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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluid imaging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

McInally, A. T., T. Redondo-López, J. Garnham, et al. "Optimizing 4D fluid imaging." Petroleum Geoscience 9, no. 1 (2003): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079302-537.

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2

Manyam, Bala V., Mohit H. Bhatt, William D. Moore, Allen B. Devleschoward, Darrel R. Anderson, and Donald B. Calne. "Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis: Cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and electrophysiological studies." Annals of Neurology 31, no. 4 (1992): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410310406.

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3

Bathla, Girish, and Toshio Moritani. "Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 37, no. 2 (2016): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2015.12.002.

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4

Hide, I. G. "Fluid levels in medical imaging." Clinical Radiology 62, no. 12 (2007): 1216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2007.05.010.

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5

Hofmann, Erich, Robert Behr, and Konrad Schwager. "Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks*." Clinical Neuroradiology 19, no. 2 (2009): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00062-009-9008-x.

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6

Galley, Christopher G., John W. Jamieson, Peter G. Lelièvre, Colin G. Farquharson, and John M. Parianos. "Magnetic imaging of subseafloor hydrothermal fluid circulation pathways." Science Advances 6, no. 44 (2020): eabc6844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc6844.

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Hydrothermal fluid circulation beneath the seafloor is an important process for chemical and heat transfer between the solid Earth and overlying oceans. Discharge of hydrothermal fluids at the seafloor supports unique biological communities and can produce potentially valuable mineral deposits. Our understanding of the scale and geometry of subseafloor hydrothermal circulation has been limited to numerical simulations and their manifestations on the seafloor. Here, we use magnetic inverse modeling to generate the first three-dimensional empirical model of a hydrothermal convection system. High-temperature fluid-rock reactions associated with fluid circulation destroy magnetic minerals in the Earth’s crust, thus allowing magnetic models to trace the fluid’s pathways through the seafloor. We present an application of this modeling at a hydrothermally active region of the East Manus Basin.

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7

Cowan, Nelson. "Within fluid cognition: Fluid processing and fluid storage?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 2 (2006): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06269036.

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Blair describes fluid cognition as highly related to working memory and executive processes, and dependent on the integrity of frontal-lobe functioning. However, the literature review appears to neglect potential contributions to fluid cognition of the focus of attention as an important information-storage device, and the role of posterior brain regions in that kind of storage. Relevant cognitive and imaging studies are discussed.

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8

Yoda, Minami. "Super-Resolution Imaging in Fluid Mechanics Using New Illumination Approaches." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 52, no. 1 (2020): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060059.

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Quantifying submillimeter flows using optical diagnostic techniques is often limited by a lack of spatial resolution and optical access. This review discusses two super-resolution imaging techniques, structured illumination microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence or microscopy, which can visualize bulk and interfacial flows, respectively, at spatial resolutions below the classic diffraction limits. First, we discuss the theory and applications of structured illumination for optical sectioning, i.e., imaging a thin slice of a flow illuminated over its entire volume. Structured illumination can be used to visualize the interior of multiphase flows such as sprays by greatly reducing secondary scattering. Second, the theory underlying evanescent waves is introduced, followed by a review of how total internal reflection microscopy has been used to visualize interfacial flows over the last 15 years. Both techniques, which are starting to be used in fluid mechanics, could significantly improve quantitative imaging of microscale and macroscale flows.

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9

Newling, B., S. J. Gibbs, J. A. Derbyshire, et al. "Comparisons of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Velocimetry With Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 1 (1997): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819094.

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The flow of Newtonian liquids through a pipe system comprising of a series of abrupt expansions and contractions has been studied using several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, and also by computational fluid dynamics. Agreement between those results validates the assumptions inherent to the computational calculation and gives confidence to extend the work to more complex geometries and more complex fluids, wherein the advantages of MRI (utility in opaque fluids and noninvasiveness) are unique. The fluid in the expansion-contraction system exhibits a broad distribution of velocities and, therefore, presents peculiar challenges to the measurement technique. The MRI protocols employed were a two-dimensional tagging technique, for rapid flow field visualisation, and three-dimensional echo-planar and gradient-echo techniques, for flow field quantification (velocimetry). The Computational work was performed using the FIDAP package to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The particular choice of parameters for both MRI and computational fluid dynamics, which affect the results and their agreement, have been addressed.

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10

Abrahams, JJ, M. Lidov, and C. Artiles. "MR imaging of intracranial fluid levels." American Journal of Roentgenology 153, no. 3 (1989): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.153.3.597.

