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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluid flow sensor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Włodarczak, Sylwia, Marek Ochowiak, Michał Doligalski, et al. "Flow Rate Control by Means of Flow Meter and PLC Controller." Sensors 21, no. 18 (2021): 6153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186153.

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This paper presents a design of a flow meter based on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The new construction of a flow meter controlled by PLC increases the possibilities for the control and automation of fluid flow. Additionally, the didactic potential of the use of simple automation in the form of a programmable logic controller was considered. A device enabling the measurement of fluid flow rate based on a PLC controller was designed, constructed, and tested. The choice of device was the Gems Sensors FT-210 series turbine flow sensor, which is characterized by low purchase and maintena

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Zeng, Yaxiang, Remco Sanders, Remco Wiegerink, and Joost Lötters. "A Flow-Through Microfluidic Relative Permittivity Sensor." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030325.

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In this paper, we present the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of a microfluidic relative permittivity sensor in which the fluid flows through an interdigitated electrode structure. Sensor fabrication is based on an silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer where the fluidic inlet and outlet are etched through the handle layer and the interdigitated electrodes are made in the device layer. An impedance analyzer was used to measure the impedance between the interdigitated electrodes for various non-conducting fluids with a relative permittivity ranging from 1 to 41. The sensor shows

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Lynnworth, Lawrence C., Ram Cohen, Joseph L. Rose, Jin O. Kim, and Edward R. Furlong. "Vortex Shedder Fluid Flow Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 6 (2006): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.883856.

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Ryu, Chaehyun, Jeonhyeong Park, Soon In Jung, Il Ryu Jang, and Hoe Joon Kim. "Measurement of Pulsating Flow Using a Self-Attachable Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Adhesive PDMS and CNT." Chemosensors 10, no. 5 (2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10050187.

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Accurate monitoring is needed for pulsating flow in many healthcare and bio applications. Specifically, real-time monitoring of pulsating blood flow provides rich information regarding a patient’s health conditions. This paper proposes a flexible strain sensor capable of detecting the pulsating fluid flow by directly measuring the circumferential strain induced by a rapid change in the flow rate. The thin and flexible strain sensor consists of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a Triton-X treatment to enhance the adhesive property and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as the piezoresistive

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Tian, Bian, Huafeng Li, Ning Yang, Yulong Zhao, Pei Chen, and Hanyue Liu. "A MEMS flow velocity sensor with low kinetic energy dissipation rate." Sensor Review 37, no. 3 (2017): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-09-2016-0182.

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Purpose It is significant to know the real-time indexes about the turbulence flow of the ocean system, which has a deep influence on ocean productivity, distribution of the ocean populations and transmission of the ocean energy, especially the measurement of turbulence flow velocity. So, it is particularly urgent to provide a high-sensitivity, low-cost and reliable fluid flow sensor for industry and consumer product application. This paper aims to design a micro fluid flow sensor with a cross beam membrane structure. The designed sensor can detect the fluid flow velocity and has a low kinetic

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Kenari, Shirin Azadi, Remco J. Wiegerink, Remco G. P. Sanders, and Joost C. Lötters. "Flow-Independent Thermal Conductivity and Volumetric Heat Capacity Measurement of Pure Gases and Binary Gas Mixtures Using a Single Heated Wire." Micromachines 15, no. 6 (2024): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15060671.

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Among the different techniques for monitoring the flow rate of various fluids, thermal flow sensors stand out for their straightforward measurement technique. However, the main drawback of these types of sensors is their dependency on the thermal properties of the medium, i.e., thermal conductivity (k), and volumetric heat capacity (ρcp). They require calibration whenever the fluid in the system changes. In this paper, we present a single hot wire suspended above a V-groove cavity that is used to measure k and ρcp through DC and AC excitation for both pure gases and binary gas mixtures, respec

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Brumand-Poor, Faras, Tim Kotte, Marwin Schüpfer, Felix Figge, and Katharina Schmitz. "High-Frequency Flow Rate Determination—A Pressure-Based Measurement Approach." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses 3, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/jeta3010005.

