Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluid bed granulation and drying

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid bed granulation and drying'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid bed granulation and drying"

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Kim, Kang Min, and Jae Sung Pyo. "A STUDY OF FLUID BED GRANULATION OF PRAVASTATIN TABLET USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27356.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to reduce size and weight of pravastatin tablet through quality by design approach; potential factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature) which could influence on the production process for critical process parameters of wet granulation using fluid-bed granulator were examined.Methods: The manufacturing process of the reduced weight and size formulation pravastatin tablet involves wet granulation, drying, granulate screening, blending, and tableting. Design of experiments study for wet granulation of the reduced weight/size pravastatin tablet was produced on 11 combinations of three factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature), which were chosen through initial risk assessment. The process of wet granulation was rated by measuring four responses: loss on drying (LOD) (%), bulk density (g/ml), product temperature (°C), and dissolution similarity (f2).Results: It was measured that LOD varied from 1.46 to 3.24%, bulk density from 0.34 to 0.51 g/ml, product temperature from 40.12 to 51.69°C, and dissolution (f2) of pravastatin from 52.14 to 58.91. Control strategy for wet granulation production of the reduced weight and size pravastatin tablet by our results demonstrated that the most optimized condition of three factors for wet granulation is spray rate (3–5 g/min), atomizing pressure (about 1 bar), and inlet temperature (65–90°C), respectively. Updated risk assessment and justification by all experimental data safely existed within the range of acceptance criteria were presented.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ideal ranges of three factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature) in wet granulation were successfully identified.
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Bozkurt, Semra, Özgül Altay, Mehmet Koç, and Figen Kaymak Ertekin. "Toz Gıda Proseslerinde Akışkan Yatak Uygulamaları." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.818-825.2861.

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Fluidized bed system has a wide range of use from heavy industry to pharmaceutical, chemical and food industry. In this system, a bed of solid particles is transformed into a fluid-like state through suspension in a fluid. The minimum fluidization rate, defined as the speed at which the fluidization begins at the bed, is the most important design and operation parameter of the fluidized bed systems. Fluidized bed in powdered foods are widely used for drying, agglomeration, granulation and coating processes. Since many events take place simultaneously in fluidized bed technology, there are many variables acting on the system. In this review, information is given about fluid bed, fluidized bed applications in powder food processes and parameters to be considered during the use of fluidized bed system.
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Hlinak, Anthony J., and Azita Saleki-Gerhardt. "An Evaluation of Fluid Bed Drying of Aqueous Granulations." Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 2000): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pdt-100100514.

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Djuriš, Jelena, Djordje Medarević, Marko Krstić, Ivana Vasiljević, Ivana Mašić, and Svetlana Ibrić. "Design Space Approach in Optimization of Fluid Bed Granulation and Tablets Compression Process." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/185085.

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The aim of this study was to optimize fluid bed granulation and tablets compression processes using design space approach. Type of diluent, binder concentration, temperature during mixing, granulation and drying, spray rate, and atomization pressure were recognized as critical formulation and process parameters. They were varied in the first set of experiments in order to estimate their influences on critical quality attributes, that is, granules characteristics (size distribution, flowability, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, and moisture content) using Plackett-Burman experimental design. Type of diluent and atomization pressure were selected as the most important parameters. In the second set of experiments, design space for process parameters (atomization pressure and compression force) and its influence on tablets characteristics was developed. Percent of paracetamol released and tablets hardness were determined as critical quality attributes. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied in order to determine design space. ANNs models showed that atomization pressure influences mostly on the dissolution profile, whereas compression force affects mainly the tablets hardness. Based on the obtained ANNs models, it is possible to predict tablet hardness and paracetamol release profile for any combination of analyzed factors.
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Rehrl, Jakob, Stephan Sacher, Martin Horn, and Johannes Khinast. "End-Point Prediction of Granule Moisture in a ConsiGmaTM-25 Segmented Fluid Bed Dryer." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050452.

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Continuously operated pharmaceutical manufacturing lines often consist of a wet granulation unit operation, followed by a (semi-) continuous dryer. The operating conditions of the dryer are crucial for obtaining a desired final granule moisture. Commercially available dryers lack of a thorough online measurement of granule moisture during the drying process. However, this information could improve the operation of the equipment considerably, yielding a granule moisture close to the desired value (e.g., by drying time and process parameter adjustments in real-time). The paper at hand proposes a process model, which can be parameterized from a very limited number of experiments and then be used as a so-called soft sensor for predicting granule moisture. It utilizes available process measurements for the estimation of the granule moisture. The development of the model as well as parameter identification and validation experiments are provided. The proposed model paves the way for the application of sophisticated observer concepts. Possible future activities on that topic are outlined in the paper.
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Duarte, Claudio Roberto, Valéria V. Murata, and Marcos A. S. Barrozo. "Simulation of Spouted Bed Using a Eulerian Multiphase Model." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.270.

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Spouted bed systems have emerged as very efficient fluid-particle contactors and find many applications in the chemical and biochemical industry. Some important applications of spouted beds include coal combustion, biochemical reactions, drying of solids, drying of solutions and suspensions, granulation, blending, grinding, and particle coating. An extensive overview can be found in Mathur and Epstein[1]. The pattern of solid and gas flows in a spouted bed was numerically simulated using a CFD modeling technique. The Eulerian-Eulerian multifluid modeling approach was applied to predict gas-solid flow behavior. A commercially available, control-volume-based code FLUENT 6.1 was chosen to carry out the computer simulations. In order to reduce computational times and required system resources, the 2D axisymmetric segregated solver was chosen. The typical flow pattern of the spouted bed was obtained in the present calculation. The simulated velocity and voidage profiles presented a good agreement qualitative and quantitative with the experimental results obtained by He et al. [4].
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Araújo, Bruna Sene Alves, and Kássia Graciele dos Santos. "CFD Simulation of Different Flow Regimes of the Spout Fluidized Bed with Draft Plates." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.89.

