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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluid (gas and liquid)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid (gas and liquid)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

1

Avsec, Jurij, and Igor Medveď. "Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties in Solid-Liquid, Solid-Gas and Liquid-Gas Region." Advanced Materials Research 1126 (October 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.1.

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The paper features the mathematical model of analytical calculation of thermodynamic properties like viscosity, speed of sound and thermal conductivity for fluids in one and two-phase region (fluid-solid, fluid-gas) on the basis of statistical mechanics. For the calculation of thermal conductivity and viscosity for fluids will be presented Chung-Lee-Starling model Equations for the thermal conductivity are developed based on kinetic gas theories and correlated with the experimental data. The low-pressure transport properties are extended to fluids at high densities by introducing empirically correlated density dependent functions. These correlations use acentric factor, dimensionless dipole moment and an empirically determined association parameters to characterize molecular structure effect of polyatomic molecules. The calculation of thermodynamic properties for fluids was developed under the theory of statistical thermodynamics and statistical associated fluid theory. For the calculation of thermal conductivity of solids are the most important two contributions: the heat transport by electrons (el) and by phonons (ph). In our model we have made the assumption that heat transport by electrons and by phonons is independent and the thermal conductivity is than a sum of both terms.

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He, Jie, Xiang Huang, and Pei Cao. "Fine Particle Migration in a Gas Hydrate Sand: Single- and Two-Phase Fluid Using a Device for Observation at the Pore Scale." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010109.

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The production of natural gas hydrates will change the cementation strength, porosity, and effective stress in the stratum, which may lead to engineering and geological disasters. Sand production is a phenomenon where sand particles are carried out of the reservoir along with fluids during gas extraction, posing challenges to safe and sustainable production. This study explored the mechanism of fine particle migration in multiphase flow by a microscopic visualization test device. The device can inject a gas–liquid–solid phase at the same time and allow real-time observation. Experimental tests on fine particle migration of single- and two-phase fluid flow were carried out considering different conditions, i.e., fine particle concentration, fine particle size, fluid flow rate, and gas–liquid ratio. The results show that in single-phase fluid flow, the original gas will gradually dissolve in the liquid phase, and finally stay in the test device as bubbles, which can change the pore structures, resulting in the accumulation of fine particles at the gas–liquid interface. In two-phase fluid flow with mixed gas–water fluids, there are two flow modes of gas–liquid flow: mixed flow and separated flow. The interfacial tension at the gas–liquid interface can effectively migrate fine particles when the gas–liquid flows alternately and the sand production rate further increases as the gas–liquid ratio increases. In addition, changes in the concentration of fine particles, particle size, fluid flow rate, and the gas–liquid ratio will affect the migration of fine particles, leading to differences in the final sand production.

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Bolotov, Alexander, and Georgy Burdo. "Magnetic fluid method for sealing liquid media." E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 04081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304081.

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Magnetic fluid seals for sealing gas environments are widely used in various industries due to their undeniable advantages. However, such seals are not capable of reliable sealing of liquid media with different polarities. The paper analyses physicochemical processes that lead to destructing magnetic fluid in a seal under the influence of a liquid medium in contact with it. There are results of experimental studies on sealing using magnetic seals of non-magnetic fluids with different polarity. The authors studied the tightness of a magnetic fluid seal capacity in contact with weakly polar liquids: MVP instrument oil, vaseline oil, and water as a highly polar liquid. For sealing water, the authors chose magnetic fluids with liquid siloxanes as the basis; they are immiscible with water and hydrophobic. Weakly polar liquids were sealed using magnetic fluid with a dispersion medium of triethanolamine, which is almost insoluble in hydrocarbon liquids and has a high dielectric permittivity and surface tension comparable in magnitude. It is established that magnetic fluid based on triethanolamine reliably seals the experimental bearing from penetrating of weakly polar liquids at an overpressure of 10 kPa and below. To seal polar liquid media, it seems promising to use oleophobic magnetic fluids based on PES-5, containing a large amount of filler in the form of ferrite particles. A magnetic fluid should have the smallest possible contact area with the sealed fluid and maintain a laminar flow regime.

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Troyakov, Konstantin V., Anna S. Kaverzina, Vyacheslav V. Rybin, Alexey Yu Ivanov, and Artem A. Kardash. "Effect of undissolved gas on fluid bulk modulus." E3S Web of Conferences 471 (2024): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447102019.

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This document describes the effect of undissolved gas on the bulk modulus of the fluid. The concept of liquid compressibility and dependence on composition, temperature and pressure is considered. Various methods of measuring the modulus of volumetric elasticity of the liquid were considered. It was also proposed to improve the mathematical model for calculating the module of volumetric elasticity of a liquid. The results of the study were used to plot the effect of the gas phase content modulus of volumetric elasticity of working fluid at different pressures. It was also concluded that the obtained values describe the need to equip hydraulic drives with devices for degassing working liquids.

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Indrawati, Ragil T. "POLA ALIRAN FLUIDA PADA DELIQUIDISER." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ 5, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/ppkm.v5i2.470.

