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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluid- and Aerodynamics'
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1
Wang, Jianfeng, Hao Li, Yiqun Liu, Tao Liu, and Haibo Gao. "Aerodynamic research of a racing car based on wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815304011.
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Wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation are two main methods for the study of automotive aerodynamics. CFD simulation software solves the results in calculation by using the basic theory of aerodynamic. Calculation will inevitably lead to bias, and the wind tunnel test can effectively simulate the real driving condition, which is the most effective aerodynamics research method. This paper researches the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing of a racing car. Aerodynamic model of a racing car is established. Wind tunnel test is carried out and compared with the simulation results of computational fluid dynamics. The deviation of the two methods is small, and the accuracy of computational fluid dynamics simulation is verified. By means of CFD software simulation, the coefficients of six aerodynamic forces are fitted and the aerodynamic equations are obtained. Finally, the aerodynamic forces and torques of the racing car travel in bend are calculated.
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Hong, Sungchan, Takeshi Asai, and Byung Mook Weon. "Surface Patterns for Drag Modification in Volleyballs." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194007.
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Surface patterns on objects are important in aerodynamics. We show how surface patterns on volleyballs modify their aerodynamic performances. Conventional volleyballs with six panels show different aerodynamic characteristics along transverse and diagonal directions. Interestingly, isotropic surface patterning with hexagons or dimples enables us to achieve isotropic aerodynamics. This result gives insight into surface-mediated flight controls of projectiles through resisting fluid media.
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Deng, Yong Quan, Tian Li, Yi Sheng Zou, Ji Ye Zhang, and Wei Hua Zhang. "Equilibrium Characteristics of High-Speed Train in Crosswind." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.532.
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A fast approach to high-speed train co-simulation between aerodynamics and train-track coupling dynamics is presented. With this method, the fluid-structure dynamic performances of a high-speed train are simulated with different crosswind velocity and train velocity. The aerodynamic forces and train dynamics are compared under off-line simulation and equilibrium state method. Considering the fluid-structure interaction, there is significant influence on the head aerodynamics and train dynamics. The results show that it is necessary to consider changing attitude in crosswind
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Danehy, Paul M., Ross A. Burns, Daniel T. Reese, Jonathan E. Retter, and Sean P. Kearney. "FLEET Velocimetry for Aerodynamics." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 54, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 525–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-032321-025544.
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Long-lasting emission from femtosecond excitation of nitrogen-based flows shows promise as a useful mechanism for a molecular tagging velocimetry instrument. The technique, known as femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET), was invented at Princeton a decade ago and has quickly been adopted and used in a variety of high-speed ground test flow facilities. The short temporal scales offered by femtosecond amplifiers permit nonresonant multiphoton excitation, dissociation, and weak ionization of a gaseous medium near the beam's focus without the generation of a laser spark observed with nanosecond systems. Gated, intensified imaging of the resulting emission enables the tracking of tagged molecules, thereby measuring one to three components of velocity. Effects of local heating and acoustic disturbances can be mitigated with the selection of a shorter-wavelength excitation source. This review surveys the development of FLEET over the decade since its inception, as it has been implemented in several test facilities to make accurate, precise, and seedless velocimetry measurements for studying complex high-speed flows.
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Choi, Haecheon, Jungil Lee, and Hyungmin Park. "Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 46, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 441–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140616.
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Jo, Bruce W., and Tuba Majid. "Aerodynamic Analysis of Camber Morphing Airfoils in Transition via Computational Fluid Dynamics." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (April 22, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020052.
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In this paper, the authors analyze an important but overlooked area, the aerodynamics of the variable camber morphing wing in transition, where 6% camber changes from 2% to 8% using the two airfoil configurations: NACA2410 and NACA8410. Many morphing works focus on analyzing the aerodynamics of a particular airfoil geometry or already morphed case. The authors mainly address "transitional" or "in-between" aerodynamics to understand the semantics of morphing in-flight and explore the linearity in the relationship when the camber rate is gradually changed. In general, morphing technologies are considered a new paradigm for next-generation aircraft designs with highly agile flight and control and a multidisciplinary optimal design process that enables aircraft to perform substantially better than current ones. Morphing aircraft adjust wing shapes conformally, promoting an enlarged flight envelope, enhanced performance, and higher energy sustainability. Whereas the recent advancement in manufacturing and material processing, composite and Smart materials has enabled the implementation of morphing wings, designing a morphing wing aircraft is more challenging than modern aircraft in terms of reliable numerical modeling and aerodynamic analysis. Hence, it is interesting to investigate modeling the transitional aerodynamics of morphing airfoils using a numerical analysis such as computational fluid dynamics. The result shows that the SST k-ω model with transition/curvature correction computes a reasonably accurate value than an analytical solution. Additionally, the CL is less sensitive to transition near the leading edge in airfoils. Therefore, as the camber rate changes or gradually increases, the aerodynamic behavior correspondingly changes linearly.
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Metar, Manas. "Aerodynamic Analysis of Spoiler at Varying Speeds and Angles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38843.
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Abstract: Spoilers have been there in practice since years for the purpose of improving aerodynamics of a car. The pressure drag created at the end of the vehicle, referred to as wake region affects handling of the vehicle. This could be hazardous for the cars at high speeds. By adding a spoiler to the rear of the car reduces that pressure drag and the enhanced downforce helps in better traction. The paper presents aerodynamic analysis of a spoiler through Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis. The spoiler is designed using Onshape software and analyzed through SIMSCALE software. The simulation is carried out by changing angles of attack and velocities. The simulation results of downforce and drag are compared on the basis of analytical method. Keywords: Designing a spoiler, Design and analysis of spoiler, Aerodynamics of spoiler, Aerodynamic analysis of spoiler, Computational fluid dynamics, CFD analysis, CFD analysis of spoiler, Spoiler at variable angles, Types of spoilers, Analytical aerodynamic analysis.
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Xie, Meng, and Xiaoyan Liu. "The influence and application of nonlinear aerodynamics on static derivatives in transonic regime." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2512, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2512/1/012007.
