Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fluide de fracturation'
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Touboul, Eric. "Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle d'un problème de fracturation hydraulique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECDL0004.
Full textCrognier, Nemo. "Evolution thermique, circulation de fluide et fracturation associées à la structuration du bassin d’avant-pays sud-pyrénéen." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3030/document.
Full textThe Jaca basin (Spanish Pyrenees) is a classical example of a foreland basin, where the sedimentary filling and the calendar of thrust activation have been extensively studied. It remains to understand the paleohydrology and the thermal history of the basin, so as to provide a fluid flow model related to its formation and deformation (Paleoecene-Oligocene). To do this, this work proposes to analyze the distribution of fracturing, to study the conditions of formation of syn-tectonic veins and to characterize the maturity of organic matter throughout the Jaca foreland basin, from hinterland to external areas.Petrographical, geochemical and microthermometric analysis of veins show that the vast majority of mineralizing fluids are at the isotopic and thermal equilibrium with the host-rock. In detail, we identified two main events of vein precipitation in the inner part of the basin (Sierras Interiores), probably related to major basement thrust activations. We suggest that fluids flow along decollement levels and are expelled over short distances (<10 km), through fracture networks towards the foreland basin. The other part of the basin mainly record local fluids, sometimes associated with the infiltration of meteoric water. Analysis of burial temperatures (50 °C to 250 °C), which includes Δ47 data, shows a relatively homogeneous N-S organization from the Sierras Interiores (gas window) to Sierras Exteriores (immature), with strong longitudinal anomalies. Thermal 1D modelling of 9 virtual wells suggest that the maximum temperatures of Sierras Interiores result from sedimentary accumulation, whose a large amount is now eroded. We propose that this eroded thickness corresponds to late-orogenic conglomeratic deposits near the axial zone. The data suggest an inhomogeneous distribution of the deposits along an E-W axis, involving more complex sedimentary transfers than usually discussed. Given our results and previous studies, the paleohydrological and thermal model of the Jaca basin, and on a larger scale, of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt, is compartmentalized both in space and in time, in response to the propagation of and oblique deformational front, which controls the opening of the system. The paleohydrological and thermal model of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt is therefore a potential analogue to fold and thrust belt including shortening due to an oblique convergence
André-Mayer, Anne-Sylvie. "Fluides et fracturations dans les gisements de type porphyre et épithermal." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10176.
Full textIn metallogeny, it is now obvious that fluids are the main vectors of metals and that fluids and deformations are closely associated in the mineralizing processes. This work deals about this two main aspects in the porphyry and epithermal environment. Fluid studies, realised in the epithermal district of Shila (SW Peru), allow to state a mineralizing model at the district scale. The differences observed in the PVT properties of the fluids seem to explain the different types and styles of mineralization. At Apacheta, studies of the vertical evolution of the physico-chemical parameters of the fluids in parallel to the mineralization show that differences, observed between deep levels (Pb-Zn) and shallower levels (AuAg), is directly linked to a fractionation of gases present in fluids during a boiling event. The geochemistry (crush-leach) of the fluids associated to this type of mineralization in various districts (Shila, Pero; Baia Mare and Apuseni Moutains, Romania; Pongkor, Indonesia) are similar whatever their geodynamic context and are comparable with the fluids associated to geothermal systems. Analyses of fracture networks has been realised at macroscopic scale on different (mineralized or not) vein systems. They allow in a first time to establish a new methodology to characterize paleostresses taking into account the influence of the fluid pressure. Applied on the Soultz-sous-Forêts vein system, this method gives realistic paleostress magnitudes linked to the reopening of quartz veins. The mineralized stockwerk of the Rosia Poieni porphyry copper (Apuseni Mts, Romania) has been chosen for a statistical and hydraulic characterization in order to understand how mineralized vein system evolve and grow. A 1D sampling of the stockwerk has been realized on 2000 fractures distributed on five levels of the open pit (910, 940, 1000, 1045 and 1060 ml. Various statistical analyses has been applied and heterogeneities observed in the stockwerk (metric scale) express directly variations in the copper content. Statistical description of the stockwerk properties seems thus to be a very powerful prospective tool. Estimation of hydraulic conductivities developed by veins has been realized and show equally heterogeneities at the quarry scale. The mean permeability developed by all the veins on each profile decrease from the deeper and more mineralized level (910m) to the highest level (1060m). High permeabilities developed on the 910 m profile are linked to the presence of major drains and the clustered organization of veins. The level 1060 m, characterized by numerous and thin veins with a homogeneous spatial repartition, develop a more pervasive permeability
Khadraoui, Sofiane. "Analyse des impacts environnementaux liés à l'exploitation des réservoirs non conventionnels." Thesis, Pau, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03969353.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impacts related to hydraulic fracturing operations by studying the adsorption mechanisms of chemicals additives used in fracturing fluids and to predict the evolution of these additives injected in large quantities into the shale. Based on the results obtained, it appears that bentonite has a high adsorption capacity of xanthan additive compared to other minerals contained in the shale. The three-model matrices bentonite, calcite and kaolinite have the same adsorption capacity of sp breaker additive. It also appears that xanthan is a biodegradable product, unlike sp breaker, which is a non-biodegradable product, requiring other treatment methods other than the biological method. These two results allowed us to conclude that Bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of return water for the elimination of the two products (xanthan and sp breaker), both of which are present in significant quantities in the return water (flow back) and present a fairly significant environmental problem. The results obtained by the rheology studies showed that the gelling agent (xanthan) has a high viscosity when applied under low shear stress and a low viscosity when applied under high shear stress. This shear stress tends to increase for the samples conserved for 24 hours and needs more energy to be injected into the shale. The water-gelling agent mixture behaves like a rheofluidifying fluid with a critical flow stress and flow is only observed when the applied shear stress is above this critical value. In addition, analytical, numerical and experimental hydraulic fracturing tests carried out in the laboratory on a number of cylindrical samples of synthesized PMMA showed that the flow rate and the initial crack size has more impact than viscosity on breakdown pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the analytical and numerical models compared to the experimental results. The results of the numerical simulation study are nearly the same as the experimental (real) results compared to the analytical study, because the analytical study only takes into account the depth of the crack, but the numerical simulation, which considers the shape of the semi-elliptical crack (half-length and depth). Key Words: shale, fracturing fluid, source rock, PMMA
Vandromme, Rosalie. "Approche des mécanismes de l'injection sableuse per descensum." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002979.