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ujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fenomena pola aliran fluida yang terjadi pada deliquidiser serta properties yang ada pada daerah inlet, drain, oil outlet dan gas outlet. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi pemodelan matematis Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) menggunakan software Ansys. Dalam penelitian ini diasumsikan bahwa model akan disimulasikan skala 1:1 pada 2 phase fluida yaitu fase gas dan liquid dengan 2 jenis fluida (gas dan liquid). Simulasi akan mengacu pada kondisi steady state dan tidak ada solid content. Asumsi inlet fluid pada kondisi 5% turbulence, komposisi gas dan fraksi volume gas & liquid ialah konstan. Drag coefficient yang diguankan ialah 0.44 dengan working pressure 207 psi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa persebaran fraksi gas dari bagian inlet tersebar secara merata pada semua bagian. Akan tetapi, setelah weirplate, ketika melewati nozzle dan menuju outlet gas, gas cenderung bergerak ke atas. Sedangkan, fraksi liquid mengalir dibagian bawah tengah ke bawah setelah fraksi gas. Gas dan liquid velocity streamline menunjukkan pola pergerakan dari inlet kemudian menumbuk weirplate, melewati nozzle dan keluar melalui outlet gas. Optimasi pada sistem telah dilakukan dan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai fraksi gas dan fraksi liquid sebesar 0.74 dan 0.17 dalam aliran yang keluar dari bagian outlet. Sedangkan, untuk mass flow pada outlet gas sebesar 8.8 kg/s dan mass flow pada drain sebesar 0.05 kg/s.

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Meng, Mianmo, Hongkui Ge, Yinghao Shen, Wenming Ji, and Fei Ren. "Fluid saturation evolution with imbibition in unconventional natural gas reservoirs." Interpretation 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): T849—T859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0206.1.

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Hydraulic fracturing plays an important role in developing unconventional natural gas. The large amount of fracturing fluid retention becomes a significant phenomenon in gas fields. Much research has been carried out to explain this mechanism. Imbibition is regarded as one of the important factors and has been investigated extensively. However, the saturation evolution of different types of fluids (liquid, free gas, and trapped gas) has been less researched during imbibition. A porosity experiment combined with an imbibition experiment was conducted to research the fluids-saturation evolution. There are three types of experimental rocks: tight sand, volcanic rock, and shale. The free-gas saturation decreases with the increasing liquid saturation in all samples. However, the sum of these two types of saturation is approximately 100% during imbibition in tight sand. This indicates that the pore space is almost totally filled by liquid and free gas. The sum of these two types of saturation is less than 100% during imbibition in volcanic rock. This indicates that there is trapped gas by liquid. Trapped-gas saturation increases at the early period and decreases at the late period. The sum of these two types of saturation greatly exceeds 100% during imbibition and increases with the imbibition time in shale rocks. This means that there is large amount of extra imbibition liquid. At the same time, the free-gas saturation fluctuates with the increasing liquid saturation. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that tight sand reservoirs have nearly no trapped gas and extra imbibition liquid, volcanic reservoirs have trapped gas and a little extra imbibition liquid, and shale reservoirs have some trapped gas and a large amount of extra imbibition liquid. This research contributes to understanding the fluid saturation evolution during hydraulic fracturing in unconventional natural gas reservoirs.

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Xipeng, Zheng, Wang Le, Jia Xiaoxuan, Xiang Wenchuan, and Yang Shunsheng. "Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Bubble Column by Intermittent Aeration in Newtonian Liquid/Non-Newtonian Liquid." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (November 6, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5254087.

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The dynamic behaviors of gas-liquid two-phase flow were simulated in a lab-scale intermittent bubble column by Euler-Euler two-fluid model coupled with the PBM (population balance model) using two different liquid phases, i.e., Newtonian fluid (water)/non-Newtonian fluid (activated sludge). When non-Newtonian fluid was used during intermittent aeration, some interesting results were obtained. Two symmetric vortexes existed in the time-averaged flow field; the vertical time-averaged velocity of the liquid phase decreased with increasing anaerobic time; the average gas holdup distribution was like a trapezoid with long upper side and short lower side and affected by the dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase. Compared with non-Newtonian fluid, the use of Newtonian fluid as the liquid phase led to a more complicated time-averaged flow field structure and vertical time-averaged velocity distribution, higher average gas holdup, and the asymmetric column-shaped gas holdup distribution with increasing anaerobic time. For different liquid phases, the instantaneous flow field, instantaneous vertical velocity, and instantaneous gas holdup distribution all periodically changed with anaerobic time; however, different from Newtonian liquid phase, non-Newtonian liquid phase had no periodic oscillating instantaneous horizontal velocity.

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TUDOR, Beatrice, and Mirela NOUR. "Flow Simulation of Fluid Under Pressure, Through Pipes for Oil and Gas Transport." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 46, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2023.4.07.

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The work presents a simulation of the flow of liquids under pressure, through pipelines intended for the transport of oil and natural gas. The simulation was done using the SOLIDWORKS program. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation facilitates the analysis of complex fluid flow problems involving liquid-gas, fluid-solid, or fluid-fluid interactions. CFD allows us to design products and systems that meet fluid flow and heat transfer requirements.