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Abstract This paper details two static aeroelastic analysis methods applied to a passenger aircraft model with high aspect ratio wing. The influence of nonlinear aerodynamic force on static aeroelastic derivatives in the transonic regime is analysed. The traditional aerodynamic influence coefficient (AIC) matrix method can produce fast and reliable aerodynamic force and is widely used in aeroelastic analysis. However, the AIC matrix computed by linear aerodynamics will lead to some errors in transonic regime because of the nonlinear effect of aerodynamics. By generating the correction matrices, the AIC matrix is modified, and the accuracy of transonic static aeroelastic correction of aerodynamic data can be improved. The static derivatives are compared to the results of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) / computational structural (CSD) interaction method.
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Fakhruddin, Muhammad, Hangga Wicaksono, Fauzan Baananto, Hilmi Iman Firmansyah, Nurlia Pramita Sari, Mochamad Muzaki, Khelvindra Rizky Akbarsyah D, and Noveri Dwi Hardyanto. "OPTIMASI AERODINAMIKA BODI MOBIL HEMAT ENERGI KEN DEDES ELECTRIC EVO 3 MENGGUNAKAN METODE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)." Eksergi 17, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v17i1.2219.
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Aerodynamics is a branch of science that discusses the movement of an object in the air. Aerodynamics comes from the words aero = air and dynamics = force of motion. The study of air forces is a branch of fluid mechanics. This study is a continuation of the study of hydrodynamics, where the science of the motion of air has a close relationship with other sciences. Physics, mathematics, mechanics, meteorology and others are branches of science that are closely related to aerodynamics. Where in the science of aerodynamics, it discusses the principle of stationary air, specifically about the changes experienced by the air when there is a change in geometry. In this study, CFD analysis was carried out to inspect and optimize the airflow through the energy-efficient car body "Ken dedes Evo 3" Malang State Polytechnic to participate in energy-efficient car competitions by following the regulations and packaging requirements in energy-efficient car contests. The aerodynamic analysis of the energy-efficient car was carried out using the ANSYS simulation software. This aerodynamic research aims to reduce the drag coefficient and lift coefficient of energy-efficient cars. In the end, the energy-efficient car Ken Dedes Electric Evo 3 has an improved drag coefficient of 0.03 and a lift coefficient of 0.034. This is obtained from the simulation only on the car body.
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Barber, T. J., G. Doig, C. Beves, I. Watson, and S. Diasinos. "Synergistic integration of computational fluid dynamics and experimental fluid dynamics for ground effect aerodynamics studies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 226, no. 6 (June 2012): 602–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410011414321.
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This article highlights the ‘synergistic’ use of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), where the two sets of simulations are performed concurrently and by the same researcher. In particular, examples from the area of ground effect aerodynamics are discussed, where the major facility used was also designed through a combination of CFD and EFD. Three examples are than outlined, to demonstrate the insight that can be obtained from the integration of CFD and EFD studies. The case studies are the study of dimple flow (to enhance aerodynamic performance), the analysis of a Formula-style front wing and wheel, and the study of compressible flow ground effect aerodynamics. In many instances, CFD has been used to not only provide complementary information to an experimental study, but to design the experiments. Laser-based, non-intrusive experimental techniques were used to provide an excellent complement to CFD. The large datasets found from both experimental and numerical simulations have required a new methodology to correlate the information; a new post-processing method has been developed, making use of the kriging and co-kriging estimators, to develop correlations between the often disparate data types.
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Kamruzzaman, Md, Sushil Nepal, and Mushfiq Al Arafa. "Aerodynamic Analysis of Micro Aerial Vehicle Rotor Blade at Low Reynolds Number." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2021.10.2.2953.
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The numerical simulation of micro aerial vehicle (MAV) rotor blade aerodynamics is highly challenging in the field of rotor aerodynamics. The aim of this paper is to present a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study on the aerodynamics analysis of micro aerial vehicle rotor blade at low-Reynolds number by means of Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The KA152313 airfoil, which is dedicated to mid to small-scale rotorcraft, e.g. MAV is chosen to design the rotor blade. The rotor blade was investigated in three different pitch configurations, which are GP13º, GP12º and GP11º and the aerodynamics characteristics are analyzed respectively. The CFD results of the analysis is used to compare the aerodynamic characteristics, e.g. pressure force, shear force and pitching moment on the chord surface of the rotor blades at different pitch configurations.
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Bomphrey, Richard J., Toshiyuki Nakata, Per Henningsson, and Huai-Ti Lin. "Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1704 (September 26, 2016): 20150389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0389.
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This work is a synthesis of our current understanding of the mechanics, aerodynamics and visually mediated control of dragonfly and damselfly flight, with the addition of new experimental and computational data in several key areas. These are: the diversity of dragonfly wing morphologies, the aerodynamics of gliding flight, force generation in flapping flight, aerodynamic efficiency, comparative flight performance and pursuit strategies during predatory and territorial flights. New data are set in context by brief reviews covering anatomy at several scales, insect aerodynamics, neuromechanics and behaviour. We achieve a new perspective by means of a diverse range of techniques, including laser-line mapping of wing topographies, computational fluid dynamics simulations of finely detailed wing geometries, quantitative imaging using particle image velocimetry of on-wing and wake flow patterns, classical aerodynamic theory, photography in the field, infrared motion capture and multi-camera optical tracking of free flight trajectories in laboratory environments. Our comprehensive approach enables a novel synthesis of datasets and subfields that integrates many aspects of flight from the neurobiology of the compound eye, through the aeromechanical interface with the surrounding fluid, to flight performance under cruising and higher-energy behavioural modes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.
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Escobar-Ruiz, Alan G., Omar Lopez-Botello, Luis Reyes-Osorio, Patricia Zambrano-Robledo, Luis Amezquita-Brooks, and Octavio Garcia-Salazar. "Conceptual Design of an Unmanned Fixed-Wing Aerial Vehicle Based on Alternative Energy." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (November 14, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8104927.
