Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

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Poutiainen, Matti. "Evolution of a metamorphic fluid during progressive metamorphism in the Joroinen-Sulkava area, southeastern Finland, as indicated by fluid inclusions." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 375 (June 1990): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.375.07.

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AbstractFluid inclusions in the progressively metamorphosed rocks of the Joroinen-Sulkava area, located in the south-eastern end of the Raahe-Ladoga zone near the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary, southeastern Finland, fall into four main categories: (1) H2O-rich, (2) CO2-rich, (3) mixed H2O-CO2 and (4) CH4-N2 inclusions. The samples were collected from quartz veins associated with different deformation phases (D2-D4) and from metapelites. The progressive stage of metamorphism took place mainly during the D2 deformation. The age of metamorphism and D2 deformation becomes younger with increase in metamorphic grade from amphibolite to granulite facies.Regional distribution of the different fluid types indicates a change in fluid regime from H2O to CO2-dominant during the progressive stage of the metamorphism. H2O entered preferentially into the anatectic melt. The possibility of CO2 infiltration from deeper crust can not be excluded, because granulite facies rocks occur most probably below the lower grade zones. A zone enriched in CH4-N2 fluids is located near the lineament zones caused by the D3 deformation. This fluid type dominates the Au-bearing D2–D3 quartz lenses in the K-feldspar-sillimanite zone. Density data of early CO2 inclusions in combination with estimates of metamorphic temperatures (645–750°C) in the different metamorphic zones indicate a pressure range of 3.0–4.5 kbar, which is consistent with data derived from mineral geobarometry. The diversity of fluid types encountered in the D2–D4 quartz veins are a result of the passage of different fluids through veins at different times without re-equilibrating with the wall rocks. However, it is supposed that the CH4-N2 fluid is derived from a CO2-rich fluid with XCH4 ⩽ 0.4 by re-equilibration during its passage through the rocks.
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Moritz, Robert P., and Serge R. Chevé. "Fluid-inclusion studies of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Ashuanipi complex, eastern Superior Province: constraints on the retrograde P–T path and implications for gold metallogeny." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-180.

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The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Ashuanipi complex have been the subject of a microthermometric fluid-inclusion study. Four types of fluid inclusions were observed: CO2-rich fluids; low-temperature, high-salinity H2O fluids; CH4 ± N2-rich fluids; and high-temperature, low-salinity H2O fluids. The regionally distributed CO2-rich fluids are the earliest fluids, and their calculated isochores indicate a clockwise post-peak metamorphic P–T–t path for the Ashuanipi complex. The low-temperature, high-salinity aqueous fluid inclusions are also distributed regionally and can be interpreted as late brines, retrograde metamorphic fluids, or the wicked-off aqueous component of H2O–CO2 fluid inclusions. Both CH4 ± N2-rich fluids and the high-temperature, low-salinity aqueous fluid inclusions were found only locally in gold-bearing metamorphosed banded iron formations. Fluid-inclusion microthermometry, arsenopyrite thermometry, and metamorphic petrologic study at Lac Lilois, one of the principal gold showings, suggest that some gold deposition may have occurred during regional post-peak metamorphic exhumation and cooling at P–T conditions near the amphibolite–greenschist transition. However, it is possible that gold deposition began at higher near-peak metamorphic P–T conditions. Another major gold showing, Arsène, is characterized by CH4 ± N2-rich fluid inclusions, tentatively inferred to be either directly related to gold deposition or responsible for secondary gold enrichment. The association of CH4 ± N2-rich fluids with gold occurrences in the Ashuanipi complex is comparable to gold deposits of the Abitibi greenstone belt and of Wales, Finland, and Brazil.
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Thomas, L. J., R. S. Harmon, and G. J. H. Oliver. "Stable isotope compositions of alteration fluids in low-grade Lower Palaeozoic rocks, English Lake District." Mineralogical Magazine 49, no. 352 (June 1985): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.352.13.

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AbstractA combination of hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses and fluid inclusion studies has defined the composition of fluids involved in the metamorphism of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the English Lake District. Three fluid fields have been defined from secondary phases: 1, syn-burial metamorphic D-enriched fluids from epidote and chlorite at a temperature between 250 and 350°C; D-depleted fluid measured from groundmass and quartz inclusions; 3, a mixed magmatic-meteoric fluid with an intermediate H-isotopic composition estimated from W/R granite data and calculated from illite.
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Krenn, Kurt, Martina Husar, and Anna Mikulics. "Fluid and Solid Inclusions in Host Minerals of Permian Pegmatites from Koralpe (Austria): Deciphering the Permian Fluid Evolution during Pegmatite Formation." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060638.