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Dadash-Zade, Mirza A., and Ru Cao. "Fluid Mechanics of Gas-Liquid Systems." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (September 14, 2024): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/wpx4z528.

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The study of gas-liquid systems in fluid mechanics is essential for understanding multiphase flows, particularly in industries such as oil and gas field development. This research explores the key parameters that govern the behavior of such systems, including volume flow, velocity, area, dynamic viscosity, and diameter. Volume flow represents the quantity of fluid moving through a system per unit time, while velocity determines the rate at which the fluid particles travel. The cross-sectional area of the conduit directly influences the flow regime, and the dynamic viscosity defines the fluid's internal resistance to flow, significantly impacting pressure drops and flow patterns. The pipe diameter plays a critical role in determining flow characteristics such as Reynolds number and transition between laminar and turbulent flow. By analyzing these factors, this study provides insights into optimizing gas-liquid systems for improved performance and efficiency in industrial applications.

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Liu, Chang. "Advances in Gas Well Fluid Accumulation Modeling." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v5i1.5602.

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Liquid accumulation at the bottom of a well is an important cause of production reduction or even shutdown of natural gas wells, and it is inevitable that water-bearing formations generate liquid accumulation when producing natural gas. Therefore, it is important to study gas well liquid accumulation models and identify liquid accumulation at the bottom of a well in order to take timely and reasonable process measures to deal with liquid accumulation at the well. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current status of domestic and international research on gas well critical fluid-carrying droplet models and critical fluid-carrying film models through literature research, analyzes the problems and development trends of research on gas well fluid accumulation prediction, and provides a comprehensive and systematic summary of the progress of gas well fluid accumulation model research.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

1

Herron, William. "Mass transfer relationships for various gas-liquid systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359053.

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Abdulahi, Abolore. "Investigating the effect of liquid viscosity on two-phase gas-liquid flows." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30935/.

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Simultaneous flow of gas-liquid in pipes presents considerable challenges and difficulties due to the complexity of the two-flow mixture. Oil-gas industries need to handle highly viscous liquids, hence studying the effect of changing the fluid viscosity becomes imperative as this is typically encountered in deeper offshore exploration. This work looks at the effect of liquid viscosity on gas-liquid flows. The work was carried out using two different pipes of 67mm and 127mm internal diameter. For the experiments carried out on the 67mm diameter pipe, air and three different liquids were used with viscosities 1, 42 and 152cp. With these experiments, the effect of viscosity on the entrainment process from the Taylor bubble in a vertical tube was investigated with the Taylor bubble being held stationary in a downward liquid flow with the use of three different gas injection methods. Taylor bubble length, the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate approaching the stationary bubble were varied. In addition, the wake length below the stationary bubble was measured at different conditions of gas and liquid superficial velocities and comparison was made with the work by previous authors. Videos were taken with high speed camera to validate the measurement taken on wake lengths. A Wire Mesh Sensor system was placed at two different positions below the air injection point on the 67mm diameter pipe of the stationary bubble facility whose data acquisition provided time and cross-sectionally resolved information about spatial distribution. This information was used to generate time averaged void fraction, bubble size distribution and contour plots of the two-phase flow structure. A Probability Density Function (PDF) of void fraction can be obtained from the former, with PDFs of the wake section of the stationary bubbles showing that the flows are in the bubbly region while the PDF for the entire slug unit assumed that for a typical twin-peaked slug flow. The interpretation of this is that holding a bubble stationary can simulate real slug flow. Results on the bubble length measurement and gas loss into a bubble wake have shown good agreement with existing work by other authors. Experiments on the 127 mm diameter pipe were carried out because most published work on gas/liquid flow were on smaller diameter pipes with air and water, yet many of the industrial applications of such flows in vertical pipes are in larger diameter pipes and with liquids which are much more viscous than water. Another important parameter considered in the study is pressure because of its effect on gas density. This part of the research goes some way to rectify this lack and presents void fraction and pressure gradient data for sulphur hexafluoride with gas densities of 28 and 45 kg/m3 and oil (viscosity 35 times water). The gas and liquid superficial velocities were varied in the ranges 0.1-3 and 0.1-1 m/s respectively. The void fraction was also measured with a Wire Mesh Sensor system. Flow patterns were identified from the signatures of the Probability Density Function of cross-sectionally averaged void fraction. These showed the single peak shapes associated with bubbly and churn flow but not the twin-peaked shape usually seen in slug flow. This confirms previous work in larger diameter pipes but with less viscous liquids. For the bubble to churn flows investigated, the pressure gradients decreased with increasing superficial gas velocity. The change in pressure ultimately affects the density of gas in the two-phase flow mixture. Though there was little effect of pressure on void fraction below certain transitional flow rates, the effect became significant beyond these values. Different statistical analysis techniques such as power spectral density, probability density function, mean, standard deviation and time series of the acquired data have been used which also show the significant effect of pressure on void fraction at high gas density which have not been measured previously.

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Hand, N. P. "Gas liquid co-current flow in a horizontal pipe." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317441.