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This paper focuses on the aerodynamics and design of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on solar cells as a main power source. The procedure includes three phases: the conceptual design, preliminary design, and a computational fluid dynamics analysis of the vehicle. One of the main disadvantages of an electric UAV is the flight time; in this sense, the challenge is to create an aerodynamic design that can increase the endurance of the UAV. In this research, the flight mission starts with the attempt of the vehicle design to get at the maximum altitude; then, the UAV starts to glide and battery charge recovery is achieved due to the solar cells. A conceptual design is used, and the aerodynamic analysis is focused on a UAV as a gliding vehicle, with the calculations starting with the estimation of weight and aerodynamics and finishing this stage with the best glide angle. In fact, the aerodynamic analysis is obtained for a preliminary design; this step involves the wing, fuselage, and empennage of the UAV. In order to achieve the preliminary design, an estimation of aerodynamic coefficients, along with computational fluid dynamics analysis, is performed.
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Nakashima, Takuji, Hidemi Mutsuda, Taiga Kanehira, and Makoto Tsubokura. "Fluid-Dynamic Force Measurement of Ahmed Model in Steady-State Cornering." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 6592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246592.
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The effects of on-road disturbances on the aerodynamic drag are attracting attention in order to accurately evaluate the fuel efficiency of an automobile on a road. The present study investigated the effects of cornering motion on automobile aerodynamics, especially focusing on the aerodynamic drag. Using a towing tank facility, measurements of the fluid-dynamic force acting on Ahmed models during steady-state cornering were conducted in water. The investigation included Ahmed models with slant angles θ = 25° and 35°, reproducing the wake structures of two different types of automobiles. The drag increase due to steady-state cornering motion was experimentally measured, and showed good agreement with previous numerical research, with the measurements conducted at a Reynolds number of 6 × 105, based on the model length. The Ahmed model with θ = 35° showed a greater drag increase due to the steady-state cornering motion than that with θ = 25°, and it reached 15% of the total drag at a corner with a radius that was 10 times the vehicle length. The results indicated that the effect of the cornering motion on the automobile aerodynamics would be more important, depending on the type of automobile and its wake characteristics.
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Shinde, Yash. "Dimples Effects on a Spoilers Aerodynamics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1851–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37674.
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Abstract: Over the evolution of automobiles, performance, mileage, and grip have dramatically improved. Nevertheless, there have been some improvements, but now the ideal design has been reached for design of engine, airflow & tires, & ergonomics. This means that even very small design improvements could result in high performance enhancements. As fuel is becoming more expensive, the need for improved aerodynamics is becoming more acute. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of golf-like dimples on the aerodynamic properties of a spoiler. As such, numerical calculations and computational fluid dynamics calculations were performed to investigate the impact on aerodynamics and turbulence spoilers with various surface roughness and angle of attack. Based on the recorded data, this test will provide the best information on the appropriate size for the dimple. The data collected on the test model will be used to calculate the drag coefficient, the downforce, and the wake produced at 56 m/s speed, at four different attack angles. Different sizes & depths of dimples will be used to improve the aerodynamics of spoilers, which will improve their downforce, drag force and wake formation. Keywords: spoiler, aerodynamics, dimples, downforce, aerodynamic forces
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Junaidin, Buyung. "AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV) BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) APROACH." Vortex 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v3i1.1161.
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The main purpose of aerodynamics analysis of a vehicle is optimizing it’s form to increase aerodynamics efficiency. More streamline of aerodynamic design of a vehicle not just effecting to lower fuel consumption which is cause by lower drag due to wind at highspeed, but also increasing stability dan control of the vehicle itself. The vehicles are existed with many variations of form so they have difference aerodynamic characteristics. For a personal vehicle like cars, have many variants such as sedan, sport utility vehicle (SUV), multipurposes utility vehicle (MPV), ect. It becomes a motivation to do research about aerodynamic analysis of a SUV car which is a car variant with huge utilize in Indonesia. In this research, aerodynamic characteristics of SUV car are evaluated by computational simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. CFD simulation yields aerodynamic characteristics data and flow behaviors around car model. Simulation results show that critical drag coefficient (CDcrit) of SUV car is 0.36 with lift coefficient is 0.25. the CDcrit of the car is lower than typical value for a modern car. So that, optimalization of SUV car form which analyzed is needed. Contours of pressure at car surfaces show that high pressure area are located at front of grill and windshield, and low-pressure area are located at nose and leading-trailing roof due to the form nose and leading-trailing roof are streamlines. At back surface of the car, low pressure area are formed by flow separation which creates wake.
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Qi, Xiaojing, Yuxin Ou, Hance Zhang, and Da Wang. "Efficiency Enhancement Design Approach in the Side Wing of a FSAE Car Utilizing a Shutter-Like Fairing Structure." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 6552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136552.
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Aerodynamical design is one of the critical technologies in race car engineering, and favorable race car aerodynamics is supposed to provide sufficient negative lift force and keep the center of pressure in the vicinity of center of mass. Taking the Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) cars as an example, side wing structure is frequently adopted for better grip in the mid-back of short wheelbase, open wheel race cars. This research designs a shutter-like fairing structure and utilizes it to weaken the vorticity and reinforce the pressure of side wing flow field. The sensitivity of side wing aerodynamic efficiency to shutters’ key parameters is analyzed, and optimized shutters’ key parameters for a prototype FSAE race car are obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results indicate that over 10% enhancement in side wing aerodynamic efficiency can be achieved by applying optimized shutters.
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Dowell, Earl H. "Unsteady Transonic Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity." Applied Mechanics Reviews 41, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3151909.
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In recent years substantial progress has been made in the development of an improved understanding of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in the transonic flow regime. This flow regime is often the most critical for aeroelastic phenomena; yet it has proven the most difficult to master in terms of basic understanding of physical phenomena and the development of predictive mathematical models. The difficulty is primarily a result of the nonlinearities which may be important in transonic flow. Emerging mathematical models have relied principally on finite difference solutions to the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of fluid mechanics. Here are addressed fundamental questions of current interest which will provide the reader with a basis for understanding the recent and current literature in the field. Four principal questions are discussed: (1) Under what conditions are the aerodynamic forces essentially linear functions of the airfoil motion? (2) Are there viable alternative methods to finite difference procedures for solving the relevant fluid dynamical equations? (3) Under conditions when the aerodynamic forces are nonlinear functions of the airfoil motion, what is the significance of the multiple (nonunique) solutions which are sometimes observed? (4) What are effective, efficient computational procedures for using unsteady transonic aerodynamic computer codes in aeroelastic (e.g., flutter) analyses?