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Fluid inclusions (FIs) and associated solids in host minerals garnet, tourmaline, spodumene, and quartz from six pegmatite fields of Permian origin at Koralpe (Eastern Alps) have been investigated. Although pegmatites suffered intense Eoalpine high-pressure metamorphic overprint during the Cretaceous period, the studied samples originate from rock sections with well-preserved Permian magmatic textures. Magmatic low-saline aqueous FIs in garnet domains entrapped as part of an unmixed fluid together with primary N2-bearing FIs that originate from a host rock-derived CO2-N2 dominated high-grade metamorphic fluid. This CO2-N2 fluid is entrapped as primary FIs in garnet, tourmaline, and quartz. During host mineral crystallization, fluid mixing between the magmatic and the metamorphic fluid at the solvus formed CO2-N2-H2O–rich FIs of various compositional degrees that are preserved as pseudo-secondary inclusions in tourmaline, quartz, and as primary inclusions in spodumene. Intense fluid modification processes by in-situ host mineral–fluid reactions formed a high amount of crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene but also in garnet. The distribution of different types of FIs enables a chronology of pegmatite host mineral growth (garnet-tourmaline/quartz-spodumene) and their fluid chemistry is considered as having exsolved from the pegmatite parent melt together with the metamorphic fluid from the pegmatite host rocks. Minimum conditions for pegmatite crystallization of ca. 4.5–5.5 kbar at 650–750 °C have been constrained by primary FIs in tourmaline that, unlike to FIs in garnet, quartz, and spodumene, have not been affected by post-entrapment modifications. Late high-saline aqueous FIs, only preserved in the recrystallized quartz matrix, are related to a post-pegmatite stage during Cretaceous Eoalpine metamorphism.
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Vry, Julie K., and Philip E. Brown. "Evidence for early fluid channelization, Pikwitonei granulite domain, Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-134.

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The results of field mapping and carbon isotope and phase equilibria studies suggest that two different, locally controlled fluid regimes existed during at least the early phases of high-grade metamorphism in the north Cauchon Lake region, Pikwitonei granulite domain, Manitoba, Canada. During the prograde stages of high-grade "anticlockwise" regional metamorphism, rocks already metamorphosed to at least sillimanite grade were thermally metamorphosed at temperatures near 900 °C by the intrusion of a charnockitic magma. It is likely that this magma released an oxidizing, CO2-bearing, probably CO2-rich fluid phase while the region was still at relatively shallow depths. Fluid migration was channelized along the intrusive contact, and local fluid buffering characterized many of the country rocks. The light carbon isotope values of graphites (gr) and CO2 in cordierites (crd) in pelitic lithologies (δ13Cgr = −41.8 to −30.4; δ13Ccrd = −31.8 to −34.9), and the low oxygen fugacities in many samples rule out infiltration of these units by large amounts of an externally derived CO2-rich fluid phase. Texturally early CO2-rich fluid inclusions occur in the cores of garnets in a variety of rock types along the intrusive contact. These fluid inclusions were probably trapped during early garnet growth at high temperatures and relatively low pressures, and appear to have undergone limited or no subsequent reequilibration. They do not appear to provide direct information about the highest regional metamorphic temperature and pressure conditions to have affected the region (750 °C and 7 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa)) but may instead retain evidence of the prograde metamorphic path. These studies demonstrate the importance of local controls on the sources, compositions, timing, and transport of metamorphic fluids in the north Cauchon Lake region.
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Powell, Wayne G., and Edward D. Ghent. "Low-pressure metamorphism of the mafic volcanic rocks of the Rossland Group, southeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-105.

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Mafic volcanic rocks of the Rossland Group have been metamorphosed in the subgreenschist to lower amphibolite faciès. Subgreenschist-facies regional metamorphic rocks are subdivided into prehnite–pumpeilyite zone and prehnite–epidote zone. Fluid inclusions in two subgreenschist-facies veins yielded mean homogenization temperatures of 139 and 151 °C. Assuming a reasonable maximum temperature limit of 275 °C for the subgreenschist fades, the fluid-inclusion isochores indicate a pressure <250 MPa for regional metamorphism in the subgreenschist facies. This is consistent with the widespread occurrence of prehnite–chlorite-bearing assemblages. Metamorphic grade increases sharply northward approaching the large plutons of the Nelson suite. The contact aureoles of the Nelson batholith and the related Bonnington pluton encompass most of the region, producing an extensive region underlain by rocks within the hornblende–oligoclasc zone. Intrusion of the Nelson plutonic suite overlapped with the development of the Hall Creek syncline and Silver King shear zone. The pattern of isograds across the Rossland Group indicates superimposed contact and regional metamorphism rather than progressively deeper structural levels northward.
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SATISH-KUMAR, M., and M. SANTOSH. "A petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx." Geological Magazine 135, no. 1 (January 1998): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897008145.

