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1

Shiao, Shyang-Yun Pamela. "Fluid and Electrolyte Problems of Infants of Very Low Birth Weight." AACN Advanced Critical Care 3, no. 3 (1992): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1992-3017.

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Advances in providing care for infants of very low birth weight have improved their survival status. Because the fundamental problem for these infants is physical immaturity, the balance of fluids and electrolytes is a complex phenomenon to assess and manage. In managing the major problems of fluid and electrolyte balance for these infants, the controversy of fluid restriction versus fluid replenishment has persisted to the present. Thus, the challenge of managing fluid and electrolyte therapy remains to be conquered in the next decade, providing chances for nurses’ to expand their role in neo
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2

Sangole, Dr. Priya A., and Mr. Nitin M. Ghatbandhe. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance for Optimum Sports Performance." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 25(C) (2025): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15321587.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Electrolytes that maintain the body&rsquo;s fluid balance and help to regulate the amount of water in different compartments of the body. Fluid and electrolytes are consumed by athletes, or recommended to athletes for a number of reasons before, during and after exercise. Sugarcane juices as good source for electrolyte supplementation. In this paper we study fluid and electrolytes for optimum sports performance of athletes and we discuss the water and electrolyte intake capacity of athletes, pre-event hydration, during event hydration and fluid replacement guidelines
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3

Neligan, Patrick J. "Fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2021.01.011.

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4

Reckling, JoAnn B. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 6, no. 6 (1987): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-198711000-00020.

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5

McLafferty, Ella, Carolyn Johnstone, Charles Hendry, and Alistair Farley. "Fluid and electrolyte balance." Nursing Standard 28, no. 29 (2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2014.03.28.29.42.e5531.

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6

Rassam, Sahir S., and David J. Counsell. "Perioperative electrolyte and fluid balance." Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain 5, no. 5 (2005): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mki042.

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7

Essa, Ahmed, and Ross Macnab. "Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 22, no. 7 (2021): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2021.05.013.

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8

Borst, J. G. G. "DISTURBANCES OP FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE." Acta Medica Scandinavica 146, no. 1 (2009): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1953.tb10198.x.

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9

Shearer, E. S., and J. M. Hunter. "Peri-operative fluid and electrolyte balance." Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 3, no. 2 (1992): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7112(05)80124-3.

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10

Louden, Jonathan D. "Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 10, no. 6 (2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2009.04.001.

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11

Terris, Mark, and Peter Crean. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 13, no. 1 (2012): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2011.10.004.

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12

Louden, Jonathan D. "Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 13, no. 7 (2012): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2012.04.009.

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13

Terris, Mark, and Peter Crean. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 15, no. 12 (2014): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2014.09.005.

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14

Louden, Jonathan D. "Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 16, no. 6 (2015): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2015.03.007.

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15

Terris, Mark, and Peter Crean. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 18, no. 11 (2017): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2017.07.009.

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16

Maher, Wael, and Ross Macnab. "Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 19, no. 5 (2018): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2018.02.012.

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17

Ghose, Arun, Matthew Harvey, and Sarah Edmunds. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 21, no. 12 (2020): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.10.004.

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18

Lamont, Sam, and Peter Crean. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Paediatrics and Child Health 24, no. 7 (2014): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2013.11.001.

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19

Terris, Mark. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Paediatrics and Child Health 30, no. 9 (2020): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2020.06.002.

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20

King, Hannah, and Mary Cunliffe. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 5 (2006): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/anes.2006.7.5.175.

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21

Kolditz, Doreen. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Nursing Considerations." Geriatric Nursing 8, no. 4 (1987): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(87)80210-0.

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22

Nash, Patricia. "Potassium and Sodium Homeostasis in the Neonate." Neonatal Network 26, no. 2 (2007): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.2.125.

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MANAGEMENT OF FLUIDS AND electrolytes is crucial when caring for the high-risk neonate. Fluid and electrolyte requirements vary with developmental limitations related to gestational age, as well as by the diagnosis or disease process involved. Management is further complicated by the physiologic contraction of extracellular water, and subsequent weight loss, that occurs during the first week after birth. Therefore, fluid and electrolyte balance requires meticulous assessment of both physiologic and clinical data in conjunction with laboratory data. Data to be followed include heart rate, blood
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23

Gungor, Sara D., Robert P. Woroniecki, Erin Hulfish, and Katherine V. Biagas. "Diabetes Insipidus Complicating Management in a Child with COVID-19 and Multiorgan System Failure: A Novel Use for Furosemide." Case Reports in Critical Care 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5942431.

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Judicious balance of fluids is needed for optimal management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Achieving optimal fluid balance is difficult in patients with disorders of fluid homeostasis such as diabetes insipidus (DI). There is little data on the use of Furosemide to aid in balancing fluid and electrolytes in patients with DI. Here, we present a critically ill 11-year-old female with developmental delay, septo-optic dysplasia, central DI, and respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 ARDS. She required careful titration of a Vasopressin infusion in addition to IV Furosemide for
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24

Pence, Jacquelyn, and Richard J. Bloomer. "Impact of Nuun Electrolyte Tablets on Fluid Balance in Active Men and Women." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (2020): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103030.