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Alamu, Mhunir Bayonle. "Investigation of periodic structures in gas-liquid flow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12228/.

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Liquid hold-up is seen to increase as liquid viscosity and fraction of gas taken off increases suggesting corresponding increase in partial separation of phases. However, effect of liquid viscosity does not become significant until a threshold is exceeded when fraction of gas taken off equals 0.40. In all cases examined, periodicity of flow structures is observed to increase as liquid viscosity increases. Considering the results of the three investigations carried out, it can be concluded that periodicity of two-phase flow structure increases as liquid viscosity increases and transition to co-current annular flow occurs at gas superficial velocity of 21 m/s.

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Wong, Lak Kin. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis on the Liquid Piston Gas Compression." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1104.

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"Liquid piston gas compression utilizes a liquid to directly compress gas. The benefit of this approach is that liquid can conform to irregular compression chamber volume. The compression chamber is divided into many small little bores in order to increases the surface area to volume ratio. The heat transfer rate increases with increasing surface area to volume ratio. However, as the bore diameter becomes smaller, the viscous force increases. In order to maximize the heat transfer rate and to minimize the viscous force, computational fluid dynamics is used. ANSYS Fluent is used to simulate the liquid piston gas compression cycle. Having created the model in Fluent, different factors, including diameter, length, liquid temperature, and the acceleration are varied in order to understand how each factor affects the heat transfer and viscous energy loss. The results show that both viscous force and heat transfer rate increase as the diameter decreases. The viscous force increases and the heat transfer decreases as the length increases. Both the viscous force and heat transfer increase as the acceleration increases. The viscous force decreases as the liquid temperature increases. Results show that the highest compression efficiency of 86.4% is found with a 3mm bore radius and a short cylinder. The piston acceleration is advised to be below 0.5g in order to avoid surface instability problem."

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Escrig, Josep. "Influence of geometrical parameters on gas-liquid intermittent flows." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47085/.

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The influence of geometrical parameters on the development of intermittent flow is studied in this thesis. The geometrical parameters considered are the diameter of the pipe, the angle of inclination of the pipe, and the distribution of the area of the gas injection. Intermittent flow in gas-liquid two-phase flows occurs when, from a fixed point, a gas dominated structure followed by a liquid dominated structure seems to repeat at a certain mean frequency. It is mainly slug flow but churn and cap bubble flow also fall into this broad category. Intermittent gas-liquid two-phase flow was investigated in a 67 mm diameter, 6 m long rig and also in a 127 mm diameter, 12 m long rig. The test section of the 67 mm rig was mounted in a steel frame supported by a pivot that allowed changing the inclination of the pipe from vertical to horizontal in steps of 15°. The 127 mm rig can only be operated in the upwards vertical position. The fluids utilised were air and silicon oil of viscosity = 5 cP and density = 0.912 kg/m3. The interfacial surface tension was measured at 0.02 N/m. The facilities were both operated at atmospheric pressure. The gas superficial velocity (Ugs) was varied from 0.17 to 2.9 m/s and liquid superficial velocity (Uls) from 0.023 to 0.47 m/s. The void fraction generated by each set of conditions was captured for 60 seconds using a Wire Mesh Sensor and a twin plane Electrical Capacitance Tomography probe. The effect of the diameter and the angle of inclination of the pipe under different gas and liquid superficial velocities was reported. The main findings can be summarised as that the velocity of the periodic structures was found to be higher in large diameter pipes and increases with increasing the angle of inclination reaching a maximum around 50° then decreases. In addition, the frequency of the gas structures was found to be higher in small diameter pipes and increases with increasing the inclination of the pipe for all the gas and liquid superficial velocities investigated. Additionally, two correlations to predict the velocity and the frequency of the periodic gas structures as a function of the diameter, the inclination of the pipe, the gas superficial velocity and the liquid superficial velocity were developed. The proposed correlations were found to not only be in excellent agreement with the present experimental results (less than 20% difference), but also in good agreement with data published by other researchers. This include data produced using different fluids, different diameters of pipe and different gas and liquid superficial velocities to the ones investigated in this work. It was also found that the gas injection area, modified using different gas-liquid mixers, do not have an influence on the development of the intermittent two-phase flows at 75 diameters axial length from the mixing point.

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Adechy, Didier. "Phase separation in annular gas-liquid flows at t-junctions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251963.

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Whitton, M. J. "Gas liquid mixing in tall vessels fitted with multiple impellers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312190.

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Rutledge, Joyce. "Design and analysis of a liquid/gas seal." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19170.

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Ellul, Ivor Raymond. "The prediction of dispersed gas-liquid flow in complex pipe geometries." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47422.

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Books on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

1

Fang, C. S. Gas and liquid flow calculations. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., Book Division, 1985.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting. Fundamentals of gas-liquid flows. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988.

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3

Maćkowiak, Jerzy. Fluid dynamics of packed columns: Principles of the fluid dynamic design of columns for gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems. Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

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4

Leeuwen, E. H. Van. Burger's equation and shock waves propagating within liquid-gas mixtures. Ascot Vale, Vic: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratories, 1985.