Full textLefort, Vincent. "Un modèle lattice pour simuler la propagation de fissures sous l’effet d’une injection de fluide dans un milieu hétérogène quasi-fragile." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3011/document.
Full textThis research study aims at developing a lattice-type numerical model allowing the simulation of crack propagation under fluid injection in a quasi-brittle heterogeneous medium. This numerical tool will be used to get a better understanding of initiation and propagation conditions of cracks in rock materials presenting natural joints where the coupling between mechanical damage and fluid transfer properties are at stake. If the final goal of the study does concern natural rocks, the model has been validated by different comparisons with experimental results obtained on cementitious materials mimicking natural rocks in term of mechanical and transport behaviours but presenting heterogeneities which are better controlled. The first part of the manuscript presents a general state of the art. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials where a significant fracture process zone is evolving upon failure. Only the solid phase is studied here and a statistical tool based on Ripley’s functions is adapted in order to extract a characteristic length representative of the correlations appearing between a set of point undergoing mechanical damage. This tool is then used in the context of numerical and experimental fracture tests on 3 point bending concrete beams. The results show that the lattice-type numerical model is able to capture the global fracture process – in term of force vs. crack opening mouth displacement – but also the local fracture process – in term of dissipated energy and correlation length evolution between damage points. Moreover, this statistical tool shows how the solicitation mode may influence the development of damage within a structure. The third part presents a new elasto-plastic damage constitutive law for joint modelling. The originality of the model lies in the coupling between mechanical damage under normal strain and plasticity under tangential strain. This new constitutive law is able to reproduce indirect shear experimental tests performed on mortar specimens presenting a plaster joint where a classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion fails. The fourth part is dedicated to the representation of the full hydro-mechanical coupling within the lattice-type numerical model. The hydro-mechanical coupling is introduced through a poromechanical framework based on the intrinsic and dual hydro-mechanical description of the lattice model, which is based on a "hydraulic" Voronoï tessellation and a "mechanical" Delaunay triangulation. The total stress links the mechanical stress and the pore pressure through the Biot coefficient of the medium whereas the local permeability, which drives the hydraulic pressure gradient, depends on the local crack openings. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions from the literature for "bi-wings" shape cracks and it is shown that both approaches present similar results for a perfect straight crack. Once the lattice-model has been successfully validated within the former parts of the manuscript, its fifth and last part is dedicated to the numerical simulation of the fully hydro-mechanical coupling problem of a free crack propagation due to fluid injection and its interaction with a natural joint in an heterogeneous rock medium. Different crack paths, which are not pre-meshed a priori, and different pressure profiles are obtained and compared for different joint inclinations. Finally, our statistical tool, which has been primarily developed for the analysis of the failure behaviour of the solid phase, is used to characterise the evolution of correlation lengths between points undergoing damage upon the crack propagation and its interaction with a natural joint. It is shown that the hydro-mechanical lattice model is able to represent different mechanism of crack stop and restart from a joint depending on its inclination
Baujard, Clément. "Modélisation de l'écoulement de deux fluides non miscibles dans des milieux fractures ; application à l'injection d'eau à grande profondeur et à la recherche d'eau douce en milieu côtier." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1324.
Full textThis work is focused on interpretation of data obtained on the hot fractured rock geothermal research site of soultz-sous-forêts, during reservoir development and forced circulation tests. The density contrast between fresh cold injected water and hot salted formation fluid implies complex field observations that could be treated by considering the two fluids as immiscible fluids. It was consequently decided to enhance the numerical code fracas, based on a discrete fracture network approach, in order to allow multiphase flows in fractures. The final purpose of this study is to underline eventual density driven flow and to evaluate the invaded reservoir volume during circulation tests
Sausse, Judith. "Caractérisation et modélisation des écoulements fluides en milieu fissuré : relation avec les altérations hydrothermales et quantification des paléocontraintes." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10306.
Full textNdongo, Alexis. "Contexte sédimentologique et tectonique du bassin paléoprotérozoïque de Franceville (Gabon) : structures de surpression fluide, bitumes et minéralisation uranium." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS068/document.
Full textMetallogenic deposits within paleproterozoic basins depend on generation and migration of fluids. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of tectonic, sedimentological and diagenetic setting of the uranium deposits in the Franceville basin and to characterize hydraulic fracturing impact on fluid migration processes in sandstone reservoirs.Tectonic study define the N180-170° transfer faults, associated with Archean tectonic and the N110-120° longitudinal normal faults. These two fault directions split the Franceville basin into small sub-basins. The longitudinal normal faults are associated with footwall anticlines and hanging wall synclines. The uranium deposits of Franceville basin are located in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults.Sedimentological analysis allows to describe four depositional environments: Fluvial (lower FA), deltaic (middle FA), tidal (upper FA), and open marine environments (FB). Facies distribution in the FA-FB transition promotes the establishment of permeability barriers. These latter are responsible of the increase in fluid pressure and of the formation of fluid pressure structures (dykes, stylolites, quartz veins), in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults. Increase in fluid pressure allows the migration of uranium-fluids, and hydrocarbon from the deep basin to the footwall anticline. Hydraulic fracturing processes lead the precipitation of uranium mineralization, associated with bitumen, in microfractures
Eljarray, Abdelali. "Circulations fluides et altérations hydrothermales associées à des dépôts U (As, F) dans le massif de Saint Sylvestre (NW du massif central français)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL009N.
