Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluid Intake and Output

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid Intake and Output'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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DEWI, AJENG RUVITA. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMANTAUAN INTAKE OUTPUT CAIRAN PENDERITA CKD DENGAN TERJADINYA OVERLOAD CAIRAN." Media Husada Journal Of Nursing Science 3, no. 2 (2022): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/mhjns.v3i2.89.

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 Monitoring fluid intake and output in patients with CKD is the main action to reduce the occurrence of fluid overload in patients with CKD. Fluid overload can cause shortness of breath, edema, and acites. Lack of attention to fluid intake and output will lead to more serious health problems. This study aims to determine the relationship between monitoring of CKD fluid intake output and the occurrence of fluid overload at RSU Karsa Husada Batu. The research design used was Correlative Study. Retrieval of data using Cross Sectional. The sampling method used was Purposive Sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 22 people. The intake output monitoring variable was assessed using the fluid intake output chart questionnaire, while the fluid overload variable was the head to toe observation sheet. The result of the Spearman Rank Correlation test shows a p value of 0.001 where the p value is smaller than alpha 0.05 (p value (0.001) <alpha (0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between monitoring the fluid output intake of patients with CKD and the occurrence of fluid overload in RSU Karsa Husada Batu. The correlation coefficient of 0.661 is a number that is positive. So the relationship between Monitoring Intake of Fluid Output for CKD Patients with the Occurrence of Fluid Overload is unidirectional, thus it means that the better monitoring of fluid output intake for CKD sufferers, the risk of overload Also decreasing The effectiveness of limiting the amount of fluids in CRF patients depends on the patient's knowledge of the amount of fluids that can be drunk and efforts to create restrictions on fluid intake through monitoring the intake of fluid output per day . This is very necessary to be applied consistently in patients with CKD.
 Keyword : monitoring of fluid intake, output, overload.
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MCCONNELL, EDWINA A. "Measuring fluid intake and output." Nursing 32, no. 7 (2002): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200207000-00012.

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AJIBADE, Omowumi Suuru (RN RNA RNE BNSc), R.A. SALAWU (RN RNE BNSc PhD FPNP ADV.MGT FWACN) PROF., and Sa'a Wennie (BSN MPH DNM) Jummai. "Factors Influencing Documentation of Patient's Fluid Intake and Output Among Nurses in Specialist Hospitals of Ondo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences (IJMNHS) ® 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4732332.

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Fluid intake and output documentation is important for safe, effective, ethical nursing care and accountability. Anecdotal clinical experience has shown that fluid intake and output documentation is frequently poorly adhered to by nurses leading to poor quality of care with accompanying litigation and professionals conflict. This study assessed the factors influencing documentation of patient&rsquo;s fluid intake and output among nurses in Specialist Hospital of Ondo State. The study was carried out at Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa and Ikare respectively. Descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. Sample size was 64 respondents using total enumeration. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Face validity of the instrument was ascertained by experts of Adult Health Nursing while reliability was ascertained through pretest with Cronbach alpha coefficient value of 0.70 and 0.72. Research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean and percentages. Findings revealed the perception was favourable (54.7%), but this does not translate to practice, factors identified to influence fluid documentation are Supervision 98.4%, Shortage of nursing staff 95.3%, Time management 90.6%, In-Service training 90.4%, Workload 82.4%, and Delegation of duty 64.1%. In conclusion, fluid intake and output documentation practice was very poor among the nurses and several factors had been identified. In other to enhance the practice, Continuing Nursing Educational Unit in each hospital should organize regular seminar in other for them to stimulate nurses to change attitude positively towards documentation of fluid intake and output. &nbsp; <strong>Keywords</strong>: Factors, Fluid Intake and Output, Documentation, Output, &nbsp;
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Bidiwala, Khurshid S., John M. Lorenz, and Leonard I. Kleinman. "Renal Function Correlates of Postnatal Diuresis in Preterm Infants." Pediatrics 82, no. 1 (1988): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.1.50.

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A characteristic pattern of fluid homeostasis occurs in the first week of life in many preterm infants. Initially, urine output is low independent of fluid intake, subsequently a diuresis occurs, and finally urine output begins to vary with intake. Renal clearance measurements were made during each of these three phases to elucidate the renal mechanisms involved. Periods during which the ratio of urine output to fluid intake was ≥1 and urine output was ≥3 mL/kg/h were defined as diuretic. Of 22 preterm infants studied from 12 to 120 hours of age, 17 had at least one period of diuresis. In these infants, urine output, fluid intake rate, output to intake ratio, glomerular filtration rate, and fractional sodium excretion were lowest at 12 to 24 hours of age. During diuresis, urine output tripled without a significant change in fluid intake so that output to intake increased to levels exceeding unity. Diuresis was associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion. By 108 to 120 hours of age, urine output decreased despite an increase in fluid intake. This was accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest that the initial antidiuretic phase is the result of a low fractional sodium excretion in the face of a low glomerular filtration rate. Subsequently, diuresis and natriuresis occur as a result of abrupt, nonmaturational increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion. With cessation of diuresis, glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion decrease and water and electrolyte output begin to vary appropriately with intake.
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Bausker, Sneha N. "The recording of fluid balance/intake-output." Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2996.2018.00116.7.

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Koop, Andree H., Fernando F. Stancampiano, Jillian Jackson, et al. "Association of Total Fluid Intake and Output with Duration of Hospital Stay in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7614381.