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Tatterson, Gary B. Fluid mixing and gas dispersionin agitated tanks. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

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Bousman, William Scott. Studies of two-phase gas-liquid flow in microgravity. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Bousman, William Scott. Studies of two-phase gas-liquid flow in microgravity. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Ghiaasiaan, Mostafa. Gas-liquid two-phase flow: Boiling and condensation in conventional, mini and micro systems. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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S, Rohatgi Upendra, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fluids Engineering Division., and Fluids Engineering Conference (1993 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Gas-liquid flows, 1993: Presented at the Fluids Engineering Conference, Washington, D.C., June 20-24, 1993. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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Roger, Prud'homme, ed. Mechanical and thermodynamical modeling of fluid interfaces. Singapore: World Scientific, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

1

Podgórska, Wioletta. "Fluid–Fluid Dispersions: Liquid–Liquid and Gas–Liquid Systems." In Multiphase Particulate Systems in Turbulent Flows, 221–355. First edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315118383-6.

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Xiuqing, Zhang. "Microgravity Liquid-Gas Interface Configuration and Surface-Tension Device Design." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 489–501. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_51.

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Lekkerkerker, Henk N. W., Remco Tuinier, and Mark Vis. "The Interface in Demixed Colloid–Polymer Dispersions." In Colloids and the Depletion Interaction, 185–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52131-7_5.

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AbstractIn Chaps. 3 and 4, the focus was on theory and experiments related to the phase behaviour of mixtures containing colloidal spheres and nonadsorbing polymers. As we have seen, when the polymer coils are sufficiently large relative to the colloidal spheres, a colloidal gas–liquid (fluid–fluid) phase separation may occur. The two phases that appear differ in composition. One phase is a dilute colloidal fluid (a colloidal ‘gas’) dispersed in a concentrated polymer solution. This phase coexists with a concentrated colloidal fluid (a colloidal ‘liquid’) dispersed in a dilute polymer solution.

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Karcz, J., and F. Strek. "Heat Transfer in Mechanically Stirred Gas — Liquid System." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 163–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7973-5_19.

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Patruno, L. E., C. A. Dorao, H. F. Svendsen, and H. A. Jakobsen. "Modelling and Simulation of Droplet Distribution from Entrained Liquid Film in Gas-Liquid Systems." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008, 787–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01273-0_104.

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Mujawar, Tarannum, and Jyotirmay Banerjee. "Validation of the Time Model in Gas–Liquid Horizontal Pipe Flow." In Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 5, 513–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6074-3_47.

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Mishra, V. P., and J. B. Joshi. "LDA Measurements of Flow in Stirred Gas-Liquid Reactors." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 217–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7973-5_25.

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Duquennoy, C., O. Lebaigue, and J. Magnaudet. "A Numerical Model of Gas-Liquid-Solid Contact Line." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 89–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0796-2_11.

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Zhang, Yidi, Xubo Cao, and Zhenzhen Li. "Interfacial Morphology of a Bubble Moving in Confined Channel Filled with Viscoelastic Fluid." In IUTAM Bookseries, 238–46. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78151-3_19.

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AbstractBubble motion in confined channels find applications ranging from carbon oxide sequestration to cardio-vascular embolism, and is ubiquitous in nature and industry. The confinement of bubbles in the channel causes the formation of a thin liquid film between gas and solid wall, whose flow field has been studied theoretically and especially for Newtonian fluids. Steadily moving bubbles in Newtonian fluids exhibits saddle shape. However, since a large amount of industrial and biological fluids are complex fluids, the motion of morphology of moving bubbles can be affected by non-Newtonian effect such as viscoelasticity. The purpose of this work is to explore the thickness distribution of liquid film between gas and solid wall during the motion of bubbles in a confined channel filled with viscoelastic fluid. In this study, bubbles are formed with flow focusing method of droplet microfluidics, bubbles move steadily through a long channel, and the film thickness is measured by an experimental method based on light interference. The relative optical interference intensity (ROII) method was used to obtain the thickness distribution of liquid film by analyzing the fringes. The thickness distribution of the liquid film within the bubble’s reference frame exhibits a different pattern compared to that in Newtonian fluids, and the symmetry of the spherical bubble is violated. This study provides experimental data for theoretical and computational research on bubble dynamics in confined channels.

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Schwabe, D., U. Moeller, J. Schneider, and A. Scharmann. "Surface Waves in a Free Liquid-Gas Interface by Oscillatory Marangoni Convection." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 213–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

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Wei, N., Y. F. Meng, Y. Q. Li, X. Y. Chen, Y. J. Li, L. P. Wan, W. B. Liu, Jiachun Li, and Song Fu. "Continuous Liquid Lifting Experiment for the Gas Well with High Gas-liquid Ratio." In RECENT PROGRESSES IN FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH: Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on Fluid Mechanics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3651989.

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Antar, Basil. "Gas-liquid, two phase flow dynamics in low gravity." In Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2049.

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Hirsa, A., J. Gayton, G. Korenowski, J. Lopez, J. Chen, A. Hirsa, J. Gayton, G. Korenowski, J. Lopez, and J. Chen. "Hydrodynamic coupling of surfactant-influenced gas/liquid interfaces." In 28th Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2057.