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Spout fluidized bed has shown promising for gas-solid contact operations with and without chemical reactions, such as drying, coating, granulation, gasification, pyrolysis, etc. This is because these beds combine features from both spouted and fluidized beds. The other point is the ability to treat chemical transformations involving both heat and mass transfer in combination with particles of various sizes. Therefore, it is extremely important the knowledge of fluid dynamic of the bed, mainly for scale-up projects, which makes computer simulation an essential tool. Researches using the Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) proved to be very effective in predicting of particles dynamic in this type of bed. In Computation Fluid Dynamics, the two phases are treated as interpenetration continuous, and these phases are described by equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The goal of the present work was to simulate using CFD experimental fluid dynamics data of a spout fluidized bed. Eight distinct flow regimes were identified which showed up in good agreement with the regime map presented in literature. The results showed that the technique was efficient for the simulation of the hydrodynamic of the bed presented.
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Silva, A. F., M. C. Sarraguça, M. Fonteyne, J. Vercruysse, F. De Leersnyder, V. Vanhoorne, N. Bostijn, et al. "Multivariate statistical process control of a continuous pharmaceutical twin-screw granulation and fluid bed drying process." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 528, no. 1-2 (August 2017): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.075.

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Menth, Judith, Martin Maus, and Karl G. Wagner. "Continuous twin screw granulation and fluid bed drying: A mechanistic scaling approach focusing optimal tablet properties." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 586 (August 2020): 119509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119509.

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Ryckaert, Alexander, Michael Ghijs, Christoph Portier, Dejan Djuric, Adrian Funke, Chris Vervaet, and Thomas De Beer. "The Influence of Equipment Design and Process Parameters on Granule Breakage in a Semi-Continuous Fluid Bed Dryer after Continuous Twin-Screw Wet Granulation." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020293.

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The drying unit of a continuous from-powder-to-tablet manufacturing line based on twin-screw granulation (TSG) is a crucial intermediate process step to achieve the desired tablet quality. Understanding the size reduction of pharmaceutical granules before, during, and after the fluid bed drying process is, however, still lacking. A first major goal was to investigate the breakage and attrition phenomena during transport of wet and dry granules, the filling phase, and drying phase on a ConsiGma-25 system (C25). Pneumatic transport of the wet granules after TSG towards the dryer induced extensive breakage, whereas the turbulent filling and drying phase of the drying cells caused rather moderate breakage and attrition. Subsequently, the dry transfer line was responsible for additional extensive breakage and attrition. The second major goal was to compare the influence of drying air temperature and drying time on granule size and moisture content for granules processed with a commercial-scale ConsiGma-25 system and with the R&D-scale ConsiGma-1 (C1) system. Generally, the granule quality obtained after drying with C1 was not predictive for the C25, making it challenging during process development with the C1 to obtain representative granules for the C25.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid bed granulation and drying"

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Liu, Huolong. "Modeling and control of batch pulsed top-spray fluidized bed granulation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11006.

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In this thesis, a thorough study of the batch top-spray fluidized bed granulation was carried out including experimental study, population balance model (PBM), computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study and control strategy development. For the experimental study, the influence variables of pulsed frequency, binder spray rate and atomization pressure of a batch top-spray fluidized bed granulation process were studied using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. Different mathematical models were developed to predict the mean size of granules, yield, relative width of granule distribution, Hausner ratio and final granule moisture content. Validation experiments have shown the reliability and effectiveness of using the Box-Behnken experimental design method to study a fluidized bed granulation process. The one-dimensional population balance models (ODPBMs) have been developed to model a pulsed top-spray fluidized bed granulation, linking the operating factors of the pulsed frequency, the binder spray rate, and atomization air pressure with the granule properties to predict granule growth behavior at different operating conditions. A multi-stage open optimal control strategy based on the developed ODPBMs was proposed to reduce the model and process mismatch through adjusting the trajectory of the evolution of the granule size distribution at predefined sample intervals. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling and multi-stage open optimal control strategy has been validated by experimental and simulation tests. In addition, an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model (EETFM) was developed to describe the gas-particle two-phase flow in the fluidized bed granulator. By computational fluid dynamic analysis, it has been proven that the fluidized bed granulation system is not homogeneous, based on which a two-compartmental population balance model (TCPBM) was developed to describe the particle growth in the fluidized bed granulation. Validation experiments have shown the effectiveness and superior accuracy of the TCPBM comparing with the ODPBM in predicting the final particle size distribution.
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Haeri, Nejad Masoud. "Drying of Porous Particles containing Liquid Mixtures in a Continuous Vibrated Fluid Bed Dryer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156215.

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The influence of operation parameters on the drying of spherical porous particles containing a mixture of solvents evaporating into nitrogen in a continuously worked vibrated fluid-bed dryer was studied. A simulation based on the analytical solution to heat and mass transfer equations was applied and modifications were suggested.   Four different ternary liquid mixtures were selected: Acetone-Chloroform-Methanol (ACM), Ethanol- 2-propanol-Water (EIpW), Water-Ethanol-Ethyl Acetate (WEEa) and Ethanol-Methylethylketone- Toluene (EMekT). For the solid, physical properties of Pyrex was used.   Comparison of composition- and temperature- profiles indicated that there is no resistance against heat transfer within the solid and that the heat transfer is much faster than mass transfer.   Selectivity diagrams were drawn. The results indicated that selectivity is an important parameter in predicting the drying behavior.   The retention ratio was studied as performance parameter. Its variation was studied in response to changes in operation parameters, including gas velocity and temperature, as well as solid temperature and particle size.   A  modification  to  the  model  was  examined  by  assuming  a  liquid-content-dependent  diffusion resistance factor. It was observed that implementing such an assumption yields decreased values for retention ratios.   The  effect  of  vibration  on  heat  and  mass  transfer  coefficients  was  included  using  a  correlation suggested by Sbrodov and the resulting effect on retention ratio was examined.
Inverkan   av   driftparameter  på  torkning  av   sfäriska  porösa  partiklar  som   innehåller lösningsmedelblandningar som avdunstar i kväve i en kontinuerligt viberande fluidbädd-tork studerades.  En  simuleringsmodell  baserad  på  den  analytiska  lösningen  till  värme-  och materieöverföringsekvationerna användes och ändringar föreslogs.   Fyra  olika  tärnar  vätskeblandningar  valdes:  aceton-kloroform-metanol(ACM),  etanol-2- propanolvatten,(EIpW),     vatten-etanol-etylacetat     (WEEa)     och     etanol-metyletylketon- toluen(EMekT). För den fasta fasen användes fysikaliska egenskaper liknande Pyrex.   Sammansättnings-  och  temperatur-profiler  visade  att  det  inte  finns  något  motstånd  mot värmeöverföring  i  den  fasta  fasen  och  att  värmeöverföringen  sker  mycket  snabbare  än materieöverförningen.   Selektivitetsdiagram ritades. Resultaten indikerar att selektivititen är en viktig parmeter för att förutsäga beteendet vid torkning.   Retentionsförhållandet  användes  som  ett  prestandamått.  Dess  variation  med  avseende  på förändringar av  driftsparmetrar,  bland  annat  gasen  hastighet  och  temperatur  samt  den  fasta  fasens temperatur och partikelstorlek, studerades.   En modifiering av modellen undersöktes genom att införa en vätskehalts-beroende faktor för diffusionsmotståndet. Detta minskade värdena på retentionsförhållandena.   Vibrationens inverkan på värme- och materieöverföring infördes genom att använda Sbrodov samband, och den resulterande effekten på retentionsförhållandet observerades.
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Steigmiller, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Application of Process Analytical Technology for Investigation of Fluid Bed Granulation and Active Coating during Process Development and Scale-up / Daniela Steigmiller." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044866624/34.

