Journal articles: 'Flue gas sampling thermal treatment'

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Kim, Jinkyu, Yuri Kim, Bumsoo Han, Nikolai Doutzkinov, and Kwang-Young Jeong. "Electron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 59, no. 6(1) (December 15, 2011): 3494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.3494.

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Paulauskas, Jõgi, Striūgas, Martuzevičius, Erme, Raud, and Tichonovas. "Application of Non-Thermal Plasma for NOx Reduction in the Flue Gases." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203955.

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Over the years, ever more stringent requirements on the pollutant emissions, especially NOX, from combustion systems burning natural gas are introduced by the European Union (EU). Among all NOX reduction methods, the flue gas treatment by plasma is widely applied and could be used for both small scale and domestic combustion systems. However, the removal efficiency depends on concentrations of oxygen, water vapor, traces of hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in flue gas. In order to analyze the application of the NOX reduction for small-scale or domestic combustion systems, experiments of NOX reduction by non-thermal plasma from real flue gases originating from premixed methane combustion at different equivalence ratio (ER) values were performed. It was determined that the residual oxygen in flue gas plays an important role for improvement of NO to NO2 oxidation efficiency when O2 concentrations are equal to or higher than 6%. The power consumption for the plasma oxidation constituted approximately 1% of the burner power. In the case of ozone treatment, the addition of O3 to flue gas showed even more promising results as NO formed during combustion was fully oxidized to NO2 at all ER values.

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Bhosale, Rahul R., and Vijaykumar V. Mahajani. "Kinetics of thermal degradation of renewably prepared amines useful for flue gas treatment." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 5, no. 6 (November 2013): 063110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4831960.

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Wang, Qiu Ping, Lei Han, Miao Zhang, and Feng Li. "Boiler Flue Gas Treatment of Cooling Water Circulation Device Control System Based on PLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.587.

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Boiler flue gas treatment of cooling water circulation device is a device which can produce dilute sulfuric acid by absorbing SO2 in the flue gas of boiler combustion and add dilute sulfuric acid to the circulating water. Adding dilute sulfuric acid to the circulating water, can reduce pH value of the thermal power plant cooling water, obstacles and reduce the condenser fouling. This paper has introduced the working process of the boiler flue gas treatment of cooling water circulation device and the design method of the control system based on SIEMENS S7-300 series PLC. The control system realizes data acquisition of the water level and the pH value, and control the operation of each equipment according to the collected data. Finally realized the purpose of producing dilute sulfuric acid.

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Huy, Nguyen Nhat, and Bích Thảo Nguyễn Thị. "Thermal oxidation of carbon monoxide in air using various self-prepared catalysts." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 2, SI2 (July 7, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v2isi2.469.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a very toxic pollutant emitted from wood fired boiler, which is widely used in small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. The treatment of CO containing flue gas faces many difficulties due to the inert property of CO and cannot be removed by traditional adsorption and absorption methods and one of the effective CO treatments is catalytic oxidation. Therefore, we aimed to prepare various catalysts on different carriers for treatment of CO in flue gas, including γ-Al2O3-based metal oxides (Co3O4/Al2O3, Cr2O3/Al2O3, and CuO/Al2O3), CuO–MnOx/OMS-2, and CuO-MnOx/zeolite. The CO removal tests were conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor in laboratory scale with temperature range of 50 – 550 oC. The characteristics of catalytic materials were then determined by various methods such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that CuO-MnOx/OMS-2 was the best catalyst with high removal efficiency of 98.41% at reactor temperature of 250 oC while gas outlet temperature of < 50 oC, proving the suitability of this material for practical treatment of CO in flue gas. The reaction follows Mars-Van-Krevelen mechanism with the presence of Cu2+-O2--Mn4+ ↔ Cu+-o-Mn3+ + O2 redox in the structure of the material. Moreover, the effect of environmental factors such as flow rate, inlet CO concentration, and catalysts amount on the CO removal efficiency were investigated and noted for designing and operation purposes. Concentration of outlet CO met well QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial emissions for dust and inorganic substances. Therefore, CuO-MnOx/OMS-2 catalyst material could be a potential catalyst for treatment of CO in flue gas of boiler.

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Arena, Umberto, Michael Nelles, and Joachim Werther. "Advanced aspects of thermal treatment of solid wastes: From a flue gas to a fuel gas technology?" Waste Management 32, no. 4 (April 2012): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.12.022.

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Ali, Abubakar M., Mohd A. Abu Hassan, Raja R. K. Ibrahim, Aishah A. Jalil, Nadirul H. Mat Nayan, Bala I. Abdulkarim, and Ali H. Sabeen. "Analysis of Solid residue and Flue Gas from Thermal Plasma Treatment of Petroleum Sludge." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7, no. 4 (August 2019): 103207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103207.

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Takaoka, Masaki, Kazuyuki Oshita, Masaharu Okada, Tomoaki Watanabe, and Koji Tanida. "Mercury behaviour in flue gas from sewage sludge incinerators and melting furnace." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.268.

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Abstract Thermal conversion of sewage sludge can be a clean source of renewable energy if the emission of air pollutants from the source is controlled. In 2013, the Minamata Convention on Mercury was adopted, placing greater emphasis on the control of mercury emissions, including mercury emissions from sewage sludge incinerators. To characterise the behaviour of mercury in flue gas, particulate and gaseous mercury concentrations in two incinerators and a melting furnace were measured by manual sampling. In a third facility, continuous emission monitoring was used to characterise temporal trends in gaseous mercury concentrations. Wet scrubbers were determined to be effective air pollution control devices suitable for mercury removal. Stack mercury concentrations were found to be <10 μg/Nm3, which meets the mercury emission standard for existing plants (50 μg/Nm3).

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Guo, Huiqian, Jing Wang, Jiangbo Wu, and Xiaoze Du. "Study on Spray Evaporation Treatment of Desulfurization Wastewater." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040418.

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Limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) often produces a certain amount of wastewater with complex water quality and heavy metal pollution which should be treated properly before release. Spaying the desulfurization wastewater into flue duct and using exhausted flue gas heat for evaporation is a promising and economical technology for achieving zero wastewater discharge in thermal power plant. To enable a more in-depth understanding on evaporation of FGD wastewater spray, a visual wind tunnel test rig based on the atomized droplet laser measuring system was built to reveal the impact factors on droplet thermal-fluid behavior. The dominant impact factors such as compressed air pressure and flow rate in air-blast spray nozzle, hot air temperature and velocity in the evaporation tunnel were analyzed to discuss the droplet size distribution and evaporation performance through alternating operate condition. A discrete mathematical model that combines both Eulerian and Lagrangian framework was established to validate the experiment result. It is concluded that introducing high pressure compressed air into the nozzle can contribute to the dispersion of droplets and enhance the evaporation rate. Proper flow rate in spray nozzle is required to avoid incomplete droplets evaporation. Air temperature and velocity in the evaporation tunnel apply positive impact on droplet size distribution and evaporation performance. Numerical simulation results of both dominant factors impact on evaporation behavior and total evaporation rate showed consistency with the experimental outcome.