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Background: Maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and has major implications for athletes involved in physically demanding tasks. While water is viewed as an effective means to rehydrate, and is inexpensive and readily available, electrolyte beverages appear to be more beneficial, in particular for athletes who routinely lose electrolytes through sweating. Nuun tablets contain a mix of electrolytes and are quickly dissolved in water to create an electrolyte-rich beverage. We determined the impact of Nuun tablets on the fluid balance of healthy, exercise-trained men and
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25

Cullen, Laura. "INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE." Nursing Clinics of North America 27, no. 2 (1992): 569–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02784-0.

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26

Hosey, Robert G., and James L. Glazer. "The Ergogenics of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance." Current Sports Medicine Reports 3, no. 4 (2004): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00149619-200408000-00008.

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27

Mach, René S. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Diabetic Coma." Acta Medica Scandinavica 146, no. 1 (2009): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1953.tb10201.x.

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28

OʼDonnell, Mary E. "Assessing Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Elders." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 95, no. 11 (1995): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199511000-00021.

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29

Wittbrodt, Eric T. "Maintaining Fluid and Electrolyte Balance During Exercise." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 1 (2003): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190002239633.

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The well-documented benefits and popularity of sports and fitness have led to an increased demand for products that not only replace sweat losses but also provide fuel for continued high-intensity metabolic demands. The twin risks of hypohydration and hyponatremia can lead to morbid and even fatal outcomes if rational replacement regimens are not followed, especially in endurance athletes and during hot or humid conditions. The avoidance of these complications of physical activity with oral replacement products has been documented primarily in high-impact, prolonged-duration events. Replacemen
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30

MAUGHAN, R. J. "Fluid and electrolyte balance in prolonged exercise." Nutrition Bulletin 10, no. 1 (1985): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01177.x.

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31

Flaminio, M. Julia B. F., and Bonnie R. Rush. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Endurance Horses." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 14, no. 1 (1998): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30217-1.

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32

Whyte, Simon D. "Perioperative fluid and electrolyte balance in children." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 10, no. 2 (2009): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.10.006.

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33

Garvey, Michael S. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Critical Patients." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 19, no. 6 (1989): 1021–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(89)50127-x.

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34

Ellison, Deborah, and Francisca Cisneros Farrar. "Kidney Influence on Fluid and Electrolyte Balance." Nursing Clinics of North America 53, no. 4 (2018): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2018.05.004.

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35

Shirreffs, Susan M. "Restoration of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance After Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 26, S1 (2001): S228—S235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2001-057.

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Post-exercise restoration of fluid balance after sweat-induced hypohydration avoids the detrimental effects of a body water deficit on physiological function and subsequent exercise peiformance. For effective restoration of fluid balance, the consumption of a volume of fluid in excess of the sweat loss and replacement of electrolyte, particularly sodium, losses are essential. Intravenous fluid replacement after exercise has been investigated to a lesser extent and its role for fluid replacement in the dehydrated but otherwise well athlete remains equivocal.
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36

Bergeron, Michael F., Carl M. Maresh, Lawrence E. Armstrong, et al. "Fluid-Electrolyte Balance Associated with Tennis Match Play in a Hot Environment." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5, no. 3 (1995): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.5.3.180.

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Twenty (12 male and 8 female) tennis players from two Division I university tennis teams performed three days of round-robin tournament play (i.e., two singles tennis matches followed by one doubles match per day) in a hot environment (32.2 ±and 53.9 ± 2.4% rh at 1200 hr), so that fluid-electrolyte balance could be evaluated. During singles play, body weight percentage changes were minimal and were similar for males and females (males -1.3 ± 0.8%, females -0.7 ± 0.8%). Estimated daily losses (mmol ·) of sweat sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) (males,158.7,31.3; females,86.5,18.9) were met by the
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37

Haliza, Wilda, Reza Gunadi Ranuh, Alpha Fardah Athiyyah, et al. "Examination of fecal electrolyte on pediatric patient with intestinal stoma." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2024): 5187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3142.

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Intestinal stomas are increasingly performed in pediatric patients to manage various gastrointestinal conditions, such as congenital malformation of intestinal, necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal obstruction, which are frequently occured in developing countries with Low-Middle Income Country (LMIC). However, the presence of a stoma has possibility of morbidity such as can significantly affect the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance, particularly in infant and under five years old children. This risk is increased due to the immature renal system in pediatric patients, increased loss of f
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38

Cannon, Martha. "Fluid therapy for cats 2. Restoring fluid and electrolyte balance." In Practice 22, no. 6 (2000): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.22.6.317.

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39

Pérez-Castillo, Íñigo M., Jennifer A. Williams, José López-Chicharro, et al. "Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited." Nutrients 16, no. 1 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16010017.