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Yabe, Takashi, Yan Zhang, and Feng Xiao. "Strategy for unified solution of solid, liquid, gas and plasmas." In 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3509.

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Porter, Kyle, Eduardo Pereyra, Jose Mesa, and Cem Sarica. "Fluid-Pipe Interaction in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210424-ms.

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Abstract In recent years, internal, two-phase, flow-induced vibration (FIV) has received elevated attention in various fields while assessing piping system fatigue life. Regarding the oil and gas industry, in particular, assessing FIV impact is essential for ensuring the integrity of flow lines, both onshore and offshore. This study conducted a series of experimental tests at various superficial gas and liquid velocities to investigate the effects of flow parameters on the structural dynamics of a horizontal 6-inch ID polycarbonate test section. The relationship between flow characteristics and the structural response was examined in detail. A novel methodology was developed and implemented to achieve non-intrusive, simultaneous measurement of pipe motion and liquid distribution. The presented results reveal that downward deflection generally decreased with increasing superficial gas velocity and increased with increasing superficial liquid velocity. It was also found that as superficial gas velocity increased, the range of frequencies experienced by the test section increased, with increased participation from higher frequencies in the range. Film and slug body liquid holdups are strongly related to the observed deflection amplitudes.

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Binyuan Wang, Jin Jiang, Wanshuang Yi, and Honggui Cheng. "Gas-liquid two phase transient analysis of scramjet fuel supply system." In 2014 ISFMFE - 6th International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1257.

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Hosangadi, A., N. Sinha, S. Dash, A. Hosangadi, N. Sinha, and S. Dash. "A unified hyperbolic interface capturing scheme for gas-liquid flows." In 13th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2081.

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Antar, Basil, and Dale Kornfeld. "Gas/liquid flows during low-gravity fluid handling procedures." In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-502.

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Tirandazi, Pooyan, and Carlos H. Hidrovo. "Video: Liquid-in-Gas Droplet Generation and Manipulation." In 69th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2016.gfm.v0090.

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Gebouský, O., and J. Haidl. "Summary of the Liquid-Gas Ejector Hydraulic Behavior - Theory and Practice." In Topical Problems of Fluid Mechanics 2023. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; CTU in Prague Faculty of Mech. Engineering Dept. Tech. Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tpfm.2023.005.

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Liquid-gas ejectors (LGEs) are fascinating devices that use the kinetic energy of the liquid jet to entrain and eventually compress the gas. LGEs find applications in both industry and everyday life, e.g., as sprayers. However, a complex and reliable method for LGE design was not available in the open literature until recently. This contribution follows up on our recent works about the hydraulic behavior of LGE with undisturbed and destabilized liquid jets. This paper aims to summarize the device’s complicated hydraulics and characterize its optimal design for three industrially relevant applications - (a) LGE as the vacuum pump, (b) LGE as the gas purification equipment, and (c) LGE as the gas distributor for bioreactors.

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Reports on the topic "Fluid (gas and liquid)"

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Liu, D., and T. de Bruin. New technology for fluid dynamic measurements in gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow reactors. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304508.

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Ratigan. L52293 Brine String Integrity Survey and Model Evaluation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010206.

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Brine strings are essential components of both natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon storage caverns. Both the natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon storage industries are well aware that a limit exists for the fluid velocity in the injection tubulars in their storage caverns. If the brine injection or brine withdrawal velocity is gradually increased, eventually, the hanging tubular will experience flow-induced vibration, resulting in the potential for the hanging tubulars to bend and/or break. Additionally, in both types of hydrocarbon storage, salt falls can impact the brine string integrity.Result: The magnitude of the velocity limit for flow-induced vibration of the hanging tubulars in salt caverns is not known. In the absence of a clearly defined method for determining the maximum allowable fluid velocities in the hanging tubulars, much of industry has attempted to adopt a conservative maximum flow velocity based on "industry experience". Sometimes this works and sometimes it does not. The objective of this project is to better define the causes of brine string failure and failure mitigation technologies. The project (1) compiled case histories of successful brine string installations as well as brine string failures in solution mining, liquid hydrocarbon storage, and gas cavern dewatering; (2) evaluated case histories with models (proposed in the literature) for brine strings that have not failed as well as brine strings that have experienced failure; and (3) developed recommendations for maximizing brine string integrity.

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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.