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Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of fluid balance with outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods. This was a retrospective study of patients hospitalized between May 2008 and June 2016 with AP and a clinical order for strict recording of intake and output. Data collected included various types of fluid intake and output at 24 and 48 hours after admission. The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS). Analysis was performed using single-variable and multivariable negative binomial regression models. Results. Of 1256 patients hospitalized for AP during the study period, only 71 patients (5.6%) had a clinical order for strict recording of intake and output. Increased urine output was associated with a decreased LOS at 24 and 48 hours in univariable analysis. An increasingly positive fluid balance (total intake minus urine output) at 24 hours was associated with a longer LOS in multivariable analysis. Conclusions. Few patients hospitalized for AP had a documented order for strict monitoring of fluid intake and output, despite the importance of monitoring fluid balance in these patients. Our study suggests an association between urine output and fluid balance with LOS in AP.
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Choi-Kwon, Smi, Young Hee Yang, and Yun Jung. "A Study on Fluid Intake and Output Measurements." Journal of Nurses Academic Society 25, no. 1 (1995): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.1.88.

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Guyton, A. C. "Long-term arterial pressure control: an analysis from animal experiments and computer and graphic models." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 5 (1990): R865—R877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.5.r865.

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Long-term arterial pressure control is very different from acute control, because many of the acute control systems are overridden by a single long-term mechanism that has little to do with short-term control. This is the renal fluid volume mechanism for pressure control. It is based on a simple functional property of the kidney: as the arterial pressure rises, the kidney output of water and electrolytes increases dramatically. When the output rises above the net intake of water and electrolytes, negative body fluid balance occurs, causing both the body fluid volume and the pressure to decrease. This decrease continues until the kidney fluid output exactly balances the net fluid intake. Conversely, if the pressure falls below the exact level for balance, intake becomes greater than output; then fluid builds up in the body and the pressure rises until intake and output again exactly balance each other. This fluid mechanism for pressure control has been known from the beginning of blood pressure research. However, its overpowering importance was not appreciated until a mathematical computer analysis in 1966 demonstrated the renal-fluid feedback mechanism to have infinite feedback gain for long-term pressure control. This is the principal topic of the present review.
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Lim, Siew Hoon, Mei Ling Lim, Fazila Abu Bakar Aloweni, and Shin Yuh Ang. "Audit of the appropriateness and accuracy of fluid intake and output monitoring: experience in a tertiary hospital." British Journal of Nursing 30, no. 11 (2021): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.11.660.

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Background: The current practice of fluid intake and output monitoring for hospitalised patients in one local acute care tertiary hospital was unclear and inconsistent. Inaccurate fluid balance monitoring and poor documentation can result in poor clinical outcomes. Aim: To provide an overview of the current practice of ordering, monitoring and documentation of patient fluid intake and output during hospitalisation. Methods: Electronic charts of 2199 adults were reviewed for appropriateness and accuracy of monitoring and documentation of the fluid balance records. Data retrieved for each patient included: (1) Was daily fluid balance monitoring clinically indicated? (2) Was daily fluid balance monitoring prescribed by the doctors or initiated by the nurses? (3) Was the daily fluid balance documentation accurate for the entire admission? Findings: Of the reviewed patients, 68% were on fluid balance monitoring, of whom 31% were prescribed by medical teams and 69% were nurse-initiated. Among patients who were receiving fluid balance monitoring, 78% were clinically indicated (35% prescribed by doctors), and 22% had no clinical indications (18% prescribed by doctors). Overall, documentation accuracy of the intake and output charts was 77%, with 100% accuracy in the oral and intravenous fluid intake, and 21% accuracy in the output documentation. Among the inaccurate documentation of monitoring with no quantifiable amount, ‘void in toilet’ was the most inaccurately documented (93.3%). Conclusions: It is vital to address the current disparities in hospital practice, which include prescribing fluid balance monitoring for patients without a clinical indication and documenting incomplete or poor quality information in patients' intake and output charts. Future quality improvement and research work is needed to improve patient safety and outcomes.
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Giegies, Elsandi, and Ani Haryani. "Nursing Care for Chronic Kidney Failure Patients with Fluid Management Intervention at the Dr. Regional General Hospital. Djarart Prawiaranegara Serang." Al Makki Health Informatics Journal 1, no. 2 (2023): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.57185/hij.v1i2.6.

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Problems often experienced by Chronic Kidney Failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy are related to excess fluid intake in the body. Patients with chronic renal failure who do not comply with fluid intake restrictions will experience fluid accumulation, causing pulmonary edema and left ventricular hypertrophy. The buildup of fluid in the body causes the heart and lungs to function hard, resulting in patients becoming tired and short of breath. while intake that is too low results in dehydration, hypotension, and impaired kidney function. Failed Diseases. Monitoring fluid intake and output in patients has proven to be effective in dealing with excess fluid volume. It is hoped that using non-pharmacological therapy is one method for patients with chronic kidney failure with fluid balance and electrolytes in fluid management interventions. The research results were obtained after fluid management was carried out to reduce fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with chronic renal failure, blood pressure improved, edema was reduced, skin turgor was good, there were no additional breath sounds, patients were able to understand the importance of limiting fluid and sodium intake. , and be able to measure and record food intake and urine output independently.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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Merson, Stuart James. "Fluid balance : sweat loss and fluid intake in humans." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34200.

