Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluidi Biologici

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fluidi Biologici'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

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Maciel, Danilo Pereira Garcia, José Leandro Tomaz Medeiros, Mariana Freitas da Silva, et al. "Profilo epidemiologico degli incidenti con esposizione a materiali biologici verificatisi nei lavoratori nello Stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, dal 2015 al 2019." Núcleo do Conhecimento 04, no. 03 (2021): 127–41. https://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/salute/esposizione-a-materiali.

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Le esposizioni accidentali con strumenti taglienti sono gli infortuni sul lavoro più comuni che coinvolgono professionisti e studenti in ambiente ospedaliero. L'incidente con materiale biologico (MB) deriva dal contatto diretto tra sangue e fluidi organici genitali o sierosi, con pelle malsana, membrane mucose o per inoculazione percutanea diretta attraverso oggetti appuntiti. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di caratterizzare il profilo epidemiologico degli incidenti con esposizione a materiali biologici avvenuti nei lavoratori nello stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, nel periodo dal 2015 al 2019, analizzando il numero, il tipo di eventi, l'occupazione e circostanza dell'incidente. Uno studio epidemiologico retrospettivo, descrittivo e trasversale è stato condotto con un approccio quantitativo. Pertanto, nel database del Sistema Informativo per le Malattie Notificabili (SINAN) sono state ricercate registrazioni riferite a segnalazioni di infortuni con materiale biologico, avvenute nello stato di Amapá nel periodo dal 2015 al 2019, registrate dal Centro di sorveglianza sulla salute sul lavoro ( NVST) / Centro di riferimento per la salute sul lavoro (CEREST / AP). Le esposizioni professionali a materiali biologici rappresentano un potenziale rischio di trasmissione di malattie. Istruire i lavoratori a denunciare immediatamente gli incidenti è essenziale per fornire il sistema di notifica. Per quanto riguarda le circostanze, le due cause più comunemente riscontrate sono state con valori vicini tra loro, la somministrazione di farmaci (21,6%) e lo smaltimento inadeguato del materiale (20%). Questo smaltimento non corretto dimostra la mancanza di zelo dei professionisti per la propria salute.
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Hadjiaghaie Vafaie, Reza, Ali Fardi-Ilkhchy, Sobhan Sheykhivand, and Sebelan Danishvar. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of an Electrokinetic Micromanipulator for Biological Applications." Biomimetics 10, no. 1 (2025): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10010056.

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The ability to control and manipulate biological fluids within microchannels is a fundamental challenge in biological diagnosis and pharmaceutical analyses, particularly when buffers with very high ionic strength are used. In this study, we investigate the numerical and experimental study of fluidic biochips driven by ac electrothermal flow for controlling and manipulating biological samples inside a microchannel, e.g., for fluid-driven and manipulation purposes such as concentrating and mixing. By appropriately switching the voltage on the electrode structures and inducing AC electrothermal forces within the channel, a fluidic network with pumping and manipulation capabilities can be achieved, enabling the control of fluid velocity/direction and also fluid rotation. By using finite element analysis, coupled physics of electrical, thermal, fluidic fields, and molecular diffusion transport were solved. AC electrothermal flow was studied for pumping and mixing applications, and the optimal model was extracted. The microfluidic chip was fabricated using two processes: electrode structure development on the chip and silicon mold fabrication in a cleanroom. PDMS was prepared as the microchannel material and bonded to the electrode structure. After implementing the chip holder and excitation circuit, a biological buffer with varying ionic strengths (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 [S/m]) was prepared, mixed with fluorescent particles, and loaded into the microfluidic chip. Experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed chip for biological applications, showing that stronger flows were generated with increasing fluid conductivity and excitation voltage. The system behavior was characterized using an impedance analyzer. Frequency response analysis revealed that for a solution with an electrical conductivity of 0.6 [S/m], the fluid velocity remained almost constant within a frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz. Overall, the experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation outcomes.
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Akkoyun, Fatih, and Adem Özçelik. "A Battery-Powered Fluid Manipulation System Actuated by Mechanical Vibrations." Actuators 11, no. 5 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050116.

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Miniaturized fluid manipulation systems are an important component of lab-on-a-chip platforms implemented in resourced-limited environments and point-of-care applications. This work aims to design, fabricate, and test a low-cost and battery-operated microfluidic diffuser/nozzle type pump to enable an alternative fluid manipulation solution for field applications. For this, CNC laser cutting and 3D printing are used to fabricate the fluidic unit and casing of the driving module of the system, respectively. This system only required 3.5-V input power and can generate flow rates up to 58 µL/min for water. In addition, this portable pump can manipulate higher viscosity fluids with kinematic viscosities up to 24 mPa·s resembling biological fluids such as sputum and saliva. The demonstrated system is a low-cost, battery-powered, and highly versatile fluid pump that can be adopted in various lab-on-a-chip applications for field deployment and remote applications.
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Walsh, E. J., C. King, R. Grimes, A. Gonzalez, and D. Ciobanu. "Compatibility of Segmenting Fluids in Continuous-Flow Microfluidic PCR." Journal of Medical Devices 1, no. 4 (2007): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812426.

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Continuous flow offers notable advantages over batch processing for analytical applications like gene expression profiling of biological material, which demands very high processing. The technology of choice for future genetic analyzers will most likely use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); therefore, high-throughput, high-speed PCR devices have raised enormous interest. Continuous-flow, biphasic PCR can meet these requirements but segmenting∕carrier fluids chemically compatible with the PCR are needed. The present paper compares several fluids in terms of compatibility with PCR and fluidic dynamics in a continuous, two-phase flow microfluidic device, and PCR efficiency was assessed quantitatively. The results represent the first step toward rational fluid design for biphasic continuous PCR.
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Swain, Michael V. "ROLE OF FLUID ON THE CONTACT DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (June 11, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0022.