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Eriksson, Linnea. "Multi-factorial Optimization of the Clean-In-Place program for a Fluid Bed Dryer after Drying of Ferrous Granules." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263552.

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Aim: The aim of this project was to optimize the clean-in-place program for a fluid bed dryer used after drying wet ferrous granules, with focus on shortening the total time used for the program. This clean-in-place program has two critical objectives; removing a hard to clean iron residue on the inside surface of the fluid bed dryer by using an acidic detergent and thereafter removing the acidic detergent by rinsing steps. Methods: The optimization was performed by down scaling the current clean-in-place program to laboratory scale, then varying the parameters volume and time by applying the statistical model Central Composite Circumscribe and use experimental design optimization to determine the influence of the parameters on the effect of cleanliness. Cleanliness in laboratory scale was assessed by visual inspection and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The cleanliness in production was determined by visual inspection, an iron test kit and a pH-meter. The results from the laboratory scale optimization lead to a new clean-in-place program that was evaluated twice in production after drying of ferrous batches. Results and conclusions: The hard to clean iron residue could be recreated in laboratory scale. The optimization in laboratory scale showed that the parameter water was the most significant parameter for removal of the iron residue. The new clean-in-place program evaluated in production was 40% (approx. 110 min) shorter than the current clean-in-place program. The results of cleanliness varied after the new clean-in-place program had been used in production, not all hard to clean areas tested had approved results. Further optimization is needed to be able to clean after varying amount of granules in left in the fluid bed dryer after production ended. An interesting side results was that two steps dedicated to rinse out the detergent could be removed. This fact can lead to that even more rinsing steps can be excluded in the future clean-in-place programs.
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Petrovick, Gustavo Freire. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação tecnológica de granulado revestido contendo produto seco por spray drying de achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. asteraceae (marcela)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10352.