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Robin, Pierre, Alban Leroyer, David de Prémorel, and Jeroen Wackers. "Tackling Modern Sailing Challenges with a CFD-based Dynamic VPP." Journal of Sailing Technology 9, no. 01 (January 4, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jst/2024.9.1.1.
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A dynamic Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) integrated in a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code is described. Aerodynamic forces are obtained either through empirical coefficients or interpolated from aerodynamics matrices. These aerodynamic forces are then input to the hydrodynamics CFD solver, which solves both the flow and the motions of the boat, resulting in a closely coupled VPP. For a given True Wind Angle and True Wind Speed a sail power parameter is optimised to obtain the best possible boat speed within heel angle constraints. This approach allows naval architects to swiftly and precisely compare several yacht designs in real sailing configurations using only a few CFD computations. Several advanced features recently added to this program are covered in this paper including convergence criteria, automatic grid refinement, foil fluid-structure interaction, multiple aerodynamics models and rudder control. Results obtained from our CFD VPP on a 40-feet fast-cruising yacht demonstrates promising agreement with other existing VPP polars, affirming the accuracy and reliability of our approach. The CFD VPP presented was also successfully applied to an IMOCA, a 60-feet racing yacht.
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Yik Pey Tang. "Effects of Race Car's Speed on the Aerodynamic Aspect Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis." Advanced and Sustainable Technologies (ASET) 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/aset.v3i1.797.
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This research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods to investigate the intricate relationship between race car speed and external aerodynamics during high-performance racing competitions. The primary objectives encompass the application of CFD in pre-processing and analyzing external aerodynamic aspects, coupled with a comprehensive examination of the external flow around a race car for a nuanced understanding of its aerodynamic performance. Various car speeds were considered with the RANS (k-ω SST) turbulent model. The results unveiled a direct correlation between inlet velocity and the maximum velocity attained by the race car. The aerodynamic design intricately directs the airflow, leading to higher velocities predominantly along the upper part of the car body. Noteworthy is the revelation that the highest recorded maximum velocity of 231.06 m/s coincides with a peak inlet velocity of 200 m/s, suggesting a consistent increase in maximum velocity with rising inlet velocity. This research emphasizes the pivotal role of inlet velocity in achieving peak car speed performance. It sheds light on the significance of turbulent model selection in capturing the complexities of external flow dynamics. This knowledge contributes to optimizing the external aerodynamics of race car body design, ultimately enhancing performance and competitiveness in the dynamic world of Formula 1 racing.
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Haase, Werner. "Unsteady aerodynamics including fluid/structure interaction." Air & Space Europe 3, no. 3-4 (May 2001): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0958(01)90063-2.
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Duan, Qing Song, Cun Ming Ma, and Bin Xie. "Research on Aerodynamic Impacts of Snow on Bridge Decks." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.68.
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With the development of economy and technology, many long span bridges have been constructed. However, oversize thickness and long duration of snow on these long span bridges might lead to security issues. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT is employed to simulate the snow effect on the bridges. According to the two-phase fluid theory, the relationship between air phase and snow phase is one-way coupling. The corresponding changes of snow load on the bridge deck under the action of strong winds are studied in this paper and the comparative analysis about aerodynamic impacts before and after the snow are conducted as well. According to the results, the snow has notable influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of bridge decks. Keywords: computational fluid dynamics; two-phase fluid theory; snow load; aerodynamics;
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Vaidhye, Rahul. "Blade Design and Performance Analysis of Wind Turbine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44217.
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Abstract: This paper reviews the design optimization of wind turbine blades through investigating the design methods and analyzing the performance of the blades. The current research work in this area include wind turbine blade geometric design and optimization, aerodynamics analysis, wind turbine blade structural design and dynamics analysis. Blade geometric design addresses the design parameters, including airfoils and their aerodynamic coefficients, attack angles, design tip speed ratio, design and/or rated wind speed, rotor diameter, blade aerodynamic shape with chord length and twist distributions, so that the blade achieves an optimum powerperformance. The geometry of the blade is an aerodynamic shape with nonlinear chord and twist distribution, which can be obtained based on the BEM theory with respect to given aerofoil with known aerodynamic coefficients. In terms of blade aerodynamics analysis, there are four types of aerodynamic models which can be used to predict the aerodynamic performance of blades, including blade element momentum (BEM) model, lifting panel and vortex model, actuator line model, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Among the four, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been used to calculate the aerodynamic effect on the bladeairfoil. Critical Reynolds number and constant wind speed has been considered during analysis under different turbulence models Viz, spallart-almaras, k-epsilon, invicid flow. During investigation it is observed that only k- epsilon showed efficient results than others and 14 degree angle of attack (AOA) is the optimum value at which there is much lift coefficient and minimum drag
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Zhang, Zhe, Ying Chao Zhang, and Jie Li. "Vehicles Aerodynamics while Crossing each other on Road Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1344.
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When vehicles run on road, they will be overtaken, cross by other vehicles or be impacted by crosswind. The other events of overtaking and in crosswind were investigated more deeply. A few of paper report the state of the research on this problem. Until now there are no any wind tunnel and road tests to study on road vehicle aerodynamics while crossing each other. Some numerical simulations were carried out by adopting technology of sliding interface and moving mesh. The method of numerical simulations was narrated in detail. The transient process of vehicles crossing each other was realized. Then the trends of aerodynamic coefficients changing were obtained from the flow field of simulation results. The quantificational changing of vehicles aerodynamic coefficients was obtained when they cross each other. The vehicles are sedan and coach. The simulation results indicated that the all aerodynamic coefficients of two vehicles changed large. The aerodynamic force was important to the vehicles’ handling stability when they cross each other.
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Tao, Meiying. "Kinetic Equation Study on Momentum Conservation of Aerodynamics Incompressible Fluid of High-Altitude Aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2599, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2599/1/012015.
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Abstract This paper introduces an integrated aerodynamic design method for aircraft based on numerical solution of hydrodynamics and electromagnetics equations. By using Pro/Engineer, ANSA, Fluent and MATLAB, the geometric shape, unstructured fluid mesh, hydrodynamic parameters and unpowered flight trajectory data of an aircraft were processed and calculated. In this paper, N-S equations are studied, and a test scheme for a hydrodynamic material aerodynamic model is established. Then, relevant parameters of the aircraft are tested and studied. The feasibility of this method for unsteady aerodynamics analysis of aircraft is verified.