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This paper will focus on the role of fluids on the indentation deformation response of tooth and eye tissues. All natural biological materials contain fluid and function in a fluidic environment, which plays a critical role in responding to loading events as well as tissue nutrition. The location of this fluid varies and is considered as both bound and mobile with much of it located in cell compartments that are also able to respond directly to loading. The extent of the fluid content varies from less than 10 % in the case of the highly mineralised enamel to more than 80 % in the case of soft eye tissues. The role of the fluid and its response during loading is also complicated by the hierarchical structure of biological tissues, be they mineralised or not. The mechanisms by which the presence of fluid in these materials influences the mechanical response is still poorly understood and has not been systematically investigated. The present paper presents data generated over many years on both the above biological tissues and attempts to present indications as to the mechanism(s) by which the presence of fluid contributes to the deformation. The situation associated with contact loading with the presence of mobile fluid in the tissues results in a more complex situation than the classic elastic-plastic contact situation, but the latter still forms the basis for much of the analysis of instrumented indentation force-displacement load-unloading curves using various shapes of indenters, especially for mineralised structures. In the case of soft tissues the absence of agreed protocols for interpretation of force-displacement-time responses is restricting clinical/biological applications.
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Ribeiro, J. C., G. Minas, P. Turmezei, R. F. Wolffenbuttel, and J. H. Correia. "A SU-8 fluidic microsystem for biological fluids analysis." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 123-124 (September 2005): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.032.

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Shaw, Julie LV, and Eleftherios P. Diamandis. "Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 8 (2007): 1423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.088104.

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Abstract Background: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of 15 secreted serine proteases. Some KLKs are established or candidate cancer biomarkers, but for most the physiological function is unknown. We characterized the protein and mRNA abundance patterns of all 15 KLKs in multiple panels of human tissues and biological fluids. Methods: We used sensitive and specific sandwich-type ELISAs for each KLK. Reverse transcription PCR was used for transcript amplification. Multiple panels of human tissue extracts (adult and fetal) were tested, along with various biological fluids. Results: Quantitative protein expression data on 7 sets of adult and 3 sets of fetal tissues were collected for all 15 KLKs. KLKs were also quantified in the following biological fluids: seminal plasma, breast milk, follicular fluid, breast cyst fluid, breast cancer cytosol, amniotic fluid, ovarian cancer ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, cervicovaginal fluid, and urine. The data were used to generate heat maps of KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids and categorize KLK abundance as highly restricted (KLK2 and KLK3 in prostate), restricted (KLK5 in skin, salivary gland, breast, and esophagus; KLK6 in brain and central nervous system; KLK7 in esophagus, heart, liver, and skin; KLK8 in breast, esophagus, skin, and tonsil; KLK13 in esophagus and tonsil), or wide (KLKs 1, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15). Conclusions: Quantitative KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids aid in the elucidation of KLK function, and coexpression patterns provide clues for KLK participation in proteolytic cascades.
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Nelson, Arif Z., Binu Kundukad, Wai Kuan Wong, Saif A. Khan, and Patrick S. Doyle. "Embedded droplet printing in yield-stress fluids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (2020): 5671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919363117.

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Microfluidic tools and techniques for manipulating fluid droplets have become core to many scientific and technological fields. Despite the plethora of existing approaches to fluidic manipulation, non-Newtonian fluid phenomena are rarely taken advantage of. Here we introduce embedded droplet printing—a system and methods for the generation, trapping, and processing of fluid droplets within yield-stress fluids, materials that exhibit extreme shear thinning. This technique allows for the manipulation of droplets under conditions that are simply unattainable with conventional microfluidic methods, namely the elimination of exterior influences including convection and solid boundaries. Because of this, we believe embedded droplet printing approaches an ideal for the experimentation, processing, or observation of many samples in an “absolutely quiescent” state, while also removing some troublesome aspects of microfluidics including the use of surfactants and the complexity of device manufacturing. We characterize a model material system to understand the process of droplet generation inside yield-stress fluids and develop a nascent set of archetypal operations that can be performed with embedded droplet printing. With these principles and tools, we demonstrate the benefits and versatility of our method, applying it toward the diverse applications of pharmaceutical crystallization, microbatch chemical reactions, and biological assays.
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Gome, Gilad, Ofra Benny, Oded Shoseyov, and Jonathan Giron. "Design Principles for Laser-Printed Macrofluidics." Inventions 9, no. 4 (2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040068.

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This paper presents a novel method for fabricating fluidic circuits using laser printing technology. The method allows for rapid prototyping of macrofluidic devices with control over fluid manipulation and environmental conditions. We employed a high-resolution laser cutter to etch fluidic channels into various substrates, optimizing parameters such as laser power, speed, and substrate material. Our results demonstrate excellent performance in controlling fluid flow and maintaining environmental conditions, handling a wide range of fluids and flow rates. The devices were tested in multiple settings such as with high school students and in research laboratories in universities. We tested the laser-printed macrofluidcs mechanically for durability. We present previous works in microbiology with plants, microbial, and mammalian cell lines showing reliable operation with minimal leakage and consistent fluid dynamics. The versatility and scalability of this approach make it a promising tool for advancing research and innovation in fluidics, providing a robust platform for growing, manipulating, and experimenting with diverse biological systems from cells to whole organisms. We conclude that laser-printed macrofluidics can significantly contribute to fields such as biomedical research, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and STEM education.
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Gouello, Audrey, Laura Henry, Djamel Chadli-Benhemani, et al. "Evaluation of the Microbiome Identification of Forensically Relevant Biological Fluids: A Pilot Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 2 (2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020187.