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Namba, Hideki, Okihiro Tokunaga, Tadashi Tanaka, Yoshimi Ogura, Shinji Aoki, and Ryoji Suzuki. "The study of electron beam flue gas treatment for coal-fired thermal plant in Japan." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 42, no. 4-6 (October 1993): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-806x(93)90349-y.

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Chen, Hong, Yiyu Wang, Yanxiao Wei, Liang Peng, Bo Jiang, Gang Li, Guanlong Yu, and Chunyan Du. "Wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment with reclaimed water treatment plant sludge: a case study." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 11 (December 27, 2018): 2392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.525.

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Abstract To upgrade a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment process in a typical thermal power plant (TPP) in Hunan province, China, a new concept for reusing polyaluminum chloride (PAC)-based water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) as a coagulant is proposed. Results show that, for an optimal WTPS dosage of 1,000 mg/L, the corresponding removal capacities for suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the practical FGD wastewater were 58.3% and 40.3%, respectively. Through an advanced treatment with a dosage of 50 mg/L of PAC, pH of 9, and stirring of 150 r/min for 60 s and 50 r/min for 15 min, the total removal efficiencies of SS, COD, and total cadmium (Cd) from the FGD wastewater were 93.7%, 88.8%, and 84.6%, respectively. Therefore, a new modification process (that involves mixing with WTPS – slag cleaner – neutralization – coagulation – sedimentation) was proposed. The proposed process is economically superior, and the average cost for the FGD wastewater treatment was only 1.08 USD/t. This could provide a cost-effective alternative process for upgrading FGD wastewater treatment facilities of TPPs.

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Yang, Qingfeng, Karla Dussan, Rory F. D. Monaghan, and Xinmin Zhan. "Energy recovery from thermal treatment of dewatered sludge in wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.251.

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Sewage sludge is a by-product generated from municipal wastewater treatment (WWT) processes. This study examines the conversion of sludge via energy recovery from gasification/combustion for thermal treatment of dewatered sludge. The present analysis is based on a chemical equilibrium model of thermal conversion of previously dewatered sludge with moisture content of 60–80%. Prior to combustion/gasification, sludge is dried to a moisture content of 25–55% by two processes: (1) heat recovered from syngas/flue gas cooling and (2) heat recovered from syngas combustion. The electricity recovered from the combined heat and power process can be reused in syngas cleaning and in the WWT plant. Gas temperature, total heat and electricity recoverable are evaluated using the model. Results show that generation of electricity from dewatered sludge with low moisture content (≤ 70%) is feasible within a self-sufficient sludge treatment process. Optimal conditions for gasification correspond to an equivalence ratio of 2.3 and dried sludge moisture content of 25%. Net electricity generated from syngas combustion can account for 0.071 kWh/m3 of wastewater treated, which is up to 25.4–28.4% of the WWT plant's total energy consumption.

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Ren, Meng Meng, Shu Zhong Wang, Li Li Qian, and Yan Hui Li. "High-Pressure Direct-Fired Steam-Gas Generator (HDSG) for Heavy Oil Recovery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.523.

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High-pressure direct-fired steam-gas generator (HDSG) is to produce multiplex thermal fluid (contains water, CO2, N2 etc.) through efficient direct-contact heat transfer, which would utilize the flue gas heat and reduce the gas emission caused by ordinary boiler. Furthermore, the multiplex thermal fluid can promote the heavy oil recovery by both steam flooding and miscible flooding. This paper introduced three kinds of HDSG: pressurized submerged combustion vaporization (PSCV), multiplex thermal fluid generator and supercritical hydrothermal combustor, which are different in work pressure and method of mixing water and flue gas. Then, we discussed the economic efficiency of HDSG used for heavy oil recovery and concluded that although the pressurization of fuel and oxygen would cost as much as the energy saved by utilizing the flue gas heat, using HDSG for heavy oil recovery has other incalculable benefits such as miscible flooding, waste water treatment and reduction of heat loss through injection well. Finally, we indicated that supercritical hydrothermal combustor will be the trendy of HDSG and pointed out the future research should be carried out on the heat and mass transfer characteristic of the combustion field when water presents and the combustion stability and completeness when pressure increases.

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ABUBAKAR, ALI, Bala Abdulkarim, and Ephraim Kefas. "APPLICATION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMAL ARC PLASMA REACTOR FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRY WASTEWATER SLUDGE TREATMENT." JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 36, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51975/srcx6538.

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A large quantity of wastewater sludge is generated yearly. Traditional disposal methods are short of providing the much needed benign treatment. Thermal plasma is a promising treatment technique to address this problem. A 20 cm3 capacity laboratory-scale thermal-arc plasma reactor was developed using a 4.5 kW TIG welding torch and was used to treat wastewater sludge. The design was based on a DC transferred-arc torch with argon gas as plasma forming gas. The reactor was tested with wastewater sludge from the petroleum industry. The plasma arc temperature was in the range of 356 – 1694 oC at an arc current of 100 – 190 A. Two products, flue gas and a vitreous slag were obtained. A mass reduction of 36.87 – 91.40% of the sludge was achieved at an arc current 150 – 190 A, which correspond to a plasma temperature range of 539 – 1603 oC. The mass reduction increased with treatment duration from 2 – 8 min. The mass reduction also increased with increasing arc current from 150 – 190 A at an interval of 20 A. Reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) was between 74.03 – 75.83%. The metal elements in the wastewater sludge were enriched after the plasma treatment. The composition of the flue gas is H2, CO, O2, CO2, CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons. CO is the major component accounting for over 74%. The concentration of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2 combined) is less than unity. The system was able to gasify the organics in the wastewater sludge to combustible gases and vitrified the inorganics into a slag. Keyword: Thermal plasma, wastewater sludge, plasma temperature, mass reduction, TOC, carbon conversion

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Guo, Xiao Lu, and Hui Sheng Shi. "Thermal treatment and utilization of flue gas desulphurization gypsum as an admixture in cement and concrete." Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 7 (July 2008): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.001.

