, Junjun Xiao, Shule Zhang, and Maohong Fan. "Selective denitrification of flue gas by O3 and ethanol mixtures in a duct: Investigation of processes and mechanisms." Journal of Hazardous Materials 311 (July 2016): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.063.

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Apaza, Ubaldo, Aldo Delgado, Iván Garcilazo, and Igor Obregón. "SISTEMA DE AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE UN CALDERO DE 30 BHP PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA UTILIZANDO VARIABLES TERMODINÁMICAS." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 24, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v24i1.26.

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Se realizó la implementación de un sistema de control automático en el caldero pirotubular del Laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil para mejorar el aprovechamiento del vapor generado por este. Los puntos implementados fueron, un sistema de purga automático empleando un lenguaje de programación ladder establecido en un relé programable. Este sistema permite la purga automática, mediante una válvula neumática; el segundo punto fue la implementación de un sistema de monitoreo, supervisión y registro de datos de la temperatura de gases de combustión y como último punto, la implementación de una analizador portátil de gases de combustión y el aislamiento total de conductos de vapor para minimizar las pérdidas de energía. Los mejores resultados de esta investigación podrán ser aplicados, bajo el mismo procedimiento, a nivel industrial en industrias que usen las calderas como su corazón para sus diversos procesos con el fin de obtener mejoras en sus procesos y en sus costos de operación Palabras clave.- Ladder, Purga, Caldera, Relé programable, Sólidos disueltos. ABSTRACTThe implementation of an automatic control system in the fire-tube boiler of the Unit Operations Laboratory of the FIQT-UNI was performed to improve the utilization of the steam generated by it. The first point implemented had been an automatic purge using a ladder programming language established in a relay. This system allows the automatic purge by using a pneumatic valve; the second point was the implementation of a monitoring system, supervision and data logging of the temperature flue gas and as a last point, the implementation of a portable flue gas analyzer and the total steam duct insulation in order to minimize energy losses.The best results of this research could be applied ,through the same process, on an industrial level in industries which use boilers as their heart for their various processes in order to obtain improvements in their processes and in their operation costs. Keywords.- Ladder, Purge, Boiler, Programmable relay, Dissolved solids.

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Gutiérrez Ortiz, F. J., and P. Ollero. "Flue-Gas Desulfurization in an Advanced in-Duct Desulfurization Process: An Empirical Model from an Experimental Pilot-Plant Study." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 25 (December 2003): 6625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie030185t.

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Bai, Mindi, Zhitao Zhang, and Mindong Bai. "Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification of Flue Gas by ·OH Radicals Produced from O2+ and Water Vapor in a Duct." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 18 (August 14, 2012): 10161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3013886.

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Dauletbakov, T. S., A. R. Mambetaliyeva, N. K. Dosmukhamedov, F. R. Zhandauletova, and G. Z. Moldabaeva. "Complex Processing of Industrial Products and Lead-Copper Concentrates." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 4 (April 2, 2016): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj274.

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This article describes the modern technologies of processing of industrial products and copper-lead waste products, and their physical and chemical properties as well as laboratory tests for processing slurries and zinc slags. Experiments have shown that the temperature of the melt in the reduction of lead-containing slag should be within 1100–1200 °C. The key criteria for separating melting products to different phases are the difference in density, viscosity and surface tension of the melted slag. The separation of the molten slag to the phases and the reduction of the settling time of the melt in the furnace will be promoted by the increasing the density and surface tension of the lead and matte-molten slag, and reduction in viscosity of the latter. The processing of lead-copper-zinc containing sulfide raw material was carried by the reduction smelting method and the purging of melt with a natural gas at a rectangular electric furnace. Dust collection system was connected to the furnace through the duct work. The feedstock loading was carried out through the furnace crown. The purging of melt with natural gas was performed after the melting of the charge using the immersed gas supply tube. The gaseous products were derived from the melting furnace through the flue. The gas supply tube was fitted with a gear system to adjust the depth of the tube immersion. As results of experiments were obtained sharply separable intermediates with a high degree of concentration: lead into lead bullion to 92–94%; copper into matte to 90–91%; zinc to the slag and sublimates to 94–96%. Thus the material costs for processing of copper matte and zinc slag will be reduced and the yield of sublimates consisting primarily of vapor and metallic zinc sulfide will be decreased.