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In forensic sciences, body fluids, or biological traces, are a major source of information, and their identification can play a decisive role in criminal investigations. Currently, the nature of biological fluids is assessed using immunological, physico-chemical, mRNA and epigenetic methods, but these have limits in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies offers new opportunities to identify the nature of body fluids by determining bacterial communities. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether analysis of the bacterial communities in isolated and mixed biological fluids could reflect the situation observed in real forensics labs. Several samples commonly encountered in forensic sciences were tested from healthy volunteers: saliva, vaginal fluid, blood, semen and skin swabs. These samples were analyzed alone or in combination in a ratio of 1:1. Sequencing was performed on the Ion Gene StudioTM S5 automated sequencer. Fluids tested alone revealed a typical bacterial signature with specific bacterial orders, enabling formal identification of the fluid of interest, despite inter-individual variations. However, in biological fluid mixtures, the predominance of some bacterial microbiomes inhibited interpretation. Oral and vaginal microbiomes were clearly preponderant, and the relative abundance of their bacterial communities and/or the presence of common species between samples made it impossible to detect bacterial orders or genera from other fluids, although they were distinguishable from one another. However, using the beta diversity, salivary fluids were identified and could be distinguished from fluids in combination. While this method of fluid identification is promising, further analyses are required to consolidate the protocol and ensure reliability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

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MAININI, VERONICA. "Indagini molecolari mediante spettrometrial di massa in fluidi biologici e tessuti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19695.

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The PhD thesis is focused on the evaluation of different Mass Spectrometry approaches for the study of the proteome of biological fluids and tissues. In detail, the ClinProt technology has been applied to amniotic fluids and urines respectively, to evaluate potential biomarkers for the preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) and to invetsigate molecular mechanisms of kidney adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia conditions at high and very high altitude. MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) has been applied for the study of tissues. In detail, this part of the work evaluated the use of the detergents to enhance sensitivity and number of peaks detected for protein IMS analysis.
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Berlese, Gloria <1993&gt. "Studio di metodi analitici per la determinazione di acidi organici in fluidi biologici." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16948.

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Questo lavoro di tesi si articola in due parti: nella prima si riporta la ricerca bibliografica realizzata per lo sviluppo di un nuovo metodo analitico volto alla determinazione di acidi organici, in particolare ossalati e citrati, nelle urine mediante la formazione di complessi con metalli di transizione; la seconda invece riguarda le prove realizzate per ottimizzare un metodo in cromatografia liquida per la caratterizzazione di alcuni composti presenti nell'estratto della cannabis. La ricerca bibliografica iniziale si è focalizzata principalmente sulla stabilita dei complessi dei metalli di transizione con acidi carbossilici a diversi valori di pH, in particolare in ambiente acido, visto lo scopo di estendere il metodo all'analisi di matrici urinarie. In particolare è stato studiato il comportamento di ferro, rame e cromo con citrato e ossalato: sono stati registrati gli spettri di assorbimento UV-Vis prima di soluzioni contenti il metallo non legato poi di soluzioni del metallo legato agli acidi oggetto di indagine. La seconda parte invece riporta nel dettaglio tutte le prove realizzate su uno standard contente otto principali composti della cannabis ( CBDA CBD CNBG THCV THCA CBN THC CNBC) , variando le condizioni di temperatura, flusso, pH,, gradiente della fase mobile e colonna, prima è stata usata una C-18 poi una C-8. Ottimizzate le condizioni, è stata realizzata una retta di calibrazione e il metodo è stato poi esteso a campioni oleofiti e reali di fluidi biologici.
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Zincarelli, Nicola. "Progetto e realizzazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless per l'identificazione di fluidi biologici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17665/.

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Il presente progetto di tesi è stato dedicato alla progettazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless in grado di rilevare fluidi biologici a contatto con la pelle. Il sistema di sensing consiste in un filtro a microonde (nella banda di 2,45 GHz) progettato con la tecnologia delle linee accoppiate con terminazioni di circuito aperto in cui una delle terminazioni della sezione centrale è sostituita da uno stub aperto la cui risonanza stabilita proprio dal contenuto del canale micro-fluidico integrato nell stub.In questo modo il comportamento del filtro è strettamente legato al fluido contenuto nel canale e si avvicina a quello ideale solo alla frequenza di risonanza dello stub che include il canale micro-fluidico contenente il liquido in esame. Uno dei punti chiave del lavoro è l’aver definito un modello circuitale equivalente del componente a microonde che include il canale: questo modello è stato ricavato da simulazioni EM per garantire una progettazione accurata ed efficiente dell’intero sistema. Al fine di rendere il sistema indossabile e passivo è stata progettata un’antenna a banda stretta connessa alla porta d’ingresso del filtro, la quale è in grado di ricevere la potenza necessaria per il sensing dei diversi fluidi presenti nel canale.
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Arcangeli, Danilo. "Sensori tessili indossabili per la determinazione dello ione cloruro e del pH in fluidi biologici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21682/.