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Hypohydration can impair the performance of exercise, and fluid balance is therefore of importance to athletes. This thesis aimed to investigate factors regarding fluid losses and gains, with a view to the performance of exercise. Chapter 3 investigated the effect of ingesting 600ml of hypotonic and hypertonic glucose solutions on blood, plasma and red cell volume in resting individuals. Ingestion of 6% and 12% hypertonic glucose solutions showed evidence of a transient decrease in blood and plasma volume possibly due to fluid movement into the intestinal lumen from the body. There was also a suggestion that ingestion of a 2% glucose solution increases blood and plasma volume in comparison to a 0% glucose solution.
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Corney, Robert A. "Energy intake and appetite responses following manipulation of fluid balance and intake." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/26876.

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Fluid intake and regulation are implicated in the control of energy balance and appetite. The studies in this thesis have examined the effects of fluid manipulation on appetite and energy intake. Fifty-eight young, predominantly Caucasian males were recruited to five studies. The age, height and body mass of the subjects were: 24.9 ± 3.8 y, 1.79 ± 0.1 m, 80.1 ± 14.8 kg (mean ± SD) respectively. In Chapter 3, 13 h of hypohydration after exercise in the heat did not influence energy intake at an ad-libitum buffet meal (P=0.436) compared to a euhydrated trial, although greater thirst (P < 0.001) and lower fullness (P < 0.01) was reported in the hypohydration trial. Chapter 4 demonstrated that there was no difference in energy intake or appetite after 24 h of hypohydration either with or without fluid during a semi-solid ad-libitum breakfast. Thirst and fluid intake were greater during the hypohydrated with fluid (HYPO-F; 618 (251) mL) than the euhydrated with fluid (EU-F; 400 (247) mL) trials (P < 0.01). Chapter 5 and 6 showed that a bolus of water (500 mL) immediately before an ad-libitum porridge breakfast reduced energy intake in both healthy and overweight and obese subjects (P < 0.001). The water preload increased fullness and decreased hunger compared to pre-trial in both studies (P < 0.001). In Chapter 7, 75 minutes before an ad-libitum lunch a post-exercise milk (MILK) based drink reduced energy intake (6746 (2035) kJ) compared to an isoenergetic flavoured carbohydrate (CHO) and water based drink (7762 (1921) kJ; 7672 (2005) kJ) (P < 0.05). This thesis has shown that when subjects are hypohydrated, either after exercise or after 24 h of fluid restriction energy intake is not different at an ad-libitum meal. However, there is an increased thirst and subsequent fluid intake before an ad-libitum meal (chapter 3 and 4). This effect was more acutely displayed when a bolus of water was provided immediately before an ad-libitum breakfast meal and subsequently decreased energy intake in both normal and overweight/ obese subjects (chapter 5 and 6). The possible mechanism for this was gastric fill and distension creating satiety before a meal. Chapter 7 has showed that when subjects consume isoenergetic drinks with different energy densities (milk vs CHO and water), before an ad-libitum lunch, energy intake was decreased when milk was consumed. Milk having an increased energy density due to larger protein fractions (casein) may further explain the decrease in energy intake found in chapters 5 and 6 by a similar mechanism. Therefore, gastric fill before a meal decreases ad-libitum energy intake by either the intake of water immediately before a meal or by milk as a more delayed response (75 min). The hydration status however, did not affect energy intake directly in our finding, although it did affect subsequent fluid ingestion, which may have affected findings in chapters 3 and 4.
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Nyman, Sara. "Water intake and fluid regulation in the horse /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5917-6.pdf.

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Sims, Jesse N. L. "Exploration of fluid intake practices in endurance running." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226656/1/Jesse_Sims_Thesis.pdf.

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Utilising a survey based approach, this thesis aimed to understand how fluid intake practices differ among endurance runners and characterise how fluid practices may reflect performance outcomes. The findings from this study indicate that collectively there is no difference between sex when exploring fluid intake beliefs and behaviours towards hydration optimisation strategies. This suggests that human behaviour is influential in understanding fluid intake practices in endurance runners. Fluid intake optimisation strategies are highly individualised and further research is still required to shape the avenue for future fluid intake recommendations.
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Daniell, W. E. "Seismic behaviour of reservoir intake towers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262826.

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Holland, Janice Lee. "Pasture Intake, Digestibility and Fecal Kinetics in Grazing Horses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29438.

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Pasture intake of grazing livestock needs to be estimated to allow determination of energy and nutrient intakes. It is commonly estimated by difference, subtracting intakes of other feeds from estimated needs for dry matter or energy. However, these estimates are often erroneous, because they do not take individual animal variation for growth, reproductive status or activity level into account. One method that has had success in grazing ruminants has been the use of markers, or tracers, to estimate fecal output and nutrient digestibility. External markers are dosed to the animal and can be used to determine fecal output. Internal markers are an inherent part of the diet in question and can be used to determine dry matter and nutrient digestibilities. These estimates can then be used to give estimates of intake. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional marker methods in determining fecal output, digestibility, and thus intake in grazing horses. The first trial was conducted on 8 mature mares and geldings, housed in stalls, to determine if a common external marker, Cr, could be used to determine fecal output. Horses were dosed once daily with a molasses, Cr, and hay mixture for 12 d. Feces were collected throughout the day into individual tubs so that total fecal output (TC) could be measured. Daily fecal Cr excretion values (Ct, mg/kg DM) were fit to a monoexponential equation with one rate constant (k), rising to an asymptote (Ca): Ct = Ca - Ca.e-kt. Superior fits were found when a delay (d) was incorporated into the equation, estimating the time required for Cr to enter the prefecal pool: Ct = Ca - Ca.e-k(t-d). Estimates of fecal output (FO) were calculated using the equation: FO = Cr dose-d / Ca and provided good estimates when compared to TC values. Subsequent trials evaluated to use of internal markers and more frequent dosing of Cr to improve estimates of intake. Eight mature geldings were housed in stalls and were fed 2 hays in a replicated Latin Square design. The monoexponential equation with the delay continued to fit the data well. Thrice daily dosing of Cr improved the predictions of FO, when dosing was every 8 h. The internal marker, yttrium (Y) consistently overestimated digestibility (D). The internal markers, n-alkanes, gave a better estimate of digestibility. When the digestibility estimates were combined with the FO estimates to estimate dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d): DMI = [FO / (1-D)]*100, the combination including n-alkanes gave better estimates. Further studies found that dosing Cr for 12 d did not improve the fit of the monoexponential equation compared to dosing for only 8 d. Marker methods that had been developed in stalls were applied to grazing horses, and results continued to be promising.<br>Ph. D.
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Maurer, Jaclyn, and Linda Houtkooper. "Fluid Tips for Training and Competition." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146640.