Full textTalebi, Shahriar. "Source et propagation des émissions sismo-acoustiques engendrées par des injections de fluide dans un massif rocheux." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066306.
Full textMalvoisin, Benjamin. "Conditions réductrices associées à la serpentinisation : suivi magnétique de l'hydratation de l'olivine de San Carlos, étude de cas naturels et application à la production industrielle d'H2." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU002/document.
Full textSlow-spreading ridges are fed by a magmatic input and the exhumation of mantle peridotites. Part of the magmatic heat is evacuated through the hydrothermal circulation which can transport seawater up to the mantle rocks. A RedOx reaction between seawater and the olivine and pyroxene from the peridotite can then take place, producing serpentine, magnetite and hydrogen. This reaction, so-called serpentinization, controls the physical and chemical properties of the oceanic lithosphere and is, thus, considered in geophysical models even if its kinetics are poorly constrained. Therefore, this study focuses on the kinetics of San Carlos olivine hydratation, a simple serpentinization reaction. An experimental method has been developed which allows monitoring magnetically the kinetics of the reaction of interest through the amount of magnetite that it produces. This method provides also an indirect estimate of the hydrogen production when coupled to thermochemical modeling. The influence of initial grain size and temperature on the hydration kinetics has also been investigated. An increase in the serpentinization rate at the beginning of the reaction is explained by the formation of microtextures also observed in natural samples (fractures and etch pits) which contribute to the generation of new reactive surface area. The inferred kinetics of serpentinization are by one to two orders of magnitude lower than the one commonly input in geophysical models. In addition to this experimental study, a natural case of RedOx reaction involving serpentinites has been studied which deals with a decimetre wide reaction zone between serpentinites and marbles from Alpine Corsica. The presence of wollastonite, CaSiO3, is explained on a petrological and thermodynamical basis as related to highly reducing conditions characterized by the presence of H2-rich fluids in this subduction zone environment. These fluids are interpreted as resulting from the conservation of the reducing potential of serpentinites throughout the subduction process
Rozhko, Alexander. "Rôle des forces de succion sur la fracturation hydraulique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179530.
Full textDans la solution analytique, une cavité elliptique dans un solide poreux est remplie avec un fluide à une pression non-hydrostatique. On considère aussi que le milieu poreux est soumis à un champ de contrainte externe. Puisque la pression du fluide dans la cavité est différente de la pression de pore dans la roche; le couplage poro-élastique est pris en compte dans le calcul des déformations. A partir de la théorie de Griffith qui donne une condition pour la propagation d'une fracture, et en utilisant la solution analytique obtenue, une équation généralisée a été obtenue pour la contrainte effective dans le milieu. Cette nouvelle loi décrit la fracturation dans un milieu poreux saturé avec un fluide, et dans lequel la distribution de pression fluide n'est pas homogène.
Lespinasse, Marc. "Les trainées d'inclusions fluides : Marqueur microstructural des paléocontraintes et des migrations fluides." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0446_LESPINASSE.pdf.
Full textBranquet, Yannick. "Étude structurale et métallogénique des gisements d'émeraude de Colombie : contribution à l'histoire tectono-sédimentaire de la cordillère orientale de Colombie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_BRANQUET_Y.pdf.
Full textThe Colombian emerald deposits, hosted in the Lower Cretaceous series, form two zones along the western and eastern flanks of the Eastern Cordillera (western and eastern zones). Within both zones, metallogenic processes, hydrothermal fluid composition and fluid-rock interaction are similar. However, detailed structural mapping and geometric analysis evidenced that structural controls synchonous with the mineralization are drasticaly different from the western to the eastern zone: the western emerald deposits, as the Muzo and Coscuez ones, are characterized by compressive structures formed along tear faults, whereas the eastern emerald deposits, as the Chivor one, present extensional structures branched on a brecciated level which acted as a local detachment, gravity driven. This brecciated level corresponds to an evaporite dissolution residue. Petro-structural studies of veins and breccias show that high fluid pressures enhanced the propagation of the thrusts within the western deposits, where fluidization phenomena and associated hydraulic fracturing occurred. Regional cross-sections coupled with radiometrie datating of the emerald deposits show that : 1) at the time of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, when the western deposits formed, the western side of the Eastern Cordillera became a fold-and-thrust belt and experienced clockwise bloc rotations, prior to the major uplift of the Cordillera during the Andean phase (middle Miocene) ; 2) on the eastern side of the Cordillera, the emerald deposits are hosted in an unic regional stratigraphic level containing evaporites. The emerald mineralization occurred at the time of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, during a thin-skinned extensional tectonic event. This event predates the Andean major uplift of this eastern part of the Cordillera. In this area, Andean uplift results from right-lateral transpressional tectonics
Buschaert, Stéphane. "Origine, âge et processus physico-chimiques des circulations de fluides dans les fractures : exemple de socle sous couverture (Vienne) et de formations riches en argiles (Gard, Est)." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10233.
Full textThe study of minerals sealing the discontinuities and the cavities by past to recent fluid circulations is the only method to assess the paleo ?hydrological and -hydrogeochemical behavior of both sedimentary or granitic systems. Petrographic, mineralogic, isotopic and geochemical tools provide the opportunity to identify the source and the nature of sealing-forming waters and to precise the physical and chemical mechanisms occurring during fluid circulations. This study is focused on 3 sites selected in the framework of a survey managed by ANDRA for the feasibility of an underground laboratory (plutonites of Vienne, Cretaceous siltites of Marcoule, argillites in the Eastern part of the Paris basin). Our methodology, based on the combined use of C-O isotopic tracers, petrographic, mineralogical and thermal (fluid inclusion, organic matter, clay typology) studies, is a promising powerful tool to assess the paleo-hydrogeologic behavior in geological systems
Haji, Sotoudeh Mohammad. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du couplage hydromécanique de joints rocheux." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10198.