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Accurate flow measurement is critical for hydraulic systems because it represents a crucial parameter in the control of fluid power systems and enables the calculation of hydraulic power when combined with pressure data, which is valuable for applications such as predictive maintenance. Existing flow sensors in fluid power systems typically operate invasively, disturbing the flow and providing inaccurate results, especially under transient conditions. A conventional method involves calculating the flow rate using the pressure difference along a pipe via the Hagen–Poiseuille law, which is limit

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Maxit, J. O., P. W. Reittinger, J. Wang, and R. J. Kostelnicek. "Downhole Instrumentation for the Measurement of Three-Phase Volume Fractions and Phase Velocities in Horizontal Wells." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 122, no. 2 (2000): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483162.

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This paper discusses a new downhole logging instrument that measures three-phase flow in horizontal and highly deviated wells. The focus is on the instrument design features, and the measurement techniques that produce the three-phase holdup and velocity measurements. Signals from a two dimensional array of capacitive sensors are measured, and subsequent processing determines the volume fraction and velocity of each component of the borehole flow. The design incorporates an array of capacitive sensors that span the wellbore. Since two orthogonal electrical signals are used to excite local flui

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Cerimovic, Samir, Albert Treytl, Thomas Glatzl, Roman Beigelbeck, Franz Keplinger, and Thilo Sauter. "Thermal Flow Sensor for Non‐Invasive Measurements in HVAC Systems." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130827.

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We present a feasibility study on non‐invasive flow rate measurements in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing thermal transduction instead of commonly used ultrasonic techniques. The investigated thermal flow transduction comprises two temperature sensors and a heater, all mounted non‐invasively on the outer pipe surface and, therefore, not disturbing the fluid flow inside. One temperature sensor measures the heater temperature, whereas the other one, mounted upstream of the heater, follows the fluid temperature for reference. The temperature difference (i.e., th

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Gao, Xiong, Lane B. Carasik, Jamie B. Coble, and J. Wesley Hines. "A New Development of Cross-Correlation-Based Flow Estimation Validated and Optimized by CFD Simulation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156687.

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The accurate measurement of mass flow rates is important in nuclear power plants. Flow meters have been invented and widely applied in several industries; however, the operating environment in advanced nuclear power plants is especially harsh due to high temperatures, high radiation, and potentially corrosive conditions. Traditional flow meters are largely limited to deployment at the outlet of pumps, on pipes, or in limited geometries. Cross-correlation function (CCF) flow estimation, on the other hand, can estimate the flow velocity indirectly without any specific instruments for flow measur

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Cerimovic, Samir, Albert Treytl, Thomas Glatzl, Roman Beigelbeck, Franz Keplinger, and Thilo Sauter. "Development and Characterization of Thermal Flow Sensors for Non-Invasive Measurements in HVAC Systems." Sensors 19, no. 6 (2019): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061397.

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We investigated non-invasive flow rate measurements in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing thermal transduction instead of commonly used ultrasonic techniques. The proposed thermal flow transduction comprises two temperature sensors and a heater, all mounted non-invasively on the outer surface of metal-pipes and, therefore, not disturbing the fluid flow inside. One temperature sensor measures the heater temperature, whereas the other one, mounted upstream of the heater, follows the fluid temperature for reference. The temperature difference (i.e., the heater exc

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YALÇIN, DİLAN, and Serhat İkizoğlu. "Fluid Dynamics Analysis in NDIR Gas Sensor Capsule Designed with Convergent Nozzles." European Journal of Research and Development 3, no. 1 (2023): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v3i1.236.

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Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensor capsules have holes for gas inlet-outlet. The volumetric flow rate of the target gas into the sensor capsule is a significant factor affecting the fast and accurate measurement of gas concentration. The structure and dimensions of the holes in the capsule affect the volumetric flow rate of the target gas. If cylindrical holes are preferred in sensor capsules, it is necessary to enlarge the hole diameter to increase the volumetric flow rate of the gas. However, enlarging the hole diameter in NDIR gas sensors increases IR rays exiting the sensor capsule.