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Nell’era dell’Internet of Things i sensori chimici indossabili rappresentano una frontiera avanzata nel campo delle analisi cliniche. La possibilità di integrare questo tipo di sensori su una vasta gamma di substrati tessili, in tandem a dei sistemi elettronici di lettura wireless, rende tali dispositivi estremamente versatili, permettendo all’utente finale di monitorare in tempo reale le concentrazioni degli analiti di interesse biologico in fluidi corporei, consentendo la diagnosi di potenziali patologie, la corretta somministrazione di farmaci o più semplicemente il controllo dello stato di buona salute. In questo elaborato sono stati dunque sviluppati dei sensori chimici indossabili, basati sul polimero conduttore PEDOT:PSS (applicato sotto forma di inchiostro per stampa serigrafica) in sinergia con materiali tessili per uso medico (forniti dall’azienda Plastod S.p.A. di Bologna), per la determinazione della concentrazione di ione cloruro nel sudore e del pH in essudato di ferita, attraverso la funzionalizzazione del PEDOT:PSS con particelle di Ag/AgCl e particelle di iridio ossido (IrOx). L’architettura del dispositivo, che è ispirata ai transistor elettrochimici organici (OECTs - Organic ElectroChemical Transistors), è in grado di generare un effetto di “gate” elettrochimico che permette un’amplificazione intrinseca del segnale. Inoltre, la struttura è notevolmente semplificata grazie alla presenza di soli due terminali sul dispositivo rispetto ai classici tre degli OECT. La fabbricazione dei dispositivi è stata ottimizzata attraverso lo studio della produzione dei contatti elettrici tessili e della formulazione dell’inchiostro per stampa serigrafica, mentre le prestazioni sensoristiche sono state valutate tramite applicazione di potenziali costanti durante analisi tradizionali nelle quali il dispositivo era immerso nella soluzione investigata ed analisi in flusso ideate in modo da simulare la sudorazione o la produzione di essudato da parte di una ferita.
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GIANAZZA, ERICA. "Ricerca di biomarcatori proteici per il carcinoma a cellule renali e la nefropatia diabetica in fluidi biologici mediante spettrometria di massa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19694.

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The research project is focused on the evaluation of proteome in biological fluids from patients with renal cell carcinoma and diabetic nephropathy by a ClinProt-MALDI-TOF approach. Currently there aren’t specific biomarkers for an earlier diagnosis of RCC and nephropathic development especially in T1D patients. The most promising MS-based screening methods for the discovery of multiple biomarkers in body fluids is ClinProt, which couple a prefractionation chromatographic step with MS analysis. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney malignancy and its incidence is increasing worldwide each year. Since patients have a poor prognosis due to a lack of sensitivity to radio- and chemio-therapies biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring the state of disease are urgently needed. Concerning the diabetic nephropathy, it is the major vascular complication of type 1 diabetes and it is the leading cause of the end stage renal disease worldwide. The earliest diagnostic sign for the presence of diabetic renal damage is an increase in the albumin excretion rate, but unfortunately it isn’t an accurate predictor. So the study was aimed to perform profiling studies on urine/serum of healthy subjects and patients (RCC and diabetics with nephropathy) linking solid phase extraction technique using functionalized magnetic beads to MS analysis. In addition the proteome investigation was extended on patients with a non-RCC tumor allowing to distinguish different renal diseases. These results provided basis for the development of clinically valid proteins/peptides patterns for RCC and diabetic nephropathy diagnosis, improving the knowledge of the pathological processes in disease development.
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GIANNATEMPO, GIOVANNI. "Ricerca di marcatori molecolari del carcinoma del cavo orale nei fluidi biologici, quali sangue e saliva, a fini di diagnosi precoce e prognosi." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363213.

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Il carcinoma a cellule squamose è il più frequente tumore maligno del cavo orale (1, 2) ed è la sesta causa di mortalità legata a tumore nel mondo. Esso è caratterizzato da un basso tasso di sopravvivenza, dovuto principalmente alla diagnosi tardiva ed all’elevata frequenza di recidive e/o metastasi. Nel mio studio si è pertanto cercato di individuare dei marcatori a livello salivare che potessero facilitare la diagnosi precoce, utilizzando la metodica SELDI, e verificare le già note potenzialità della Survivina come marcatore biologico, al fine di rendere quindi possibile, in futuro, l’impiego della saliva come mezzo diagnostico, sia sfruttando i vantaggi che la caratterizzano, quali semplicità e rapidità di raccolta, assenza di rischi per l’operatore e minimo disagio per il paziente al momento del prelievo ,sia cercando di risolvere le problematiche legate al suo utilizzo in ambito clinico e non solo laboratoristico. Essendo riusciti nell’intento di evidenziare un nuovo marcatore, auspichiamo che nei prossimi anni si possano continuare le ricerche in modo tale da poterne evidenziare altri e standardizzarne le variazioni in condizioni patologiche.
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DOMAKOSKI, ANA CAROLINA. "Impiego di un array di sensori di gas e di tecniche gascromatografiche per lo studio di patologie e forme cellulari attraverso l'analisi di composti volatili rilasciati dai fluidi biologici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201857.