Full textKobchenko, Maya. "Fracturation durant la production interne de fluides dans les roches : application à la migration primaire d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU035/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the experimental work and the results on fracturing of rock samples and analogue materials due to internal fluid generation during chemical reaction. The first two papers concentrate on time-resolved 3D X-ray imaging experiment on organic-rich shale samples. Paper 1 describes fracture formation due to hydrocarbon generation in the shale induced by organic matter decomposition during heating. Paper 2 gives an overview of the experimental procedure and image analysis workflow, which were used to obtain results presented in the first paper. The other two papers are focused on fracturing of gelatin mixed with yeast and sugar, which generates CO2. Paper 3 describes the mechanism of fracture network formation during draining of CO2 out of a gelatine layer. Paper 4 focuses on the temporal evolution of the drainage network and the mechanism of fracture opening and closing. The last paper presents a study in which X-ray microtomography was used to characterize porosity distribution in weathered andesite samples. The scientific methods developed in this project have potential application in studying dehydration of sediments, formation of mud volcanoes, methane hydrate exploration and assessment, geological sequestration of carbon dioxide CO2 and hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs
Larmier, Salomé. "Génération de fluides, migration et fracturation au sein des roches mères : cas de la formation de la Vaca Muerta, bassin de Neuquén, Argentine." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1009.pdf.
Full textNatural hydraulic fractures caused by fluid overpressure phenomena are common in source rocks. They generally materialize in calcite veins more commonly known as "beef". The study of these veins makes it possible to better constrain the tectonic and thermal history of the basin. Moreover, understanding their spatial distribution is a key parameter for unconventional oil exploitation, as the beef plays an important role on the development of induced hydraulic fracturing. This work presents a multidisciplinary approach in the field of geosciences to constrain the timing, distribution, morphology and origin of the fluid feeding the beef. The case study is from the Vaca Muerta formation, Neuquén basin, Argentina. The results of studies carried out on sediment cores and outcrops showed that sedimentary heterogeneities, high TOC values, rock maturity and compressive tectonic stresses controlled the frequency and thickness of the beef. Thus, they become markers of rock maturity. Beefs have a 3D morphology that varies according to the surrounding rock. Petrographic observations have shown that they record the contemporary and posterior deformation of their opening. The fluids that feed these fractures evolve over time and change locally according to the mineralogical composition of the surrounding rock and temperature. To conclude, the beefs are mechanically set in place by the action of fluid pressure and/or compressive tectonic stress, at the maximum burial and at the beginning of the exhumation of the basin
Zanella, Alain. "Surpression de fluides et fracturation de roches mères en différents contextes tectoniques : modélisation analogique et exemples de terrain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980281.
Full textSalardon, Roland. "Fracturation, interactions fluides-roches et circulations fluides dans un bassin en hyper-extension puis lors de son inversion : Exemple des séries mésozoïques de la Zone Nord Pyrénéenne (Chainons Béarnais, France)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0342/document.
Full textInteractions between fracturing, fluid circulations and fluid chemistry on hyper-extended margins is still poorly described as most of them are located offshore, buried underneath post-rift sediments. The southern Aquitaine basin and the northern Pyrenees constitute an appropriate case study to investigate these interactions since a model of hyper extended margin with mantle exhumation during the Lower Cretaceous subsequently inverted was recently proposed. From a field study, we here describe three main sets of fractures (set 1 to set 3). They are correlated with main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin corresponding to the Liassic rifting, the Aptian-Cenomanian hyper-extension, and the Pyrenean compression. Petrographic observations, Raman and micro-thermometry analysis on fluid inclusions, ICP-MS, and isotope analysis permitted to determine chemistries, temperatures, redox conditions, gas compositions, oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures, and REE contents of parent fluids for cements precipitated during each episode. In particular saddle dolomite and chlorite precipitated in set 2 fractures during the hyper-extension corresponding to the thermal peak at temperatures higher than 300°C. The isotopic signature, the high CO2 content, the occurrence of H2S and the high salinity of parent fluids suggest ascending mantle fluids percolating across Triassic evaporites. The late and post hyper-extensional phase is characterized by hydraulic brecciation in porous formations, a decrease in temperature and salinity, a decrease in mantle contribution in parent fluids, a closing of the diagenetic system during burial and a switch to reducing conditions during the precipitation of quartz, pyrite and calcite. The Pyrenean compressive phase associated with the third fracturing stage induced a reopening of the diagenetic system and favored a return to oxidizing conditions and infiltrations of meteoric fluids
Sauvage, Anne Charline. "Rôle des fluides dans la fracturation des bassins sédimentaires et mécanismes de failles-valve : exemple des minéralisations barytiques de la Ride de Lodève (Hérault, France)." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0891.
Full textFaivre, Maxime. "Modélisation du comportement hydrogéomécanique d’un réseau de failles sous l’effet des variations de l’état de contrainte." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0080/document.