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O presente trabalho refere-se ao desenvolvimento de grânulos a partir de produto seco de A. satureioides obtido por spray drying, em escala semi-industrial, visando a superar as principais limitações tecnológicas apresentadas tais como a higroscopia excessiva do produto, baixa densidade, pequeno tamanho de partícula e instabilidade dos constituintes flavonoídicos frente à luz. Dois métodos foram empregados para a granulação: granulação em leito fluidizado e granulação via seca por desagregação. Estes métodos apresentaram, respectivamente, 15 e 60 % de rendimento do processo, levando a escolha da granulação seca para a produção dos grânulos do produto seco. A granulação seca resultou em grânulos assimétricos, de faixa granulométrica situada entre 0,3 mm e 1,9 mm e de superfície irregular e rugosa. O revestimento destes grânulos foi realizado em leito fluidizado, utilizando três tipos de polímeros, Eudragit® L 30D, Opadry® II e Opadry® AMB.O rendimento médio com o Opadry® II foi de 72 %. O revestimento com Opadry® AMB foi realizado utilizando-se um baixo e alto fluxo do líquido de revestimento, obtendo-se rendimentos de 75 e 85 %, respectivamente. A higroscopia dos grânulos foi avaliada em ambientes com umidade relativa controlada de 65 ou 99 %, comparando-se o comportamento dos grânulos revestidos com o dos grânulos sem a presença de revestimento. Ambos os filmes com Opadry® não protegeram os grânulos frente à umidade. As fotomicrografias por MEV, destes grânulos, revelaram que, ambos os tipos de revestimento, apresentaram superfícies rugosas e com presença de poros explicando, parcialmente, a falta de proteção contra a umidade. O estudo da fotoproteção indica, em um primeiro momento, que o filme de revestimento promove a proteção dos flavonóides frente a ação da luz. A avaliação preliminar da liberação dos flavonóides, a partir dos grânulos, foi realizada em células de fluxo Desaga® com os grânulos sem revestimento e revestidos com Opadry® AMB. A água não demonstrou ser o meio mais favorável para este ensaio. Em meio com pH 1,2 contendo 1 % de laurilsulfato de sódio, os flavonóides quercetina, luteolina e 3-Ometilquercetina foram liberados, respectivamente, após 90 minutos, em 70, 83 e 70 % a partir dos grânulos não revestidos, e 52, 54 e 45 % a partir dos grânulos revestidos com Opadry® AMB, denotando a influência do filme de revestimento sobre o perfil de liberação dos flavonóides. Em seu conjunto, os resultados obtidos nesta primeira abordagem deste tema abrem diversas perspectivas para oaprofundamento do estudo e desenvolvimento de granulados de A. satureioides, a partir de produto seco por spray drying.
The present work was designed to develop granules from Achyrocline satureioides spray dried powders in order to overcome the main technological limitations presented by this herbal raw material: high hygroscopy, low density, small particle diameter and flavonoid sensibility against light. Two methods were employed for granulation, fluidized bed and dry granulation. These methods presented, respectively, 15 and 60 % of process yield, leading to the selection of dry granulation for preparing the granules. By this method, the granules showed 0,3 to 1,9 mm particle mean diameter, rough surface and irregular morphology. For coating the granules, three types of polymers were employed, Eudragit® L30D, Opadry® II and Opadry® AMB, in fluidized bed. The first one resulted in atomizer obstruction becoming non viable its employment. The mean yield coating obtained with Opadry® II was 72 %. The Opadry® AMB was sprayed in low and high rates yielding, respectively, 75 % and 85 %. The hygroscopicity of the granules was evaluated in controlled conditions of 65 % or 99 % RH, comparing the behavior of the coated granules which that presented by non-coated particles. Both Opadry® coatings did not protect the granules against the humidity. The SEM photomicrographis of these granules revealed that both types of coating presented rough and porous surface explaining partially, at least, the lack of protection against the humidity. The preliminary photostability assay indicated, in a first view, that the coating promotes the flavonoid protection. The flavonoid release from the granules was performed in Desaga® flow cell from the non-coated granules and from Opadry® AMB coated granules. Water demonstrated not to be an appropriate media for both tested granules. In pH 1.2 media containing 1 % of sodium lauryl sulfate, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin were, respectively, released, after 90 minutes, in 70 %, 83 % and 70 % from non coated granules and in 52 %, 54 % and 45 % from Opadry® AMB coated granules, denoting the influence of the coating on the flavonoid release profile. Taken together, the results of this first approach openmay perspectives for more detailed studies on Achyrocline satureioides granules from the corresponding spray dried powders.
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Alonso, Ellen Cristine Pineze. "Desenvolvimento de complexos de inclusão sólidos contendo carvedilol e ciclodextrina pelas técnicas de leito fluidizado e spray drying." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7019.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Introduction: Cyclodextrins have been used in several industries segments, mainly in the pharmaceutical industry. This material has been employed in the complexation of poorly soluble drugs with the aim to increase bioavailability and effect. Carvedilol (CARV) is a poor soluble drug used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Its oral bioavailability is reduced to β5%, due to their low aqueous solubility and first pass effect. Because of this, it is an excellent choice to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. However, the use of cyclodextrins have some limitations, once it is necessary to use a large amount in the formulation and it can cause dilution of the drug and it can result in a solid oral form with inappropriate dimensions. Therefore, different strategies have been used to enhance complexation efficiency and reduce the amount of cyclodextrin, like the combination of the effect of drug ionization and inclusion complexes. In addition, the choice of the technique used to produce inclusion complexes is very important, because it is necessary to develop economic and effective techniques, which have been easily scalable to produce inclusion complexes in the industry. Spray drying technique have been extensively studied in cyclodextrin complexation, but this method is very expensive and presents lower efficiency. On the other hand, fluid-bed granulation has been widely used in the production of solid dosage forms but the use of this technique to produce cyclodextrin inclusion complexes is not described in the literature. Objective: The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize inclusion complexes containing carvedilol and cyclodextrin, using spray drying and fluidized bed techniques, with the aim to enhance drug dissolution rate. Material and methods: Phase solubility studies were performed using various cyclodextrins, in pH 1,β and 6,8, at room temperature, during 48 hours. Binary complexes were produced by spray drying and fluidized bed techniques. FTIR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, morphology, particle size, flowability and dissolution studies were performed to characterize the inclusion complexes. Results and discussion: Hidroxypropyl--cyclodextrin Cavitron W7 HP7 had the better solubility results. Thus, binary complexes CARV: HPCD prepared by spray drying and fluidized bed techniques in pH β,β showed better results and dissolution rate was 7 and 6 folds, respectively. However, solid dispersion prepared by fluid-bed presented better flowability indicating that this technique is the most appropriate for a large-scale production of solid dosage forms. Additionally, complexes containing HPȖCD showed good dissolution rate and could be considered as one more option for CARV complexation with great performance of inclusion complex formation in solid state.
Introdução: As ciclodextrinas têm sido amplamente utilizadas principalmente na indústria farmacêutica. Esses adjuvantes são usados na complexação de fármacos que apresentam baixa solubilidade aquosa, resultando em produtos com maior biodisponibilidade e portanto, efeito terapêutico superior. O carvedilol (CARV) é um fármaco pouco solúvel utilizado no tratamento da hipertensão e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Esse fármaco tem biodisponibilidade oral de apenas β5%, devido à sua baixa solubilidade aquosa e ao efeito de primeira passagem metabólica, sendo um excelente candidato a complexação com as ciclodextrinas. No entanto, o uso de ciclodextrinas em formas farmacêuticas sólidas é limitado pela necessidade de adicionar elevadas quantidades desses adjuvantes na formulação, o que ocasiona à diluição do fármaco e o aumento indesejado no tamanho da forma farmacêutica. Assim, diversas estratégias têm sido empregadas para aumentar a eficiência de complexação e reduzir a quantidade de ciclodextrina utilizada, como a ionização de fármacos associada a formação de complexos de inclusão. Outra preocupação importante é a seleção do método de complexação, pois é necessário desenvolver técnicas eficientes, econômicas e de fácil escalonamento visando a futura produção industrial dos complexos. O método de spray drying tem sido muito investigado para a obtenção de complexos com ciclodextrinas, mas apresenta baixa eficiência energética e custo elevado. Por outro lado, o método de leito fluidizado tem sido extensivamente utilizado na indústria farmacêutica, mas seu emprego como método de complexação durante a granulação de pós ainda não foi descrito na literatura. Objetivo: A proposta deste trabalho foi obter e caracterizar complexos de inclusão contendo carvedilol e ciclodextrinas, pelas técnicas de spray drying e leito fluidizado, visando melhorar a dissolução do fármaco a partir de formas farmacêuticas sólidas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de solubilidade de fases com diferentes tipos de ciclodextrinas foram realizados em soluções de pH 1,β e 6,8, sob temperatura ambiente, durante 48 horas. Complexos sólidos binários foram preparados pelas técnicas de spray drying e leito fluidizado. Os complexos de inclusão foram caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), morfologia, tamanho de partícula, fluxo e avaliados quanto a dissolução do fármaco. Resultados e discussão: A ciclodextrina que apresentou melhor capacidade de solubilização do carvedilol foi a hidroxipropil-ȕ- ciclodextrina (HPȕCD) com maior grau de substituição (Cavitron W7 HP7). Complexos binários CARV: HPȕCD, preparados por spray drying e leito fluidizado, em pH β,β, apresentaram os melhores resultados, sendo o aumento na taxa de dissolução de 7 e 6 vezes, respectivamente. No entanto, a dispersão sólida preparada em leito fluidizado apresentou propriedades de fluxo superiores demonstrando que esta técnica é a mais adequada para a produção de formas sólidas em grande escala. Adicionalmente, os complexos contendo HPȖCD também apresentaram resultados de dissolução satisfatórios, sendo esta ciclodextrina modificada uma alternativa para a formação de complexos de inclusão contendo CARV.
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7

Souza, Luciane Franquelin Gomes de 1977. "Fluidodinamica e secagem de cloreto de potassio e acetato de sodio em leito pulso fluidizado." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267207.