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11

Tatemichi, Nobuhiro, Hiroshi Tanizaki, Syouji Makabe, and Kazumasa Yagi. "164. Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Imaging." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 49, no. 8 (1993): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003324752.

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12

Vemuri, NagaV, LakshmiS P. Karanam, Venkatesh Manchikanti, Srinivas Dandamudi, SampathK Puvvada, and VineetK Vemuri. "Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 27, no. 4 (2017): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijri.ijri_380_16.

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13

Zelenka, Robert, and Thomas C. Moore. "IMAGING PROBE HOUSING WITH FLUID FLUSHING." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 5 (2012): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4767711.

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14

Bangerter, Neal K., Brian A. Hargreaves, Garry E. Gold, Daniel T. Stucker, and Dwight G. Nishimura. "Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery SSFP imaging." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 24, no. 6 (2006): 1426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20743.

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15

Terrier, François, Didier Revel, Hannu Pajannen, Michael Richardson, Hedwig Hricak, and Charles B. Higgins. "MR Imaging of Body Fluid Collections." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 10, no. 6 (1986): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198611000-00011.

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16

Roesgen, T., A. Lang, and M. Gharib. "Fluid surface imaging using microlens arrays." Experiments in Fluids 25, no. 2 (1998): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050216.

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17

Gupta, Amit, Jonathan Pierce, Kaustav Bera, Elias G. Kikano, Neal Shah, and Robert C. Gilkeson. "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Cardiovascular Imaging." Advances in Clinical Radiology 3 (September 2021): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yacr.2021.04.013.

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18

Araújo, Juliana B., and Mark L. Brusseau. "Novel fluid–fluid interface domains in geologic media." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 21, no. 1 (2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8em00343b.

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High-resolution microtomographic imaging revealed the presence of fluid–fluid interfaces associated with physical heterogeneities such as pits and crevices present on the surfaces of natural porous media.

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19

Manzini, M., PE Crisi, F. Del Signore, et al. "Post-traumatic urinoma in two cats: Imaging diagnosis." Veterinární Medicína 65, No. 6 (2020): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/179/2019-vetmed.

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A urinoma is a collection of urine surrounded by a fibrotic wall and, in the veterinary medicine, this condition is rarely reported. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and therapeutic features of two cats with post traumatic urinomas, with particular attention paid to the imaging findings. In both patients, well-defined anechoic fluid collections in the retroperitoneal space were identified by ultrasound examinations and the laboratory tests suggested the urinous nature of the fluid. With excretory urography, the only relevant findings revealed were the abdominal and retroperitoneal loss of detail, whereas the combination of multiple techniques in Case 1 and the delayed study in Case 2, detected contrast leakage and fluid collections in the retroperitoneal space. Both patients fully recovered after either surgical or conservative treatments. In conclusion, different imaging modalities have been helpful to properly diagnose urinomas in cats and especially combined and/or delayed studies were of paramount importance for the final diagnosis.

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20

Xiong, Jinhui, Ramzi Idoughi, Andres A. Aguirre-Pablo, et al. "Rainbow particle imaging velocimetry for dense 3D fluid velocity imaging." ACM Transactions on Graphics 36, no. 4 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073662.

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21

Schmatz, Joyce, Janos L. Urai, Steffen Berg, and Holger Ott. "Nanoscale imaging of pore-scale fluid-fluid-solid contacts in sandstone." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 7 (2015): 2189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063354.

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22

Soyer, P., D. A. Bluemke, E. K. Fishman, and R. Rymer. "Fluid–fluid levels within focal hepatic lesions: imaging appearance and etiology." Abdominal Imaging 23, no. 2 (1998): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900312.

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23

Commer, Michael, Steven R. Pride, Donald W. Vasco, Stefan Finsterle, and Michael B. Kowalsky. "Imaging of a fluid injection process using geophysical data — A didactic example." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (2020): W1—W16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0787.1.

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In many subsurface industrial applications, fluids are injected into or withdrawn from a geologic formation. It is of practical interest to quantify precisely where, when, and by how much the injected fluid alters the state of the subsurface. Routine geophysical monitoring of such processes attempts to image the way that geophysical properties, such as seismic velocities or electrical conductivity, change through time and space and to then make qualitative inferences as to where the injected fluid has migrated. The more rigorous formulation of the time-lapse geophysical inverse problem forecasts how the subsurface evolves during the course of a fluid-injection application. Using time-lapse geophysical signals as the data to be matched, the model unknowns to be estimated are the multiphysics forward-modeling parameters controlling the fluid-injection process. Properly reproducing the geophysical signature of the flow process, subsequent simulations can predict the fluid migration and alteration in the subsurface. The dynamic nature of fluid-injection processes renders imaging problems more complex than conventional geophysical imaging for static targets. This work intents to clarify the related hydrogeophysical parameter estimation concepts.