Full textIn the present work, we address the issue of groundwater flow in the fractured porous media submitted to local or regional stress-state variations. Due to the increasing pore fluid pressure, the length and aperture distribution of the fractures are modified resulting in the formation of preferential flow channels within the geological formation. The numerical approach proposed is a fully coupled hydro-poro-mechanical model in saturated conditions involving single-phase flow both in fractures and in the porous matrix. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is employed for modeling fracture dynamics and flow calculation for fracture which do not lie on the mesh but cross through the elements. In this study: (i) we consider the pressure build up generated by fluid flow inside and through the fracture, (ii) the fracture dynamics by using a cohesive zone model (CZM) on pre-existing propagation path and (iii) fluid exchanges may occur in between fractures and porous medium. The last specification of the HM-XFEM model is taken into account through the introduction of a Lagrange multiplier field along the fracture path. These fields are the result of the dualised condition of pressure continuity between the pore pressure and the fluid pressure inside the fracture. As a function of the Lagrange multiplier value, both permeable and impervious fractures can be considered. The cohesive law employed is a non-regularized-type cohesive law to ensure propagation and eventually closure of the fracture. Validation of the model has been conducted by means of the well-known KGD fracture model when different propagation regimes are considered. We applied the HM-XFEM model to the case of multi-stage fracture network stimulated by the injection of incompressible fluid at constant rate. Fractures are not connected to each other and evolve on pre-existing propagation paths. We aim at appreciating the influence of the fluid viscosity, the injection rate and spacing between each fracture, on the fracture propagation. A peculiar attention is paid to the stress-shadowing effect (i.e. interaction between fractures)
Constantin, Joël. "Fracturation et paléocirculations de fluides dans les formations géologiques de faible perméabilité matricielle : le cas des argilités de Tournemire (Aveyron, France)." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112017.
Full textDeep argillaceous formations have physical properties likely to favour the long-term radioactive waste disposal (very low intrinsic permeability, radioactive element retention). But, these properties may be changed by the existence of discontinuities in the host medium. It's why, the characterization of the processes of fluid migrations associated with the fracturing was necessary within the experimental research program, launched by the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection (IPSN), which study a thick Toarcian formation composed of claystones (argillites) located on the Tournemire area (Aveyron, France). In the first step, the microtectonic and kinematic analysis provided the chronology of deformation with the main steps of the setting and the evolution of the tectonic fractures network. The microstructural analysis of the filling fractures showed fractures was alternatively, during the tectonic events, tight, permeable or semipermeable (or semi-tight). These "hydraulic states" were controlled by the nature and architecture of the structures of deformation and by the petrophysics properties variations of the argillites in the core zone and damage zone of the fractures. Mechanisms involved in the permeability variations in the fractures were argued and some parameters, as the magnitudes of differential stress, were estimated by the dynamic analysis of the twinning of calcite crystals contained in the core zone of fractures. Besides, the twinning analysis provided several data about the contexts of deformation and the development of the fractures network in the argillites
Cavailhes, Thibault. "Architecture et propriétés pétrophysiques des zones de faille dans une série gréso-pélitique turbiditique profondément enfouie : rôle de la déformation et des intéractions fluides-roches : exemple des grès d'Annot (France)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20270.
Full textArchitecture and petrophysical properties of fault zones affecting a deeply buried silico clastic arkosic succession : Role of deformation mechanisms and fluid-rock interactions.Example of the Grès d'Annot (external Alps)
André, Grégoire. "Caractérisation des déformations méso-cénozoi͏̈ques et des circulations de fluides dans l'Est du bassin de Paris." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10179.
Full textThe succession of different fracturing and fluid circulation events has been established for the Eastern part of the Paris Basin. Synsedimentary deformations in the Jurassic units, palaeostresses and fluid palaeocirculations are described on the basis of new field observations and isotopic analyses of diagenetic and tectonic materials. On the basis of the decompaction data and the discovery of sedimentary dykes, an extension tectonic context is defined from the end of Dogger to the Malm. These early deformations fit in a general tectonic timetable, starting from the end of the Mesozoic to the present, and in which the palaeostresses have been integrated. A study of bedding stylolites has confirmed their role during compaction as well as during later tectonic reactivation. Finally, analysis of the isotopic composition (d18O and d13C) of calcites from tension gashes and rocks provide important constraints on the origin of the palaeofluids which circulated from Jurassic to Tertiary
Turkaya, Semih. "Understanding the evolution of channeling and fracturing in tight rocks due to fast fluid flow." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH021/document.
Full textFluid induced brittle deformation of porous medium is a phenomenon commonly present in everyday life. From an espresso machine to volcanoes it is possible to see traces of this phenomenon. In a rectangular Hele‐Shaw cell we inject air into a loose porous medium. Then, we monitor this system using optical imaging using a high speed camera (1000 fps) and 4 high frequency resolution accelerometers. Using the numerical and experimental acoustic emissions, different sources of the recorded signal (vibrations due to air, changes in the effective stress due to fluid‐solid interactions) are analyzed. We found that, the peaks in the low frequency range (f < 20 kHz) diminishes while the medium fractures. Furthermore, we propose a new signal localization method based on energy amplitude attenuation and inversed source amplitude comparison. Furthermore, using optical and acoustic datasets and numerical simulations, the mechanics leading Type‐A and Type‐B earthquakes are explained
Imbert, Tony. "Caractérisation de la rigidité diélectrique de fluides et d'une roche en fonction de leur conductivité, de la température et de la pression." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3036.
Full textThe global energy emergency requires more energy-efficient systems. In addition, it is necessary to make an energy transition to technologies that emit less greenhouse gases. For these reasons, pulse power technologies will have a role to play in tomorrow’s energy mix.Many resources are located below the surface of our planet (water, gas, fossil fuels, precious minerals, geothermal energy...). In addition, the urbanization of our cities with the development of means of transport, wastewater treatment, electricity and heat networks pushes us to exploit the underground space. For this operation, the implementation of industrial methods is inevitable in allowing a fast, energy-efficient and low-cost production. However, current methods of crushing, fracturing or drilling encounter a low production rate when processing hard and abrasive rocks. The fracturing method called electric fracturing could be an alternative method. This method uses electrical discharges in fluids to crush rocks.The purpose of this thesis is to establish an experimental database for understanding, predicting and optimizing the process. In particular, the influence of all parameters related to both the properties of the medium (temperature, conductivity and pressure) and the characteristics of the electrical circuit on the insulators dielectric strength tested must be studied. Particular attention is paid to controlling the phenomenology of the landfill under these experimental conditions.In this manuscript, electrical discharges are characterized on the basis of experimental tests that are interpreted through theoretical studies and numerical simulations. First, the minimum voltage required to initiate an arc is determined by the U50 method and its associated energy consumption is calculated. These tests are performed both according to the internal parameters of the pulse system (stored energy, supply voltage and electrode geometry) and also according to external parameters (conductivity, pressure and temperature of the medium). In a second step, the electric field threshold that allows to change the breakdown mode is determined according to the parameters external to the pulse system. This transition from subsonic to supersonic mode is determined from the propagation time of the electrical discharge and the energy consumption during the pre-arc phase. The conditions leading to the initiation of the electric arc in fluids or rocks are compared. Particular attention is paid to the arc resistance and maximum current that define the power transmitted in the medium
Sauvage, Anne Charline. "Rôle des fluides dans la fracturation des bassins sédimentaires et mécanismes de failles-valve [sic] : exemple des minéralisations barytiques de la ride de Lodève (Hérault, France) /." [Fontainebleau] : École des mines de Paris, [Centre d'informatique géologique], 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37704085q.