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Laohalertdecha, Dararat, Kampanart Theinnoi, and Sak Sittichompoo. "The Prototype of Non-thermal Plasma After treatment System for Simultaneous Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emission in Flue Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 302 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130201010.

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Nowadays, global warming is the main environmental problems all over the world. The air pollutants mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and coal in power plants, transportation, and automobiles. There are release major point emission of the atmosphere. The nitrogen oxides are the most relevant for air pollution that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Numerous methods have been studied to eliminate the nitrogen oxides such as the use low-nitrogen fuels technology, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR), wet scrubbing. The aim of this research is investigated non-thermal plasma (NTP) techniques offer an innovation to eliminate both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and soot emissions from combustion. This study is used to selectively transfer input electrical energy to electrons without expending this in heating the entire gas flow which creates free radicals in the flue gases. The simulated flue gas from combustion process is applied to the system. The results showed that the prototype of nonthermal plasma system is shown the highly efficient of NOx removal was achieved. However, the optimised of NTP operating conditions are required to enhance the NOx reduction activities.

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Wertz, David L., Kathleen H. Burns, Robert W. Keeton, Eldon Dilie, S. Angelovich, and S. Hassette. "Thermal Preparation Effects on the X-Ray Diffractograms of Compounds Produced During Flue Gas Desulfurization." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018528.

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Abstract The diffractograms of syn-gypsum and of fine gas desulfurization products indicate that CaSO4.2H2O is converted to other phase(s) when heated to 100°C. Syn-hannebachite (CaSO30.5H2O) is unaffected by similar thermal treatment.

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Safin, Ruslan R., P. A. Kaynov, and Elena A. Beliakova. "Research of Wood Thermal Modification Process in Flue Gases Environment." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.266.

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Thermal modification is a modern demanded technology allowing receiving natural environmentally friendly material with increased bioproofness and dimensional stability. However, the known technologies of heat treatment of massive wood are rather power-intensive therefore an urgent task is to decrease the energy consumption rate of this process. For this purpose the authors have suggested the technology at which the flue gases, received by gasification of waste of the wood processing industry, act as the agent of processing. The results of the research of this process are presented in the article, the rational modes of processing for concrete types of timber (oak, pine and birch, thickness from 30 to 60 mm) are defined and also the interrelation between the moist characteristics of the wood fuel used for receiving flue gas and the technological modes of processing of massive wood are established. It is also defined that the thickness and breed of material, namely the maintenance of pentosanes as a part of the modified wood exerts impact on the process of thermal decomposition of timber.

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Ostrowski, Piotr, and Filip Szelejewski. "Estimation of the coal fired heat plant energy efficiency increase after heat recovery from flue gas cooling down below the dew point." E3S Web of Conferences 82 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198201003.

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The paper shows a method of the assessment of the energy efficiency of a modernised steam boiler house in which the thermal energy is recovered due to cooling of the flue gas below dew point. In addition to the energy recovery the modernisation also consists of a wet flue gas treatment that ensures a reduction in emissions of particulates and acidic gas. The publication presents the correct and simple indicator for the assessment of improvement of energy efficiency. Additionally some recommendations based on the example of settlement of savings made in hard coal heating plant, equipped with three steam boilers, fire-tube type, with a capacity of 3x3.0 t/h, operating with quasi-constant output during the year are shown.

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Oischinger, Jürgen, Martin Meiller, Robert Daschner, Andreas Hornung, and Ragnar Warnecke. "Fate of nano titanium dioxide during combustion of engineered nanomaterial-containing waste in a municipal solid waste incineration plant." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19862603.

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The market for products containing engineered nanomaterial (ENM) is constantly expanding. At the end of their lifecycle, a significant fraction of the products will be disposed as ENM-containing waste in thermal treatment plants. Up to now there are still uncertainties on the fate and behaviour of ENM during waste incineration. In our investigations, nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) was selected as an example for ENM, because of its high amount in consumer products and its relevance to the ENM-containing waste stream. Two test series were conducted at the municipal solid waste incineration plant “Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt”. For each test series, background concentrations of titanium were measured first. Samples of bottom ash, bottom ash extractor water, fly ash (boiler ash, cyclone ash), flue gas cleaning products (spray absorber ash, fabric filter ash) and washing water from the wet scrubber were taken in order to determine the fate of nTiO2. The flue gas was sampled at three points: after boiler, after cyclone and before stack. The experiments showed that most of the used reference material was located in the solid residues (i.e. bottom ash) while a smaller part was detected in the products of the flue gas cleaning. In the purified flue gas before the stack, the concentration was negligible. The flue gas cleaning system at the Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt complies with the requirements of the best available techniques and the results cannot be transferred to plants with lower standards.

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M. Ali, Abubakar, Mohd A. Abu-Hassan, Raja R.K. Ibrahim, and Bala I. Abdulkarim. "Development of a Laboratory-Scale Thermal-Arc-Plasma Reactor and its Application in the Pyrolysis of Petroleum Oily Sludge." Frontiers in Advanced Materials Research 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/famr2012.

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Waste treatment using thermal arc plasma is well established and laboratory/pilot scale plasma reactors were developed and their performances for the destruction of different hazardous wastes, other than petroleum oily sludge, were studied. This work aims to extend the plasma technology to the pyrolysis of hazardous petroleum oily sludge. A 4.7 kW thermal arc plasma reactor was developed using a standard TIG arc welding torch. The transferred arc plasma reactor was used to treat 20 g/batch of petroleum oily sludge. The prevailing temperature inside the reactor ranges between 356 – 1694 oC. The plasma arc temperature increased with increasing plasma arc current and also with increasing plasma gas flow-rate. A vitreous slag and a flue gas were generated as products. A mass reduction of between 36.87 – 91.40% and a TOC reduction of 21.47 – 93.76% were achieved in the treatment time of 2 – 5 min. The mass reduction was observed to increase with treatment time. However, the increase was more rapid between the 3rd and the 4th min of the treatment. The flue gas produced contains H2 (43.79 – 50.97 mol%), H2O (26.60 – 30.22 mol%), CO (8.45 – 11.18 mol%), CO2 (5.12 – 10.35 mol%), CH4 (2.17 – 3.38 mol%), C2H2 (0.86 – 2.69 mol%) and C2H4 (0.76 – 2.17 mol%). Thus, the thermal plasma reactor provides a suitable method of treating petroleum oily sludge.

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Hagarová, Mária, Milan Vaško, Miroslav Pástor, Gabriela Baranová, and Miloš Matvija. "Effect of Flue Gases’ Corrosive Components on the Degradation Process of Evaporator Tubes." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 3860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143860.