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Recent discovery of wollastonite-bearing calc-silicate assemblages adjacent to gneiss–charnockite horizons in the supracrustal terrain of the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India, provides an opportunity to evaluate the carbonic fluid infiltration model proposed for charnockite formation. Petrological and fluid inclusion studies across these horizons in three representative localities are presented in this study. The calc-silicate assemblages define peak metamorphic conditions of ∼800°C at 5 kbar and define a low aCO2. Adjacent charnockite assemblages developed through dehydration involving the breakdown of garnet, biotite and quartz to produce orthopyroxene under low aH2O conditions. Retrograde reactions preserved in the calc-silicate rocks, such as scapolite–quartz symplectites, and the partial breakdown of wollastonite previously has been attributed to a near isothermal decompression during which infiltration of CO2-rich fluids occurred. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the earliest generation of fluids preserved in the calc-silicate assemblages are aqueous (with salinity ∼8 wt% NaCl equivalent), consistent with mineral phase equilibria defining low aCO2. The estimation of NaCl content in brines coexisting with scapolite, based on the Cl content of the scapolite, indicates the presence of up to 20 wt % NaCl during the formation of scapolite consistent with the saline primary fluid inclusions. Primary carbonic inclusions occur within the retrogressed calcite+quartz assemblage after wollastonite, and are considered to represent the post-peak metamorphic carbonic fluid infiltration event, synchronous with the development of charnockites in the adjacent gneisses. These inclusions have identical characteristics to those in the charnockites. We envisage that the Kerala Khondalite Belt fluid regime was largely internally buffered during the prograde path, and that CO2 infiltration post-dated peak metamorphism. Influx of CO2 was mostly structurally controlled, and occurred along a near-isothermal uplift path. Graphite-bearing pegmatitic dykes with abundant CO2-rich inclusions in these localities attest to the transfer of carbonic fluids through magmatic conduits.
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MUKHERJEE, BARUN K., and HIMANSHU K. SACHAN. "Fluids in coesite-bearing rocks of the Tso Morari Complex, NW Himalaya: evidence for entrapment during peak metamorphism and subsequent uplift." Geological Magazine 146, no. 6 (July 15, 2009): 876–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990069.

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AbstractFluid inclusions trapped in coesite-bearing rocks provide important information on the fluid phases present during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. The subduction-related coesite-bearing eclogites of the Tso Morari Complex, Himalaya, contain five major types of fluids identified by microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy. These are: (1) high-salinity brine, (2) N2, (3) CH4, (4) CO2and (5) low-salinity aqueous fluids. These fluids were trapped during both deep subduction and exhumation processes. The coesite-bearing rocks are inferred to have been buried to a depth of >120 km, where they experienced ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. The fluid–rock interaction provides direct evidence for fluid derivation during a deep subduction process as demonstrated by silica–carbonate assemblages in eclogite. High salinity brine, N2and CH4inclusions are remnants of prograde and peak metamorphic fluids, whereas CO2and low-salinity aqueous fluids appear to have been trapped late, during uplift. The high-salinity brine was possibly derived from subducted ancient metasedimentary rocks, whereas the N2and CH4fluids were likely generated through chemical breakdown of NH3-bearing K minerals and graphite. Alternatively, CH4might have been formed by a mixed fluid that was released from calcareous sediments during subduction or supplied through subducted oceanic metabasic rocks. High density CO2is associated with matrix minerals formed during granulite-facies overprinting of the ultrahigh-pressure eclogite. During retrogression to amphibolite-facies conditions, low-salinity fluids were introduced from external sources, probably the enclosing gneisses. This source enhances salinity differences as compared to primary saline inclusions. The subducting Indian lithosphere produced brines prior to achieving maximal depths of >120 km, where fluids were instead dominated by gaseous phases. Subsequently, the Indian lithosphere released CO2-rich fluids during fast exhumation and was then infiltrated by the low-salinity aqueous fluids near the surface through external sources. Elemental modelling may improve quantitative understanding of the complexity of fluids and their reactions.
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Clarke, D. B. "Cordierite in felsic igneous rocks: a synthesis." Mineralogical Magazine 59, no. 395 (June 1995): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.059.395.15.

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AbstractCordierite is a characteristic mineral of many peraluminous felsic igneous rocks. A combination of T-P-X parameters, which overlap the stability conditions for felsic magmas, control its formation. Critical among these parameters are relatively low T, low P, and typically high (Mg+Fe2+), Mg/Fe2+, A/CNK, aAl2O3, and fO2. Spatial and textural information indicate that cordierite may originate in one of three principal ways in felsic igneous rocks: Type 1 Metamorphic: (a) xenocrystic (generally anhedral, many inclusions, spatial proximity to country rocks and pelitic xenoliths); (b) restitic (generally anhedral, high-grade metamorphic inclusions); Type 2 Magmatic: (a,b) peritectic (subhedral to euhedral, associated with leucosomes in migmatites or as reaction rims on garnet); (c) cotectic (euhedral, grain size compatibility with host rock, few inclusions); (d) pegmatitic (large subhedral to euhedral grains, associated with aplite-pegmatite contacts or pegmatitic portion alone); and Type 3 Metasomatic (spatially related to structural discontinuities in host, replacement of feldspar and/or biotite, intergrowths with quartz). Of these, Type 2a (peritectic) and Type 2c (cotectic) predominate in granitic and rhyolitic rocks derived from fluid-undersaturated peraluminous magmas, and Type 2d (pegmatitic) may be the most common type in fluid-saturated systems.
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Cheng, Xi-hui, Jiu-hua Xu, Jian-xiong Wang, Qing-po Xue, and Hui Zhang. "Carbonic fluids in the Hamadi gold deposit, Sudan: origin and contribution to gold mineralization." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 2017): 494–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0058.