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Gonzalez, Candace M. "The Relationship between Dietary Intake of Magnesium, Fiber, and Fluid Intake and Constipation Using NHANES Data." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839229.

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<p> Chronic constipation is a common condition that is characterized by infrequent stools, sensation of incomplete defecation, and straining to have a bowel movement. There are no clear guidelines used across healthcare disciplines to diagnose constipation. The Adequate Intake (AI) for total fiber is based on observed median fiber intake level to achieve the lowest level of observed risk of coronary heart disease; while this level may help ameliorate constipation, this outcome was not used as the basis for the AI recommendation. Constipation was defined as &lt; 3 bowel movements per week. There was a statistically significant difference in fiber intake (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), magnesium intake (<i>p</i> = .004), and fluid intake (<i>p</i> = .015) among individuals with irregular bowel movements &lt; 3 per week compared to individuals who had ? 3 bowel movements per week. No association was observed between constipation and regarding physical activity outside of work, both moderate and vigorous. Additional research is needed to address the potential of different types of fiber (soluble vs. insoluble), different fluid intakes (milk, sugar sweetened beverages, coffee, etc.), and how these factors collectively relate to constipation.</p><p>
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Lindberg, Magnus. "Excessive fluid overload among haemodialysis patients prevalence, individual characteristics and self-regulation of fluid intake /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket[distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121983.

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Chidester, June C. "Adequacy of fluid intake of an elderly nursing home population." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845937.

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The actual fluid intake of forty (40) residents of a nursing home was determined by an analysis of detailed three-day food and fluid intake records obtained by direct observation. Intake was compared to an established standard to determine the adequacy of fluid intake for this population. Subjects were grouped in two groups according to age (<85 years and >85 years) to determine whether age influenced fluid intake. In addition, data such as number and frequency of medications and dependency factors, such as ability to feed self, ability to communicate, ability to move and ability to make decisions, were collected and correlated.There was no significant difference between actual fluid intake and required fluid intake for the population a whole and for the two age groups. However, there were individuals who had very low fluid intakes suggesting other factors which influence fluid intake. There were positive correlations between fluid obtained from non meal feedings and frequency of medication delivery and number of medications delivered during a 24 hour period. In addition, there were positive correlations among the dependency factors. There was no correlation among any of the dependency factors and fluid intake for the group as a whole or for the two age groups.It was concluded from this study that this population of elderly nursing home residents obtained adequate fluid. Medication frequency and number appeared to influence the amount of fluid that a resident might obtain during non meal feedings. However, as a subject became more dependent, this factor did not affect the fluid intake of this population.<br>Department of Home Economics
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Books on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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Stricker, Edward M., ed. Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0577-4.

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Stricker, Edward M., and Stephen C. Woods, eds. Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake. Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b111152.

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Stricker, E., and Stephen C. Woods. Neurobiology of food and fluid intake. 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004.

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E, Stricker, ed. Neurobiology of food and fluid intake. Plenum Press, 1990.

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E, Stricker, ed. Neurobiology of food and fluid intake. Plenum Press, 1990.

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Nestlé Nutrition Workshop (51st 2002 New Delhi, India). The control of food and fluid intake in health and disease. Edited by Farthing M. J. G and Mahalanabis Dilip. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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Workshop, Nestlé Nutrition. The control of food and fluid intake in health and disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

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Neill, Joanna Caroline. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and antagonists on food and fluid intake in the rat. University of Birmingham, 1989.

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García, Roberto. Hydrodynamic design of the fastrac turbopump. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Kim, Y. N. Computation of multi-dimensional viscous supersonic jet flow. Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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Mathias, Dietger. "Recommended fluid intake." In Staying Healthy From 1 to 100. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49195-9_36.

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Deutsch, J. A. "Food Intake." In Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0577-4_7.

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Mathias, Dietger. "The Recommended Fluid Intake." In Fit and Healthy from 1 to 100 with Nutrition and Exercise. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65961-8_42.

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Hassan, Eman A., and Ahmed A. Morsy. "Automatic Estimation of Fluid Volume Intake." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82199-9_35.

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Moretti, Gino, and Antonio Lippolis. "Transonic Airfoil and Intake Calculations." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-87875-5_14.

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Contreras, Robert J., and Edythe Bird. "Perinatal Sodium Chloride Intake Modifies the Fluid Intake of Adult Rats." In The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0366-5_3.

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Verbalis, Joseph G., and Edward M. Stricker. "Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fluid Intake and Homeostasis." In Neuroendocrinology in Physiology and Medicine. Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-707-9_18.

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Rolls, B. J. "Physiological Determinants of Fluid Intake in Humans." In Thirst. Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1817-6_25.