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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types and viscosities. Laboratory simulations of leakage were carried out for the most viscous product (i.e. dilbit) in order to capture plume dispersion in semi-real time, and to allow numerical predictions to be assessed against experimental data. Direct comparisons between observed plume dimensions over time and numerically predicted behavior suggested a good match under low moisture conditions, providing confidence that the numerical simulation was sufficiently reliable to model field-scale applications. Following a simulated two year initialization period, the leakage of products, their associated gas phase migration, thermal and geomechanical effects were simulated for a period of 365 days. Comparisons between product leakage rate, product type and soil moisture content were made and the spatial impacts of leakage were summarized. Variably compacted backfill within the trench, surrounded by undisturbed and more compacted natural soils, results porosity and permeability differences which control the migration of liquids, gases, thermal effects and surface heave. Dilbit migration is influenced heavily by the trench, and also its increasing viscosity as it cools and degases after leakage. Diesel and gasoline liquid plumes are also affected by the trench structure, but to a lesser extent, resulting in wider and longer plumes in the subsurface. In all cases, the migration of liquids and gases is facilitated by higher permeability zones at the base of the pipe. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) migrate along the trench and break through at the surface within days of the leak. Temperature changes within the trench may increase due liquid migration, however the change in predicted temperature at the surface above the leak is less than 0.5�C above background. For gasoline, the large amount of degassing and diffusion through the soil results in cooling of the soil by up to 1�C. Induced surface displacement was predicted for dilbit and for one case of diesel, but only in the order of 0.2cm above baseline. Based upon the information gathered, recommendations are provided for the use and placement of generic leak detection sensor types (e.g liquid, gas, thermal, displacement) within the trench and / or above the ground surface. The monitoring locations suggested take into account requirements to detect pipeline leakage as early as possible in order to facilitate notification of the operator and to predict the potential extent of site characterization required during spill response and longer term remediation activities.

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Rimpel, Aaron. PR-316-17200-R03 A Study of the Effects of Liquid Contamination on Seal Performance. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012015.

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This project is a continuation of research to enhance dry gas seal (DGS) reliability. Previous work reviewed failures from literature and experience of manufacturers and end-users and identified that liquid contamination was the most common cause, but it was concluded there was insufficient quantitative data to base recommendations on for further DGS reliability enhancements. Therefore, experimental and analytical investigations were pursued to fill the void. The ultimate objective was to be able to predict DGS failures due to liquid contamination, which could lead to greater DGS reliability through improvements in design, instrumentation, and monitoring. From the previous project phase, testing had demonstrated that the introduction of small quantities of oil (liquid mass fraction up to 3%) produced a slight increase in torque but impacts on temperatures and leakage were negligible. Previous simulations demonstrated converged two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with conjugate heat transfer (CHT) solutions of the seal and reasonable trends, but the agreement with test data was lower than desired. The current project phase made significant improvements to the single- and two-phase CFD simulation of the DGS, lowering the discrepancy of all previously reported performance parameters. The current simulations were performed only at the 700 psi supply pressure case. Ideal gas was used, and CHT coupling was used to predict temperatures of the primary ring. The previous wall thermal boundary conditions were not well understood, so the current work focused on establishing performance with adiabatic walls.

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Johnson. L51582 Scaling of Multiphase Pipe Flow Behavior at High Gas Density. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010628.

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This report contains data that demonstrates the scaling of flow regime, pressure drop, and holdup multiphase flow with pipe diameter. In addition, entrance length effects, the onset of liquid entrainment, and interfacial shear modeling at high gas density were studied for purposes of validating multiphase flow design methods. Stratified, slug and annual flow regimes were observed in a 112-foot long 3.5-inch diameter test section. Air, freon, and water were used to represent pipeline fluids.

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Rimpel, Aaron, Abhay Patil, and Mark Anguiano. PR-316-21201-R01 A Study of the Effects of Liquid Contamination on Seal Performance. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012229.

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This project is a continuation of research to enhance dry gas seal (DGS) reliability. Previous work reviewed failures from literature and experience of manufacturers and end-users and identified that liquid contamination was the most common cause, but it was concluded there was insufficient quantitative data to base recommendations on for further DGS reliability enhancements. Therefore, experimental and analytical investigations were pursued to fill the void. The ultimate objective was to be able to predict DGS failures due to liquid contamination, which could lead to greater DGS reliability through improvements in design, instrumentation, and monitoring. The current project phase had objectives with simulations and testing. Simulations were extended to the all other pressure conditions for further validation of the modeling assumptions. The improved simulation methodology was subsequently used to predict a condition that suggests a potential failure mode using a one-way fluid-structure interaction simulation. This resulted in a prediction that a liquid mass fraction of 4% would cause a 50% relative reduction of the seal film clearance, which was the chosen test condition to perform the validation. Testing up to three times this target value was agreed upon as the maximum concentration to perform the testing at a maximum duration of 8 minutes. This would be invoked to test more aggressively in case signs of failure were not observed. PRCI and GMRC co-funded this project.

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Jacques, I. J., A. J. Anderson, and S. G. Nielsen. The geochemistry of thallium and its isotopes in rare-element pegmatites. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328983.