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Orientadores: Osvaldir Pereira Taranto, Marcelo Nitz da Costa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Acetato de sódio e um sal orgânico produzido pela reação do acido acético com hidróxido de sódio. Depois da cristalização e separação os cristais úmidos são secos. Já o cloreto de potássio e um sal inorgânico extraído de rochas e águas salinas muito utilizado na industria química como fertilizante. Esses sais são higroscópicos, coesivos quando úmidos, e geralmente são secos em secadores de leitos fluidizados. No presente trabalho foi utilizado um secador de leito pulso-fluidizado (PFB) que e uma modificação do secador de leito fluidizado convencional. Neste equipamento uma taxa constante de ar e suprido para o secador. Um distribuidor de gás instalado sob a câmara de secagem promove a pulsação pela corrente de gás alternada. A principal vantagem desta técnica e o uso de uma vazão de ar menor quando comparada com outras. O PFB utilizado neste trabalho possui uma área de secção transversal de 0,18 metros quadrados e constituído de quatro seções. Inicialmente foi realizado o estudo fluidodinâmico dos sais secos e úmidos. Posteriormente as curvas de secagem do acetato de sódio e cloreto de potássio foram determinadas para diferentes condições de secagem (temperatura do ar e freqüência de pulsação). A secagem e fluidodinâmica em leito fluidizado convencional foram feitas para que a comparação com o leito pulsado fosse possível. Resultados mostraram que as taxas de secagem foram maiores na fluidizarão pulsante devido ao melhor comportamento fluidodinâmico: o fluxo intermitente ajuda a romper partículas aglomeradas e conseqüentemente prover melhor contato entre gás - partícula.
Abstract: Sodium acetate is a salt produced by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide. After crystallization and separation, the wet crystals are dried. Potassium chloride is an inorganic salt extracted from rocks and saline water. It is mainly used in the chemical industry as a fertilizer. These salts are hygroscopic particulate materials, which are dried in fluidized beds or rotary dryers. In this work a pulsed-fluid bed (PFB) dryer was used, which is a variation of the conventional fluidized bed dryer. In this equipment, a constant airflow rate is supplied to the dryer. A gas distributor installed upstream of the drying chamber provides the pulsed-flow by alternating the gas stream. The main advantage of this technique is the lower airflow rate supplied when compared with competitive techniques. The PFB used in this work has a cross section area of 0.18 m2 and it has four sections. Initially, the fluid-dynamic study of dry and wet salts was performed. Subsequently the drying curves of sodium acetate and potassium chloride were determined for different drying conditions (inlet air temperature and pulsation frequency). Drying and Fluid-dynamic was performed in conventional fluidized bed drying, so that results could be compared. Results showed that the drying rates were higher under pulsed fluidization due to the better fluid-dynamic behavior: the intermittent flow can help to break particle agglomerates and therefore provide better contact between particles and the gas.
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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8

Godoi, Fernanda Condi de. "Fluidodinamica e secagem do polihidroxibutirato (PHB) em leito fluidizado pulsado rotativo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267050.