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Phillips, P. A., C. I. Johnston, and L. Gray. "Thirst and Fluid Intake in the Elderly." In Thirst. Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1817-6_26.

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Stellar, Eliot. "Brain and Behavior." In Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0577-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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Ahmed, Mohamed G. M., and Ahmed Mohamed G. Ahmed. "Effects of Fluid Over Pump Intake on Rod Pumping System Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210038-ms.

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Abstract The application of the reciprocating sucker rod pumping system has been growing steadily with the improvement in the system technology, which allows to open the application envelop of this system. Therefore, the need for a better understanding of the system performance is heavily required. Predicting the dynamic responses and loads is critically important to determine the operating situation, total system performance, and system output. Usually there is a perception of reducing the fluid level over the pump intake (intake pressure) will maximizing well production and system overall efficiency. This is not always true. In some cases, increasing fluid over the pump lead to more production, improving subsurface pump volumetric efficiency and improving system efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fluid level over pump on the overall system and production performance. In order to achieve that goal, the Sucker Rod Pump design simulator with actual field data has been used‥ The study analyzes the effect of well inflow, fluid PVT, pump size, setting depth, and running parameters. Actual field data are used. This study concluded that for wells producing with pump intake pressure below bubble point, especially low productivity wells, reducing pump intake pressure does not always increase well production. It also concluded that negative effect on the net production and equipment running live, which is in additional to increasing power consumption and reducing overall system efficiency. This study summarizes the results and lessons learned from successful use of system design and operation. The study provides practical recommendations supported by a series of case studies and multiple field examples where applying such approach increases the well production and net profit.
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Zope, Rohit A., Javad Mohammadpour, Karolos Grigoriadis, Matthew Franchek, and Yue-Yun Wang. "Parameter-Dependent Identification of the Intake Manifold System Dynamics in Spark Ignition Engines Using LPV Methods." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6015.

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Presented in this paper is a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) based algorithm for system identification of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems. An identification method based on the input-output representation of LPV systems is employed, where the coefficients of the model depend on external parameters assumed to be measurable in real-time. The identification problem is reduced to a problem of linear regression. Application of the proposed method to a quasi-LPV system developed from an intake manifold model of a spark ignition (SI) engine is demonstrated. Simulations performed using the GT-Power simulation tool and experiments performed on a 5.4-L V8 spark-ignition engine are used validate the accuracy of the proposed method.
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Furino, Stefano, Alessandro Canova, and Marco Pietropaoli. "Three-Dimensional Fluid Topology Optimization for Intakes and Exhausts Flow Uniformity." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-129156.

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Abstract In this work, Fluid Topology Optimization (TO) is used to optimize flow uniformity for intake manifolds and heat exchangers of industrial gas turbines. In manifold intakes, the solver minimizes the inflow distortion to the intake, while preserving mass flow, minimizing losses, and adopting a design that can be manufactured with standard processes. The core of the methodology is an in-house Fluid Topology Optimization solver, ToffeeX, extended in this work to minimize the deviation between the velocity profile at the outlet and a specified target. The TO method relies on emulating the natural sedimentation process inside a design domain. The fluid dynamic system is numerically solved, and a scalar design variable is iteratively updated following a Lagrangian optimization approach which ensures meeting the constraints as well as the minimization of the objective functions. In this regard, the optimization is multi-objective. Pressure losses and flow profile variance are simultaneously minimized. At the end of the process, the design solution is the set of regions with high impermeability (solid structures). The optimizer generates coherent structures that channel the flow to match the velocity target while maintaining low-pressure losses. Different levels of complexity and deviation coefficient are shown accordingly with the relative weights imposed on the multi-objective optimization. Even though related theoretical modelling and similar approaches have been briefly described in the literature, this is the first time that the algorithm has been successfully applied to a realistic geometry with correct Reynolds and in its operating conditions.
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Hiner, Stephen D. "The Use of 3D CFD Analysis in the Design of Air Intake Systems as a Visualisation Tool to Optimise Performance in Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68758.

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An optimised inlet air system design is an important factor in the gas turbine (GT) industry. Optimising the design of the air intake system is an increasingly challenging process as both the layout complexity and range of features that can be included in the intake system expands. These may include a combination of insect or trash screens, weather protection and filtration systems, silencers, anti-icing systems, ventilation system off takes and inlet heating or cooling systems for power augmentation. Poor designs can result in inefficient use of these components as well as losses in engine performance due to excessive pressure losses or distortion in the flow entering the gas turbine. High flow distortion, velocity, pressure or temperature, can induce compressor surge and high acromechanical stresses in compressor blades and vanes. In extreme cases this may result in blade or vane failures. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is a powerful tool for visualisation of the predicted flow through a hypothetical air inlet system prior to manufacture. The CFD output plots include flow streamlines and contours, of pressure, velocity or temperature, at any plane in the model. These enable pressure losses, flow distortion issues, potential recirculation areas and high local velocities within the system to be reviewed. This allows optimisation of the installation design to minimise system pressure loss and flow distortion, both through the components and at the engine interface. This paper, with reference to case studies of gas turbine applications, highlights the impact that CFD analysis can have on the design of intake systems to ensure that the best overall performance is obtained. The process of developing the CFD geometry and how significant features of an installation are modeled is outlined. Environmental and operational conditions, such as cross winds can impact the flow through an intake system; therefore, incorporation of such factors into the model boundary conditions are covered. Typical output metrics from the CFD analysis are shown from selected case studies; total pressure drop and flow distortion at the interface plane between the intake system and gas turbine. The importance of experienced interpretation of the CFD output to define potential intake design modifications to improve system performance is highlighted. In specific cases model testing has been carried out to validate CFD results. Case study examples are used to show the improvements made in air intake performance that contribute to increased operational efficiency of the gas turbine application.
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Mitri, Frederick B., and Kevin R. Anderson. "Design and Simulation of an SCO2 Opposing Piston Polygon Expansion Engine." In ASME 2024 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2024 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2024 18th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2024-121754.