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The Hamadi gold deposit is located in North Sudan, and occurs in the Neoproterozoic metamorphic strata of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Two types of gold mineralization can be discerned: gold-bearing quartz veins and altered rock ores near ductile shear zones. The gold-bearing quartz veins are composed of white to gray quartz associated with small amounts of pyrite and other polymetallic sulfide minerals. Wall-rock alterations include mainly beresitization, epidotization, chloritization, and carbonatization. CO2-rich inclusions are commonly seen in gold-bearing quartz veins and quartz veinlets from gold-bearing altered rocks; these include mainly one-phase carbonic (CO2 ± CH4 ± N2) inclusions and CO2–H2O inclusions with CO2/H2O volumetric ratios of 30% to ∼80%. Laser Raman analysis does not show the H2O peak in carbonic inclusions. In quartz veins, the melting temperature of solid CO2 (Tm,CO2) of carbonic inclusions has a narrow range of −59.6 to −56.8 °C. Carbonic inclusions also have CO2 partial homogenization temperatures (Th,CO2) of −28.3 to +23.7 °C, with most of the values clustering between +4.0 and +20 °C; all of these inclusions are homogenized into the liquid CO2 state. The densities range from 0.73 to 1.03 g/cm3. XCH4 of carbonic fluid inclusions ranges from 0.004 to 0.14, with most XCH4 around 0.05. In CO2–H2O fluid inclusions, Tm,CO2 values are recorded mostly at around −57.5 °C. The melting temperature of clathrate is 3.8–8.9 °C. It is suggested that the lowest trapping pressures of CO2 fluids would be 100 to ∼400 MPa, on the basis of the Th,CO2 of CO2-bearing one-phase (LCO2) inclusions and the total homogenization temperatures (Th,tot) of paragenetic CO2-bearing two-phase (LCO2–LH2O) inclusions. For altered rocks, the Tm,CO2 of the carbonic inclusions has a narrow range of −58.4 to ∼−57.0 °C, whereas the Th,CO2 varies widely (−19 to ∼+29 °C). Most carbonic inclusions and the carbonic phases in the CO2–H2O inclusions are homogenized to liquid CO2 phases, which correspond to densities of 0.70 to ∼1.00 g/cm3. Fluid inclusions in a single fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) have narrow Tm,CO2 and Th,CO2 values, but they vary widely in different FIAs and non-FIAs, which indicates that there was a wide range of trapping pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions during the ore-forming process in late retrograde metamorphism after the metamorphism peak period. The carbonic inclusions in the Hamadi gold deposit are interpreted to have resulted from unmixing of an originally homogeneous aqueous–carbonic mixture during retrogress metamorphism caused by decreasing P–T conditions. CO2 contributed to gold mineralization by buffering the pH range and increasing the gold concentration in the fluids.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

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Huff, Timothy A. "Fluid inclusion evidence for metamorphic fluid evolution in the Black Hills, South Dakota /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421144.

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Watson, Adrian Paul. "The timing and significance of quartz veins in Greenschist facies metamorphic rocks with particular reference to the Precambrian of Holy Island, Anglesey, Wales." Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/304840.

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Chandonais, Daniel. "Deformation and Fluid History of Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Rocks of the Central Appalachian Blue Ridge." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343055132.

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Bastoul, Abdelmajid. "Origine et évolution des fluides hydro-carbo-azotés dans les formations métamorphiques : relations avec les minéralisations associées (u, au, graphite)." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10390.

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L'origine et l'évolution physico-chimiques des fluides carbo-azot2s, et la reconstitution des principaux stades de production et de migration de ces fluides, ainsi que leur rôle dans les processus metallog2niques, au cours du métamorphisme constitue l'objet principal de ce mémoire. Les travaux réalisés sur trois zones métamorphiques, au Maroc (Jebilet centrales, Tichka) et au sud-ouest du massif central français, ont permis de: 1) faire un inventaire des fluides en équilibre avec les schistes noirs et leur phase de production dans des contextes de métamorphisme de contact; 2) d'aborder le rôle de ces fluides dans le contrôle des équilibres entre fluides et minéraux; 3) de proposer une chronologie relative entre les phases de migration des fluides carbo-azotés et des fluides sans espèces volatiles, en relation avec la mise en solution et le dépôt de l'uranium (bondons), de l'or (Tichka) et du graphite (Jebilet). Ce travail basé essentiellement sur l'étude des fluides du système chons, a permis d'obtenir des résultats originaux sur: 1) le calage précis des phases de production et de migration de ces fluides en fonction de l'évolution des conditions p-t-x et des dépôts de minéraux; 2) l'utilisation de plusieurs techniques nouvelles (microspectroscopie infrarouge, microsonde nucléaire) pour la caractérisation des sites de l'azote et la quantification de sa concentration; 3) la présentation d'un modèle de la genèse des minéralisations de graphite
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Lamadrid, De Aguinaco Hector M. "Geochemistry of fluid-rock processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71350.