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Orientadores: Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha, Nadia Rosa Pereira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Polihidroxibutirato (PHB) é um poliéster completamente biodegradável e biocompatível. O interesse no desenvolvimento, produção e comercialização do PHB vem crescendo por ser um produto biodegradável e de produção integrada à cadeia de açúcar e álcool. A secagem é uma importante etapa do processo de produção do PHB, pois para o adequado pósprocessamento desse material deve-se garantir um teor de umidade limite de 0,5%. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar uma tecnologia de secagem, em um produto inovador e de importância na preservação ambiental. Foi realizado um estudo da fluidodinâmica e dos mecanismos de secagem do PHB em um leito fluidizado pulsado rotativo (LFPR). A escolha do equipamento baseou-se no fato de que o PHB úmido é coesivo e não apresenta fluidização convencional de qualidade. O secador de LFPR utiliza a pulsação do ar para desfazer os aglomerados de PHB melhorando a circulação das partículas dentro do leito. O presente estudo também incluiu a caracterização física do material antes e após a secagem. Para os ensaios de caracterização em que os equipamentos não trabalham em presença de umidade, a liofilização do PHB foi a alternativa encontrada para se caracterizar o material antes da secagem. O PHB apresentou um excelente comportamento fluidodinâmico em LFPR. A frequência de pulsação de 10 Hz foi a que apresentou comportamento mais favorável, com queda de pressão moderada e patamares de estabilidade. Por meio dos ensaios fluidodinâmicos foi possível determinar a velocidade de mínima fluidização vigorosa pulsada (VMV), parâmetro que ajudou a estabelecer a velocidade empregada para os experimentos de secagem. Durante a secagem do PHB foi avaliada a influência que a temperatura, velocidade e frequência de pulsação do ar exercem na cinética de secagem. Verificou-se excelente contato entre as partículas de PHB e o ar aquecido, com elutriação somente nos primeiros 10 minutos de secagem. As curvas de secagem do PHB indicaram períodos de taxa de secagem constante e decrescente. A temperatura e a velocidade do ar influenciaram positivamente o processo. Além disso, foi detectada a existência de um outro solvente além da água nas amostras de PHB, por meio da comparação entre as curvas de secagem obtidas com medidas de umidade feitas em estufa e em Karl Fischer. A análise termogravimétrica (TGA) também ajudou a detectar a presença de outro solvente além da água nas amostras de PHB. Os ensaios de caracterização física mostraram que as condições operacionais de secagem testadas não provocaram a degradação das partículas de PHB. Sob as condições consideradas ótimas de secagem, temperatura de 90 ºC, frequência de 7 Hz e velocidade do ar 0,40 m/s, foi atingida umidade igual a 0,56%, demonstrando a viabilidade do secador LFPR.
Abstract: Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester, completely biodegradable and biocompatible. The interest on its development, production and commercialization has arisen due to its biodegradability and production integrated to the sugar and alcohol chain. Drying is an important step of the PHB production because an adequate post-processing is achieved only at moisture contents less than 0.5%. The goal of this work was to study a drying technology for this innovative product of relevant importance for the environmental preservation. The fluid-dynamic and drying mechanisms analyses were made in a rotating-pulsed fluidized bed (RPFB). The equipment was chosen based on the fact that the wet PHB is cohesive and doesn't work properly in a conventional fluid bed. The RPFB dryer uses the air pulsation to undo the PHB agglomerate improving the circulation of the particles inside the bed. This study also included the physical characterization of the material before and after the drying. For the characterization tests that wouldn't work with moisture presence, the liophilization was the best alternative to characterize the material before the drying process. The PHBshowed an excellent dynamic behavior in RPFB. The pulsation frequency of 10 Hz presented the most favorable fluid dynamic conditions, resulting in moderate pressure drop and regime stability. Based on the fluid-dynamic study it was possible to determine the minimum vigorous fluidizing air flow (MVF), an important parameter to set the air velocity range for the drying experiments. An excellent contact between the PHB particles and the hot air was obtained during the drying runs, with particles elutriation only during the first 10 minutes. The influence of the temperature, velocity and frequency of air pulsation was evaluated on the drying kinetics. The PHB drying kinetics presented constant and decreasing-rate drying periods. The drying process was positively influenced by the air temperature and velocity. Furthermore, the presence of another solvent additionally to the water was detected in the PHB samples through the comparison between the drying curves obtained with moisture measurements made in an oven and in Karl Fischer equipment. The thermo gravimetric analysis also helped to detect the presence of another solvent in the PHB samples. The physical characterization tests showed that the drying operating conditions didn't cause degradation on PHB particles. The RPFB dryer showed to be a viable technique to dry PHB, as moisture content of 0.56% was reached at optimal operating conditions of air temperature of 90oC, air velocity of 0,40 m/s and frequency of pulsation of 7 Hz.
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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9

HAUSMAN-MANNING, DEBRA SUE. "APPLICATION OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY TO PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESSES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1108838053.

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10

Debaste, Frédéric. "Modélisation de l'évaporation en milieu poreux: développement de modèles fondamentaux et appliqués." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210496.

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L'étude des phénomènes fondamentaux de

transport et de thermodynamique apparaissant lors de l'évaporation

en milieu poreux permet l'investigation d'applications pratiques

variées. Dans ce travail, nous développons des modèles fondamentaux

d'évaporation en milieu poreux que nous appliquons ensuite au

séchage en lit fluidisé de deux matériaux granulaires poreux :le

PVC et la levure.

Les modèles mis au point sont réalisés suivant une approche

multiéchelle. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord aux phénomènes se

déroulant à l'échelle d'un pore. Les modèles développés à cette

échelle sont ensuite exploités dans le cadre d'une étude à l'échelle

d'un grain poreux. Le couplage des modèles de grain avec un modèle à

l'échelle du réacteur permet alors l'étude des applications

industrielles.

A l'échelle du pore, nous étudions les phénomènes de transport dans

un capillaire initialement rempli de liquide qui s'évapore vers

l'atmosphère ambiante. L'objectif est de prédire le taux

d'évaporation dans cette configuration. Nous nous intéressons

successivement à la modélisation du transport de matière par

convection-diffusion en phase gazeuse et la modélisation de l'impact

de films liquides adsorbés à la paroi du capillaire sur le transport

de matière. Ces deux modèles sont confrontés à des expériences

d'évaporation en capillaires cylindriques visualisées à l'aide de

deux dispositifs optiques. Le premier offre un suivi d'ensemble au

cours du temps du capillaire, alors que le second, un interféromètre

de Mach-Zehnder, permet une visualisation locale de la région

entourant le ménisque.

Le modèle portant sur le transport de matière par

convection-diffusion mène à la définition d'un critère non

dimensionnel permettant d'évaluer si la convection dans la phase

gazeuse dans le capillaire doit être prise en compte pour évaluer le

taux d'évaporation. Le modèle de film permet de prédire l'impact de

celui-ci sur l'évaporation en présence d'un gaz inerte lorsque les

mouvements convectifs en phase gazeuse sont négligeables. La

confrontation de ce modèle avec les profils d'épaisseur des films

obtenus à l'aide de interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder ne permet pas de

valider le modèle, et ce, suite à une trop grande incertitude sur

l'évaluation des interactions entre la paroi et le liquide.

A l'échelle d'un grain, nous développons un modèle discret par

réseau de pores et deux modèles continus pour tenter de prédire le

taux d'évaporation et la distribution des phases dans le milieu

poreux. Le modèle par réseau de pores prend en compte les transports

de matière par diffusion en phase gazeuse, par convection dans les

pores remplis de liquide et par convection dans les films liquides.

Les effets visqueux en phase liquide sont également modelisés. Pour

la prise en compte de ces derniers, nous montrons l'importance de

l'usage d'un algorithme approprié. Nous évaluons ensuite au travers

de trois nombres sans dimensions l'impact du transport par film et

des effets visqueux sur l'évaporation et la distribution des phases.

Cette analyse dimensionnelle est ensuite appliquée à l'étude de

réseaux de pores pour lesquels la section des liaisons les

constituant est idéalisée par des polygones réguliers. Pour les

modèles continus après une vérification simplifiée de

l'applicabilité de cette démarche, nous développons deux modèles

simples. Dans les deux modèles, l'étape de séchage à vitesse

constante est supposée limitée par le transport de matière externe

au grain. Le premier modèle, dit à front pénétrant, suppose que

l'étape de séchage à vitesse décroissante correspond à l'existence

d'un front d'évaporation qui s'enfonce dans la matrice poreuse. Le

second modèle, dit à surface d'échange variable, attribue cette même

étape du séchage à une diminution progressive de la surface

d'évaporation en surface du grain.