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Abstract The expansion engine described herein is designed to operate on a waste heat driven Rankine cycle utilizing super critical carbon dioxide (SCO2) as the working fluid. The end use for this system is as a means of recapturing waste heat generated in the power production process. In this capacity, the system will utilize leftover waste heat to generate more usable power, thereby increasing the efficiency of the power plant at which it is installed. The polygon engine opposed piston expander design was chosen due to its higher possible power output when compared to more typical layouts. The SCO2 power cycle was chosen due to the high efficiency of supercritical power cycles. The system presented herein was found to have a power to weight ratio of 1.979 HP/lbm with a maximum output power of 190 HP at about 1000 RPM and roughly 970 lbf-ft of torque. The optimum valve timing was found to consist of an intake opening angle of 2.5°, an intake closure angle of 110°, an exhaust opening angle of 170°, and an exhaust closure angle of 360°. The existing cycle states with inlet at 200 °C/20 MPa/258.82 kg/m3 and outlet at 163 °C/12.7 MPa/176.78 kg/m3 were found to be ideal. Furthermore, the existing piston design consisting of a 3-inch piston with a 2-inch stroke was also found to be acceptable.
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Fu, Xue-Qing, Yan Zhang, Zhanming Ding, et al. "Numerical Study on High-Load Performance of a Two-Stage Boosted Poppet-Valved Two-stroke Diesel Engine." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0443.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two-stroke cycle is one of the most effective methods to increase the torque and power output of a four-stroke engine due to the doubled firing frequency compared to four-stroke cycle at the same engine speed. As the two-stroke cycle lacks separate intake and exhaust strokes, the positive pressure difference between intake and exhaust ports is required to drive fresh charge into the cylinder, and is affected by intake port structures due to the different amounts of short-circuited fresh charge during scavenging process. To evaluate the effects of intake port structures on the high-load performance of a boosted poppet-valved two-stroke diesel engine, one-dimensional gas dynamic model and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model were established and used to predict the high-load performance of the boosted two-stroke diesel engine with top-entry intake ports, inclined side-entry intake ports, and side-entry intake ports, respectively. The results show that the engine with inclined side-entry intake ports has a much higher scavenging quality coefficient than the engine with other intake port structures. The maximum brake power of the 4.1 L four-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine equipped with a two-stage serial boosting system with a turbocharger and a downstream supercharger can reach 1.4 times that of a 5.1 L four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine in the cases of top-entry and inclined side-entry intake ports, while that of the two-stroke engine with side-entry intake ports can only reach 1.2 times that of the four-stroke engine due to more power consumed by the supercharger resulted by large amount of short-circuited fresh charge. When the brake power of two-stroke engine is equal to 1.2 times that of the four-stroke engine, the intake pressure and mass flow rate of fresh charge are obviously decreased about 37.3% and 39.3% when intake port structure is changed from side-entry intake ports to inclined side-entry intake ports.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Zhang, Yuhan, Xu Dong, Zhenyu Li, Dakun Sun, and Xiaofeng Sun. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Steady Flow Distortion in Drooped Turbofan Intakes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-124697.

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Abstract In some civil aero engines, steady flow distortion in turbofan intakes is often caused by the non-axisymmetric geometry, mostly droop and scarf, and the trend of shortening the nacelle exacerbates this distortion. Much analysis of previous research has established models for numerically predicting the propagation of modes through the region of steady flow distortion, but experimental measurements of the internal flow field in the intake remain challenging. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of experimentally investigating the steady flow distortion in drooped turbofan intakes, providing a framework for a deeper understanding of the flow mechanisms in these intakes. Firstly, based on two types of geometrical shape, droop and scarf, three different geometries of intakes are designed, and the steady flow distortions they generate are compared using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Secondly, the generation mechanism of steady-state distortion will be briefly discussed. Finally, this study designs fan experiments under static inlet conditions. The experiments are conducted on an aspirated fan test rig, and total pressure and static pressure measurements are recorded with a 5-hole Aero-Probe. The research results indicate that the fan experiment is successful in capturing this steady flow distortion. Both droop and scarf type intakes cause minor steady flow distortion at the outlet of the intake, which rapidly decays in the duct.
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ElGammal, Tarek, Yi-Hsin Yen, Ryoichi S. Amano, Joseph Millevolte, Randal J. Mueller, and Bruno Lequesne. "Numerical Investigations on Intake Tube Design of Micro Kaplan Hydro-Turbine System." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7569.