Full textFourno, André. "Modélisation multi-échelle des transferts en milieux fracturés : application au site de Äspö (Suède)." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2277.
Full textIn the field of nuclear waste storage, the geological barrier is the last transfer zone for radio-elements. Since fractures are to be found in geological media, special emphasis is put on improving modeling approaches to transfer processes in fractured media. It remains a challenging task due to the medium complexities. In addition, for post closure natural flow conditions, flow is slow and diffusion processes play a major role contributing to the retention of the plume. In this context, a Smeared Fractures approach was developed for a Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element scheme and implemented in our code, Cast3M. The fractured block is represented on regular mesh, the presence of the fracture being taken into account through an heterogeneous field of parameters. Considering conservation of flow and mass fluxes for each fracture, these parameters are derived. The Smeared Fractures approach, comparable to discrete modeling for flow, takes full 3D matrix block geometry into account for transport. The discretization have to comply with criteria that were established. Nevertheless, within these boundaries coarser discretization is possible allowing for notable computing costs. The validation and qualification phase was conducted for 2D and 3D cases. These include results on synthetics and realistic systems, for different flow regimes and parameter values. The approach is finally applied on several cases from the Äspö site, Sweden
Saetta, Valeria. "Micro-seismicity and hydro-mechanics of fractured rock masses : experiments and numerical simulations." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL039N.
Full textThis dissertation forms part of a larger research field which deals with using seismic monitoring systems to better understand the behavior of natural rock slope appealing to the laboratory and in-situ experiments and the numerical simulation. For this purpose, a small scale rock mass, former instrumented from the geo-hydro-mechanical point of view, bas been chosen for installing a seismic monitoring system. Ln this site, it is possible to easily induce a known hydraulic charging and to measure displacements and pressures in many meaningful points. The results of the in-situ experiments highlight the existence of micro-seismicity induced by a variation of water pressures and the repetitiveness either of the hydro-mechanical and micro-seismic behavior. From results, it bas been hypothesized that the micro-seismic activity onsets when water pressure increases in less permeable zones. The Finite Elements numerical modeling of the site allows to calculate the stress variations due to hydraulic charging and to assess if stress variations could generate seismic sources. Series of cores have been taken from the site in order to tested rock material and rock fractures in laboratory, associated with acoustic emissions. Lt results that little stress variations due to water pressure, calculated for the site, do not explain the micro-seismicity observed in laboratory. A micro-mechanical model using Boundary Elements Method (Displacements Discontinuity Method) which simulates the hydro-mechanical behaviour of rock joints sample under normal compression is proposed taking into account the joint topography. Results confirm the laboratory observations and show that the hydrostatic charging can induce instabilities, when contact areas open, comparable to the ill-situ micro-seismicity
Surma, Fabrice. "Détermination de la porosité des zones endommagées autour des failles et rôle de l'état du matériau sur les propriétés d'échange fluides-roches : Minéralogie, structures de porosité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13169.
Full textFault zone structure is characterized by a fault core (gouge, cataclasite, mylonite), a damage zone (small faults, fractures, veins fold) and a protolith. We can clearly describe these structures in the Soultz-sous-Forêts granite (HDR Project, France) and in the Nojima Fault zone (Kobe, Japan). This work shows us that the structures are the same ones in the two sites in spite of their different deformation mode : one in extension and the other in compression. We propose, starting from the petrographic observations, a study of porosity and physical properties, a fluid flow model in a altered and fractured granite, taking into account the evolution of the fluid pressure and the processes of dissolution-precipitation during an earthquake. In the case of extension, the intersismic period is associated to an opening of the fractures in the fault damaged zone and an increase in porosity due to the rock alteration. During the earthquake, the fractures are closed and the fluid is expelled. In the case of compression, the intersismic period is associated to the closing of the fractures in the matrix and the expulsion of the fluids towards the fault whereas during the earthquake the fractures open because of the fluid pressure increase. Thus, there is a constant competition between the processes which enhance permeability and those which tend to reduce it. These processes (stresses, mineral precipitation, fluid pressure variation. . . Etc) are the same ones in the various contexts, but they do not interfere at the same time during an earthquake
Jeanne, Pierre. "Architectural, petrophysical and hydromechanical properties of fault zones in fractured-porous rocks : compared studies of a moderate and a mature fault zones (France)." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4016.