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The Tl isotopic and trace element composition of K-feldspar, mica, pollucite and pyrite from 13 niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF)-type and 14 lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT)-type rare-element pegmatites was investigated. In general, the epsilon-205Tl values for K-feldspar in NYF- and LCT-type pegmatites increases with increasing magmatic fractionation. Both NYF and LCT pegmatites display a wide range in epsilon-205Tl (-4.25 to 9.41), which complicates attempts to characterize source reservoirs. We suggest 205Tl-enrichment during pegmatite crystallization occurs as Tl partitions between the residual melt and a coexisting aqueous fluid or flux-rich silicate liquid. Preferential association of 205Tl with Cl in the immiscible aqueous fluid may influence the isotopic character of the growing pegmatite minerals. Subsolidus alteration of K-feldspar by aqueous fluids, as indicated by the redistribution of Cs in K-feldspar, resulted in epsilon-205Tl values below the crustal average (-2.0 epsilon-205Tl). Such low epsilon-205Tl values in K-feldspar is attributed to preferential removal and transport of 205Tl by Cl-bearing fluids during dissolution and reprecipitation. The combination of thallium isotope and trace element data may be used to examine late-stage processes related to rare-element mineralization in some pegmatites. High epsilon-205Tl and Ga in late-stage muscovite appears to be a favorable indicator of rare-element enrichment LCT pegmatites and may be a useful exploration vector.

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Cunningham and Wilcox. PR-015-12205-R01 Technology Challenges for Liquid CO2 Pump Stations. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010023.

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As a result of proposed new climate change legislation requiring carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, there has been increased interest in the development of carbon capture technology worldwide. CCS aims to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by capturing it from the emissions of large producers and storing it underground. One often overlooked component of the CCS process is the transmission of captured CO2 to sequestration sites. This anthropogenic, or man-made, CO2 presents unique challenges to transportation because of the inclusion of impurities such as water (H2O), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2), and Methane (CH4). These impurities cause changes in the properties of the CO2 stream and complicate the design of pipelines. Pure CO2 pipelines for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) have a long history of operation in North America, but this technology must be adapted to anthropogenic CO2 uses. Other technologies can potentially be adapted from the oil and gas industry. There are still challenges to be addressed, however, before anthropogenic CO2 pipeline technology can be considered mature. The objective of this project is to pinpoint areas of CO2 pipeline technology that still require development related to anthropogenic CO2 pump stations and their operation when transporting CO2 as a dense phase or supercritical fluid. This report focuses on identifying these challenges and providing a research roadmap to guide the development of anthropogenic CO2 technology to maturity. This project identified key technology challenges related to the gas properties, equipment, and operation of anthropogenic CO2 pipeline pump stations. Through an extensive literature review, interviews with industry professionals, and input from the PRCI committee, a list of relevant technology challenges was developed. The technologies were then ranked the level of development of these challenges using the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale to identify technologies in need of significant development. This report addresses the progress of technologies determined to have a low TRL level of development.

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Kingston, A. W., A. Mort, C. Deblonde, and O H Ardakani. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329797.

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The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir with significant reserves of hydrocarbon gases and liquids making it of great economic importance to Canada. However, high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been encountered during exploration and development that have detrimental effects on environmental, health, and economics of production. H2S is a highly toxic and corrosive gas and therefore it is essential to understand the distribution of H2S within the basin in order to enhance identification of areas with a high risk of encountering elevated H2S concentrations in order to mitigate against potential negative impacts. Gas composition data from Montney wells is routinely collected by operators for submission to provincial regulators and is publicly available. We have combined data from Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC) to create a basin-wide database of Montney H2S concentrations. We then used an iterative quality control and quality assurance process to produce a dataset that best represents gas composition in reservoir fluids. This included: 1) designating gas source formation based on directional surveys using a newly developed basin-wide 3D model incorporating AGS's Montney model of Alberta with a model in BC, which removes errors associated with reported formations; 2) removed injection and disposal wells; 3) assessed wells with the 50 highest H2S concentrations to determine if gas composition data is accurate and reflective of reservoir fluid chemistry; and 4) evaluated spatially isolated extreme values to ensure data accuracy and prevent isolated highs from negatively impacting data interpolation. The resulting dataset was then used to calculate statistics for each x, y location to input into the interpolation process. Three interpolations were constructed based on the associated phase classification: H2S in gas, H2S in liquid (C7+), and aqueous H2S. We used Empirical Bayesian Kriging interpolation to generate H2S distribution maps along with a series of model uncertainty maps. These interpolations illustrate that H2S is heterogeneously distributed across the Montney basin. In general, higher concentrations are found in AB compared with BC with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie region along with several other isolated region in the southeastern portion of the basin. The interpolations of H2S associated with different phases show broad similarities. Future mapping research will focus on subdividing intra-Montney sub-members plus under- and overlying strata to further our understanding of the role migration plays in H2S distribution within the Montney basin.

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Peterson, Warren. PR-663-20208-Z01 CO2e Economic Analysis Tool. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012079.

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The CO2e Economic Analysis Tool (CEAT) is a spreadsheet-based application for comparing project alternatives that are sensitive to GHG emission rates, emission levies or other financial parameters. The tool is applicable to hydrocarbon transportation systems, with an emphasis on natural gas transmission. CEAT provides a comparative forecast of benefits and expenses (including levies) from initial cash flow to arrival at the forecast horizon. Along with financial forecasting functions, the tool estimates the emissions associated with a wide range of hydrocarbon fluids (gas and liquid), electricity, thermal energy, and upstream transportation. The forecast model provides flexible configuration of CAPEX and O and M expenses and a customizable levy structure. The tool is Excel-based and requires version 16 or newer.

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