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24

Bladt, O., P. Demaerel, F. Catry, I. Van Breuseghem, F. Ballaux, and I. Samson. "Multiple vertebral fluid-fluid levels." Skeletal Radiology 33, no. 11 (2004): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-004-0819-1.

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25

Watanabe, Yasunori, Jun Sakai, Yuta Mitobe, and Yasuo Niida. "BIOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING FOR MEASURING FLUID SHEAR DISTRUBUTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.31.

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The dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula emits light in response to water motion. The statistical features of the bioluminescence, emitted by P. lunula, owing to shear stress in oscillatory boundary layer flows over ripped bed were studied in this paper with the aim to develop a new imaging technique for measuring fluid strain rate and shear using plankton that emit light in response to mechanical stimulation. The flash intensity has been found to correlate with fluid strain rate estimated from fluid velocity over ripples. Thus the instantaneous planar distribution of the fluid shear can be estimated from video images of the bioluminescence in a fluid region by using the empirical relation determined in this study.

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26

WATANABE, Yasunori, Yasufumi TOMITA, and Jun SAKAI. "Bioluminescence Imaging Measurements of Impact Fluid Pressure." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 65, no. 1 (2009): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.65.831.

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27

Reddy, Mahati, and Kristen Baugnon. "Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea and Otorrhea." Radiologic Clinics of North America 55, no. 1 (2017): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.005.

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28

Zeun, Paul, Rachael I. Scahill, Sarah J. Tabrizi, and Edward J. Wild. "Fluid and imaging biomarkers for Huntington's disease." Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 97 (June 2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2019.02.004.

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29

Meeter, Lieke H., Laura Donker Kaat, Jonathan D. Rohrer, and John C. van Swieten. "Imaging and fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia." Nature Reviews Neurology 13, no. 7 (2017): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.75.

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30

Adrian, Ronald J. "Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 23, no. 1 (1991): 261–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401.

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31

Magnano, Christopher, Claudiu Schirda, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, et al. "Cine cerebrospinal fluid imaging in multiple sclerosis." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 36, no. 4 (2012): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23730.

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32

Hennig, J., H. Friedburg, and D. Ott. "Fast three-dimensional imaging of cerebrospinal fluid." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 5, no. 4 (1987): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910050411.

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33

Wall, Susan D., Hedvig Hricak, George D. Bailey, Robert K. Kerlan, Henry I. Goldberg, and Charles B. Higgins. "MR Imaging of Pathologic Abdominal Fluid Collections." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 10, no. 5 (1986): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198609000-00006.

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34

Kraft, K. A., P. P. Fatouros, D. Y. Fei, S. E. Rittgers, and P. R. S. Kishore. "MR imaging of model fluid velocity profiles." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 7, no. 1 (1989): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(89)90326-3.

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35

Davies, S., A. Hardwick, K. Spowage, and K. J. Packer. "Fluid velocity imaging of reservoir core samples." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 2 (1994): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)91533-4.

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36

Kocijančič, I., K. Kocijančič, and T. Čufer. "Imaging of pleural fluid in healthy individuals." Clinical Radiology 59, no. 9 (2004): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2004.01.017.

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37

Gallego, J. C. "Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging of hemichorea." Neuroradiology 45, no. 10 (2003): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-003-1025-x.

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38

Okabe, Hitoshi, Motohiro Kiyosawa, Katsuyoshi Mizuno, Susumu Yamada, and Kenji Yamada. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Subretinal Fluid." American Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 5 (1986): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(86)90538-6.

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39

Huang, Brendan K., and Michael A. Choma. "Microscale imaging of cilia-driven fluid flow." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 72, no. 6 (2014): 1095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1784-z.

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40

Schoffer, Kerrie L., Timothy J. Benstead, and Ian Grant. "Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in the Absence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 29, no. 3 (2002): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002031.

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Background:Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a neurologic syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by features of low cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pressure, postural headache and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities.Methods:Four symptomatic cases of SIH presented to our institution over a six-month period. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed in all four cases. Diagnostic lumbar puncture was done in all except one case.Results:All of the patients on whom lumbar punctures were performed demonstrated low CSF pressure and CSF protein elevation with negative cultures and cytology. Three out of the four patients exhibited MRI findings of diffuse spinal and intracranial pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement and extradural or subdural fluid collections. One patient had no MRI abnormalities despite prominent postural headache and reduced CSF pressure at lumbar puncture. All patients recovered with intravenous fluids and conservative treatment.Conclusion:Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are found in most, but not all patients, with SIH. Cerebral spinal fluid abnormalities can be detected even in patients with normal MRI studies. It is important to recognize the variability of imaging results in this usually benign disorder.