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When these fluids interact with the surrounding rocks, small aliquots of these fluids are trapped as imperfections in the crystal lattice and fractures of minerals. These microscopic features are called fluid and melt inclusions, and are one of the best tools available to probe, measure and determine the chemical and physical properties of crustal fluids. In the present study we examine new developments into our understanding of fluid-rock interactions using fluid and melt inclusion as tools to provide insights into the evolution of the Earth's crust from the deep continental crust to the surface. Chapter II "Raman spectroscopic characterization of H2O in CO2-rich fluid inclusions in granulite facies metamorphic rocks", is a brief review of the current understanding of granulite rocks and their formation, and a new development into our ability to characterize the composition of the fluids trapped as fluid inclusions in minerals in granulite facies rocks. Chapter III "Reassessment of the Raman CO2 densimeter", details new developments in the use of the Raman spectroscopy to characterize the density of CO2. In this chapter we describe briefly the Raman effect of CO2 and the density dependence of the Fermi diad using different Raman instruments, laser sources and gratings to understand the differences in the published data. Chapter IV "Serpentinization reaction rates measured in olivine micro-batch reactors" describes new insights into the serpentinization process by using olivine micro-reactors. The micro-reactor technique is a new experimental development that allows researchers to monitor the fluid chemistry as well as the mineral composition changes inside synthetic fluid inclusion.
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Merceron, Thierry. "Les altérations hydrothermales de la coupole granitique d'échassières et de son environnement (sondage gpf echa n1)." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2330.

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Reconstitution chronologique de l'alteration hydrothermale du granite de beauvoir, apex granitique d'echassieres (massif central), a partir des donnees petrographiques, mineralogiques, et datations k-ar. L'etude des isotopes stables oxygene-hydrogene et des inclusions fluides a permis d'etablir un modele thermodynamique sur le refroidissement du magma granitique. Dans les micashistes ces phenomenes hydrothermaux se superposent aux alterations associees au stockwerk a wolframite de l'hypothetique granite de la bosse
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Lewerentz, Alexander. "Fluid-induced alteration of metasedimentary rocks in the Scottish Highlands." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146121.

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Fluids, mainly H2O and CO2, are released from H- and C-bearing phases during prograde metamorphism. Because of the buoyancy of these fluids, they rise within the crust towards the surface of the Earth. Metamorphic fluids take advantage of permeable horizons, shear zones, fold hinges, fractures, and are channelled into high-flux zones. Fluid fluxes for channelized fluid flow may exceed background pervasive fluxes by several orders of magnitude. Metamorphic fluids react with the surrounding rock during fluid flow, and altered zones are commonly observed adjacent to high-flux conduits. Fluid-altered rock is texturally, mineralogically, chemically, and isotopically different from rock unaffected by fluid flow. In this thesis, fluid-rock interaction is studied at two localities in the Scottish Highlands: Glen Esk and the Isle of Islay. Glen Esk is one of the type localities used by George Barrow (1853-1932) to propose the concept of metamorphic zones and metamorphic index minerals as an approximate determination of metamorphic grade. In several of the metamorphic zones in Glen Esk, index mineral distribution is highly dependent on proximity to veins. The occurrence of index minerals is therefore not only controlled by pressure and temperature, but also by the availability of metamorphic fluids. Evidence of a retrograde fluid flow event from the North Esk Fault is observed in Glen Esk, for which a time-averaged fluid flux of 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙yr-1 is calculated. The duration of the fluid event is estimated to between 16 and 334 kyr. On the Isle of Islay, kyanite is observed in rocks of chlorite or lower-biotite metamorphic grade, i.e. much lower temperatures than usually associated with kyanite formation. The favoured explanation for this is retrograde infiltration of extremely high-CO2 fluids, at least locally XCO2 > 0.7, at ~340°C, which altered these rocks and stabilised kyanite in a carbonate-bearing assemblage. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope profiles across the Islay Anticline reveals highly channelized fluid flow along the axial region of this fold, with fluid:rock ratios at least four times higher than in rock farther away from the fold. Although carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of metacarbonate rocks were altered along the Islay Anticline, negative anomalies observed below and above the Port Askaig Tillite Formation cannot solely be attributed to metamorphic fluid flow, which implies that these rocks to varying degree retain their primary paleoclimatological isotopic signatures.
Stora volymer H2O och CO2 frigörs som fluider under prograd metamorfos. Metamorfa fluider har lägre densitet än det omgivande berget, varför de stiger genom jordskorpan mot jordytan. Metamorfa fluider kanaliseras i permabla lager, skjuvzoner, veckaxlar, sprickor och andra högflödeszoner. Kanaliserade fluidflöden kan vara flera storleksordningar högre än bakgrundsvärdet för fluidflöde inom en bergart. Metamorfa fluider reagerar under transport med det omgivande berget och bildar fluidomvandlade zoner i anslutning till högflödeskanaler. Fluidomvandlat berg uppvisar texturella, mineralogiska, kemiska och isotopsammansättningsmässiga skillnader i jämförelse med berg som inte utsatts för fluidomvandling. I denna avhandling behandlas reaktioner mellan fluid och berg som studerats i två lokaler i de skotska högländerna: Glen Esk och Islay. Glen Esk är en av de typlokaler som George Barrow (1853-1932) använde för att lägga fram konceptet om metamorfa zoner och metamorfa indexmineral som används för att ungefärligt uppskatta metamorf grad. I flera av de metamorfa zonerna är förekomsten av indexmineral i hög grad beroende av närhet till kvartsådror, vilket visar att bildandet av indexmineral inte bara styrs av tryck och temperatur, utan också av åtkomst till metamorfa fluider. I Glen Esk finns också spår av ett fluidflöde från North Esk-förkastningen, under retrograda metamorfa förhållanden, för vilket mededfluidflödet över tid uppgår till 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙år-1. Denna fluidflödeshändelse beräknas ha pågått mellan 16 000 och 334 000 år. På ön Islay i de sydvästra högländerna återfinns bergarter, som trots sin låga metamorfa grad i klorit- eller biotitzonen innehåller mineralet kyanit, dvs. temperaturer långt under vad som vanligen associeras med kyanitbildning. Detta förklaras med infiltration av fluider med extremt hög CO2-halt, åtminstone lokalt så högt som XCO2 > 0.7, vid ca. 340°C. Fluidomvandling av dessa bergarter stabiliserade kyanit tillsammans med karbonatmineral. Syre- och kolisotopprofiler över Islayantiklinen påvisar hög kanalisering av fluider längs dess veckaxeln. Förhållandet mellan fluid och berg var mer än fyra gånger så högt i närheten av veckaxeln jämfört lokaler längre ifrån densamma. Påverkan av metakarbonatbergarters isotopförhållanden har skett längs Islayantiklinen, men fluidpåverkan kan inte ensamt förklara de isotopanomalier som observerats under och ovan Port Askaig-tilliten, varför dessa bergarter kan ha bibehållit sin primära paleoklimatologiska isotopsignatur.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Rafaranalisoa, Esther. "Donnees nouvelles sur la hibonite (ca a112 o19) de madagascar." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066502.