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Corrosion of boiler tubes remains an operational and economic limitation in municipal waste power plants. The understanding of the nature, mechanism, and related factors can help reduce the degradation process caused by corrosion. The chlorine content in the fuel has a significant effect on the production of gaseous components (e.g., HCl) and condensed phases on the chloride base. This study aimed to analyze the effects of flue gases on the outer surface and saturated steam on the inner surface of the evaporator tube. The influence of gaseous chlorides and sulfates or their deposits on the course and intensity of corrosion was observed. The salt melts reacted with the steel surface facing the flue gas flow and increased the thickness of the oxide layer up to a maximum of 30 mm. On the surface not facing the flue gas flow, they disrupted the corrosive layer, reduced its adhesion, and exposed the metal surface. Beneath the massive deposits, a local overheating of the inner surface of the evaporator tubes occurred, which resulted in the release of the protective magnetite layer from the surface. Ash deposits reduce the boiler’s thermal efficiency because they act as a thermal resistor for heat transfer between the flue gases and the working medium in the pipes. The effect of insufficient feedwater treatment was evinced in the presence of mineral salts in the corrosion layer on the inner surface of the tube.

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Li, Yue, Jian Hui Wu, Bin Hao, and Da Cheng Liu. "Heat Treatment Process of the Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum and its Influence on the Properties of Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.40.

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The Crystal Transformation of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum was analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FGD gypsum was used as cement setting retarder and the influences on the properties of cement were studied by treating FGD gypsum at different heat treatment processes. The results reveal that in the case of adding the same amount, the setting time of cement shortened with the increasing of heat treatment temperature of FGD gypsum. The influence of different heat treatment processes on the strength of cements was not obvious and the strength development was good. The water consumption of normal consistency for cements changed slightly. Stability was qualified.

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Zhang, Xian Long, Wei Ping Jiang, Xue Ping Wu, Bo Wen Shi, Bao Jun Yang, Xiao Bin Jia, and Cui Ping Zhang. "The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Palygorskite Used for Flue Gas SO₂ Removal." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.698.

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Palygorskite is widely used as industrial adsorbent and also potential for flue gas desulfurization by adsorption of SO2. The effect of thermal treatment on Palygorskite’s structural properties and its performance in SO2adsorption were investigated. The textural and structural properties of the prepared palygorskite adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The result showed the channel of Palygorskite is partial collapsed and the structure is not changed ultimately when thermally treated below 300 °C. The structure of Palygorskite is Gradually changed when the treating temperature is higher than 300 °C and is damaged entirety till 800 °C. As a result, the adsorption capacity of SO2on Palygorskite decreased drastically. It is suggested that the presences of surface adorbed water and zeolitic water which occupy a large number of adsorption sites are disadvantage for the adsorption of SO2, and dissimilarly the presence of crystal-bonded water is favorable.

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Tan, Chao, Dongsheng Yang, Saibo Yu, Ke Li, Haifeng Tan, Hongmei Fan, Shitai Wang, et al. "Effect and Mechanism of High-Pressure Processing: A Case Study of Flue-Cured Tobacco." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 27, no. 7 (September 1, 2017): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cttr-2017-0017.

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Summary After a high-pressure processing (HPP) treatment sensory evaluation of flue-cured tobacco showed modifications. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the routine chemical components (total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, and total nitrogen) of flue-cured tobacco after high-pressure processing treatment (HPP sample) and that of an untreated control group (CG). An overall judgement, which can be made from the observations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is that HPP could compress the inner tunnel and tissue gap in a flue-cured tobacco leaf. However, the ultrastructure, such as the cellular cytoskeleton, would not be changed. Compared with CG, the apparent density of the HPP sample rose by 19.3%, while the true density only rose by 1.4%. This also explained that the main effect of high-pressure processing on flue-cured tobacco was microstructure compression rather than compression on the ultrastructure level. The differences between the lamina (leaf-shaped) sample, which were caused by high-pressure processing, were reflected in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). When the same tests were carried out using a sample that was milled to a powder, however, these differences were nearly removed. The milling process destroyed most of the microstructure of the flue-cured tobacco lamina; therefore, the results of THz-TDS, STA, and Py-GC/MS confirmed the hypothesis: That 400 MPa high-pressure processing treatment minimally changes the ultrastructure of flue-cured tobacco and only changes its relatively larger microstructure.

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Reimann, Dieter O. "Heavy Metals and Heat Value in Sewage Sludge." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0103.

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Of the 50 × 106 Mg of sewage sludge (5% dry solids) produced per year in the FRG, 60% is dumped, 30% used in agriculture or composted, and 10% is combusted. For all the different types of sludge utilization, thermal sludge treatment and disposal or dumping, major problems are created by pollutants in the sludge.There may be serious levels not only of salts and organic pollutants, but also especially of heavy metals.The content of these pollutants causes environmental dangers in soil, plants, groundwater and in the air. For the thermal treatment or disposal of sludge, knowledge of the salt and heavy metal content is important for the choice of the right flue gas cleaning system.Only by this means can hazardous emissions into the air be avoided. The advantage of thermal sludge treatment as opposed to the dumping and utilization systems must be seen in the thermal destruction of the organic pollutants.At the same time, as a large part of the heavy metals are evaporated by the high burning temperature, they are taken up into the flue gas and can be captured by condensation on the filter-ash or in the scrubber water. In the combustion of sludge its heat value is very important, and is dependent on the organic matter and the water content of the sludge, which can be influenced by dewatering systems. Comparative results on heavy metals and heat values for different sorts of sludges have been collected in a great number of investigations.The results of these investigations are presented and should serve as a basis for the prevention of negative environmental influences by the utilization, dumping or burning of sludge.

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Du Breuil, Clémence, Louis César Pasquier, Gregory Dipple, Jean-François Blais, Maria Cornelia Iliuta, and Guy Mercier. "Impact of particle size in serpentine thermal treatment: Implications for serpentine dissolution in aqueous-phase using CO2 in flue gas conditions." Applied Clay Science 182 (December 2019): 105286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105286.

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Hwang, In-Hee, Takayuki Matsuo, Toshihiko Matsuto, Yasumasa Tojo, and Ryoji Sameshima. "Dry scrubbing of municipal solid waste incineration flue gas using porous sodium carbonate produced via vacuum thermal treatment of sodium bicarbonate." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23, no. 4 (May 8, 2021): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01241-4.

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Chera-Anghel, Irina Alina, Loredana Popescu, and Florentina Condrea. "Impact of pollutants in the energy sector on the environment and technologies for treating liquid and solid waste from power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018002010.