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M A, Omprakas, Manikandan M, Balakrishnan S, et al. "Cutting Fluid pH Value Maintenance in CNC Machine by Arduino Nano." E3S Web of Conferences 529 (2024): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452904002.

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Cutting fluid plays an important role in machining operations like milling, drilling, reaming, etc. In production industry such as automobile industries, aerospace industries, etc., soluble cutting fluids are mainly used for machining operations. The maximum service life of the cutting fluid is about 3 to 4 months in that industry, when they mixed with water, the cutting fluid will get dried out or converted into vapour due to heat generation and due to friction between the cutting tool and the components. The repeated use of cutting fluid for machining operations, the chemical and physical pr

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Gerhardy, C., and W. K. Schomburg. "Flow Parallel Wire - Flow Sensor Insensitive to Fluid Properties." Procedia Engineering 25 (2011): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.293.

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15

Karimi, Morteza, Junpeng Lai, Weili Cui, Changhong Ke, and Ronald N. Miles. "The influence of fluid boundary conditions on bio-inspired acoustic flow sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 157, no. 4 (2025): 3045–56. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036459.

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One common approach to creating a flow sensor is to fabricate sensing elements that extend perpendicularly from the substrate, which typically provides sensor anchorage. However, this approach is impractical due to fabrication challenges, structural fragility, and integration constraints. This paper explores an alternative packaging method that integrates the sensor into a silicon chip for protection. Since this integration introduces boundary conditions from the substrate, which negatively affect sensor performance, the substrate is removed to modify the fluid boundary condition by transferri

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16

Shi, Yi, Beibei Wang, Kui Du, et al. "Process Monitoring for Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion by Using Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors." Polymers 17, no. 4 (2025): 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17040459.

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This paper developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated aramid fiber sensor, which was successfully used to monitor the resin flow front and sense the fluid pressure difference during the (VARI) process. The electrical resistance change of the CNT-coated fiber sensor was compared with that of buckypaper materials. The results show that the electrical resistances of CNT sensors show rapid growth successively along the infusion direction once the flow front reaches the sensor position during resin infusion in the VARI process. The electrical resistance of CNT-coated fiber sensors may increase by as

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17

Brumand-Poor, Faras, Tim Kotte, Enrico Gaspare Pasquini, and Katharina Schmitz. "Signal Processing for Transient Flow Rate Determination: An Analytical Soft Sensor Using Two Pressure Signals." Signals 5, no. 4 (2024): 812–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals5040045.

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Accurate knowledge of the flow rate is essential for hydraulic systems, enabling the calculation of hydraulic power when combined with pressure measurements. These data are crucial for applications such as predictive maintenance. However, most flow rate sensors in fluid power systems operate invasively, disrupting the flow and producing inaccurate results, especially under transient conditions. Utilizing pressure transducers represents a non-invasive soft sensor approach since no physical flow rate sensor is used to determine the flow rate. Usually, this approach relies on the Hagen–Poiseuille

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18

Shukla, Srashti, and Prof Dr Meghana Mishra. "IoT-Driven Infusion Monitoring & Management System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 07 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36742.

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This research investigates the monitoring and management of an intravenous drip infusion system using the Internet of Things (IoT) and non- contact liquid level sensors, an Arduino circuit board, a GSM interface, and a cloud storage facility. The three sensors in the system are able to detect the presence of fluid without coming into contact with it. They can also send the data they collect to the cloud facility, where it can be used to access drip conditions and monitor fluid levels as well as control infusion flow when needed. This system can be considered an improvement over several systems

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19

Sreedevi Lingadahalli Kotreshappa, Chempi Gurudas Nayak, and Santhosh Krishnan Venkata. "The Characterisation of Differential Pressure Based Flow Sensor in a Microfluidic Environment." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 104, no. 2 (2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.104.2.1925.