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Apres un historique de la roche a hibonite de madagascar et un resume de son etude par curien et al (1956) ainsi que des autres hibonites : urss, tanzanie et meteoritiques, on presente l'etude petrograhique et chimique des plagioclasites a hibonite qui sont comparees aux sakenites de lacroix. Le chapitre 4 est consacre a la chimie, la structure et l'interpretation des substitutions possibles dans ce mineral;les deux derniers chapitres s'attachent aux etudes des inclusions fluides dans le corindon et des inclusions solides dans les differents mineraux constituant la plagioclasite a hibonite.
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Kleine, Barbara I. "How do metamorphic fluids move through rocks? : An investigation of timescales, infiltration mechanisms and mineralogical controls." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115172.

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This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the role of mountain building in the carbon cycle. The amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere due to metamorphic processes is largely unknown. To constrain the quantity of CO2 released, fluid-driven reactions in metamorphic rocks can be studied by tracking fluid-rock interactions along ancient fluid flow pathways. The thesis is divided into two parts: 1) modeling of fluid flow rates and durations within shear zones and fractures during greenschist- and blueschist-facies metamorphism and 2) the assessment of possible mechanisms of fluid infiltration into rocks during greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies metamorphism and controlling chemical and mineralogical factors of reaction front propagation. On the island Syros, Greece, fluid-rock interaction was examined along a shear zone and within brittle fractures to calculate fluid flux rates, flow velocities and durations. Petrological, geochemical and thermodynamic evidence show that the flux of CO2-bearing fluids along the shear zone was 100-2000 times larger than the fluid flux in the surrounding rocks. The time-averaged fluid flow velocity and flow duration along brittle fractures was calculated by using a governing equation for one-dimensional transport (advection and diffusion) and field-based parameterization. This study shows that fluid flow along fractures on Syros was rapid and short lived. Mechanisms and controlling factors of fluid infiltration were studied in greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies metabasalts in SW Scotland. Fluid infiltration into metabasaltic sills was unassisted by deformation and occurred along grain boundaries of hydrous minerals (e.g. amphibole) while other minerals (e.g. quartz) prevent fluid infiltration. Petrological, mineralogical and chemical studies of the sills show that the availability of reactant minerals and mechanical factors, e.g. volume change in epidote, are primary controls of reaction front propagation.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

 

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Kleine, Barbara. "How do fluids move through rocks? : High fluxes of CO2 in the Earth's crust." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-84007.

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Metamorphic hydrous, CO2-bearing fluids play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, how big this influence is on the global carbon cycle and therefore on global climatic processes, is unknown. The actual amount of CO2 which is released into the atmosphere due to metamorphic processes is still debated. For this purpose, fluid-driven reactions in metamorphic rocks must be studied by tracking fluid-rock interactions along pathways of ancient fluids. In the study presented in this thesis, we study fluid-rock interaction in the southeastern part of the Greek island Syros in the Cycladic Archipelago (Aegean). On Syros fluid-rock interaction is recorded by the preservation of blueschist facies assemblages at greenschist facies conditions along a normal shear zone. Blueschist preservation is caused by a combination of metasomatic addition of SiO2 and Na2O and elevated XCO2 which is maintained by high fluxes of a CO2-bearing, hydrous fluid along the shear zone. This research aims to provide a better understanding of the role of mountain building in the carbon cycle. Flux estimates for climate-forcing fluid components (e.g. carbon) require that their concentration in the fluid, fluid volumes and velocities are known. This will be the focus of future work. Further, whole rock chemistry and the availability of specific minerals will be studied to achieve knowledge about which kind of parameters influence and enhance the propagation of fluids through rocks.
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Books on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

1

Franz, Leander. Die polymetamorphe Entwicklung des Altkristallins auf Kreta und im Dodekanes (Griechenland): Eine geologische, geochemische, und petrologische Bestandsaufnahme. Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1992.