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The main pollutants in the soil are composed of ash, clay, and calcium sulfur, which results from the desulfurization of flue gases. However, the infiltration of liquid fuels and lubricants, as well as transformation oil, may be neglected. Liquid residues result from several technological processes. The main source of pollution is the water treatment process that must be used in the water-steam circuit. Another important source of liquid residues is the cooling process of the thermal agent. A third major source of water pollution is the flue gas desulphurization process and the transport of slag and ash. Thus, it should not be neglected that power plants are large industrial installations, which require permanent maintenance, liquid residues resulting from cleaning operations of various equipment. To have the technology for treatment, disposal and storage of high-efficiency waste, we must take into account the following factors: the volume and type of waste, their properties, the likely evolution of the installation, the volume of waste generated by it, treatment possibilities and even limits imposed by environmental regulations.

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Yan, Mingwei, and Yuetao Shi. "Thermal and Economic Analysis of Multi-Effect Concentration System by Utilizing Waste Heat of Flue Gas for Magnesium Desulfurization Wastewater." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205384.

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Compared with limestone-based wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), magnesia-based WFGD has many advantages, but it is not popular in China, due to the lack of good wastewater treatment schemes. This paper proposes the wastewater treatment scheme of selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, and makes thermal and economic analysis for different concentration systems in the scheme. Comparisons of different concentration systems for 300 MW power plant were made to determine which system is the best. The results show that the parallel-feed benchmark system is better than the forward-feed benchmark system, and the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process is better than other parallel-feed optimization systems. Analyses of the parallel-feed optimization system with 7-process were made in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants. The results show that the annual profit of concentration system for a 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plant is about 2.58 million, 5.35 million, and 7.89 million Chinese Yuan (CNY), respectively. In different concentration systems of the scheme for selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process has the best performance. The scheme can make a good profit in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants, and it is very helpful for promoting magnesia-based WFGD in China.

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Kerdsuwan, Somrat. "Innovative Design and Manufacturing Technology of High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.377.

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Incineration is a Thermal Treatment Technology (3Ts) that could be expressed as the way to get rid of waste effectively with the reduction of its mass and volume. However, to control the combustion process efficiently, especially combustion temperature, with low energy content in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), an additional fuel is needed and leads to increase of operating cost compared with other disposal option. High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) has been successfully demonstrated in a lab-scale incinerator for energy saving and pollutant reduction, especially NOx. This article has the objective to design and manufacture the prototype scale High Temperature Air Incinerator with a capacity to treat MSW of 12 Ton per day. The system consists of an automatic feeding machine to feed the waste into the primary combustion chamber (PCC) where the combustion takes place. The push ram is used to push the burning waste and fall down to the lower hearth. Primary combustion air is supplied into PCC at the amount lower than the stoichiometric requirement to produce the combustible gas which is flown into the Secondary Combustion Chamber (SCC) located above PCC. Secondary combustion air is injected to react with combustible gas to convert to the product of complete combustion. A part of hot flue gas which is flew out from SCC is reverted and mixed with fresh air, in order to reduce oxygen concentration, before passing through the heat exchanger tube bundle which is placed inside SCC in order to exchange heat with hot flue gas. To manufacture the designed incinerator, the detail of materials used as well as the frabication method is explained. It has been shown that HTAC can be applied for thermal destruction of waste successfully, in term of energy saving and pollutant free. Benefits of this research work will promote the using of thermal treatment technology of dispose of MSW with lower operating cost and lower pollutants.

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Mori, Y., S. M. Masutani, G. C. Nihous, L. A. Vega, and C. M. Kinoshita. "Pre-Combustion Removal of Carbon Dioxide From Natural Gas Power Plants and the Transition to Hydrogen Energy Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905945.

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A system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from combustion power plants is described. Unlike earlier proposals based on flue gas treatment, the problem is addressed prior to combustion by reforming the hydrocarbon fuel into H2 and CO2. Following separation, H2 is burned in place of the original fuel and the captured CO2 is liquefied and injected into the deep ocean at a depth sufficient to ensure effective containment, and to minimize damage to the marine environment. Calculations indicate moderate plant thermal efficiency and power cost penalties. In addition, the H2 production potential of this system may be exploited as a means to facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to future hydrogen energy systems.

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Wang, Fan, Jin Wei Zhu, Qing Cao, Xiang Feng Wang, Fan Zhang, Ying Ri Li, and Hong Mei Wang. "Study on Mercury Emission Control of Dust Removal System for 300MW Coal-Fired Units." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2133.

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In this study we researched on the gaseous mercury removal performances of fabric filter (FF), electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies on 300 MW coal-fired boilers, gaseous mercury sampling was conducted according to US EPA Method 30B and Method 29, and the changes of various forms of mercury before and after the dust removal treatment were analyzed. The results show that FF is the most effective for fine particles removal, and more than 99.5 % of the particulate mercury was removed; the gaseous mercury removal efficiency of ESP was only 30%, while the efficiency of FF was 45% or higher; the combination of FF and wet FGD could remove 63.65 % of the gaseous mercury.

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Wu, Hai Long, Sheng Yong Lu, Xiao Dong Li, and Jian Hua Yan. "Removal of Pollutants from High Polychlorinated Biphenyl Level Contaminated Soil at Different Thermal Treated Time." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1034.

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High contaminated level of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) in soil could not be easily removed by routine method. Since thermal treatment technology becomes a promising method especially for removal of volatile organic compounds, it has not yet been widespread in China for some technical and economic reasons. Experiments were conducted in a horizontal quartz tube furnace with nitrogen as the unique carrier gas, and heating temperature was set at 500oC with retention time of flue gas desorbed from soil was about 1 min. It has been found that total removal efficiency of PCBs from soil increased with the heating time was prolonged. Thermal treated time of 60 min seems suitable for the removal of PCBs, with the removal efficiency of 95.8% in solid phase. It has also been concluded that the removal mechanism of PCBs from soil endures dechlorination and destruction reactions with anticipation of catalytic metals. Normal gaseous pollutants desorbed from soil were also studied, H2O evaporation was favored with at the beginning of thermal process; after H2O evaporation, the organic matters began to decompose; when the thermal treated time was longer than 20 min, the desorption of the normal gaseous pollutants were almost finished (except for NH3).

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Yokohama, Naoki, Hiroaki Otaka, Ichiro Minato, and Munetaka Nakata. "Evaluation of gas-particle partition of dioxins in flue gas I: Evaluation of gasification behavior of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in fly ash by thermal treatment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 153, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.016.