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Flows in a microfluidic environment differ in their flow parameter changes compared to macro flows and should be handled carefully. Recently microfluidic innovations have been drawn into much consideration in biomedical, chemical synthesis, and cooling industries. There exists a need for a flow rate sensor for measuring tiny fluid flows in developing microfluidic Lab-on-chip products, Organ-on-chip, and other products for biological, chemical, and other flow analysis. Working with microfluidic products mainly revolves around flow measurement. The control of these frameworks is just conceivable

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20

Kazda, Jakub, Richard Matas, and Jan Sedláček. "Modelling fluid flow and heat transfer tasks for testing PIR motion Sensor." MATEC Web of Conferences 345 (2021): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134500017.

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The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology of modelling fluid flow and heat transfer tasks for testing electronic motion sensors, especially PIR (passive infra-red) motion sensors. The motion sensor measures changes in electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range caused by the movement of warmer objects compared to its surroundings. Distortion of the perception of the environment can lead to false alarms or insensitivity of the detector. PIR motion sensors should be designed and located to minimize heating of the lens by ambient air. The sensor may be exposed to conditions not spe

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21

Tian, Feng, Zhen Bin Gao, and Yi Cai Sun. "Simulation and Research of a Thermal Type Liquid Flow Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1213.

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A flow sensor for liquids, based on the principle of fluid-structure heat transfer is presented. The heater and thermistor are integrated and wrapped together as a detector and heat source, allowing heat exchange between the sensor and the fluid. Through numerical simulation, the temperature distribution of the sensor was investigated, under conditions of various flow velocities. The process of turbulent heat transfer in the flow pipe was simulated, the temperature distribution in the sensor was analyzed and compared under different temperature and velocity of the fluid, and the corresponding

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22

Liu, Song, Xianmei Wu, Yuanyuan Kong, and Xiuqian Peng. "Measurement Method for Fluid Pressure Fluctuation in Fluid-Conveying Pipe Using PVDF Piezoelectric Film Sensor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031299.

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As a representative fluid-transporting system, fluid-conveying pipes play an essential role in many fields. For a fluid-conveying pipe system in operation, fluid pulsation in pipes contains much information about fluid flow parameters (flow velocity, fluid pressure, etc.). Therefore, the measurement of fluid pulsation is important for understanding the internal fluid flow. To use polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film sensors to indirectly measure the pressure fluctuation of the internal fluid, we simulated a fluid-conveying pipe with PVDF piezoelectric film sensors attached to the

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23

Mustafa, Adil, Merve Ertas Uslu, and Melikhan Tanyeri. "Optimizing Sensitivity in a Fluid-Structure Interaction-Based Microfluidic Viscometer: A Multiphysics Simulation Study." Sensors 23, no. 22 (2023): 9265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229265.

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Fluid-structure interactions (FSI) are used in a variety of sensors based on micro- and nanotechnology to detect and measure changes in pressure, flow, and viscosity of fluids. These sensors typically consist of a flexible structure that deforms in response to the fluid flow and generates an electrical, optical, or mechanical signal that can be measured. FSI-based sensors have recently been utilized in applications such as biomedical devices, environmental monitoring, and aerospace engineering, where the accurate measurement of fluid properties is critical to ensure performance and safety. In

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Barmpakos, Dimitris, Ioannis Th Famelis, Anastasios Moschos, Damianos Marinatos, and Grigoris Kaltsas. "Design and Evaluation of a Multidirectional Thermal Flow Sensor on Flexible Substrate." Journal of Sensors 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8476489.

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The development and the corresponding evaluation of a multidirectional thermal flow sensor are presented in this work. The sensor was fabricated on a flexible substrate, allowing for new applications, since it provides the possibility of installation in nonplanar surfaces such as pipelines. Furthermore, the sensing elements are not in direct contact with the fluid, which increases the device reliability, extends its application range, and allows the noncontact monitoring of fluids. This was achieved by utilizing the substrate as a protective layer between the sensing elements and the fluid und

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van Putten, M. J. A. M., C. R. Kleijn, and H. E. A. van den Akker. "Multi-Parameter Sensing With a Thermal Silicon Flow Sensor." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 3 (2002): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486471.