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Cicolani, L. S., J. G. A. da Silva, E. P. N. Duque, and M. B. Tischler. "Unsteady aerodynamic model of a cargo container for slung-load simulation." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1085 (July 2004): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000005170.
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Abstract The problem of simulation models capable of predicting the aerodynamic instability of helicopter slung-load cargo containers and bluff bodies is addressed. Instability for these loads is known to depend on unsteady frequency-dependent aerodynamics, but simulation models that include the unsteady aerodynamics do not currently exist. This paper presents a method for generating such models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to generate forced-oscillation aerodynamic data and frequency domain system identification techniques to generate a frequency response from the CFD data and to identify a transfer function fit to the frequency response. The method is independent of the responsible flow phenomenon and is expected to apply to bluff-bodies generally. Preliminary results are presented for the case of the 6- by 6- by 8-ft CONEX (container express) cargo container. The present work is based on two-dimensional (2D) aerodynamic data for the CONEX side force and yaw moment generated by a forced oscillation in which frequency is varied smoothly over the range of interest. A first-order rational polynomial transfer function is found adequate to fit the aerodynamics, and this is shown to provide a good match with flight test data for the yawing motion of the CONEX.
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Wang, Xu, Yuanhao Qian, Zengshun Chen, Xiao Zhou, Huaqiang Li, and Hailin Huang. "Numerical studies on aerodynamics of high-speed railway train subjected to strong crosswind." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019887270.
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Under the action of strong crosswind, the aerodynamic behavior of a rail vehicle at high speed will be changed significantly, which could directly affect the safe operation of the vehicle. With the help of the shape of train used in China, the aerodynamic characteristics of trains with scale of 1:1 is investigated using computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method, which consists of the variation of aerodynamics force and moment with wind yaw angle, wind speed, train speed, and nose shape. After an initial validation against Baker’s results from wind tunnel test, the numerical model is then used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the trains. The numerical results indicate that lift coefficient of the M train is slightly higher than TMC1 and TMC2 trains. Regardless of aerodynamics force coefficients, TMC1 reaches the maximum at a yaw angle of 75°. Aerodynamics force coefficient increases with both wind speed and train speed, but the change of which is not linear. Comparing aerodynamic force with different geometric dimensions of train nose, it is shown that height–width ratio is insensitive to side force and rolling moment, but sensitive to lift force from the yaw angle 0°–90°. The side force coefficient, as we most concern, is less than other results, when the length–width ratio is 1 and height–width is 0.87.
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Gundy-Burlet, K. L., M. M. Rai, R. C. Stauter, and R. P. Dring. "Temporally and Spatially Resolved Flow in a Two-Stage Axial Compressor: Part 2—Computational Assessment." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929090.
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Fluid dynamics of turbomachines are complicated because of aerodynamic interactions between rotors and stators. It is necessary to understand the aerodynamics associated with these interactions in order to design turbomachines that are both light and compact as well as reliable and efficient. The current study uses an unsteady, thin-layer Navier–Stokes zonal approach to investigate the unsteady aerodynamics of a multistage compressor. Relative motion between rotors and stators is made possible by the use of systems of patched and overlaid grids. Results have been computed for a 2 1/2-stage compressor configuration. The numerical data compare well with experimental data for surface pressures and wakes. In addition, the effect of grid refinement on the solution is studied.
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Xiang, Jinwu, Kai Liu, Daochun Li, Chunxiao Cheng, and Enlai Sha. "Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a morphing wing." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2017-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics in the deflection process of a morphing wing with flexible trailing edge, which is based on time-accurate solutions. The dynamic effect of deflection process on the aerodynamics of morphing wing was studied. Design/methodology/approach The computational fluid dynamic method and dynamic mesh combined with user-defined functions were used to simulate the continuous morphing of the flexible trailing edge. The steady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing deflection and the conventional deflection were studied first. Then, the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing were investigated as the trailing edge deflects at different rates. Findings The numerical results show that the transient lift coefficient in the deflection process is higher than that of the static case one in large angle of attack. The larger the deflection frequency is, the higher the transient lift coefficient will become. However, the situations are contrary in a small angle of attack. The periodic morphing of the trailing edge with small amplitude and high frequency can increase the lift coefficient after the stall angle. Practical implications The investigation can afford accurate aerodynamic information for the design of aircraft with the morphing wing technology, which has significant advantages in aerodynamic efficiency and control performance. Originality/value The dynamic effects of the deflection process of the morphing trailing edge on aerodynamics were studied. Furthermore, time-accurate solutions can fully explore the unsteady aerodynamics and pressure distribution of the morphing wing.
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SEENI, Aravind. "A theory on understanding aerodynamic phenomena of airfoils and the significance of airfoil’s thickness on lift and drag." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.3.9.
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This paper proposes a new theory explaining aerodynamic phenomena of airfoils. The theory is based on the application of Newton’s classical mechanics rather than differential equations of fluid dynamics. The approach in developing the equations contains both geometrical and fluid dynamics perspectives of motion of body in a fluid. Based on the theory, it is shown that new airfoil designs could be generated through the application of “contraction” and subsequent “expansion” in the geometry for lift generation. The effect of thickness of airfoil is important in the context of lift and drag and further investigation on its effect on airfoil aerodynamics is conducted. The obtained results are reported and discussed.
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Kumar Sinha, Anjani, Eriki Ananda Kumar, and A. Johnrajan. "Flutter Analysis of an Aircraft Wing Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.817.
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In today’s aviation world, the design of aircraft wing becomes a challenging one for aeronautical engineers, in order to meet the aero elastic phenomenon such as flutter, wing divergence in both aerodynamics and structural aspects. There are so many FEM packages available for both flow and structural analysis such as ANSYS, NASTRAN, ALGOR, NISA, ADINA, COSMOS, etc. The paper presents the application of computational aero-elasticity (CA) methods to analyze the wing in both aerodynamic and structural aspects, using ANSYS-FLOTRAN; 2-D typical aerofoil sections were analyzed and validated with experimental results. Also the vibration behavior of wing section is analyzed under MODAL, HARMONIC, TRANSIENT and SPECTRUM analysis under the aerodynamic lift force and moments. The support reaction forces and moments at the fuselage-wing intersection are developed in this research.