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In this context, a numerical study was conducted to predict the performance of a small axial Kaplan hydro-turbine of 30 cm diameter that can be manufactured and installed vertically on a low head water level of less than 3 m. As a CFD simulation scheme, Large Eddy Simulation was selected to solve for the variables of turbulent flow due to its high fidelity performance for capturing time-variable turbulence wakes and eddies. Turbine intake tube dimensioning was primarily studied as an affecting element to maximize energy extraction with the set of initial design parameters. The intake tube was tested at six angles (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 degrees) and four lengths (50, 60, 75, 90 cm). The simulations were performed on a pre-determined water height, one diffuser design, and one set of stator-rotor having a rotational speed of 750 rpm. Maximizing the efficiency of a system with less material cost was the primary goal of the comparative study. After that, bellmouth profile was adopted to find out its influence on the system performance. Outcomes have proven the merit of higher slope per side length in enhancing output power with an average of 2.7 percent by full expansion from minimum to the maximum angle. Moreover, a corresponding marginal efficiency raise was observed by increasing intake slope, while it was found that the system acts poorly with longer intake tubes as both power and efficiency go down. Bellmouth profiles, based on the guidelines of the best straight design, significantly improved system output to reach 81 percent efficiency.
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Templalexis, Ioannis, Pericles Pilidis, Geoffrey Guindeuil, Theodoros Lekas, and Vassilios Pachidis. "3D Simulation of a Convergent-Divergent Aero Engine Intake, Using Two Different CFD Methods." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68526.

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This study refers to the development and validation of a Three Dimensional (3D) Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) to be used for internal flow case studies and more precisely aero-engine intake simulation. It examines the quantitative and qualitative response of the method to a convergent – divergent intake, produced as a surface of revolution of the CFM56-5B2 upper lip geometry. The study was carried out for three different sections namely: Intake outlet, intake throat and intake inlet. Moreover five different settings of Angle Of Attack (AOA) were considered. The VLM was based on an existing code. It was modified to accommodate internal flow effects and match, as closely as possible, the boundary conditions set by the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In the context of this study, Vortex Lattice-derived average values velocity profiles were compared against RANS CFD results.
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Jayashankara, B., and V. Ganesan. "Effect of Intake Port Bend Angle on Flow Field Inside the Cylinder of a DI Diesel Engine." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40046.

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This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to study the effect of intake port bend angle on the flow field inside the cylinder of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine under motoring conditions. The flow characteristics of the engine are investigated under transient conditions. A single cylinder DI diesel engine with two direct intake ports whose outlet is tangential to the wall of the cylinder and two exhaust ports has been taken up for the study. Effect of intake port bend angle (20°, 30°, and 40°) on the flow field inside the cylinder has been investigated at an engine speed of 1000 rpm. The pre-processor GAMBIT is used for model preparation and commercial computational fluid dynamics code STAR-CD has been used for solution of governing equations and post processing the results. CFD results during both intake and compression strokes have been compared with experimental results of Payri et-al [7, 8]. The predicted swirl ratio, radial velocity and turbulent intensity variations at different crank angles and at different locations are discussed. Distribution of velocity and turbulence intensity inside the cylinder is also discussed. It is observed that the intake ports with 20° bend angle produce maximum swirl and also results in a slight decrease in volumetric efficiency compared to intake ports with 30° and 40° bend angles and there is no appreciable variation in turbulent intensity. Hence, for the better performance of a DI diesel engine, it is concluded that the intake ports with 20° bend angle is most appropriate and CFD is an effective design tool to develop more efficient DI diesel engines.
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Reports on the topic "Fluid Intake and Output"

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Tharion, William J., Anthony J. Karis, and Reed W. Hoyt. Reliability and Validity of a Prototype Fluid Intake Monitor. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada492057.

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Lawson. L51597 Feasibility Study of New Technology for Intake Air Filtration. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010105.

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Inlet air filters are widely used to remove solids and liquid droplets from the ambient air before it enters the compressor of a gas turbine. Clean inlet air provides many advantages: Less corrosion of the compressor and of gas-path hot parts, such as the turbine, decreased compressor fouling, less erosion of the compressor bladeThese in turn prevent deterioration of output and heat rate, and reduce maintenance costs. Compressor fouling is caused by the ingestion of substances that deposit and adhere to blade surfaces, resulting in reduced aerodynamic efficiency and decreased available output. Air contamination could be significantly reduced by the use of more efficient air filtration systems, especially through the reduction of the quantity of smaller particles ingested. The consequent lower loss of output power and decreased cleaning efforts provide lower costs of operation and increased shaft power. This work was composed of three major efforts: 1) A literature search was performed to establish the state of the art for particle removal from gases, particularly by electrostatic precipitation, and to identify the leading vendors of the equipment-considering both experience and technical expertise. 2) Two chosen companies were visited to determine their technical capabilities as they apply to gas turbine inlet air filtration. 3) A representative gas turbine was specified by PRCI as being the equivalent of a GE Model 3002J turbine, with airflow of 91,200 acfm. A specification based upon that airflow was prepared and submitted to the two vendors. Each vendor prepared a proposal for a filter system compliant with the specification. The proposed air filtration equipment is sufficiently different from existing products that it was judged not beneficial to visit manufacturing facilities. Both vendors are reputable suppliers of air filtration equipment. This study is intended to provide definitive information relative to the use of new technology for air inlet filtration on gas turbines in gas pipeline pumping applications.
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Watkins, J. C. R5FORCE/MOD3s: A program to compute fluid induced forces using hydrodynamic output from the RELAP5/MOD3 code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6341078.

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Rossi, Martín, and Martín Gonzalez-Eiras. The Impact of Electricity Sector Privatization on Public Health. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011286.

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This paper uses provincial-level data for Argentina to test for the causal relationship between electricity distribution and health. It examines the impact of privatization on two output measures: incidence of low birth weight and child mortality rates caused by food poisoning. Privatization improves service coverage which, through the use of refrigerators, may improve nutritional intake. Privatization also results in a reduction in the frequency of interruptions, and thus may reduce the likelihood of food poisoning. Though the evidence indicates that privatization reduced the frequency of low birth weight and child mortality rates caused by food poisoning, the results are not strong enough to inform the policy debate with respect to the benefits of privatization for the welfare of the poor.
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Alvis, J., and G. Saulnier, Jr. Analysis of the fluid-pressure responses of the Rustler Formation at H-16 to the construction of the air-intake shaft at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7229509.