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Bakker, Ronald Jack. On modifications of fluid inclusions in quartz: Re-equilibration experiments and thermodynamical calculations on fluids in natural quartz = Over veranderingen van vloeistof insluitsels in kwarts : reëkwilibratie experimenten en thermodynamische berekeningen aan vloeistoffen in natuurlijke kwarts. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1992.

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Kerkhof, Alfonsus Martinus van den. The system CO r-CH r-N rin fluid inclusions: Theoretical modelling and geological applications. Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1988.

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Kleinefeld, Bärbel. The charnockite-anorthosite suite of rocks exposed in central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: A study on fluid-rock interactions, and post-entrapment change of metamorphic fluid inclusions = Die charnockitischen und anorthositischen Gesteinsserien im zentralen Dronning Maud Land : Fluid-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen und die Veränderung metamorpher Fluid-Einschlüsse nach ihrer Bildung. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2003.

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Peach, Colin Jack. Influence of deformation on the fluid transport properties of salt rocks. [Utrecht: Facultiet Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht], 1991.

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P-T conditions of deformation from fluid inclusions in mylonites. College Park, MD: Dept. of Geology, University of Maryland, 1990.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. P-T conditions of deformation from fluid inclusions in mylonites. College Park, MD: Dept. of Geology, University of Maryland, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

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Ferronsky, V. I., and V. A. Polyakov. "Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Minerals of Magmatic and Metamorphic Rocks and Fluid Inclusions." In Isotopes of the Earth's Hydrosphere, 195–204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2856-1_10.

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Heinrich, Wilhelm. "12. Fluid Immiscibility in Metamorphic Rocks." In Fluid-Fluid Interactions, edited by Axel Liebscher and Christoph A. Heinrich, 389–432. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509407-013.

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Barker, Andy J. "Veins and fluid inclusions." In Introduction to Metamorphic Textures and Microstructures, 179–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7291-6_11.

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Crawford, M. L., and L. S. Hollister. "Metamorphic Fluids: The Evidence from Fluid Inclusions." In Advances in Physical Geochemistry, 1–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4896-5_1.

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Thompson, Alan Bruce. "Flow and Focusing of Metamorphic Fluids." In Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks, 297–314. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1533-6_17.

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Yardley, Bruce W. D. "The Evolution of Fluids Through the Metamorphic Cycle." In Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks, 99–121. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1533-6_6.

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Touret, Jacques L. R. "Fluid Inclusions and Pressure-Temperature Estimates in Deep-Seated Rocks." In Chemical Transport in Metasomatic Processes, 91–121. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4013-0_4.

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Klemd, Reiner. "5. Fluid Inclusions in Epidote Minerals and Fluid Development in Epidote-Bearing Rocks." In Epidotes, edited by Axel Liebscher and Gerhard Franz, 197–234. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509599-008.

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Ripley, Edward M., Chusi Li, Craig H. Moore, Erika R. Elswick, J. Barry Maynard, Rick L. Paul, Paul Sylvester, Jun Hun Seo, and Nobomichi Shimizu. "2. Analytical Methods for Sulfur Determination in Glasses, Rocks, Minerals and Fluid Inclusions." In Sulfur in Magmas and Melts:, edited by Harald Behrens and James D. Webster, 9–40. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508370-002.

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Kucera, Jan, Klàra Kucerovà-Charvàtovà, Phillipe Muchez, and Walter Prochaska. "Palaeofluid flow in siliciclastic Lower Carboniferous rocks: Evidence from stable isotopes and fluid inclusions, Rhenohercynian Zone, Czech Republic." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 137–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

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Robbes, Anne-Sophie, Mona Pierrette Moret, and Carl Henderson. "EPMA ANALYSIS OF FLUID INCLUSIONS IN VOLCANIC ROCKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318468.

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Kepezhinskas, Nikita, David A. Foster, Pavel Kepezhinskas, Vadim Kamenetsky, and George Kamenov. "ON THE NATURE OF METAMORPHIC SULFIDE MELT INCLUSIONS IN SUBDUCTION-RELATED ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321971.

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Dvorani, Sami. "MICROTHERMOMETRY, FLUID INCLUSIONS IN ALKALINE ROCKS FROM GULI MASSIF, NORTHERN SIBIRIA." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b11/s1.035.

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Malaspina, Nadia, Marcello Campione, Mattia La Fortezza, and Marco Scambelluri. "Epitaxial Mineral Growth in Fluid Inclusions Monitors Redox Equilibria in Subducting Ultramafic Rocks." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1709.

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Gurevich, B., A. P. Sadovnichaja, S. A. Shapiro, and S. L. Lopatnikov. "Effect of local inclusions on the attenuation of seismic waves in fluid-saturated rocks." In 55th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411404.