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We present a method for multi-parameter sensing in the application of thermal vector flow sensors. The method is based on the property that two independent signals can be obtained from a single sensing element, viz. a thermal vector flow sensor. For particular applications, this reduces the number of sensors in the measurement process. It may also allow redundant measurement of physical parameters, such as temperature; these redundant measurements are important for self-diagnostics of proper operation of a measurement system. The method is applied to a bidirectional silicon flow sensor, that g

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Dutta, Partha P., Alexander C. Benken, Tao Li, John Richard Ordonez-Varela, and Yogesh B. Gianchandani. "Passive Wireless Pressure Gradient Measurement System for Fluid Flow Analysis." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052525.

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Using distributed MEMS pressure sensors to measure small flow rates in high resistance fluidic channels is fraught with challenges far beyond the performance of the pressure sensing element. In a typical core-flood experiment, which may last several months, flow-induced pressure gradients are generated in porous rock core samples wrapped in a polymer sheath. Measuring these pressure gradients along the flow path requires high resolution pressure measurement while contending with difficult test conditions such as large bias pressures (up to 20 bar) and temperatures (up to 125 °C), as well as th

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Suryana, Anang, and Muchtar Ali Setyo Yudono. "Ultrasonic Sensor for Measurement of Water Flow Rate in Horizontal Pipes Using Segment Area." Fidelity : Jurnal Teknik Elektro 5, no. 1 (2023): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/fidelity.v5i1.143.

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Measurement of flow rate in wastewater pipes is still challenging to be done in real-time. The main challenge in wastewater measurement is the non-homogeneity of wastewater due to the presence of solid waste material. This becomes a hindrance when using mechanical flow measurement or direct contact between the fluid and the measuring device. Therefore, the solution is to perform non-contact flow measurement between the fluid and the measuring device. In this study, a flow sensor was developed for a horizontal pipe using the cross-sectional area measurement method on a horizontal pipe measured

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Yu, Jui-Ming, Tzong-Shyng Leu, Jiun-Jih Miau, and Shih-Jiun Chen. "MEMS flexible thermal flow sensor for measurement of boundary layer separation." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 15 (2016): 1650177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916501773.

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Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) thermal flow sensors featured with high spatial resolutions, fast frequency response and minimal interference with fluid flow have been applied widely in boundary-layer studies and aerodynamic flow sensing and control due to the inherent outstanding performances. In this study, MEMS thermal flow sensors were designed and fabricated on a flexible skin using the MEMS technology. The dimension of a single sensing element was 200 [Formula: see text]m × 260 [Formula: see text]m, which had a resistance of about 200 [Formula: see text] after annealing. By confi

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Murakami, Koichi, Daiki Shiraishi, Shunsuke Mizumi, et al. "Development of a Flexible MEMS Sensor for Subsonic Flow." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (2022): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081299.

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Detection and control of flow separation is a key to improving the efficiency of fluid machinery. In this study, we developed a flexible MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) sensor for measuring the wall shear stress and flow angle in subsonic airflow. The developed sensor is made of a flexible polyimide film and a microheater surrounded by three temperature sensor pairs. The sensor measures the wall shear stress from the heater output and the flow angle from the temperature gradient around the heater. The geometry and design of the heater and temperature sensors were determined based on nume

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Cho, Myoung-Ock, Woojin Jang, and Si-Hyung Lim. "Fabrication and Evaluation of a Flexible MEMS-Based Microthermal Flow Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238153.

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Based on the results of computational fluid dynamics simulations, this study designed and fabricated a flexible thermal-type micro flow sensor comprising one microheater and two thermistors using a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) process on a flexible polyimide film. The thermistors were connected to a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and the resistance difference between the thermistors resulting from the generation of a flow was converted into an output voltage signal using LabVIEW software. A mini tube flow test was conducted to demonstrate the sensor’s detection of fluid velocity in gas an

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Glatzl, Thomas, Roman Beigelbeck, Samir Cerimovic, et al. "A Thermal Flow Sensor Based on Printed Circuit Technology in Constant Temperature Mode for Various Fluids." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051065.