A l'échelle du réacteur, nous présentons deux modèles visant à

simuler deux types d'essais différents :le séchage en lit fluidisé

et la thermogravimétrie analytique. Ces deux modèles sont couplés

aux différents modèles à l'échelle de grain pour étudier le séchage

de PVC et de levure tant en lit fluidisé que lors des essais de

thermogravimétrie analytique.

Dans le cas du PVC, le modèle par réseau de pores ne peut pas être

appliqué de par la nécessité d'une trop grande puissance de calcul.

Au niveau des modèles continus, nous montrons que l'application du

modèle à surface d'échange variable permet de reproduire les courbes

de séchage expérimentales des essais en lit fluidisé.

Dans le cas de la levure, nous appliquons le modèle par réseau de

pores et le modèle à front pénétrant. L'utilisation du modèle par

réseau de pores nécessite une connaissance plus détaillée de la

structure poreuse des grains. Le traitement d'une analyse par

microtomographie nous permet d'obtenir un réseau de pores

expérimental. Celui-ci est utilisé pour montrer que la méthode de

caractérisation de la porosité par intrusion de mercure ne semble

pas adaptée à un matériau deformable comme la levure. Le même réseau

est utilisé pour simuler le séchage de grains de levure à l'aide du

modèle par réseau de pores. Les simulations sont réalisées sur des

réseaux équivalents à des coupes dans le solide. Le modèle par

réseau de pores et le modèle à front pénétrant permettent tous deux

de modéliser correctement le séchage de levure en lit fluidisé

moyennant l'ajustement de leurs paramètres ajustables,

respectivement la conductibilité des films liquide et la tortuosité.

Pour l'essai de thermogravimétrie, ils ne parviennent à approcher

que la première étape de celui-ci. Les avantages, défauts et

complémentarités de ces deux modèles sont discutés.

Nous évaluons ensuite l'impact du rétrécissement de la levure et des

types d'eau sur le séchage de ce matériau. Le rétrécissement est,

pour ce faire, mesuré à l'aide d'un stéréomicroscope. Ces premières

mesures, exploratoires, mènent à la définition d'un modèle empirique

de retrait du solide au cours de son séchage. En le prenant en

compte dans les modèles déjà appliqués à la levure, nous montrons

que le retrait a un impact significatif sur l'étape de séchage à

vitesse décroissante. Cet impact

peut cependant être masqué intégralement par la réévaluation

des paramètres ajustables des différents modèles. Finalement,

l'étude des types d'eau au travers d'un modèle simple appliqué à

l'essai de thermogravimétrie analytique montre que les types d'eau

ne doivent pas être pris en compte pour modéliser le séchage de

levure.

A l'issue de ce travail, nous disposons donc de modèles fondamentaux

d'évaporation en milieu poreux. Ceux-ci peuvent être appliqués à des

cas d'intérêt industriel, comme nous le réalisons pour le PVC et la

levure. Ils peuvent servir à améliorer la

compréhension de ces procédés. Ils représentent donc des

outils de choix pour la conception, le dimensionnement et

l'optimisation du séchage.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Books on the topic "Fluid bed granulation and drying"

1

Weyell, Manfred. Pre-drying of biomass using a vibrating fluid-bed drying system as a preliminary stage of biomass pyrolysis. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid bed granulation and drying"

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Parikh, Dilip M. "Fluid Bed Processing." In Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 307–82. 4th ed. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429320057-10-12.

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Teng, Yue, and Zhihui Qiu. "Fluid Bed Coating and Granulation for CR Delivery." In Oral Controlled Release Formulation Design and Drug Delivery, 115–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470640487.ch8.

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Liu, Dalu, and Linyou Wu. "Studies on Drying Pullulan by Using Spray-Fluid-Bed with Carriers Circulation." In Biochemical Engineering for 2001, 166–69. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68180-9_42.

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Sahu, Pramod Kumar, Amrita Gupta, Megha Singh, Priyam Mehrotra, and G. P. Brahmaprakash. "Bioformulation and Fluid Bed Drying: A New Approach Towards an Improved Biofertilizer Formulation." In Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity, 47–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6934-5_3.

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Christelle, Turchiuli, and Dumoulin Elisabeth. "Aroma Encapsulation in Powder by Spray Drying, and Fluid Bed Agglomeration and Coating." In Food Engineering Series, 255–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7906-2_14.

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Christelle, Turchiuli, and Dumoulin Elisabeth. "Erratum To: Chapter 14 Aroma Encapsulation in Powder by Spray Drying, and Fluid Bed Agglomeration and Coating." In Food Engineering Series, E1. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7906-2_33.

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Jayme, David, R. Fike, R. Hassett, B. Dadey, R. Radominski, and D. Cady. "Fluid Bed Granulation as an Alternative to Milled Powders to Improve Performance of Dry-Form, Serum-Free Nutrient Media." In Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market, 369–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0369-8_86.

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Gupta, R. "Fluid bed granulation and drying." In Predictive Modeling of Pharmaceutical Unit Operations, 137–58. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100154-7.00006-5.

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"Fluid Bed Granulation." In Industrial Crystallization of Melts, 241–84. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203021132.ch8.

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"Batch Fluid Bed Granulation." In Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 275–338. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849354953-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid bed granulation and drying"

1

Kemp, Ian C., Alex Van Millingen, Houda Khaled, and Lewis Iler. "Simultaneous wetting and drying; fluid bed granulation and tablet film coating." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7931.

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Simultaneous wetting and drying occur in processes such as fluid bed (top spray) granulation, Wurster coating and tablet film coating. This gives control challenges, as the spraying and evaporation processes must be carefully balanced and the operating window is significantly narrower than for standalone drying processes. Significant recent advances in modelling have led to effective scale-up and operational strategies. Factors such as flow cessation during filter bag shaking can have a major effect. A design space can be predicted which is often non-orthogonal, and pharmaceutical regulatory authorities have accepted filing submissions using a design space justified by mechanistic modelling. Keywords: pharmaceuticals; peak moisture content; bed temperature; conduction; design space.
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Vaccari, Anna, Michele Pinelli, Luca Pirani, and Nicola Gandolfi. "CFD Analysis of a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Industrial Application." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37042.