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41

Lyon, R. D., and H. P. McAdams. "Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst: demonstration of a fluid-fluid level at MR imaging." Radiology 186, no. 2 (1993): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.186.2.8421745.

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42

Maas, EJ, JG Craig, PK Swisher, MB Amin, and N. Marcus. "Fluid-fluid levels in a simple bone cyst on magnetic resonance imaging." Australasian Radiology 42, no. 3 (1998): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1998.tb00516.x.

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43

Kaestner, Anders P., Pavel Trtik, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, et al. "Recent developments in neutron imaging with applications for porous media research." Solid Earth 7, no. 5 (2016): 1281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1281-2016.

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Abstract. Computed tomography has become a routine method for probing processes in porous media, and the use of neutron imaging is especially suited to the study of the dynamics of hydrogenous fluids, and of fluids in a high-density matrix. In this paper we give an overview of recent developments in both instrumentation and methodology at the neutron imaging facilities NEUTRA and ICON at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Increased acquisition rates coupled to new reconstruction techniques improve the information output for fewer projection data, which leads to higher volume acquisition rates. Together, these developments yield significantly higher spatial and temporal resolutions, making it possible to capture finer details in the spatial distribution of the fluid, and to increase the acquisition rate of 3-D CT volumes. The ability to add a second imaging modality, e.g., X-ray tomography, further enhances the feature and process information that can be collected, and these features are ideal for dynamic experiments of fluid distribution in porous media. We demonstrate the performance for a selection of experiments carried out at our neutron imaging instruments.

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44

Zhou, Xiaowei, and Peter R. Hoskins. "Testing a new surfactant in a widely-used blood mimic for ultrasound flow imaging." Ultrasound 25, no. 4 (2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x17733299.

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Background A blood-mimicking fluid developed by Ramnarine et al. has been widely used in flow phantoms for ultrasound flow imaging research, and it has also been cited by IEC 61685 as a reference for making blood-mimicking fluid.However, the surfactant material Synperonic N in this blood-mimicking fluid recipe is phased out from the European market due to environmental issues. The aim of this study is to test whether Synperonic N can be substituted by biodegradable Synperonic A7 in making blood-mimicking fluid for ultrasound flow imaging research. Methods and materials A flow phantom was fabricated to test the blood-mimicking fluid with Synperonic N and Synperonic A7 as surfactants separately. Doppler images and velocity data were collected using a clinical ultrasound scanner under constant and pulsatile flows; and images and measured velocities were compared. Results It was found that both blood mimics can provide exactly the same images under spectral Doppler ultrasound and colour Doppler ultrasound in terms of their image qualities. The maximum velocities under constant flow were measured by the spectral Doppler ultrasound as 0.4714 ± 0.001 m.s−1 and 0.4644 ± 0.001 m.s−1 for blood-mimicking fluid with Synperonic N and blood-mimicking fluid with Synperonic A7, respectively. Measured velocities using the two different blood-mimicking fluids were statistically different ( p < 0.001), but this difference was less than 2%. The Synperonic A7 can be used as a substitute for Synperonic N as a surfactant material in making the blood-mimicking fluid for ultrasound flow imaging research.

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45

Alotaibi, Mohammed O. S., Kamaldine Oudjhane, and Mutaz Alnassar. "Fluid Levels in Pediatric Imaging: A Pictorial Review." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 62, no. 4 (2011): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.04.014.

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Fluid levels appearances are not uncommon findings in different diagnostic modalities including radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The significance of such signs varies according to the involved sites and the clinical settings. Familiarity with their imaging features and their diagnostic value as well as their clinical implication are of paramount importance for the radiologist and the clinician. We aim to review a spectrum of examples of fluid levels encountered with different modalities in paediatric imaging and discuss their appearances and clinical significances.

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46

Schneider, Marc H., Patrick Tabeling, Fadhel Rezgui, Martin G. Lüling, and Aurelien Daynes. "Novel microscopic imager instrument for rock and fluid imaging." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (2009): E251—E262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3261801.