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We present a thermal flow sensor designed for measuring air as well as water flow velocities in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The sensor is designed to integrate the flow along the entire diameter of the pipe also quantifying the volume flow rate of the streaming fluid where the calorimetric principle in constant temperature operation is utilized as a readout method. In the constant temperature mode, a controller keeps a specific excess temperature between sensing elements at a constant level resulting in a flow dependent heater voltage. To achieve cost-effective s

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Mandal, Hiranmoy, Ujjwal Mondal, and Satish Chandra Bera. "Study of a Modified Obstruction Free Pressure Sensor Based Flow Transducer Using Hall Sensors." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 3 (2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200304.

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In the present paper, a modified obstruction free pressure sensor-based flow transducer has been developed using Hall sensors. This technique is a modified version of the earlier inductive method. In this transducer, the fluid pressure in the pipeline is taken as the flow sensing parameter, and various drawbacks of the earlier inductive technique are eliminated. A prototype unit of the transducer is developed and studied in the present work. The transducer consists of two identical C-type Bourdon gauges, each fitted with an identical permanent magnet and Hall sensor assembly to sense the fluid

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Thorncroft, G. E., and J. F. Klausner. "A Capacitance Sensor for Two-Phase Liquid Film Thickness Measurements in a Square Duct." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 1 (1997): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819103.

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The use of capacitance sensors for measuring liquid film thickness or phase concentration in two-phase flow has gained popularity in recent years. In designing such sensors, there are many issues which must be considered in order to optimize performance: desired temporal and spatial resolution, two-phase flow regime, permittivity of the phases, duct geometry, electrical shielding, and temperature variation in the flow field. These issues are discussed, and the design of a 12.7 mm square cross section capacitance sensor which measures liquid film thickness in either stratified are annular two-p

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., Sharabanna. "Arduino Based Pressure Sensor Integration in the Measurement of Flow Field." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 2501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52078.

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Abstract: In fluid mechanics, study of velocity profile for a fluid flow gives better understanding about the nature and physics of fluid. We use manometer and pitot static tube in conventional way to measure the velocity profile .But advances in sensor we can use Arduino with the pressure sensor and study the velocity profile with easy and portable way. The study of velocity measurement has been done with help of sensor and electronics component

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Go, Jeung Sang, Bo Sung Shin, and Jong Soo Ko. "Self-Oscillating Microcantilever Piezoresistive Flow Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1347.

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This article presents a new approach to measure the fluid velocity using the flow-induced vibration of a microcantilever. The gas flow sensor was fabricated using the microfabrication technology and mounted on a printed circuit board for experimental evaluation. For signal processing, a Wheastone bridge circuit was prepared. The experimental measurement of the fluid velocity was performed in the wind tunnel. The flow-induced vibration of the microcantilever was firstly visualized. Based on the power spectrum analysis, the vibrating frequency was constant at 1.173 kHz, independently of the inle

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Wiesmayr, Bianca, Markus Höglinger, Michael Krieger, Philip Lindner, Werner Baumgartner, and Anna Stadler. "A Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Waveguide Sensor that Mimics a Neuromast to Measure Fluid Flow Velocity." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040925.

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Accurate flow measurement is a ubiquitous task in fields such as industry, medical technology, or chemistry; it remains however challenging due to small measurement ranges or erosive flows. Inspiration for possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When the cupula is deflected by water movement, the hair cells generate neural signals from which the fish gains an accurate representation of its environment. We built a flow sensor mimicking a hair cell, but coupled it with an

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Di, Yan Bin, and Ying Miao. "Micro Flow Sensor Based on Frequency Measurement of Micro Whistles." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2061.

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In this work, several millimeter sized micro whistles have been tested as potential frequency analog gas flow sensors. The characteristic curves of the whistles were systematically investigated as a function of geometrical dimensions, the kind of gas applied, and temperature. Both a micro¬phone and a PVDF foil were employed to record the frequencies. The relation be¬tween oscillation frequency and volume flow rate only shows a weak function of fluid properties and temperature. At a given flow rate, the difference of argon and nitrogen is 120 Hz on average, which is corresponding to 1.4 %. For

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Azadi Kenari, Shirin, Remco J. Wiegerink, Henk-Willem Veltkamp, Remco G. P. Sanders, and Joost C. Lötters. "Thermal Flow Meter with Integrated Thermal Conductivity Sensor." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (2023): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071280.