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The present thesis describes the potentials that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have in diagnostics as well as the results achieved by using innovative analytical systems (such as SPME-GC/MS spectrometer and electronic nose instruments) to reveal pathologies, inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders, infections and degenerative cellular processes, also occurring in the early stages. Therefore, in collaboration with both clinicians and research groups of medicine and biology, chemistry and electronic engineering, three different experiments were carried out and here described. The first one was related to the application of both a homemade electronic nose (Department of Electronic Engineering of “Tor Vergata” University), based quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) differently coated with metal porphyrins (synthesized in the Laboratory of Chemistry of “Tor Vergata” University), and a SPME-GC/MS spectrometer to investigate the pattern of the volatile compounds of synovial fluids coming from several patients suffering from two different knee‟s rheumatic diseases (“Tor Vergata” General Hospital, Medicine Department). In this case a greater abundance of volatile compounds in OA than RA. The biomarkers for differential diagnosis between OA and RA are still defective. Through the analysis of the head space of the synovial fluid by NE, good discrimination was obtained between the different pathologies considered the results indicate that the VOC mixture in the synovial fluid of patients with OA is different from that of patients with RA. The second one involved a similar equipment, whereas the electronic nose contained an increased number of sensors, to investigate VOCs from living mice (i.e. breath, skin, urine, faeces) infected with erythrocytes containing different strains of plasmodium (Higher Health Institute, ISS). The results by Plasmodium berghei infection alters the profile of VOCs released, NE analysis of the entire murine volatiloma has led to a good discrimination between a group of healthy mice and one of malaria-affected rats. The GC/MS was detected by a set of VOCs whose concentration was statistically different between infected and uninfected mice. The last one provided an intriguing investigation, using the same instrumentation, on the pattern of volatile compounds from stem cell (specifically Induced Pluripotent Stem cell) in the different stages of differentiation (Department of Genetics). In each application, a suitable measurement protocol was arranged. All the results were treated with statistical analysis and multicomponent analysis. The results support the hypothesis that the volatile fraction of the metabolic profile changes along the differentiation process as a reflection of the variations occurring in the cells. The GC/MS shows a number of compounds that can discriminate between the various stages of differentiation. The NE shows good ability to discriminate between different cellular stages, from pluripotency to differentiated cells.
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Cardillo, Giulia. "Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Biological Fluids : From the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood Thrombosis." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX110.

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Dans cette thèse, trois modèles mathématiques ont été proposés, avec l’objectif de modéliser autant d’aspects complexes de la biomédecine, dans lesquels la dynamique des fluides du système joue un rôle fondamental: i) les interactions fluide-structure entre la pulsatilité du liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière (modélisation analytique); ii) dispersion efficace d’un médicament dans l’espace sous-arachnoïdien (modélisation numérique); et iii) la formation et l’évolution d’un thrombus au sein du système cardiovasculaire (modélisation numérique).Le liquide céphalorachidien est un fluide aqueux qui entoure le cerveau et la moelle épinière afin de les protéger. Une connaissance détaillée de la circulation du liquide céphalorachidien et de son interaction avec les tissus peut être importante dans l’étude de la pathogenèse de maladies neurologiques graves, telles que la syringomyélie, un trouble qui implique la formation de cavités remplies de liquide (seringues) dans la moelle épinière.Par ailleurs, dans certains cas, des analgésiques - ainsi que des médicaments pour le traitement de maladies graves telles que les tumeurs et les infections du liquide céphalorachidien - doivent être administrés directement dans le liquide céphalorachidien. L’importance de connaître et de décrire l’écoulement du liquide céphalorachidien, ses interactions avec les tissus environnants et les phénomènes de transport qui y sont liés devient claire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé: un modèle capable de décrire les interactions du liquide céphalo-rachidien avec la moelle épinière, considérant cela, pour la première fois, comme un milieu poreux imprégné de différents fluides (sang capillaire et veineux et liquide céphalo-rachidien); et un modèle capable d’évaluer le transport d’un médicament dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien, une cavité annulaire remplie de liquide céphalo-rachidien qui entoure la moelle épinière.Avec le troisième modèle proposé, nous entrons dans le système cardiovasculaire.Dans le monde entière, les maladies cardiovasculaires sont la cause principale de mortalité. Parmi ceux-ci, nous trouvons la thrombose, une condition qui implique la formation d’un caillot à l’intérieur d’un vaisseau sanguin, qui peut causer sa occlusion. À cet égard, un modèle numérique a été développé qui étudie la formation et l’évolution des thrombus, en considérant simultanément les aspects chimico-biomécaniques et dynamiques des fluides du problème. Dans le modèle proposé pour la première fois, l'importance du rôle joué par les gradients de contrainte de cisaillement dans le processus de thrombogenèse est pris en compte.Les modèles sélectionnés ont fourni des résultats intéressants. Tout d’abord, l’étude des interactions fluide-structure entre le liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière a mis en évidence es conditions pouvant induire l’apparition de la syringomyélie. Il a été observé comment la déviation des valeurs physiologiques du module d’Young de la moelle épinière, les pressions capillaires dans l’interface moelle-espace sousarachnoïdien et la perméabilité des compartiments capillaire et veineux, conduisent à la formation de seringues.Le modèle de calcul pour l’évaluation de la dispersion pharmacologique dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien a permis une estimation quantitatif de la diffusivité effective du médicament, une quantité qui peut aider à l’optimisation des protocoles d’injections intrathécales.Le modèle de thrombogenèse a fourni un instrument capable d’étudier quantitativement l’évolution des dépôts de plaquettes dans la circulation sanguine. En particulier, les résultats ont fourni des informations importantes sur la nécessité de considérer le rôle de l’activation mécanique et de l’agrégation des plaquettes aux côtés de la substance chimique<br>In the present thesis, three mathematical models are described. Three different biomedical issues, where fluid dynamical aspects are of paramount importance, are modeled: i) Fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid pulsatility and the spinal cord (analytical modeling); ii) Enhanced dispersion of a drug in the subarachnoid space (numerical modeling); and iii) Thrombus formation and evolution in the cardiovascular system (numerical modeling).The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a liquid that surrounds and protects the brain and the spinal cord. Insights into the functioning of cerebrospinal fluid are expected to reveal the pathogenesis of severe neurological diseases, such as syringomyelia that involves the formation of fluid-filled cavities (syrinxes) in the spinal cord.Furthermore, in some cases, analgesic drugs -- as well drugs for treatments of serious diseases such as cancers and cerebrospinal fluid infections -- need to be delivered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This underscores the importance of knowing and describing cerebrospinal fluid flow, its interactions with the surrounding tissues and the transport phenomena related to it. In this framework, we have proposed: a model that describes the interactions of the cerebrospinal fluid with the spinal cord that is considered, for the first time, as a porous medium permeated by different fluids (capillary and venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid); and a model that evaluates drug transport within the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space around the spinal cord --namely the subarachnoid space--.The third model deals with the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among these diseases, thrombosis is a condition that involves the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. A computational model that studies thrombus formation and evolution is developed, considering the chemical, bio-mechanical and fluid dynamical aspects of the problem in the same computational framework. In this model, the primary novelty is the introduction of the role of shear micro-gradients into the process of thrombogenesis.The developed models have provided several outcomes. First, the study of the fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid and the spinal cord has shed light on scenarios that may induce the occurrence of Syringomyelia. It was seen how the deviation from the physiological values of the Young modulus of the spinal cord, the capillary pressures at the SC-SAS interface and the permeability of blood networks can lead to syrinx formation.The computational model of the drug dispersion has allowed to quantitatively estimate the drug effective diffusivity, a feature that can aid the tuning of intrathecal delivery protocols.The comprehensive thrombus formation model has provided a quantification tool of the thrombotic deposition evolution in a blood vessel. In particular, the results have given insight into the importance of considering both mechanical and chemical activation and aggregation of platelets
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CARDILLO, GIULIA. "Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Biological Fluids: From the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood Thrombosis." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2845786.