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R. Shaikhutdinova, A., R. R. Safin, F. V. Nazipova, and S. R. Mukhametzyanov. "Use of Thermo-Modified Wood Massif in Making Parametric Exterior Furniture." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.25045.

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This paper proposes the use of an array of heat-treated wood of various species to make parametric furniture for the purpose of operation in the exterior, and on objects in conditions of high humidity. The dependence of change in the color range of thermowoods depending on the temperature and duration of treatment is presented. Experiments were carried out to study the biological stability of thermally modified wood treated by various technologies including: vacuum-convective thermal modification in superheated steam, convective thermal modification in high-pressure saturated steam, as well as in hydrophobic liquids, in flue gas and vacuum-conductive thermal-modifying. The degree of resistance of wood was determined, which allows to conclude that the mass losses of heat-treated specimens caused by the destructive action of fungi are significantly lower compared to untreated ones. The researchwas conducted to determine the numerical characteristics of microroughness of the polished surface of wood, thermally modified at different temperatures.

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Alikin, Yu S., V. V. Ermolaev, Yu V. Telegina, M. V. Alekseeva, V. P. Klimenko, G. I. Bagryantsev, and A. Ya Stolbov. "ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND METHOD OF THERMAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2020-27-1-36-54.

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Addressing environmental security and sustainable development depends on the policy of the government, and from the technological development of society. Ideally, this is the development of technologies that are able to work on the conditions of waste-free production. Unfortunately, such technologies do not actually exist, and getting a useful product is associated with the simultaneous formation of waste both production and consumption (MSW-solid household waste), which involves the entire population of the country. The problem of waste disposal can be solved by creating waste processing plants equipped with special thermal waste disposal plants and effective multi-stage flue gas cleaning systems. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the method of waste heat treatment in rotating furnaces, where it is possible to jointly neutralize liquid, solid and pasty waste. A similar unit with capacity of 250–300 kg/h to 5 t/h household waste developed by OOO «Fire technology» in cooperation with the Institutes of theoretical and applied mechanics, Thermophysics and operated in the Republic of Korea, China and RP Kochenevo Novosibirsk region.

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Zhang, Zhenmin, Yujie Zhu, Jianjun Shen, Anqi Tu, Yu Wu, and Zhiyong Zhang. "Analysis and Treatment Measures of Continuous Emission Monitoring System Fouling in a Coal-Fired Power Plant after Ultra-Low Emission Transformation." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8132.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micro-morphology analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) component analysis were conducted on the fouling of continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) sampling tube at the outlet of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) of unit 1 in a 600 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that the main component of fouling was ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which was generated by the reaction between phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid titration device and the NH3 escaping from the selective catalyst reduction (SCR) denitrification system, and corresponding treatment measures were taken. It indicates that the average value of ammonia escape was reduced from 1.79 ppm to 1.54 ppm through the ammonia injection optimization test of the SCR denitrification system (at the load of 410 MW of the unit), which effectively reduced the generation of fouling. This research provides reference for improving the reliability of coal-fired unit operation after ultra-low emission transformation.

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Liu, Lu, Cheng Hang Zheng, and Xiang Gao. "Treatment of V₂O₅/TiO₂ by Non-Thermal Plasma: Changes in Surface Characters and Mercury Oxidation Activity." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.519.

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The technology for mercury removal in coal-fired power plant is still under development. In the flue gas, elemental mercury is the main component of mercury, and is hard to be removed due to its high volatility and low solubility. So converting Hg0 to Hg2+ in or ahead of the FGD is significant to enhance mercury removal. In this work, plasma treatment method was used to prepare V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for effectively oxidation of Hg0. Plasma treatment of V2O5/TiO2 resulted in the improvement of mercury oxidation activity. The Hg0 oxidation efficiency of the catalysts treated by plasma is over 82% at 300 °C, which is about 30% higher than that of the untreated catalyst. The catalysts were characterized using SEM, BET and EPR. SEM results indicated that plasma treatment can create cracks and small particles on simple surface, however, calcinations cause sintering and agglomeration. The superior catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the formation of particles attached to the catalyst surface, the higher amount of V4+ ions and vacancies on the catalyst surface.

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40

Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang, and Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.

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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollution. The toxic equivalent quantity values of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased to <6 ng kg−1 and the detoxification rate was ⩾97% after treatment for 1 h at 400 °C under oxygen-deficient conditions. About 8.49% of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of the original fly ash were desorbed or regenerated. The extreme high polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congener profiles in the dust of the flue gas showed that desorption was the main reason, rather than de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust pipe. Degradation furnace flue gas was introduced to the municipal solid waste incinerator economiser, and then co-processed in the air pollution control system. The degradation furnace released relatively large amounts of cadmium, lead and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans compared with the municipal solid waste incinerator, but the amounts emitted to the atmosphere did not exceed the Chinese national emission limits. Thermal degradation can therefore be used as a polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran abatement method for municipal solid waste incinerator source in China.

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Isaacman, G., N. M. Kreisberg, L. D. Yee, D. R. Worton, A. W. H. Chan, J. A. Moss, S. V. Hering, and A. H. Goldstein. "Online derivatization for hourly measurements of gas- and particle-phase semi-volatile oxygenated organic compounds by thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (SV-TAG)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2014): 4417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4417-2014.

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Abstract. Laboratory oxidation studies have identified a large number of oxygenated organic compounds that can be used as tracers to understand sources and oxidation chemistry of atmospheric particulate matter. Quantification of these compounds in ambient environments has traditionally relied on low-time-resolution collection of filter samples followed by offline sample treatment with a derivatizing agent to allow analysis by gas chromatography of otherwise non-elutable organic chemicals with hydroxyl groups. We present here an automated in situ instrument for the measurement of highly polar organic semi-volatile and low-volatility compounds in both the gas- and particle-phase with hourly quantification of mass concentrations and gas–particle partitioning. The dual-cell semi-volatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) with derivatization collects particle-only and combined particle-plus-vapor samples on two parallel sampling cells that are analyzed in series by thermal desorption into helium saturated with derivatizing agent. Introduction of MSTFA (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide), a silylating agent, yields complete derivatization of all tested compounds, including alkanoic acids, polyols, diacids, sugars, and multifunctional compounds. In laboratory tests, derivatization is found to be highly reproducible (< 3% variability). During field deployment, a regularly injected internal standard is used to correct for variability in detector response, consumption of the derivatization agent, desorption efficiency, and transfer losses. Error in quantification from instrument fluctuations is found to be less than 10% for hydrocarbons and less than 15% for all oxygenates for which a functionally similar internal standard is available, with an uncertainty of 20–25% in measurements of particle fraction. After internal standard corrections, calibration curves are found to be linear for all compounds over the span of 1 month, with comparable response on both of the parallel sampling cells.