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This paper presents a novel gas-independent thermal flow sensor chip featuring three calorimetric flow sensors for measuring flow profile and direction within a tube, along with a single-wire flow independent thermal conductivity sensor capable of identifying the gas type through a simple DC voltage measurement. All wires have the same dimensions of 2000 μm in length, 5 μm in width, and 1.2 μm in thickness. The design theory and COMSOL simulation are discussed and compared with the measurement results. The sensor’s efficacy is demonstrated with different gases, He, N2, Ar, and CO2, for thermal

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Brumand-Poor, Faras, Tim Kotte, Abdulaziz Hanifa, Christian Reese, Marius Hofmeister, and Katharina Schmitz. "Advancing Pressure-Based Flow Rate Soft Sensors: Signal Filtering Effects and Non-Laminar Flow Rate Determination." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses 3, no. 1 (2025): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jeta3010008.

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Precise flow measurement is crucial in fluid power systems. Especially in combination with pressure, hydraulic power can be particularly beneficial for predictive maintenance and control applications. However, conventional flow sensors in fluid power systems are often invasive, thus disrupting the flow and yielding unreliable measurements, especially under transient conditions. A common alternative is to estimate the flow rate using pressure differentials along a pipe and the Hagen–Poiseuille law, which is limited to steady, laminar, and incompressible flows. This study advances a previously i

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Iftikhar, Mahnoor, Minah Nisar, Aqsa Zahoor, et al. "Automated IV Infusion Control System Design and Development for Medical Use." Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57041/pjosr.v3i1.969.

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For patients suffering from pathological conditions, Intravenous infusion serves to be the go-to treatment, it requires for a medical practitioner to set up the IV infusion device up as per the doctors’ instructions, followed by periodic supervision as abnormalities may occur. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the construction of an automated intravenous infusion control system. Medical and laboratory fluid control has previously been achieved using pressure-based flow sensing, ultrasonic flow measurement, optical flow sensors, capacitive flow sensing, and thermal flow sensing. Due

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Sharma, Vandana, S. L. Shimi, Saleem Khan, and Sandeep Arya. "Design and Fluid Structure Interaction Analysis of a Micro-Channel as Fluid Sensor." Advanced Engineering Forum 14 (October 2015): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.14.46.

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In this proposed work, the design and analysis of a flow sensor to be integrated into a micro-channel is presented. A finite element analysis is carried out to simulate fluid-structure interaction and estimate cantilever deflection under different fluidic flows at constant flow rate. The design of device is based on the determination of geometrical dimensions. A mathematical analysis describing the fluid mechanics and their interaction with the beam is also proposed. The mathematical model is done using finite-element analysis, and a complete formulation for design analysis is determined. Fini

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Yan, Yu-Chao, Cheng-Yu Jiang, Run-Bo Chen, et al. "Highly Sensitive Flow Sensor Based on Flexible Dual-Layer Heating Structures." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226657.

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Hot film sensors detect the flow shear stress based on the forced convection heat transfer to the fluid. Current hot film sensors have been significantly hindered by the relatively low sensitivity due to the massive heat conduction to the substrate. This paper describes the design, fabrication, simulation, and testing of a novel flow sensor with dual-layer hot film structures. More specifically, the heat conduction was insulated from the sensing heater to the substrate by controlling both sensing and guarding heaters working at the same temperature, resulting in a higher sensitivity. The exper

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Kim, Kyunghee, Jeongeun Lee, Bo Moon, et al. "Fabrication of a Urea Biosensor for Real-Time Dynamic Fluid Measurement." Sensors 18, no. 8 (2018): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082607.

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In this study, a portable urea sensor that monitors the urea concentration in flow conditions was fabricated. We propose an electrochemical sensor that continually measures the urea concentration of samples flowing through it at a constant flow rate in real time. For the electrochemical sensing, a porous silk fibroin membrane with immobilized urease was mounted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sensor housing. The fabricated urea sensor elicited linear current–concentration characteristics in the clinically significant concentration range (0.1–20 mM) based on peritoneal dialysis. The sensor mai

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Lekakou, C., S. Cook, T. W. Ang, and G. T. Reed. "Optical Fibre Flow-Sensor for Composites Manufacturing." Advanced Composites Letters 12, no. 5 (2003): 096369350301200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350301200504.