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Szulikowski, Jerzy, and Przemysław Kateusz. "Directional sensitivity of differential pressure sensors of gas velocity used in manual gravimetric measurements of dust emissions from stationary sources / Czułość kierunkowa różnicowo-ciśnieniowych czujników prędkości gazu stosowanych w manualnych pomiarach grawimetrycznych emisji zanieczyszczeń pyłowych ze źródeł stacjonarnych." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0023.

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Abstract Manual measurements of distribution of gas velocity in conduits of flue gas installations using systems with differential pressure sensors of velocity are often performed for the requirements of determining emissions of dust pollutants from industrial process plants to the atmosphere. The aim is to determine an axial velocity profile. Flows in measuring sections are not always coaxial along the run of the duct; they are characterized by different directions of the velocity vector at various measuring points. The determination of actual directions of vectors of local velocities giving a guarantee of an accurate calculation of the axial velocity is often not possible from the technical point of view and the measurement of the velocity is carried out with the parallel setting of the sensor head in relation to the axis and the walls of the conduit. Then the knowledge of the directional sensitivity of the applied velocity sensor allows either to eliminate the axial velocity measurement error or to take it into account by the uncertainty of this measurement. For specific situations of two-dimensional variation of direction of the velocity vector, the directional sensitivity characteristics and in consequence the characteristics of error have been determined for three sensors adopted to tests: a zero pressure dust sampling probe with the anemometric function as an element of the gravimetric dust sampler and comparatively - two commonly used Pitot tubes: types S and L.

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Zeng, Yuan, and Wang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Reducing Particle Accumulation for SCR-deNOx Facilities." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 4158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194158.

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Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is widely used to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the flue gas of coal-fired power plants. The accumulation of ash particles inside the SCR-deNOx facility will increase the risk of catalyst deactivation or even damage. This paper presents the numerical and experimental investigations on the particle dispersal approach for the SCR-deNOx facility of a 1000 MW coal-fired power plant. The accumulation of different-sized particles is evaluated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. To prevent particles from accumulation, an optimized triangular deflector is proposed and attempts are made to find out the optimal installing position of the deflector. For the π-type SCR-deNOx facilities, the particle accumulation predominantly occurred on one side of the catalysts’ entrance, which corresponds to the inner side of the wedge-shaped turning. It is indicated that particles larger than 8.8 × 10−2 mm are responsible for the significant accumulation. The triangular deflector is proved to be an effective way to reduce particle accumulation and is found most efficient when it is installed at the high-speed area of the vertical duct. Flow model test (FMT) is carried out to validate the dispersal effect for the particle with relatively large sizes and the optimal installing position of the triangular deflector.

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Scala, Fabrizio, Riccardo Chirone, and Amedeo Lancia. "In-duct Removal of Mercury from Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gas by Activated Carbon: Assessment of Entrained Flow Versus Wall Surface Contributions." Environmental Engineering Science 25, no. 10 (December 2008): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0194.

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Klistafani, Yiyin. "Studi Numerik Steady RANS Aliran Fluida di Dalam Asymmetric Diffuser." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v4i1.100.

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Research on fluid flow becomes a necessity to develop technology and for the welfare of human beings on earth. One of them is study of fluid flow in the diffuser. The example of diffuser application is used as a flue gas duct in the car or motorcycle. In addition, diffuser is also applied in air conditioning systems. Diffuser is a construction that able to control the behavior of the fluid. The increasing of cross section area in the diffuser will generate a positive pressure gradient or also called adverse pressure gradient (APG). The greater APG that happens, the greater energy required by the fluid to fight it, because APG will lead to separation. This study aimed to evaluate the numerical fluid flow in the asymmetric diffuser with divergence angle (θ) = 10 ° (upper wall) and widening one vertical side (α) of 20 ° (front wall). The Reynolds number is 8.7 x 104 by high inlet diffuser and the maximum velocity at the inlet diffuser. Turbulence models used are standard k-ɛ, realizable k-ε, and shear stress transport (SST) k-ω. Numerical study of steady RANS used Fluent 6.3.26 software. Results of numerical visualizations show that huge vortex established in diffuser, that’s why performance of diffuser is not optimal. In addition the location of separation point shown by SST k-ω is earlier than other turbulence models (standard k-ε and realizable k-ε).