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Isaacman, G., N. M. Kreisberg, L. D. Yee, D. R. Worton, A. W. H. Chan, J. A. Moss, S. V. Hering, and A. H. Goldstein. "On-line derivatization for hourly measurements of gas- and particle-phase Semi-Volatile oxygenated organic compounds by Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatography (SV-TAG)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (July 23, 2014): 7495–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-7495-2014.

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Abstract. Laboratory oxidation studies have identified a large number of oxygenated organic compounds that can be used as tracers to understand sources and oxidation chemistry of atmospheric particulate matter. Quantification of these compounds in ambient environments has traditionally relied on low time-resolution collection of filter samples followed by offline sample treatment with a derivatizing agent to allow analysis by gas chromatography of otherwise non-elutable organic chemicals with hydroxyl groups. We present here an automated in situ instrument for the measurement of highly polar organic semi-volatile and low-volatility compounds in both the gas- and particle-phase with hourly time-resolution. The dual-cell Semi-Volatile Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) with derivatization collects particle-only and combined particle-plus-vapor samples on two parallel sampling cells that are analyzed in series by thermal desorption into helium saturated with derivatizing agent. Introduction of MSTFA, a silylating agent, yields complete derivatization of all tested compounds, including alkanoic acids, polyols, diacids, sugars, and multifunctional compounds. In laboratory tests, derivatization is found to be highly reproducible (< 3% variability). During field deployment, a regularly injected internal standard is used to correct for variability in detector response, derivatization efficiency, desorption efficiency, and transfer efficiency. Error in quantification from instrument fluctuations is found to be less than 10% for hydrocarbons and less than 15% for all oxygenates for which a functionally similar internal standard is available. After internal standard corrections, calibration curves are found to be linear for all compounds over the span of one month with comparable response on both of the parallel sampling cells.

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43

Chen, Ying, Hongwei He, Shaohua Wu, Xin Ning, Fuxing Chen, Yanru Lv, Juan Yu, and Rong Zhou. "Mn/Ce Oxides Decorated Polyphenylene Sulfide Needle-Punching Fibrous Felts for Dust Removal and Denitration Application." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010168.

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Development of a novel filter material is urgently required for replacing the high-cost flue gas purification technology in the simultaneous removal of both fine dust and Nitrogen oxides (NOx). In this study; polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) needle-punching fibrous felts (NPFF) were employed as the filter material to remove the fine dust; and in the meanwhile; Mn and Ce oxides were loaded onto the PPS NPFF as the catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. Two different pretreatment methods; i.e., sodium alginate (SA) deposition and plasma treatment; were employed to modify the PPS NPFF before the traditional impregnation and thermal treatment processes during the catalyst loading. The results showed that these two pretreatment methods both afforded the PPS NPFF with the enhanced loading rate and stability of Mn/Ce oxides compared to those without any pretreatments; which were significantly beneficial for the denitration application. Moreover; we found that both SA deposition and plasma pre-treated samples presented excellent dust-removal properties; and the filtration efficiency could reach 100% when the particle size of the fine particulates was above 4 μm. This study demonstrated that our Mn/Ce oxides decorated PPS NPFF have great potential to be applied in the fuel gas purification field; due to their stable structure; handling convenience; and excellent filtration efficiency; as well as high denitration performance.

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Zamalieva, A. T., and M. G. Ziganshin. "Improving the reliability, as well as energy and environmental efficiency of gas cleaning systems at TPP." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 4 (January 21, 2019): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-288-293.

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Energy is the basic sector of the economy and the largest consumer of primary energy resources of any country, which is why the development of world energy is accompanied by global pressure on the environment. The issues are considered of reducing the atmospheric impact of emissions of thermal power plants, improving the reliability and working life of their units, systems, and plants as a whole. The principles are presented of development and improvement of technologies for processing industrial emissions of thermal power plants, the neutralization of which is currently relevant on a regional and global scale. Analysis is carried out of existing methods of cyclone and filtration treatment. An improved design of a cyclone filter is proposed, which allows to increase the reliability of gas turbine and steam-gas units of TPP, while ensuring the efficiency of separation of the suspended part of the flow at the gas treatment point (GTP) of TPP. Similar devices can also be used to increase the degree of cleaning atmospheric emissions released by the TPP coal dust preparation and flue gas systems at coal generation from fi ne particles of PM10 and PM2,5 classes (coal dust and ash), owing to reduction of the size of caught particles from average values for cyclones and wet scrubbers of the order of 5–10 μm to 0.5 μm. The design of the cyclone filter is improved as a result of research of cyclone filtration by methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A system of Reynolds-averaged equations of a single-phase Navier-Stokes flow is used for mathematical modeling of motion in the cyclone filter. To determine the efficiency of separation of the suspended part of the flow in the cyclone filter, the Rercomplex is used obtained by reducing a set comprising the Navier-Stokes equations and the equation of particle motion based on Newton's law to a dimensionless form. Numerical characteristics of the suspension sedimentation from a multiphase flow in a cyclone separator of specified dimensions are found by means of the Rercomplex. The results of bench tests of the proposed design of the cyclone filter are given.

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Kostov, Vladimir, Jens Gibmeier, Stephen Doyle, and Alexander Wanner. "Real Time Monitoring of the Strain Evolution during Rapid Heat Treatment of Steel Samples by Means of Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2423.

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An innovative experimental set-up for fast X-ray diffraction analysis on polycrystalline materials has been established at the synchrotron radiation facility ANKA (Karlsruhe, Germany). Key components of the set-up are two fast microstrip line detectors arranged symmetrically around the incident beam in the backscatter region. The capabilities of the set-up are tested by means of in-situ heat treatment experiments on SAE 4140 steel samples. In this feasibility study the heat was introduced by means of either a heating stage or by means of a gas tungsten arc welding torch. It will be shown that the evolution of thermal and elastic lattice strains can be monitored at a sampling rate of up to 4 Hz at a bending-magnet synchrotron beamline. Since the sampling rate may be increased further at a insertion device synchrotron beamline providing higher photon flux, our setup appears to be feasible for monitoring laser treatments in real time.

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Zhan, Xiao Yuan, Fang Wang, Zhen Qi Song, Lian Jun Chen, and Zeng Di Cui. "Development Model of Circular Eco-Industrial Park for Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Gangue in Coal Enterprise." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.71.