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Chen, Ren-Xu, Bing Gong, and Yong-Fei Zheng. "Water in Minerals from Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks: Implications for Fluid Activity in Continental Subduction Zone." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.393.

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Lokhov, Kirill. "He, Ne AND Ar IN FLUID INCLUSIONS FROM HOST TO CORUNDUM ROCKS GNEISSES AND MAFIC ROCKS WITH ULTRALIGHT OXYGEN (NORTHERN KARELIA): ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION IN AN ENDOGENIC FLUID." In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b11/s01.029.

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Darling, Robert S. "Felsic Mineral Inclusions in Zircon from the Port Leyden Nelsonite, Western Adirondack Highlands, New York: A Product of Magma Mixing?" In Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272695.

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The Port Leyden nelsonite is small magnetite-apatite-ilmenite ore body occurring in Mesoproterozoic metapelitic gneiss on the western margin of the Adirondack Highlands. It is unusual in that no compositionally adequate parent magma (e.g. jotunite or oxide-apatite gabbronorite) has been identified in the area (Darling and Florence, 1995).The nelsonite typically contains elevated levels of Zr (1400 to 2500 ppm) largely present in abundant modal zircon. The Zr abundances are considerably higher than normal levels of Zr solubility in non-peralkaline melts and suggests that some of the zircon modal fraction is inherited (Hanchar and Harrison, 2003).The zircon grains display both euhedral, oscillatory zoned cores (interpreted as igneous) and anhedral, irregular, compositionally homogeneous rims (interpreted as metamorphic or igneous). The oscillatory zoned cores contain small (2-10 micrometer), solid inclusions that have energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) consistent with quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, and apatite. Remarkably, no low-silica mafic mineral inclusions (e.g. orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, olivine) were observed in zircon.Felsic mineral inclusions in zircon from an igneous rock that has mafic magma affinities provides further evidence that the included cores of zircons in the Port Leyden nelsonite are inherited. This unusual occurrence may be possible considering that the mafic igneous rocks described above are part of the bimodal anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) magmatic complex in the Adirondacks (McLelland et al, 1988). It is conceivable that during magma mixing, zircon from granite or charnockite may have become incorporated into coeval jotunite or oxide-apatite gabbronorite. Subsequently, the latter magma experienced either unmixing (Philpotts, 1967) or crystal settling (Dymek and Owens, 2001) to produce the Port Leyden nelsonite.
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Holk, Gregory J., Marty J. Grove, C. E. Jacobson, and Gordon B. Haxel. "A TWO-STAGE FLUID HISTORY FOR THE OROCOPIA SCHIST AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS RELATED TO FLAT SUBDUCTION AND EXHUMATION, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA: A COLD AND DRY METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302680.

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Pellerin, Denis, Alaide M. Dura˜o, Jose´ E. F. P. Jardim, Carlos Pimenta, and Kazumi Miura. "Horizontal Directional Drilling as a Solution for Crossing of Ridges in the Serrana Province, Mato Grosso, Brazil." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27190.

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The crossing of a series of high, parallel, elongated and with steep scarp mountains in the Serrana Province, between Ca´ceres and Cuiaba´, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, constituted a great technical challenge for implementation of the Bolivia - Mato Grosso gas pipeline. Due to environmental preservation, the gas pipeline could not cross the crest of some of these mountains using conventional surface methods and the alternative of surrounding the mountains would have caused an extended additional path, with appreciable additional cost. The economically viable alternative was the horizontal directional drilling through the most critical mountains: Piraputanga Ridge with 850m, Cachoeirinha Ridge with 943m and Palmeiras Ridge with 867m. One of the difficulties was the drilling of the very compact and abrasive Alto Paraguay Group Proterozoic low metamorphic rocks intercalated with clastic sedimentary rocks. The horizontal directional hole intersects in high angles the strongly dipping layers of rocks. The layered sequences of sandstone capped by siltstones provide the aquifer condition to Raizama Fm. with strong water flow. To prevent any environmental damage, the conventional hole design was modified, which allowed the drilling with water, instead of bentonitic drilling fluid. The horizontal directional drilling consisted of a pilot hole with 10.14 inches diameter, drilled with down hole motor and an electromagnetic steering system. The first enlargement of the pilot hole went to 22” diameter and the last one to 30” using special reamer tools. The pipes of the Bolivia - Mato Grosso gas pipeline have 18” diameter, with a special line coating to prevent damages during pulling in contact with rocks. No problems occurred during the pulling operation of the pipes along the holes. The proposed three horizontal directional holes were very successful and the projected designs of the well were fully achieved, with a very small offset in the forecasted exit points. After long weeks of hole opening and preparatory works, all three pulling operations of the pipestrings along the holes went very smoothly.
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Reports on the topic "Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks"

1

Tweedale, F., J. J. Hanley, D. J. Kontak, and N. Rogers. Petrographic observations and evaporate mound analysis of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions hosted by granitoid samples from the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia: an exploration tool for vectoring towards mineralised areas in intrusive rocks. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296467.

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