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Aditya, Vikra, Alchalil Alchalil, Asnawi Asnawi, and Abdul Rahman. "ANALISA INDIKATOR KINERJA TEROWONGAN ANGIN RANGKAIAN TERBUKA (OPEN CIRCUIT WIND TUNNEL) TIPE SUBSONIC." Malikussaleh Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mjmst.v7i2.13658.
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Fluid is a substance that can change its shape continuously due to the acting tangential shear force. Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics that studies specifically the forces acting on an object contained in a fluid flow. Wind Tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamics research to study airflow characteristics. Wind tunnel performance indicators include flow uniformity, flow and pressure distribution, aerodynamic forces acting on test objects in the wind tunnel. By using unsymmetrical airfoils, the impact of speed variations of 2 m/s, 4 m/s, 6 m/s, 8 m/s, 10 m/s and increasing angles of attack ranging from 0°, 5°, 10° on fluid flow can be determined. Tests were conducted in a section of the wind tunnel measuring 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 cm. Overall, the open-type wind tunnel has not been able to create uniform flow. The Reynolds number is at Re>4,000, so the wind tunnel under study is turbulent. The results of the speed variation and angle of attack increase also have an impact on the lift and drag coefficient values of the airfoil. At the maximum speed variation of 10 m/s with an angle of attack of 10°, the lift coefficient is 0.14350 and the drag coefficient is 0.15162.
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Guerrero, Alex, and Robert Castilla. "Aerodynamic Study of the Wake Effects on a Formula 1 Car." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195183.
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The high complexity of current Formula One aerodynamics has raised the question of whether an urgent modification in the existing aerodynamic package is required. The present study is based on the evaluation and quantification of the aerodynamic performance on a 2017 spec. adapted Formula 1 car (the latest major aerodynamic update) by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis in order to argue whether the 2022 changes in the regulations are justified in terms of aerodynamic necessities. Both free stream and flow disturbance (wake effects) conditions are evaluated in order to study and quantify the effects that the wake may cause on the latter case. The problem is solved by performing different CFD simulations using the OpenFoam solver. The significance and originality of the research may dictate the guidelines towards an overall improvement of the category and it may set a precedent on how to model racing car aerodynamics. The studied behaviour suggests that modern F1 cars are designed and well optimised to run under free stream flows, but they experience drastic aerodynamic losses (ranging from −23% to 62% in downforce coefficients) when running under wake flows. Although the overall aerodynamic loads are reduced, there is a fuel efficiency improvement as the power that is required to overcome the drag is smaller. The modern performance of Ground Effect by means of vortices management represent a very unique and complex way of modelling modern aerodynamics, but at the same time notably compromises the performance of the cars when an overtaking maneuver is intended.
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Duncan, Bradley, Luca D’Alessio, Joaquin Gargoloff, and Ales Alajbegovic. "Vehicle aerodynamics impact of on-road turbulence." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 9 (April 10, 2017): 1148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017699710.
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The ultimate target for vehicle aerodynamicists is to develop vehicles that perform well on the road in real-world conditions. On the other hand, vehicle development today is performed mostly in controlled settings, using wind tunnels and computational fluid dynamics with artificially uniform freestream conditions and neglecting real-world effects due to road turbulence from the wind and other vehicles. Turbulence on the road creates a non-uniform and fluctuating flow field in which the length scales of the fluctuations fully encompass the length scales of the relevant aerodynamic flow structures around the vehicle. These fluctuations can be comparable in size and strength with the vehicle’s own wake oscillations. As a result, this flow environment can have a significant impact on the aerodynamic forces and on the sensitivity of these forces to various shape changes. Some aerodynamic devices and integral design features can perform quite differently from the way in which they do under uniform freestream conditions. In this paper, unsteady aerodynamics simulations are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method on a detailed representative automobile model with several design variants, in order to explore the effect of on-road turbulence on the aerodynamics and the various mechanisms that contribute to these effects.
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Chattot,, J.-J., and Shi Tsan Wu,. "Computational Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction." Applied Mechanics Reviews 56, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): B34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1566391.
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Koren, Barry. "Computational Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0997-7546(03)00004-9.
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Bourdin, P., and John D. Wilson. "Windbreak Aerodynamics: Is Computational Fluid Dynamics Reliable?" Boundary-Layer Meteorology 126, no. 2 (October 3, 2007): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-007-9229-y.
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R. I., Rubel, Uddin, Islam, and Rokunuzzaman. "COMPARISON OF AERODYNAMICS CHARACTERISTICS OF NACA 0015 & NACA 4415 AEROFOIL BLADE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2346.
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NACA 0015 and NACA 4415 aerofoil are most common four digits and broadly used aerodynamic shape. Both of the shapes are extensively used for various kind of applications including turbine blade, aircraft wing and so on. NACA 0015 is symmetrical and NACA 4415 is unsymmetrical in shape. Consequently, they have big one-of-a-kind in aerodynamic traits at the side of widespread differences of their utility and performance. Both of them undergo the same fluid principle while applied in any fluid medium giving dissimilar outcomes in aerodynamics behavior. On this work, experimental and numerical investigation of each NACA 0015 and NACA 4415 is done to decide their performance. For this purpose, aerofoil section is tested for a prevalence range attack of angle (AOA). The study addresses the performance of NACA 0015 and NACA 4415 and evaluates the dynamics of flow separation, lift, drag, pressure and velocity contour and so on.
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Bukowski, A., P. Twigg, G. Walker, and S. Sigurnjak. "Shaping the Future of Road Haulage Trailer Design." Measurement and Control 44, no. 10 (December 2011): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401104401004.