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An optical fibre has been used as an intensity-based sensor for the monitoring of the fluid front infiltrating a reinforcing fibre mat in composites manufacturing. The sensor length comprised the fibre core, initially surrounded by air or vacuum and subsequently covered by the infiltrating fluid. Two configurations were tested where a step-change or a continual output signal was obtained, respectively. In the latter case, the sensor used in this study demonstrates an improvement of up to two orders of magnitude over conventional monitoring techniques used for this application. This performance

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Tian, B., H. F. Li, H. Yang, D. L. Song, X. W. Bai, and Y. L. Zhao. "A MEMS SOI-based piezoresistive fluid flow sensor." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 2 (2018): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5022279.

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Kirkpatrick, Lloyd V., and John R. McGee. "4703664 Fluid flow measurement system sensor mounting block." Marine Pollution Bulletin 19, no. 4 (1988): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(88)90682-0.

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Kim, Chan-Hoo, Ji-Hyun Choi, and Sung-Young Park. "Performance Development of Fluidic Oscillator Nozzle for Cleaning Autonomous-Driving Sensors." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041596.

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Contaminated autonomous-driving sensors frequently malfunction, resulting in accidents; these sensors need regular cleaning. The autonomous-driving sensor-cleaning nozzle currently used is the windshield-washer nozzle; few studies have focused on the sensor-cleaning nozzle. We investigated the flow characteristics of the nozzle to improve its performance in cleaning the autonomous-driving sensor. The nozzle concept was based on the fluidic oscillator nozzle. Various performance parameters of the fluidic oscillator nozzle were selected and investigated. Transient fluid flow was simulated to det

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Guo, Huihui, Xiong Wang, Tingting Liu, Zhijiang Guo, and Yang Gao. "3D Numerical Simulation and Structural Optimization for a MEMS Skin Friction Sensor in Hypersonic Flow." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (2022): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091487.

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The skin friction of a hypersonic vehicle surface can account for up to 50% of the total resistance, directly affecting the vehicle’s effective range and load. A wind tunnel experiment is an important and effective method to optimize the aerodynamic shape of aircraft, and Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) skin friction sensors are considered the promising sensors in hypersonic wind tunnel experiments, owing to their miniature size, high sensitivity, and stability. However, the sensitive structure including structural appearance, a gap with the package shell, and flatness of the sensor will

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Mehta, Yatin, Poonam Malhotra Kapoor, Harish Mallapura Maheswarappa, and Gaurav Saxena. "Noninvasive Bioreactance-Based Fluid Management Monitoring: A Review of Literature." Journal of Cardiac Critical Care TSS 05, no. 03 (2021): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741491.

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AbstractBody fluid balance is an independent predictor of mortality. For each liter of fluid over and above 5 L, risk-adjusted excess mortality is seen. Mortality increased by 2.3% for each 1 L of fluid and hospital costs increased by $999. Accordingly, most recent guidelines have endorsed dynamic modeling. Passive leg raising-induced increase of aortic blood flow ≥ 10% predicts fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 94%. Thus, passive leg raising is often used as gold standard for validation of other procedures (though it's usefulness to assess respiratory variati

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Zhao, Li Feng, Xiang Bin Ji, and Yao Sun. "Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Hot Film Sensor in a Sampling Micro Flow Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3537.

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Thermal film air flow sensor has the characteristics of high precision and fast response. The intake-air velocity in the engine inlet manifold is over the measurement range of the sensor, it is necessary to design special sampling flow channel which can reduce the flow velocity and achieve a stable flow state. The micro flow channel flow field was simulated with CFD meathod, the results show that a well-designed sampling port can obtain stable flow field and effectively low the speed, which can improve the velocity uniformity for measurement in the sensor location. The sampling channel conduce

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