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Core analysis from reservoir rock plays an important role in oil and gas exploration as it can provide a large number of rock properties. Some of these rock properties can be extracted by image analysis of microscopic rock images in the visible light range. Such properties include the size, shape, and distribution of pores and grains, or more generally the texture, mineral distribution, and so on. A novel laboratory instrument and method allows for easy and reliable core imaging. This method is applicable even when the core sample is in poor shape. The capabilities of this technique can be verified by core images, image interpretation, and dynamic measurements of rock samples during flooding. A microscopic imager instrument is operated in video acquisition mode and can measure additional properties, such as fluid mobility, by detecting the emergence of injected fluids across the core sample.

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47

Arakia, Yutaka, Ryuichiro Ashikaga, Koichi Fujii, Yasumasa Nishimura, Jun Ueda, and Norihiko Fujita. "MR fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging as routine brain T2-weighted imaging." European Journal of Radiology 32, no. 2 (1999): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0720-048x(98)00158-2.

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48

Grey, A. C., D. C. Mangham, A. M. Davies, and R. J. Grimer. "Fluid-fluid level in an intraosseous ganglion." Skeletal Radiology 26, no. 11 (1997): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050308.

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49

Meldolesi, Jacopo. "News about the Role of Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases." Biomedicines 9, no. 3 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030252.

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Biomarkers are molecules that are variable in their origin, nature, and mechanism of action; they are of great relevance in biology and also in medicine because of their specific connection with a single or several diseases. Biomarkers are of two types, which in some cases are operative with each other. Fluid biomarkers, started around 2000, are generated in fluid from specific proteins/peptides and miRNAs accumulated within two extracellular fluids, either the central spinal fluid or blood plasma. The switch of these proteins/peptides and miRNAs, from free to segregated within extracellular vesicles, has induced certain advantages including higher levels within fluids and lower operative expenses. Imaging biomarkers, started around 2004, are identified in vivo upon their binding by radiolabeled molecules subsequently revealed in the brain by positron emission tomography and/or other imaging techniques. A positive point for the latter approach is the quantitation of results, but expenses are much higher. At present, both types of biomarker are being extensively employed to study Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, investigated from the presymptomatic to mature stages. In conclusion, biomarkers have revolutionized scientific and medical research and practice. Diagnosis, which is often inadequate when based on medical criteria only, has been recently improved by the multiplicity and specificity of biomarkers. Analogous results have been obtained for prognosis. In contrast, improvement of therapy has been limited or fully absent, especially for Alzheimer’s in which progress has been inadequate. An urgent need at hand is therefore the progress of a new drug trial design together with patient management in clinical practice.

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50

Federau, Christian, Soren Christensen, Michael Mlynash, et al. "Comparison of stroke volume evolution on diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery following endovascular thrombectomy." International Journal of Stroke 12, no. 5 (2016): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493016677985.

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Abstract:

Background To compare the evolution of the infarct lesion volume on both diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery in the first five days after endovascular thrombectomy. Methods We included 109 patients from the CRISP and DEFUSE 2 studies. Stroke lesion volumes obtained on diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images both early post-procedure (median 18 h after symptom onset) and day 5, were compared using median, interquartile range, and correlation plots. Patients were dichotomized based on the time after symptom onset of their post procedure images (≥18 h vs. <18 h), and the degree of reperfusion (on Tmax>6 s; ≥ 90% vs. < 90%). Results Early post-procedure, median infarct lesion volume was 19 ml [(IQR) 7–43] on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and 23 ml [11–64] on diffusion-weighted imaging. On day 5, median infarct lesion volume was 52 ml [20–118] on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and 37 ml [16–91] on diffusion-weighted imaging. Infarct lesion volume on early post-procedure diffusion-weighted imaging, compared to fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, correlated better with day 5 diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions (r = 0.88 and 0.88 vs. 0.78 and 0.77; p < 0.0001). Median lesion growth was significantly smaller on diffusion-weighted imaging when the early post-procedure scan was obtained ≥18 h post stroke onset (5 ml [−1–13]), compared to <18 h (13 ml [2–47]; p = 0.03), but was not significantly different on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (≥18 h: 26 ml [12–57]; <18 h: 21 ml [5–57]; p = 0.65). In the <90% reperfused group, the median infarct growth was significantly larger for diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (diffusion-weighted imaging: 23 ml [8–57], fluid-attenuated inversion recovery: 41 ml [13–104]) compared to ≥90% (diffusion-weighted imaging: 6 ml [2–24]; p = 0.003, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery: 19 ml [8–46]; p = 0.001). Conclusions Early post-procedure lesion volume on diffusion-weighted imaging is a better estimate of day 5 infarct volume than fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. However, both early post-procedure diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery underestimate day 5 diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion volumes, especially in patients who do not reperfuse.

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