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Trejo, Soto Claudia Andrea. "Front Microrheology of biological Fluids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400566.

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Since Poiseuille times, several techniques has been developed to measure the viscosity of blood. During the 60's and 70's, with the appearance of the first rheomethers, the rheological properties of blood were accurately measured and a behavior dependent of the velocity gradient of the fluid flow was determined. As well, it was observed that blood had shear thinning properties, meaning, that if the velocity of the blood flow increases, the viscosity of blood decreases. From a medical point of view, blood and its blood plasma are the most effective fluids to detect global pathologies in human and animals. These pathologies may be related to their viscosities, their plasma proteins, or the properties of its red blood cells, as their aggregation, deformability or the elastic properties of its cellular membrane. Lately, with the birth of microfluidics at the beginnings of the 90’s, new techniques for the diagnostic of diseases has been developed. The avantages in the use of microfluidic devices for diagnostics are: the low amount of sample required to perform a measure, their portability, that they are easy to use and the low cost of its fabrication. The aim of this thesis project was to extend the study of front microrheology through the development of a device and method that describes accurately the non-linear rheology of biofluids, mainly blood, by means of a simple optical detection method based on tracking the fluid-air interface moving inside a microchannel. We centered in the fluid front (interface fluid-air) since is a direct, easy and cheap method to study fluid flows. In order to achieve this, we first had to developed a microfluidic device and method which would allow us to obtain a clear image of the fluid front. This was made, using a microscope and a high speed camera. The images obtained with the camera were analyzed by means of a computational code developed in Wolfram Mathematica©. The thesis work was mainly experimental comprinsing: fabrication of microfluidic devices and experiments with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Our results have been compared with theoretical and bibliographical results. The original results from this thesis are separated in two parts. The first part of the research was dedicated to the study the interface fluid-air of flows of Newtonian fluids. In order, to achieve reliable viscosity results with our device and method, and prove our system as a viscometer, we tested several fluids, including blood plasma which is known to be Newtonian. Our results were compared with the results obtained with a different viscometer to prove their reliability. This part of the study states our microfluidic device and method as a viscometer. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to extend the results for Newtonian fluid to non-linear hemorheology and comprises all the results for blood. Blood is essentially a difficult fluid to manipulate and study. In general, it presents non-Newtonian properties as shear thinning, meaning, that its viscosity decreases as the stress or the shear rate increases. This non-Newtonian properties are due to plasma proteins and especial characteristics of its red blood cells. With our device and method we were able to observe the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and to obtain its viscosity at different shear rates and stresses. As well, we related its viscosity to some of its red blood cells properties, as their tendency to form aggregates and the flexibility of their cellular membrane. The studies of blood were developed at different hematocrits, different dates from the extraction of the sample and with anemic blood and blood with alphathalessemia. In general, our device and method is usefull as a viscometer and rheometer, as well as, it enables to establish a relation between blood viscosity and its red blood cells characteristics.<br>Desde los tiempos de Poiseuille, se han desarrollado variadas técnicas para medir la viscosidad de la sangre. Durante las décadas de los 60’s y 70’s con la aparición de los primeros reómetros las propiedades reológicas de la sangre fueron medidas y se determinó su comportamiento dependiente del gradiente de velocidad. Además se observó que posee un comportamiento pseudoplástico, es decir, que a medida que aumenta su velocidad su viscosidad disminuye. Desde un punto de vista médico, la sangre y su plasma sanguíneo son los fluidos más eficaces para la detección de patologías globales. Estas patologías pueden estar relacionadas con su viscosidad, con las proteínas presentes en el plasma o con las propiedades de sus glóbulos rojos, como su agregación, deformabilidad o la capacidad elástica de su membrana celular. En los últimos años, con el nacimiento de la microfluídica a principio de los 90’s, nuevas técnicas para el diagnóstico de enfermedades se han desarrollado. La ventaja del uso de la microfluídica en el diagnóstico de enfermedades viene dada por: el bajo requerimiento de muestra para realizar la detección, su portabilidad, la facilidad de uso y el bajo costo de su fabricación. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de la interfase fluido-aire, por medio del desarrollo de un dispositivo microfluídico y método sencillo que permite obtener la viscosidad tanto de fluidos newtonianos e.g. plasma sanguíneo y sangre con un error no superior al 10%. Además de ser capaces de observar el comportamiento no-Newtoniano de la sangre, y a su vez, relacionar su viscosidad con características específicas de sus células rojas como la agregación y la flexibilidad de su membrana. Los estudios de sangre se realizaron a distintos hematocritos, distintos días desde la extracción de la muestra y muestras de anemia y alfa-talasemia. La tesis ha sido desarrollada principalmente desde un punto de vista experimental y está separada en 2 partes. La primera contempla los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de frentes de fluidos Newtonianos. La segunda parte se centra en los resultados obtenidos para la sangre y su relación con las propiedades de sus células rojas.
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Books on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