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Aerodynamics is a subject that serves a wide range of industries and contains many different specialist areas in which to find expertise. Primarily concerned with the analysis of fluid flow, there are numerous applications: Aerospace and automobile manufacturers are the typical associations with aerodynamics, but there is increasing interest in the subject from industries and manufacturers that now have an incentive to pursue aerodynamic designs in the interest of fuel-efficiency. Freight and Commercial vehicles are one such industry. The Cartwright Group are a trailer bodybuilder manufacturing company based in Manchester; with ever increasing fuel-prices, they witnessed an increasing requirement for trailer designs that are more aerodynamically efficient in order to reduce the high fuel consumption faced by the end-user of heavy goods vehicle (HGV) trailers. An approach to aerodynamic design that produces quantifiable results is required, while also being accessible to laymen and presentable to potential end-users before any order to purchase decisions are made. This paper discusses an approach taken that combines traditional aerodynamic development, with visualisation and experimental simulation methods to meet these requirements.
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Zhang, Ying Chao, Zhe Zhang, Shuang Hu Luo, and Jian Hua Tian. "Aerodynamic Numerical Simulation in the Process of Car Styling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.862.
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With the development of automotive industry of China, more and more new cars are brought out. Then more and more stylists and engineers will take part in car styling to design new car. In the process of car styling, Car aerodynamics is important to its performance. Especially for more excellent handling and stability performance, more aerodynamic analysis and optimization should been done. At first it was introduced that the process of car styling in this paper. The functions of aerodynamics in the process were indicated. Secondly some ways of aerodynamic analysis were put forward. The first one is wind tunnel test and the second one called virtual wind tunnel test. The virtual wind tunnel test is one of the best modern ways of aerodynamic design which apply in the fields of aerodynamic research widely. It was based on computational fluid dynamics. The details of the virtual wind tunnel test simulation were narrated in this paper. Applying the virtual wind tunnel test aerodynamic drag coefficient, velocity contour and pressure distribution were got. Some advices to reduce aerodynamic drag of the design car were put forward. In one word, it is one simple, effective, convenient and fast way for aerodynamic design in car styling process using virtual wind tunnel test.
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KOROBENKO, A., M. C. HSU, I. AKKERMAN, J. TIPPMANN, and Y. BAZILEVS. "STRUCTURAL MECHANICS MODELING AND FSI SIMULATION OF WIND TURBINES." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 23, no. 02 (January 8, 2013): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202513400034.
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A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) validation study of the Micon 65/13M wind turbine with Sandia CX-100 composite blades is presented. A rotation-free isogeometric shell formulation is used to model the blade structure, while the aerodynamics formulation makes use of the FEM-based ALE-VMS method. The structural mechanics formulation is validated by means of eigenfrequency analysis of the CX-100 blade. For the coupling between the fluid and structural mechanics domains, a nonmatching discretization approach is adopted. The simulations are done at realistic wind conditions and rotor speeds. The rotor-tower interaction that influences the aerodynamic torque is captured. The computed aerodynamic torque generated by the Micon 65/13M wind turbine compares well with that obtained from on-land experimental tests.
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Zhang, Lin, Xiong Li, Xin Wang, Long Chen, and Tianyu Zhao. "Performance and Biomechanics in the Flight Period of Ski Jumping: Influence of Ski Attitude." Biology 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2022): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050671.
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The performance of ski jumping is underpinned by multi-disciplinary principles, in which the aerodynamics of the ski dominates the flying distance and affects the biomechanics of the athletes’ ankle during the flight period. Conventional research on this topic was supported by wind tunnel experiments. Here, the aerodynamics of a full-scale ski jumping ski was calculated via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and good agreement with experimental data was achieved. The impacts of the angle of attack, yaw angle, and roll angle on the aerodynamic performance are explained. The inclusion of yaw angle can enhance the lift generation, which originates from the formation of a tilted multi-vortex system and the induced low-pressure footprints on the upper surface of the ski. Our results thus establish a database for the aerodynamic forces and moments of the ski and the associations between our findings and the skills in ankle control are discussed.
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Zhang, Zhihao. "Study on aerodynamic development in Formula One racing." Theoretical and Natural Science 14, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/14/20240875.
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Formula One (F1) represents the pinnacle of automotive engineering. Aerodynamics is a critical factor that determines the performance of these high-speed racing machines. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution and advancements in aerodynamic design and technology in Formula One over the years. Starting from the rudimentary designs of the 1950s, this paper traces the progression to the highly sophisticated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and wind tunnel tests that dominate the sport today. Innovations like ground effects, diffusers, DRS (Drag Reduction System), and vortex generators are examined to elucidate how they contribute to increasing downforce, reducing drag, and thereby enhancing performance. This paper touches upon the future prospects of aerodynamic research in Formula One, including sustainability considerations and potential areas for innovation. Through a synthesis of historical trends, technical breakthroughs, and empirical data, this paper may provide a holistic understanding of aerodynamics in the context of Formula One racing.
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Fu, Cheng, Xinglong Gao, Yunqiang Sun, Jie Kou, Dachuan Xu, and Jingxiang Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Fluid Parameters for Maglev Flight Wind Tunnel Design." Aerospace 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010034.
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The maglev flight tunnel is a novel conceptual aerodynamics test facility, in which the complicated aerodynamic characteristics caused by the high-speed translation of a moving model in a long, straight, closed tunnel, and wave propagation and aero-structure single-way coupling problems can be investigated. The unsteady characteristics originating from a high-speed model in the maglev flight tunnel were investigated and evaluated with regard to aero–structure coupling. The new conservation element and solution element method was used to solve the 3-D compressible fluid surrounding a moving model in a tunnel, and the variations in the aerodynamic parameters, wave propagation characteristics, and pressure distribution in the tunnel were obtained. The results provide support for key technical problems, such as a wave-absorbing construction design of the maglev flight wind tunnel.
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Kumar, Gaurav, Chanfiou Ahmed Mboreha, and Yahya Al-fakih. "Numerical simulations on the aerodynamics of the Ahmed body at different slant angles." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Applications 6, no. 03 (July 31, 2020): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46593/ijaera.2020.v06i03.002.
