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1

Maciel, Danilo Pereira Garcia, José Leandro Tomaz Medeiros, Mariana Freitas da Silva, et al. "Profilo epidemiologico degli incidenti con esposizione a materiali biologici verificatisi nei lavoratori nello Stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, dal 2015 al 2019." Núcleo do Conhecimento 04, no. 03 (2021): 127–41. https://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/salute/esposizione-a-materiali.

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Le esposizioni accidentali con strumenti taglienti sono gli infortuni sul lavoro più comuni che coinvolgono professionisti e studenti in ambiente ospedaliero. L'incidente con materiale biologico (MB) deriva dal contatto diretto tra sangue e fluidi organici genitali o sierosi, con pelle malsana, membrane mucose o per inoculazione percutanea diretta attraverso oggetti appuntiti. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di caratterizzare il profilo epidemiologico degli incidenti con esposizione a materiali biologici avvenuti nei lavoratori nello stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, nel periodo
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2

Hadjiaghaie Vafaie, Reza, Ali Fardi-Ilkhchy, Sobhan Sheykhivand, and Sebelan Danishvar. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of an Electrokinetic Micromanipulator for Biological Applications." Biomimetics 10, no. 1 (2025): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10010056.

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The ability to control and manipulate biological fluids within microchannels is a fundamental challenge in biological diagnosis and pharmaceutical analyses, particularly when buffers with very high ionic strength are used. In this study, we investigate the numerical and experimental study of fluidic biochips driven by ac electrothermal flow for controlling and manipulating biological samples inside a microchannel, e.g., for fluid-driven and manipulation purposes such as concentrating and mixing. By appropriately switching the voltage on the electrode structures and inducing AC electrothermal f
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Akkoyun, Fatih, and Adem Özçelik. "A Battery-Powered Fluid Manipulation System Actuated by Mechanical Vibrations." Actuators 11, no. 5 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050116.

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Miniaturized fluid manipulation systems are an important component of lab-on-a-chip platforms implemented in resourced-limited environments and point-of-care applications. This work aims to design, fabricate, and test a low-cost and battery-operated microfluidic diffuser/nozzle type pump to enable an alternative fluid manipulation solution for field applications. For this, CNC laser cutting and 3D printing are used to fabricate the fluidic unit and casing of the driving module of the system, respectively. This system only required 3.5-V input power and can generate flow rates up to 58 µL/min f
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4

Walsh, E. J., C. King, R. Grimes, A. Gonzalez, and D. Ciobanu. "Compatibility of Segmenting Fluids in Continuous-Flow Microfluidic PCR." Journal of Medical Devices 1, no. 4 (2007): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812426.

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Continuous flow offers notable advantages over batch processing for analytical applications like gene expression profiling of biological material, which demands very high processing. The technology of choice for future genetic analyzers will most likely use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); therefore, high-throughput, high-speed PCR devices have raised enormous interest. Continuous-flow, biphasic PCR can meet these requirements but segmenting∕carrier fluids chemically compatible with the PCR are needed. The present paper compares several fluids in terms of compatibility with PCR and fluidic
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5

Swain, Michael V. "ROLE OF FLUID ON THE CONTACT DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (June 11, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0022.

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This paper will focus on the role of fluids on the indentation deformation response of tooth and eye tissues. All natural biological materials contain fluid and function in a fluidic environment, which plays a critical role in responding to loading events as well as tissue nutrition. The location of this fluid varies and is considered as both bound and mobile with much of it located in cell compartments that are also able to respond directly to loading. The extent of the fluid content varies from less than 10 % in the case of the highly mineralised enamel to more than 80 % in the case of soft
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Ribeiro, J. C., G. Minas, P. Turmezei, R. F. Wolffenbuttel, and J. H. Correia. "A SU-8 fluidic microsystem for biological fluids analysis." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 123-124 (September 2005): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.032.

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7

Shaw, Julie LV, and Eleftherios P. Diamandis. "Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 8 (2007): 1423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.088104.