1

Gomez, Frank A. Biological applications of microfluidics. John Wiley, 2008.

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Gomez, Frank A. Biological applications of microfluidics. John Wiley, 2008.

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Michel-Yves, Jaffrin, Caro Colin G, and World Congress of Biomechanics (2nd : 1994 : Amsterdam, Netherlands), eds. Biological flows. Plenum Press, 1995.

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Wheeler, Michael J., and J. S. Morley Hutchinson, eds. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids. Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592599869.

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Wheeler, Michael J., ed. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids. Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-616-0.

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Spagnolie, Saverio E., ed. Complex Fluids in Biological Systems. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2065-5.

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J, Wheeler M., and Hutchinson J. S. M, eds. Hormone assays in biological fluids. Humana Press, 2006.

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Gomez, Frank A. Biological applications of microfluidics. Wiley-Interscience, 2008.

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Rival, David E. Biological and Bio-Inspired Fluid Dynamics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90271-1.

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Fauci, Lisa J., and Shay Gueron, eds. Computational Modeling in Biological Fluid Dynamics. Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0151-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

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Bernardi, Gaetato, Cosimo Ottomano, and Sabrina Buoro. "Biological Fluids." In Clinical and Laboratory Medicine Textbook. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24958-7_35.

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Roselli, Robert J., and Kenneth R. Diller. "Rheology of Biological Fluids." In Biotransport: Principles and Applications. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8119-6_4.

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Giddens, Don P., Tongdar D. Tang, and Francis Loth. "Fluid Mechanics of Arterial Bifurcations." In Biological Flows. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9471-7_4.

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Blows, William T. "Fluid balance." In The Biological Basis of Clinical Observations. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315143552-6.

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Pedley, T. J. "New Perspectives in Biological Fluid Dynamics." In Biological Flows. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9471-7_3.

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Zhang, Yidi, Xubo Cao, and Zhenzhen Li. "Interfacial Morphology of a Bubble Moving in Confined Channel Filled with Viscoelastic Fluid." In IUTAM Bookseries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78151-3_19.

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AbstractBubble motion in confined channels find applications ranging from carbon oxide sequestration to cardio-vascular embolism, and is ubiquitous in nature and industry. The confinement of bubbles in the channel causes the formation of a thin liquid film between gas and solid wall, whose flow field has been studied theoretically and especially for Newtonian fluids. Steadily moving bubbles in Newtonian fluids exhibits saddle shape. However, since a large amount of industrial and biological fluids are complex fluids, the motion of morphology of moving bubbles can be affected by non-Newtonian effect such as viscoelasticity. The purpose of this work is to explore the thickness distribution of liquid film between gas and solid wall during the motion of bubbles in a confined channel filled with viscoelastic fluid. In this study, bubbles are formed with flow focusing method of droplet microfluidics, bubbles move steadily through a long channel, and the film thickness is measured by an experimental method based on light interference. The relative optical interference intensity (ROII) method was used to obtain the thickness distribution of liquid film by analyzing the fringes. The thickness distribution of the liquid film within the bubble’s reference frame exhibits a different pattern compared to that in Newtonian fluids, and the symmetry of the spherical bubble is violated. This study provides experimental data for theoretical and computational research on bubble dynamics in confined channels.
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Beyer, Robert T. "The Parameter $$B/A$$." In Nonlinear Acoustics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58963-8_2.

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AbstractThe ratio $$B/A$$ B ∕ A , which has become a traditional measure of acoustic nonlinearity associated with the equation of state for a fluid, has its origin in the Taylor series expansion of variations of the pressure in terms of variations of the density. Relations defining $$B/A$$ B ∕ A for liquids and immiscible mixtures are derived, and explicit expressions are presented for perfect gases and longitudinal waves in isotropic solids. Methods for measuring $$B/A$$ B ∕ A in liquids are described. Tables are provided with numerical values of $$B/A$$ B ∕ A for various fluids, liquefied gases, and biological tissues, and for proteins and amino acids in aqueous solutions.
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Alrawashdeh, Wasfi, and Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic. "Biomarker Discovery in Biological Fluids." In Sample Preparation in Biological Mass Spectrometry. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0_17.