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In this research, the aerodynamic behavior of Ahmed’s body with slant angles of 0°, 30° and 60° is studied using ANSYS FLUENT CFD code. The flow conditions for all cases were same while the rear slant angle is varied for Ahmed’s body. The aerodynamic parameters; lift coefficient and drag coefficient were focused mainly to analyze the flow behavior, it tells the aerodynamics efficiency. The time dependent transient simulation is run to study the behavior of fluid flow. As the Reynold’s number lied 5x105in turbulent regime so to accurately capture the turbulent effects, k-epsilon two equation model with
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V. Hemanth, K. S. Kushal, and S. S. Varun. "Aerodynamic Study on Low Reynolds Number Aerofoil." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v4i1.104.
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Low Reynolds number refers to a specific range of values of the dimensionless parameter known as the Reynolds number (Re) in fluid dynamics. The Reynolds number is a critical factor used to characterize and predict fluid flow behaviour around objects or within fluid systems. Low Reynolds numbers (typically Re < 2000), laminar flow prevails, where fluid particles move in smooth, orderly layers with minimal mixing or turbulence. Low Reynolds number aerodynamics is a focal point of interest, especially for micro air vehicles (MAVs), drones, and small-scale aircraft. Understanding the nuanced aerodynamic performance of aerofoils and wings in this regime is pivotal for designing efficient and controllable flight systems, ushe ring in innovations in the field of aviation. The unique characteristics of low Reynolds number flow to advance technology, science, and our understanding of fluid dynamics.
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Zhang, Yuxiang, Philip Cardiff, Fergal Cahill, and Jennifer Keenahan. "Assessing the Capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in Replicating Wind Tunnel Test Results for the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge." CivilEng 2, no. 4 (December 19, 2021): 1065–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2040057.
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Despite its wide acceptance in various industries, CFD is considered a secondary option to wind tunnel tests in bridge engineering due to a lack of confidence. To increase confidence and to advance the quality of simulations in bridge aerodynamic studies, this study performed three-dimensional RANS simulations and DESs to assess the bridge deck aerodynamics of the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge and demonstrated detailed procedures of the verification and validation of the applied CFD model. The CFD simulations were developed in OpenFOAM, the results of which are compared to prior wind tunnel test results, where general agreements were achieved though differences were also found and analyzed. The CFD model was also applied to study the effect of fascia beams and handrails on the bridge deck aerodynamics, which were neglected in most research to-date. These secondary structures were found to increase drag coefficients and reduce lift and moment coefficients by up to 32%, 94.3%, and 52.2%, respectively, which emphasized the necessity of including these structures in evaluations of the aerodynamic performance of bridges in service. Details of the verification and validation in this study illustrate that CFD simulations can determine close results compared to wind tunnel tests.
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Zhang, Boxiang. "A study on aerodynamics of Ultra-efficient cars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2634, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2634/1/012010.
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Abstract Ultra-efficient cars (i.e. Formula One racing cars) are loaded with many different aerodynamic components. They interact to produce highly nonlinear flows, which have a very complex effect on the airflow around the racing car. Clearing up fluid phenomena makes it possible to optimize aerodynamic components effectively. This paper reviews the aerodynamic performance of currently used shapes, as well as the definition of the design constraints for the vehicle. The designs are inspired by formula one cars, especially by Honda F1 Team, but they are adjusted according to the limit conditions of CFD simulation software Ansys CFX, and parameters are scaled accordingly based on the space requirements of this test. A level of velocity at 40 km/h is tested, giving ideas of the full model performance. Results are then compared and discussed to obtain a comprehensive and valid conclusion about the potential improvement in the aerodynamics of road cars, which can be extracted from those ultra-efficient ones.
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RODRIGUEZ, Felipe, Jaime E. ORDUY, and Jorge E. ESPINDOLA. "A route to learning supersonic aerodynamics in atmospheric flights for engineering students based on a revision of Bloom’s taxonomy." Espacios 41, no. 48 (December 17, 2020): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a20v41n48p05.
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According to Deloitte, the global aerospace industry in 2018 experienced a solid year with the demand of passengers and the strengthening of global military spending that continues to increase. Furthermore, it is expected to continue its growth trajectory in 2019 and the following years, led by the growing production of commercial aircraft and strong defense spending. The growth of aircraft production requires the designs to be supported by the knowledge and experience of qualified personnel. In the case of aerodynamic performance, it is evaluated according to the speed range considering incompressible or compressible flow for subsonic and supersonic speeds, respectively. Based on a revision of Bloom´s taxonomy this article proposes a route to learning supersonic aerodynamics for engineering students, considering and discussing the basic literature and technology used in this area of knowledge. The present work is divided into seven parts, beginning with the introduction which includes the main Fundamental concepts of the supersonic systems. The second part deals with Supersonic Aerodynamics Theory, relevant in this learning route; subsequently, the third and fourth part display a brief description of the Experimental supersonic aerodynamics and Computational Fluid Dynamics - CFD is made. Finally, is approached the Bloom´s taxonomy and a revision and is proposed a route to learn supersonic aerodynamics designed for engineering students.
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Wiński, Krzysztof, and Adam Piechna. "Comprehensive CFD Aerodynamic Simulation of a Sport Motorcycle." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 5920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165920.
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Nowadays, aerodynamics is a key focal point in the vehicle design process. Beyond its direct impact on the performance of a vehicle, it also has significant effects on economics and safety. In the last decade numerical methods, mainly Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), have established themselves as a reliable tool that assists in the design process and complements classical tunnel tests. However, questions remain about the possible obtained accuracy, best practices and applied turbulence models. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of motorcycle aerodynamics using CFD methods which, compared to the most common car aerodynamics analysis, has many specific features. The motorcycle, along with its rider, constitutes a shape with very complex aerodynamic properties. A detailed insight into the flow features is presented with detailed commentary. The front fairing, the front wheel and its suspension were identified as the main contributors to the aerodynamic drag of the motorcycle and its rider. The influence of rider position was also studied and identified as one of the most important elements when considering motorcycle aerodynamics. An extensive turbulence models study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the most common Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models and novel hybrid models, such as the Scale Adaptive Simulation and the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation. Similar values of drag coefficients were obtained for different turbulence models with noticeable differences found for k−ϵ models. It was also observed that near-wall treatment affects the flow behaviour near the wheels and windshield but has no impact on the global aerodynamic parameters. In the summary, a discussion about the obtained results was set forth and a number of questions related to specifics of motorcycle CFD simulations were addressed.