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Hypohydration can impair aerobic performance and deteriorate cognitive function during exercise. To minimize hypohydration, athletes are recommended to commence exercise at least euhydrated, ingest fluids containing sodium during long-duration and/or high-intensity exercise to prevent body mass loss over 2% and maintain elevated plasma osmolality, and rapidly restore and retain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis before a second exercise session. To achieve these goals, the compositions of the fluids consumed are key; however, it remains unclear what can be considered an optimal formulation for
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40

Mulyani, Guntari Titik, Setyo Budhi, and Kurnia . "Identifikasi Tipe Dehidrasi dan Profil Elektrolit Mayor pada Pasien Kucing di Rumah Sakit Hewan Prof. Soeparwi dan Beberapa Klinik Hewan di Wilayah Yogyakarta." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 39, no. 3 (2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.69901.

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Dehydration is defined as a lack of body fluids followed by loss of electrolytes, and changes in acid-base balance. The type of dehydration is limited based on the concentration of sodium in serum at the time of dehydration. Maintenance of osmotic pressure and distribution of several compartments of body fluids are the main functions of the four major electrolytes, namely sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), chloride (Cl‾), and bicarbonate (HCO3‾). Sodium is the most cation in extracellular fluid, most potassium cation in intracellular fluid and chloride is the most anion in extracellular fluid. Th
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41

Armstrong, Lawrence E. "Caffeine, Body Fluid-Electrolyte Balance, and Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 2 (2002): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.189.

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Recreational enthusiasts and athletes often are advised to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages (CB). The dual purposes of this review are to (a) critique controlled investigations regarding the effects of caffeine on dehydration and exercise performance, and (b) ascertain whether abstaining from CB is scientifically and physiologically justifiable. The literature indicates that caffeine consumption stimulates a mild diuresis similar to water, but there is no evidence of a fluid-electrolyte imbalance that is detrimental to exercise performance or health. Investigations comparing caffei
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42

Gałęska, Elżbieta, Marcjanna Wrzecińska, Alicja Kowalczyk, and Jose P. Araujo. "Reproductive Consequences of Electrolyte Disturbances in Domestic Animals." Biology 11, no. 7 (2022): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11071006.

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Electrolyte balance is essential to maintain homeostasis in the body. The most crucial electrolytes are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), and calcium (Ca2+). These ions maintain the volume of body fluids, and blood pressure, participate in muscle contractions, and nerve conduction, and are important in enzymatic reactions. The balance is mainly ensured by the kidneys, which are an important organ that regulates the volume and composition of urine, together with which excess electrolytes are excreted. They are also important in the reproductive system, where they p
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43

Kellum, J. A., J. Cerda, L. J. Kaplan, M. K. Nadim, and P. M. Palevsky. "Fluids for Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury." International Journal of Artificial Organs 31, no. 2 (2008): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880803100204.

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Fluids are the only known method of attenuating renal injury. Furthermore, whether for hydration, resuscitation or renal replacement therapy, fluid prescriptions must be tailored to the fluid and electrolyte, cardiovascular status and residual renal function of the patient. Different fluids have significantly different effects both on volume expansion as well as on the electrolyte and acid-base balance; while controversial, different fluids may even influence renal function differently. This systematic review focuses on fluids for prevention and management of acute kidney injury. We have revie
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44

Rehrer, Nancy J. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Endurance Sport." Sports Medicine 31, no. 10 (2001): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131100-00001.

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45

Kavouras, Stavros A., Costas Anastasios Anastasiou, Katerina Panagiotis Skenderi, Yiannis Tsekouras, Markos Echegaray, and Antonia Leda Matalas. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Endurance Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00863.

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46

Kavouras, Stavros A., Costas Anastasios Anastasiou, Katerina Panagiotis Skenderi, Yiannis Tsekouras, Markos Echegaray, and Antonia Leda Matalas. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Endurance Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00863.

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47

Mackenzie, Iain. "Assessment and Management of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance." Surgery (Oxford) 20, no. 6 (2002): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.20.6.121.14633.

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48

Mackenzie, Iain. "Fluid and electrolyte balance, anaemia and blood transfusion." Surgery (Oxford) 23, no. 12 (2005): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.2005.23.12.453.

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49

Johnson, Rebecca, and Simon Monkhouse. "Postoperative Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Alarming Audit Results." Journal of Perioperative Practice 19, no. 9 (2009): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890901900904.

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Perioperative fluid and electrolyte management requires an understanding of physiology and fluid losses. Consequences of poor management in postoperative patients can be fatal. This audit assesses the latest consensus guidelines and applies them to a district general hospital setting. Results are concerning and demonstrate a global lack of application of knowledge and understanding. Recommendations are suggested in order to control this potentially devastating situation.
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50

O’Hara, David, and Patricia Richardson. "Fluid and electrolyte balance, anaemia and blood transfusion." Surgery (Oxford) 26, no. 9 (2008): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2008.07.007.

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