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Mazin Hazim, Sinan, and Mohammed H. Alhamdo. "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT FOR ROTARY AIR PREHEATER OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 24, no. 06 (November 1, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.24.6.5.

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The corrosion phenomenon is considered the main problems for air preheater in thermal power plant. The boiler flue gas contamination leads to decrease the air preheater performance and increases the maintenance cost, which causes the degradation of the cold end heating elements and thus leads to decrease the heat recovery rate. In this study, an experimental investigation was done for the transient thermal behavior and the pressure drop of the standard regenerative air preheater (Pmatrix) model, evaluating the performance factor, then modifying the air preheater (P+CG) model by changing the plates at the cold end last basket to the coarse gravel media. Since the gravel media have low thermal conductivity and predicted to give a high pressure drop, a new technique was done for the modified air preheater to compensate the low heat transfer rates and reduce the pressure drop in the gravel media by inserting bypass tubes at ratios (i and s), Which, the (i) model represents the inner aperture of tubes for the hot baskets facing to the inner aperture of tubes for the cold basket. While (s) model the insertion the tubes of the hot baskets as a staggered distribution with the tubes for the cold basket. The experimental investigation was carried out for the Reynolds number based on the test duct hydraulic diameter at a range of 24500<Re < 98000 for each charge and discharge periods. The experimental results are presented in terms of the average heat transfer rate and the pumping power for matrix models. The experimental measured results corroborated that the bypass tubes have a significant impact on improving the heat transfer rate and the pressure drop reduction of the modified air preheater matrix. The results showed that the best performance factor was achieved in the air preheater (P+CG+Ts) model which found to be in the range of 0.7-0.31 at high and low Reynolds. However, this improvement increased the pumping power by 13% than the (Pmatrix) model.

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Hemalatha, C., T. Radhakrishnan, and K. Sankaranarayanasamy. "Ducting Optimization – A Case Study." International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering, January 2012, 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijarme.2012.1029.

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Ducting system in a power plant is a conduit connecting one system to another through which either cold air or hot air or flue gas with ash is conveyed for continuous operation of the plant. To perform this function properly, careful design of ducting is required to take care of the stresses and forces exerted by various loadings and thermal expansion of the ducting and equipment it connects under given pressure and temperature. Ducting can be of any configuration viz. square, rectangular, circular, straight or bend, elbow or any other irregular shape. The design of large air and gas ducts is an extremely complex task which should meet both mechanical and structural design criteria. The purpose of ducts is to efficiently convey the air or flue gas from one location to another while maintaining the pressure drop and temperature drop as low as possible. This paper discusses about the optimization in the design engineering of the duct system.

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Hemalatha, C., T. Radhakrishnan, and K. Sankaranarayanasamy. "Ducting Optimization – A Case Study." International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering, January 2012, 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijarme.2012.1029.

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Ducting system in a power plant is a conduit connecting one system to another through which either cold air or hot air or flue gas with ash is conveyed for continuous operation of the plant. To perform this function properly, careful design of ducting is required to take care of the stresses and forces exerted by various loadings and thermal expansion of the ducting and equipment it connects under given pressure and temperature. Ducting can be of any configuration viz. square, rectangular, circular, straight or bend, elbow or any other irregular shape. The design of large air and gas ducts is an extremely complex task which should meet both mechanical and structural design criteria. The purpose of ducts is to efficiently convey the air or flue gas from one location to another while maintaining the pressure drop and temperature drop as low as possible. This paper discusses about the optimization in the design engineering of the duct system.

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"99/02936 Corrosion damage of flue gas conduit supports in a desulfurized gas duct." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 40, no. 5 (September 1999): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(99)90891-3.

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Xu, Yin, Baosheng Jin, Zheng Zhou, and Wenjian Fang. "Experimental and numerical investigations of desulfurization wastewater evaporation in a lab-scale flue gas duct: evaporation and HCl release characteristics." Environmental Technology, September 30, 2019, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.1669722.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flue-gas duck'

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