Full textAlthough fault zones represent a very small volume of the crust, they highly influence the crust’s mechanical and fluid flows properties. This work compares high definition trans-disciplinary analyses of two fault zones with highly contrasted properties. One is a mature fault zone of plurikilometer length, and the other is a small fault zone of a few hundred meters length. We have characterized the architectural, hydromechanical and strength properties of these faults to improve the understanding of the coupling between fault zones hydromechanical properties and their potential activation. A protocol to characterize in the field (on outcropping segments) the faults hydraulic and mechanical properties has been conducted through the coupling of micro-structural analyses, detailed rock physical descriptions at the rock mass several scales. The two studied fault zones despite their different sizes display some similarities. Both show a strong coupling between the fault zone diagenetic history, the initial properties of the sedimentary layers and the fault zone current hydraulic and mechanical properties. We show that the most important parameter governing the hydromechanical behaviors of fault zones is the continuity of the damage zones. A mature fault zone will have a relatively continuous damage zone while a small fault zone will contain a more heterogeneous damage zone characterized by an alternation of fractured and un-fractured layers. These architectural contrasts of damage zones also depend on the initial intact rock properties of the sedimentary series. Contrasted initial intact rock strengths (σc) induce contrasted strain accommodation mechanisms in the fault zone compartments, and an associated fault zone architecture that displays large thickness variations, characterized by alternate high-permeable-low-stiff and low-permeable-high-stiff layers in the damage zone
Clavaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude des proprietes de transport (hydraulique et electrique) des roches : effets de la microstructure, de la presence de plusieurs fluides, de la fracturation et de l'interaction eau-roche." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077016.
Full textMustapha, Hussein. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement dans des milieux fracturés tridimensionnels." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S166.
Full textKadiri, Imad. "Modélisation hydromécanique des milieux fracturés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL066N.
Full textMalvoisin, Benjamin. "Conditions réductrices associées à la serpentinisation : suivi magnétique de l'hydratation de l'olivine de San Carlos, étude de cas naturels et application à la production industrielle d'Hú." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934238.
Full textBruel, Thierry. "Caractérisation des circulations de fluides dans un réseau fracturé et rôle des contraintes "in situ". Une étude de cas dans le bassin permien de Lodève." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20228.
Full textSavard, Catherine. "Modélisation numérique 3D de l'écoulement et des échanges isotopiques dans des réseaux de fractures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23838/23838.pdf.
Full textLefèvre, Mélody. "Propriétés structurales, pétro-physiques et circulations de fluides au sein d'une zone de failles dans les argiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4320/document.
Full textFault zones concentrate fluids migration and deformations in the upper crust. The shale hydraulic properties make them excellent storage sites and hydrocarbon reservoirs/source rocks. Fault zones can play two roles in the fluid circulation; drains or barriers, in general, both roles are combined within the same fault zone. What are the conditions that promote the fluid circulation along the fault zones in shales and what are the fault zone impacts on the formation properties are relatively poorly explored key questions. This study focused on characterizing the relationships between fault architecture, paleo-fluid as well as current fluid circulations through the analysis of fault calcite mineralization, injection tests and petrophysical properties conducted on a fault zone outcropping underground in the Tournemire research laboratory nested in the Toarcian shale. The fault zone structure was characterized using boreholes data and reconstructed in 3D through modeling to define different deformation facies. No clear facies organization is observed, a fault core and a fault damage zone being difficult to define as it is in hard rocks. The intact, fractured and breccia facies are characterized by a porosity of 9.5-13.5, 10-15 and 13-21%. Large fluid flowrate concentrated along a few “channels” located at the breccia boundaries and in the secondary fault zones that displayed fractured facies and limited breccia fillings. Detailed microstructural and geochemical analysis at the breccia/fractured zones interface revealed that fluids circulated out of the main shear zones, in micro-more or less inherited fractures highlighting a decoupling between fault slip and fluid migrations
Ayt, Ougougdal Mohamed. "Contrôles magmatiques, structuraux et hydrothermaux de la formation des épisyénites de la marche occidentale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_AYT_OUGOUGDAL_M.pdf.
Full textBossennec, Claire. "Évolution des propriétés de transfert des grès par diagénèse et déformation : application aux formations du Buntsandstein Gp., Graben du Rhin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0154.
Full textThe Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is the target of a renewed development of the exploitation of oil and gas resources, since the discovery of the Roemerberg field in 2008. Strong improvements were made on the understanding of the petroleum system, and on the characterization of the oil and source rocks families, and migration pathways. The interactions between faults systems and fracture network, fluid flow and fracture infill, and fracture/matrix transfers, during the burial and rift opening, are the purpose of this PhD research, focused on Buntsandstein Gp. sandstone reservoir. Through the study of several outcrops on the URG shoulders, core and well logs data (Roemerberg field), the following aspects are investigated. Structural features of the fracture network in the reservoir and in the vicinity of major fault systems are characterized, with the identification of fracture families (infill and orientation), not always parallel to the major faults. Chemical and isotopic composition of matrix and fracture diagenetic phases are analysed, to determine conditions of cementation : Temperature, type of fluid, absolute dating when possible, or relative timing. The impact on petrophysical properties is assessed by investigating the influence of diagenetic processes on pore network properties, and on "bulk" petrophysical properties. These analytical results are integrated in a renewed conceptual model of fluid flow in the basin, and give new insights on the interactions between diagenesis, fault activity and fluid-flow, and their impact on petrophysical properties at the fault scale through geological times
Loiseau, Philippe. "Etude structurale et geostatistique des gneiss de la region du cezallier : modelisation tridimensionnelle de reseaux de fractures, application a l'ecoulement des fluides." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2055.
Full textXie, Ni. "Modélisation couplée du comportement hydromécanique des roches poreuses quasi-fragiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10035.