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Development of circular economy is a certain choice for economic sustainable development, to establish a circular eco-industrial park for comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in coal enterprise is a new exploration for circular economy. In order to make vast and efficient use of existing and newly increased coal gangue to resolve the serious environmental and ecological problems, the preparation of coal gangue glued stone was investigated. The glued stone products could be used for backfill material; In order to produce the coal gangue glued stone, we heated the coal gangue in the rotary kiln, and the flue gas waste heat could be recovered and used for thermal power generation, and the power is back to the circular eco-industrial park. The mining wastewater could be used for power generation, domestic water and production water after compound purification treatment. Associated effects and synergistic effects of the different industries that integrated and connected with each other could get the double wins between the economic development and the environmental protection.

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Filkoski, Risto, Ilija Petrovski, and Zlatko Gjurchinovski. "Energy optimisation of vertical shaft kiln operation in the process of dolomite calcination." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180125278f.

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The essential part of the refractory materials production on a basis of sintered dolomite as raw material is the process of dolomite calcination. The technology process usually takes place in shaft or rotary kilns, where the dolomite stone, CaMg(CO3)2, is subjected to a high temperature heat treatment. The calcination of the dolomite is highly endothermic reaction, requiring significant amount of thermal energy to produce sintered dolomite (CaO, MgO), generating a large flow of hot gases at the furnace outlet. The objective of this work was to assess the possibilities of utilization of waste heat of exhaust gases from a shaft kiln in order to improve the overall energy efficiency of the technology process. Several different options were analyzed: (a) preheating of a raw material, (b) preheating of heavy fuel oil, (c) preheating of combustion air, (d) preheating of combustion air and raw material with flue gas, and (e) preheating of air for combustion and for drying of a raw material. Option (e) was selected as the most attractive and therefore it was analyzed in more details, showing significant annual energy savings and relatively short simple payback period on the investment.

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Mutschler, Anna, Vivian Stock, Lena Ebert, Emma Björk, Kerstin Leopold, and Mika Lindén. "Mesoporous Silica-gold Films for Straightforward, Highly Reproducible Monitoring of Mercury Traces in Water." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010035.

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Trace-level detection of mercury in waters is connected with several complications including complex multistep analysis routines, applying additional, harmful reagents increasing the risk of contamination, and the need for expensive analysis equipment. Here, we present a straightforward reagent-free approach for mercury trace determination using a novel thin film sampling stick for passive sampling based on gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles supported on a silicon wafer and further covered with a thin layer of mesoporous silica. The mesoporous silica layer is acting as a protection layer preventing gold desorption upon exposure to water. The gold nanoparticles are created by thermal treatment of a homogenous gold layer on silicon wafer prepared by vacuum evaporation. This gold-covered substrate is subsequently covered by a layer of mesoporous silica through dip-coating. Dissolved mercury ions are extracted from a water sample, e.g., river water, by incorporation into the gold matrix in a diffusion-controlled manner. Thus, the amount of mercury accumulated during sampling depends on the mercury concentration of the water sample, the accumulation time, as well as the size of the substrate. Therefore, the experimental conditions can be chosen to fit any given mercury concentration level without loss of sensitivity. Determination of the mercury amount collected on the stick is performed after thermal desorption of mercury in the gas phase using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Furthermore, the substrates can be re-used several tens of times without any loss of performance, and the batch-to-batch variations are minimal. Therefore, the nanogold-mesoporous silica sampling substrates allow for highly sensitive, simple, and reagent-free determination of mercury trace concentrations in waters, which should also be applicable for on-site analysis. Successful validation of the method was shown by measurement of mercury concentration in the certified reference material ORMS-5, a river water.

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Sigal, O., and N. Pavliuk. "CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KYIV CITY, UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 3 (July 5, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2020.10.

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The aim of this paper is to determine upcoming trends for use of the energy potential of municipal solid waste in Kyiv city, Ukraine. The current state and development prospects of this area of waste management is considered. This article presents the approaches to the use of energy potential of municipal solid waste in Poland. It is demonstrated that the amount of Waste-to-Energy Plant in Poland has been growing dynamically after 2015. This approach is consistent with the goals set by the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine. An analysis of the energy potential of municipal solid waste in Kyiv showed that the energy efficiency of mixed solid waste incineration differs slightly from incineration of RDF combined with biogas. The main factors affecting the economic efficiency of thermal treatment of MSW are capital costs of the construction of plants with a high-quality system for flue-gas cleaning, operating costs of energy production and the cost of raw materials. Combined mixed waste incineration at Waste-to-Energy Plant entails only capital costs. The introduction of the technology of mechanical and biological treatment of MSW requires additional capital costs of the construction of MBT systems. Operating costs of the production of RDF and biogas increase fuel costs. It has been demonstrated that the most appropriate approach for burning of MSW in Kiev is the construction of a Waste-to-Energy Plant. The discrepancy between the amount of MSW produced in Kyiv city and the statistical population of the last is shown, which confirms that a significant number of unregistered residents live in the capital.

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Akele, Ephrem Sisay, and Mekonnen Maschal Tarekegn. "Assessment of Dioxin and Furan Emission Levels and Management Practices in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 15 (September 1, 2017): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.15.85.

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Introduction. An increase in population and related increased demand for health services, expansion of industries, and increasing transportation demands have increased the emission of dioxin and furan persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed to identify sources of dioxin and furan emissions, quantify their release into various environmental medias and assess related management practices. Methods. The standard United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) (2005) toolkit guide and default emission factor were used to identify the main anthropogenic sources and to quantify the amount of released dioxin and furan. Stratified random sampling techniques were applied to assess current management practices. Results. Nine main groups of dioxin and furan emission sources were identified. The emission of each source group was calculated by the activity rate data multiplied by an emission factor. The results found that about 138.85 g toxic equivalent(TEQ)/a(TEQ/year)of dioxin and furan were released to air, water, residue (materials remaining as sludge after sewage treatment or in the form of ash after incineration activity) and soil. Waste disposal activities recorded the largest release of dioxin and furan, accounting for 68.30 g TEQ/a of dioxin and furan to water and residue, 34.00 g TEQ/a to air and 0.64 g TEQ/a emitted into soil. Conclusions. Several sources of dioxin and furan emission were identified and the present study found that their management is inadequate. Waste disposal services are especially inadequate and generate higher amounts of dioxin and furan gasses. In addition, the organizations that are responsible for the release of dioxin and furan have no awareness of their release and inadequate management practices. The present study points to the need for reformulation of the national legal management framework, adoption of best available technology for disposal services such as incinerators with flue gas management, increasing public and stakeholders' awareness and participation and capacitating the responsible government organizations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no financial competing interests.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flue gas sampling thermal treatment'

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