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Velesiotis, Christos, Stella Vasileiou, and Demitrios H. Vynios. "Analyzing Hyaluronidases in Biological Fluids." In The Extracellular Matrix. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_12.

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Vincent, Fabien B., and Tali Lang. "Measuring MIF in Biological Fluids." In Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

1

Tovar-Lopez, Francisco J., K. Khoshmanesh, M. Nasabi, Gary Rosengarten, and Arnan Mitchell. "Characterization of high fluid strain micro contractions to study the stress on biological fluids." In Smart Materials, Nano-and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Dan V. Nicolau and Guy Metcalfe. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813943.

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Wang, Z., Y. Zhang, and E. Zheng. "Resistivity measurement of biological fluids." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.95065.

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Sablinskas, Valdas, Sonata Adomaviciute, and Martynas Velicka. "COLLOIDAL SERS SPECTROSCOPY OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.wi04.

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Tregubov, Vladimir. "Mathematical modeling of biological fluid flows." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Emission Electronics (ICEE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emission.2014.6893982.

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Takayama, Shuichi, Yi-Chung Tung, and Bor-Han Chueh. "Biological Micro/Nanofluidics." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52087.

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Many biological studies, drug screening methods, and cellular therapies require culture and manipulation of living cells outside of their natural environment in the body. The gap between the cellular microenvironment in vivo and in vitro, however, poses challenges for obtaining physiologically relevant responses from cells used in basic biological studies or drug screens and for drawing out the maximum functional potential from cells used therapeutically. One of the reasons for this gap is because the fluidic environment of mammalian cells in vivo is microscale and dynamic whereas typical in vitro cultures are macroscopic and static. This presentation will give an overview of efforts in our laboratory to develop programmable microfluidic systems that enable spatio-temporal control of both the chemical and fluid mechanical environment of cells. The technologies and methods close the physiology gap to provide biological information otherwise unobtainable and to enhance cellular performance in therapeutic applications. Specific biomedical topics that will be discussed include subcellular signalling in normal and cancer cells, in vitro fertilization on a chip, studies of the effect of physiological and pathological fluid mechanical stresses on endothelial and epithelial cells, and microfluidic stem cell engineering. In the nanoscale regime, tunable nanochannels that can manipulate single DNA molecules will be discussed.
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Majumdar, Rwitajit, J. S. Rathore, and N. N. Sharma. "Simulation of swimming Nanorobots in biological fluids." In 2009 4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icara.2000.4803912.

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Bensaidane, Hakim. "2D finite element modeling of magnetic MEMS and coupled model with fluid mechanic problem: Application to biological pumping fluids." In Multi-Physics simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2008.4525010.

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Dubolazov, A. V., V. Marchuk, O. I. Olar, et al. "Multiparameter correlation microscopy of biological fluids polycrystalline networks." In Eleventh International Conference on Correlation Optics, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053853.

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Dubolazov, A. V., O. Ya Vanchuliak, M. Garazdiuk, M. I. Sidor, A. V. Motrich, and S. V. Kostiuk. "Polarization-phase tomography of biological fluids polycrystalline structure." In Eleventh International Conference on Correlation Optics, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053861.

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Sakhnovskiy, M. Yu, and V. N. Balazyuk. "Polarization-phase imaging of biological fluids polycrystalline structure." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by G. Groot Gregory and Arthur J. Davis. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2024321.

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Reports on the topic "Fluidi Biologici"

1

Liepmann, Dorian. Mixing and Processing of Complex Biological Fluids. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414038.

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Moore, Simon. Fluid Preservation for Research and Collection Management. Instats Inc., 2024. https://doi.org/10.61700/hubpdwj1ip7wv1420.

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This four-day advanced workshop, led by Simon Moore, delves into fluid preservation techniques crucial for the long-term storage and conservation of biological specimens. Designed for PhD students, professors, and professional researchers, the course offers a comprehensive blend of theory and hands-on practice, equipping participants with the skills needed to preserve biological materials effectively for future research and display.
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Lin, Emil T., Leslie Z. Benet, Robert A. Upton, and Winnie L. Gee. Analysis of Investigational Drugs in Biological Fluids - Method Development and Routine Assay. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238981.

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Singh, Rajesh, Marshall Richmond, Pedro Romero-Gomez, Cynthia Rakowski, and John Serkowski. Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations for Biological Performance Assessment in Hydropower units. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798166.

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Pryfogle, Peter Albert. Comparison of Selective Culturing and Biochemical Techniques for Measuring Biological Activity in Geothermal Process Fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911015.

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Lin, Emil T. Analysis of Investigational Drugs in Biological Fluids - Method Development and Analysis of Pre-Clinical Samples. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399915.

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Rashid, Afshin. Nanobots as a Controllable Nanoscale Device Consisting of a Biological Fluid Nanobiosensor and a Motor. ResearchHub Technologies, Inc., 2025. https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.mj6mj23c.

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Brozik, Susan Marie, Laura J. Douglas Frink, George David Bachand, et al. Integration of biological ion channels onto optically addressable micro-fluidic electrode arrays for single molecule characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920735.

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Zaraisky, E. I. Detection of PAMG-1 oncoantigen using nanogold conjugates with monoclonal antibodies in samples of biological fluids. Editors of the Eurasian Scientific Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/esj_n12_2018-145-150.

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Garrison, Laura A., Richard K. Fisher, Jr., Michael J. Sale, and Glenn Cada. Application of biological design criteria and computational fluid dynamics to investigate fish survival in Kaplan turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218120.

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