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The fluidized bed reactors are widely used in chemical, mining and pharmaceutical industries and energy applications because of the low pressure drop, the uniform distribution of temperature and of high-speed mass transfer of energy and speed. Fluidization behavior depends on the reactor geometry and internals as well as the particle size distribution and physical properties of the process material. This paper presents a 3D fluid dynamic simulation of a fluidized bed reactor for the pharmaceutical processing of powder, such as mixing, granulation and drying. Firstly, sensitivity analyses based on a literature test-case were performed, for the validation of the computational model and the development of the additional components required for the simulation of a real fluidized bed reactor. Then an unsteady URANS 3D simulation of a modular laboratory-scale fluid bed reactor, product of IMA S.p.A. Active Division, was performed to evaluate the velocity field and particle distribution of the powder involved in the mixing process.
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Mielke, Lisa, Andreas Bück, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Multi-zone & multi-compartment model for dynamic simulation of horizontal fluidized bed granulator." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7474.

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Due to the ongoing development and implementation of process control and observation techniques in production processes of particulate products, the research on complexly designed process apparatuses has become of great interest. The work presented in this paper is focused on a model-based study on a multi-chamber horizontal fluidized bed apparatus for fluidized bed layering granulation. The model for the solid phase is extended by a new drying model. Because of the great variety of parameters that influence this complex system a preliminary model-based study on a simplified setup shall show which construction or process parameters influence the product quality. Keywords: fluidized bed granulation; population balance modeling; surface moisture content; drying
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Mueller, Daniel, Andreas Bueck, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Heat and mass transfer modelling of continuous Wurster-spray-granulation with external product classification." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7269.

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Wurster granulation with external product classification can be used for stable continuous coating or layering processes. It has been ascertained from recent population balance simulations that the ratio of the spray rate to the nuclei feed rate can be used to control the thickness of the sprayed product layer. However, thermal conditions are not considered by population balances regarding the particle size as distributed property. For this reason, heat and mass transfer is investigated in the present contribution by modelling of several subprocesses. The results can be used to discuss the cause of fluidized bed destabilization due to over-wetting. Keywords: continuous operation; Wurster fluidized bed; spray granulation; spray limits; heat and mass transfer
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Burggraeve, Anneleen, Thomas De Beer, Chris Vervaet, Jean Paul Remon, Mario Hellings, and Tom Van Den Kerkhof. "Real-Time Particle Size Distribution Evaluation during Fluid Bed Granulation." In The 1st Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecps2011-00511.

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Wang, Haigang, Wuqiang Yang, Ian Proctor, Julian Taylor, Alex Marr, and Trevor Page. "Online monitoring and flow regime identification of fluidised bed drying and granulation processes." In 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2009.5071643.

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Viegas, Thayná R., and Osvaldir Pereira Taranto. "Agglomeration of hydrolyzed collagen with blackberry pulp in a fluidized bed." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7347.

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Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a fine powder applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries which has shown good results in the treatment of diseases related to bones, skin and joints. In this study, HC particles were agglomerated in order to increase particle size, optimizing its use as a food ingredient, its handling and its storage. Agglomeration is a process that not only enlarge the size of fine particles, but also improves its properties, such as instantanization time and flowability. The aim of this work was the agglomeration of HC in a fluidized bed having blackberry pulp as a liquid binder. A full factorial design 22 was used to study the effect of the temperature of the fluidizing air (60, 70, 80ºC) and the flow rate of the liquid binder (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mL/min) on the process yield, mean particle size, water activity and total anthocyanins content. It was observed that anthocyanins content from the blackberry pulp had higher values with lower temperatures. Water activity had lower values with higher temperatures, but in all conditions, it was lower than 0.6. The enlargement of the granules was observed in all conditions studied, increasing up to 275%. Process yield varied from 67,9 to 80,0%. In all conditions, the instantanization time and flowability improved compared to hydrolyzed collagen before agglomeration.Keywords: hydrolyzed collagen; agglomeration; granulation; fluidized bed; blackberry pulp
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8

NITZ, MARCELLO, and OSVALDIR PEREIRA TARANTO. "THE INFLUENCES OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE DRYING OF A POROUS MATERIAL IN A PULSED FLUID BED." In The Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771957_0025.

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Yan, Junjie, Ming Liu, Shan Wang, Rongtang Liu, and Xiaoqu Han. "The consumption of exergy for lignite drying with different technologies: a comparative theoretical study." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7372.

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Pre-drying is an effective method to upgrade lignite and broaden its utilization areas. Various drying technologies could be applied to pre-dry lignite. The drying temperature in these drying technologies are different, which means that energy at different grades is used in these dryers. To analyze the irreversibilities of drying process, the exergetic analysis models are developed in this study. The exergy feeding and consumption rates are defined as the indicators. Various lignite drying technologies are calculated and quantitatively compared. Results show that exergy consumption rate for steam fluid-bed dryer is the smallest, which is 432.6 kJ (kg H2O)-1. Keywords: lignite; drying technologies; exergy analysis; thermodynamics
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Sharma, Avdhesh K., M. R. Ravi, and S. Kohli. "Modelling Conduction and Radiation in the Reactive Porous Bed of the Gasifier." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80758.

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This paper presents the heat transfer model for the gasifier to predict the temperature profile in the bed using the single zone sub-model. The single zone sub-model is also used to verify the correctness and to demonstrate the effect of various parameters for e.g. solid/fluid flow, temperatures of inflow/outflow control volume (CV), heat generation/absorption and with/without heat loss. The study shows that solid/fluid flow, inflow CV temperature and heat generation/absorption within the CV of interest are the strong influencing parameters, whether, the outflow CV temperature has insignificant effect on the temperature values of the CV of interest. The six similar zones correspond to preheating, drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction and annular jacket zone are also coupled in order to predict the temperature profile in the gasifier bed. The simulation result shows that temperature of the down stream zones are more sensitive to heat generation in the bed as compared to upstream zone temperature, while the increase in gas flow rate resulting into the decrease in temperature profile depending upon the values of heat generation/absorption in bed is being fixed.
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