Full textThis study concerns a micromechanics-based modeling of poromechanical behaviors of quasi-brittle porous rocks. The general framework adopted is that of up-scaling technique combined with irreversible thermodynamics. We first determine the effective property of quasi brittle rocks weakened by microcracks via the rigorous Eshelby-based homogenization method. The frictional sliding along surfaces of closed microcracks is interpreted as an irreversible dissipation process and responsible for the induced damage. An elastoplastic damage model is formulated with the inelastic strain inherently coupled with damage evolution. A Coulomb-type friction criterion serving as plastic yielding function and a strain energy release rate based damage criterion are proposed. The second part aims at extending the micromechanical modeling to poromechanical behavior of saturated porous rocks. The influence of fluid pressure is taken into account in the friction criterion through the concept of local effective stress. It is also manifested that the frictional sliding between crack surfaces generates volumetric dilatancy and causes reduction in fluid pressure. Applications of the proposed model to typical brittle rocks are presented and compared with experimental data in both drained and undrained triaxial tests. The last part of this dissertation deals with the hydromechanical modeling of single fracture subject to normal stress. Both experimental studies and theoretical modeling are carried out. The generalized Biot coefficient, in the form of a function of the fracture displacement, is introduced to describe the coupled behavior between fracture deformation and pore fluid pressure
Moisy, Michel. "Evolution de la perméabilité et de la circulation des fluides hydrothermaux dans une zone de cisaillement fragile." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529983.
Full textVidal, Jeanne. "Altérations hydrothermales associées aux zones de fractures à l'interface de la couverture sédimentaire et du socle cristallin dans le Fossé rhénan supérieur : application aux forages géothermiques de Rittershoffen (Alsace, France)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH008/document.
Full textThe knowledge of the fracture network is a key challenge to understand the fluid circulation through a reservoir. The aim of this PhD project is to investigate the natural fracture network that channelized the hydrothermal circulations into two deep wells GRT-1 and GRT-2 at Rittershoffen (Alsace, France) that intersect Triassic sandstones and altered granitic basement in the framework of an industrial geothermal project. The structural study of the fracture network was based on acoustic image logs correlated with standard geophysical logs, whereas the mineralogical study was based on cutting samples. Permeable fracture zones of wells at Rittershoffen present an asymmetrical organization of permeability. Open fractures at the borehole scale act as fluid pathways surrounded by halos of hydrothermal alteration. These fracture zones are associated with local thermal anomalies in the temperature profiles at the borehole scale. Occurrences of heterogeneous illitic minerals could be a good indicator to prospect zones of actual and past circulations at the borehole scale
Tran, Trung Duc. "Modélisation hydro-mécanique avec prise en compte de la production d’hydrogène dans les ouvrages de stockage des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10168.
Full textThe first part of this work is about the evaluation of a pressure of gaseous hydrogen produced by HA cells passing through the interfaces to the drift. Indeed, the calculations without consideration of interfaces show that the transfer of hydrogen takes place primarily by diffusion of hydrogen into the water through the foundation. However, in storage, the presence of many interfaces by construction (between bentonite core - Argillite etc.) or by fracturing of materials under the effect of hydrogen pressure, are the preferential pathways for transfer of gaseous hydrogen. The GTI (Gas Transfer in Interface) model was chosen to simulate the transfer of hydrogen produced by the HA cells to the backfilled drift. The maximum hydrogen pressure in the backfill is obtained in the case where the interface is always open. At 4500 years it goes from 5.2 MPa (always open interface) to 3.8 MPa by the valve effect due to the increase of hydrogen pressure. The comparisons between numerical simulations with and without taking into account the hydrogen pressures show that hydrogen pressures no or very little impact the pore pressure, the effective radial and orthoradial stresses. As a result, the simulations may be performed by considering a hydrogen pressure at atmospheric pressure, which is to work in a biphasic medium. The second part concerns the fractured zones induced by the excavation of volume. And the observations in the laboratory Meuse Haute Marne show the anisotropic fractured areas around drifts and HA cells consist of vertical and horizontal discontinuities. The weak anisotropies of stresses and Young modulus for the drifts oriented along σH (σv approximativement égal à σh) is not possible to reproduce the strong anisotropy of fractured areas in the plane σv - σh by a hypo-elasticity model with anisotropic initial diagenesis. For modelling these discontinuities, a rheological model was developed by EGC named SC2D combining two types of elastic-plastic behavior: one is associated with an anisotropic damage resulting behavior of the argillite enhanced by calcite and the other characterizing the phase of clay that means the argillite without reinforcement by calcite and plastic deformation when the stress state reaches the surface of diagenesis. Damage coefficients are evaluated from an extension relation of Weibull in considering the expansion deformations in the directions of diagenesis X(σH), Y(σh), Z(σv). The drifts around the fractured zones are characterized by areas where damage coefficients are unitary. Furthermore, the discontinuities are activated when damage reachesoefficient unit and these discontinuities are perpendicular to the directions of diagenesis and vertical or horizontal with them
Berthe, Guillaume. "Évolution des propriétés de confinement des roches-couvertures type argilite soumises à des fluides enrichis en CO2 : impact des discontinuités naturelles et artificielles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795668.
Full textPomies, Catherine. "Traçage isotopique des migrations d'uranium dans l'environnement granitique de la minéralisation uranifère de Palmottu (sud-ouest Finlande)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20111.
Full textZheng, Lifeng. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement différé du massif rocheux fracturé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10060/document.
Full textShort-term and long-term stability are two important aspects in analyzing slope stability. The objective of this study is to propose the numerical models to simulate the short and long-term mechanical behaviour of rock matrix and rock joint. For rock matrix, one elasto-damage model which takes both the compressive and tensile situations into account is employed. One parameter is introduced to emphasize the influence of confining pressures. And then one creep model for rock matrix which considering the damage parameter as a time-dependent variable is proposed. The simulation results show great agreement with experimental results. Generally, rock joints are the most fragile part in rock structures. For rock joint, the asperity of joint surface is represented by a parameter JRC. This parameter is related to the friction angle, and then affects the shear stiffness of joint. In this work, a constitutive model is employed based on this theory, and then the parameter JRC is proposed to be a time-dependent variable, which represents the graduate degradation of joint asperity with time passage. One simulation is performed and verified that this model is capable to describe creep phenomena. The extended finite element (XFEM) theory is introduced and applied in the joint model to exactly describe the real condition of joint. A simulation of one complicated structure is performed at last to verify the simulating ability of these models