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Estrella, Tony, Carla Alfonso, Lluis Capdevila, and Josep-Maria Losilla. Machine learning for the analysis of healthy lifestyle data: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0065.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify and characterize machine learning algorithms used in data analysis of healthy lifestyle. The specific objectives are the study of a) terminology, b) healthy lifestyle variables analysed either input or output, c) programs and libraries used to analyse data, and d) sources, types, and quality of data analysed. Eligibility criteria: In this scoping review the inclusion criteria from studies that provide empirical information are as follows: a) studies must use machine learning models either supervised or unsupervised learning to analyses lifestyle data (input or output), b) studies must use real data from individuals for analysis, and c) the language of the studies must be English or Spanish. Furthermore, theorical studies focusing on a) the mathematical approach to explain algorithm construction, and b) guidelines for implementing the use of machine learning in the field of health will be excluded. Additionally, studies with simulated data and those aiming to develop a robot or app based on machine learning will be excluded. Regarding lifestyle, studies whose main topic is substance use, such as alcohol intake, or those related to smoking cessation will be manually excluded.
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Briones, Roehlano, Howarth Bouis, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Isabel Espineli, and Ma Lynell Maniego. Will Food Be Affordable to Filipinos by 2030? Alternative Expenditure Policies toward Ending Hunger by 2030. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.23.

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The current inflationary period has placed the spotlight on hunger and food insecurity, as the current Philippine Development Plan has strongly emphasized the attainment of food affordability for all Filipinos. This study offers a scenario analysis using computable general equilibrium modeling of household purchasing power and affordability of a diet with sufficient energy, protein, and Vitamin A. Scenarios posited are as follows: Reference scenario, which projects forward from recent past trends; the Subsidy scenario, based on producer support; and Productivity scenario, which is a long-term government investment focusing on general services. The scenario analysis finds the following: Under current economic trends, most Filipino households will be able to afford adequate levels of energy and protein by 2030, but not Vitamin A. The Reference scenario is also associated with higher relative consumer and producer prices, as well as far greater levels of output. Despite attenuation of sharp changes in the consumer price of rice and corn, changes in energy/nutrient intakes under the Subsidy scenario are just equal to those of the Reference scenario. The Productivity scenario entails significantly faster increases in energy, protein, and Vitamin A intake compared with the previous scenarios. The Productivity scenario also leads to smaller changes in price and greater changes in quantity compared with the other scenarios. Implications for policy may be summarized as follows: (a) Maintaining overall growth in the range of 5–6 percent per year is key to improving diet quality and thereby an affordable energy- and protein-sufficient diet; (b) The slightly favorable impact of rice subsidies on the price of rice and on energy/nutrient intake of households may not be worth the added risk of fiscal instability; (c) The scenario analysis tend to justify investing in general services such as research and development and infrastructure, as the preferred strategy to achieving affordable diets.
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Fu, Yuqi, Shuo Liu, Weijie Chen, Guohui Ruan, and Li Liu. Assessing the impact of ventilation on the potential airborne infection risk in hospital lung function room. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541663876.

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Controlling the spread of respiratory infectious diseases in healthcare settings is important to avoid nosocomial infection. We utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, real-time carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring, microorganism culturing, and microorganism sequencing to quantitatively assess the exposure risk of healthcare workers to infectious respiratory particles (IRPs) in one lung function room under two ventilation configurations. The original ventilation system supplied 2 air changes per hour (ACH) for fresh air and 2 ACH for recirculated air, while the retrofitted ventilation system supplied 6 ACH of fresh air. Indoor CO2 concentration and microorganism concentration decreased after the retrofit. The ventilation modification significantly improved the discharge efficiency for 5 μm IRPs and 50 μm IRPs. The intake fraction of 5 μm aerosols and 50 μm aerosols for HCW decreased by 0.005% and 0.006%, respectively. This study also reviewed the effectiveness of the above methods when evaluating building retrofit.
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Zheng, Wanzheng, and Jason Merret. Aerodynamic Survey of Novel eVTOL Configuration Using SU2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-014.

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This report summarizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) geometries using the SU2 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. Geometries were generated based on the Smart Transportation Infrastructure Initiative (STII) Rappor 15th iteration with various rotor-installment solutions. It was found that although open rotors installed on an underwing pylon were superior to shrouded rotors installed in a canoe, the canoe configuration would provide more potential for improvement, and using a canoe door to cover the first rotor opening would reduce the drag experienced by the canoe case below that upon the rod case. Rotor doors were found to be most efficient in reducing drag of the canoe case: Average drag reduction with covering the first rotor and all rotors was 66 and 165 counts, respectively. Changing rotor distributions along the chordwise direction had minimal impact on drag reduction, and placing rotors along the spanwise direction was not advised due to the increase of the projected frontal area. Increasing canoe chord length did not have significant impact on drag reduction; and if rotor doors were implemented, increasing canoe size had negative impact on drag. Rounding rotor edges did not change the aerodynamic performance of the canoe case but promotes vertical air intake when running lifting fans. Drag received by the canoe parabolically correlated to rotor diameter, with 126 counts of drag if the rotor diameter was 0 and 377 counts if the rotor diameter was 2.95 ft. Fuselage and tail added an average 179 counts of drag, and thus the aforementioned differences were still significant in the scale of aerodynamic properties of the full configuration.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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