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Abstract Background: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of 15 secreted serine proteases. Some KLKs are established or candidate cancer biomarkers, but for most the physiological function is unknown. We characterized the protein and mRNA abundance patterns of all 15 KLKs in multiple panels of human tissues and biological fluids. Methods: We used sensitive and specific sandwich-type ELISAs for each KLK. Reverse transcription PCR was used for transcript amplification. Multiple panels of human tissue extracts (adult and fetal) were tested, along with various biological fluids. Results: Quantitative pr
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8

Nelson, Arif Z., Binu Kundukad, Wai Kuan Wong, Saif A. Khan, and Patrick S. Doyle. "Embedded droplet printing in yield-stress fluids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (2020): 5671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919363117.

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Microfluidic tools and techniques for manipulating fluid droplets have become core to many scientific and technological fields. Despite the plethora of existing approaches to fluidic manipulation, non-Newtonian fluid phenomena are rarely taken advantage of. Here we introduce embedded droplet printing—a system and methods for the generation, trapping, and processing of fluid droplets within yield-stress fluids, materials that exhibit extreme shear thinning. This technique allows for the manipulation of droplets under conditions that are simply unattainable with conventional microfluidic methods
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9

Gome, Gilad, Ofra Benny, Oded Shoseyov, and Jonathan Giron. "Design Principles for Laser-Printed Macrofluidics." Inventions 9, no. 4 (2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040068.

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This paper presents a novel method for fabricating fluidic circuits using laser printing technology. The method allows for rapid prototyping of macrofluidic devices with control over fluid manipulation and environmental conditions. We employed a high-resolution laser cutter to etch fluidic channels into various substrates, optimizing parameters such as laser power, speed, and substrate material. Our results demonstrate excellent performance in controlling fluid flow and maintaining environmental conditions, handling a wide range of fluids and flow rates. The devices were tested in multiple set
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10

Gouello, Audrey, Laura Henry, Djamel Chadli-Benhemani, et al. "Evaluation of the Microbiome Identification of Forensically Relevant Biological Fluids: A Pilot Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 2 (2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020187.

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In forensic sciences, body fluids, or biological traces, are a major source of information, and their identification can play a decisive role in criminal investigations. Currently, the nature of biological fluids is assessed using immunological, physico-chemical, mRNA and epigenetic methods, but these have limits in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies offers new opportunities to identify the nature of body fluids by determining bacterial communities. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether analysis of the bacterial communitie
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11

Molina, R., X. Filella, J. Jo, C. Agusti, and A. M. Ballesta. "CA 125 in Biological Fluids." International Journal of Biological Markers 13, no. 4 (1998): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089801300410.

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CA 125 is not a specific tumor marker, and is synthesized by normal and malignant cells of different origin (mainly in tissues derived from the müllerian epithelia) in a similar proportion. Abnormal CA 125 levels may be found in fluids of different origin (ascites, pleura, pericardium, amniotic fluid, cyst fluid, bronchoalveolar fluid, etc.) and in serum from patients with these fluids. Differences in serum CA 125 found in malignant or benign diseases may be related to the number of cells that synthesize the marker, and are highly dependent on the access to serum, where the marker is normally
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12

Li, Suyi, and K. W. Wang. "On the dynamic characteristics of biological inspired multicellular fluidic flexible matrix composite structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (2011): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11424218.

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The objective of this research is to explore the dynamic characteristics of a multicellular fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) structure. F2MC is a novel composite idea inspired by the fibrillar organizations of plant cell walls. Previous work on F2MC has mostly focused on single cell studies and on its static or quasi-static characteristics. The F2MC dynamic characteristics with interaction between cells through a flow circuit have not yet been investigated. When under external load, a network of F2MC cells with different fiber angles will generate pressure gradient and induce internal
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13

Toma, Milan, Rosalyn Chan-Akeley, Jonathan Arias, Gregory D. Kurgansky, and Wenbin Mao. "Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics." Biology 10, no. 3 (2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030185.

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Due to the inherent complexity of biological applications that more often than not include fluids and structures interacting together, the development of computational fluid–structure interaction models is necessary to achieve a quantitative understanding of their structure and function in both health and disease. The functions of biological structures usually include their interactions with the surrounding fluids. Hence, we contend that the use of fluid–structure interaction models in computational studies of biological systems is practical, if not necessary. The ultimate goal is to develop c
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Stamenkovic, Zivojin, Milos Kocic, Jasmina Bogdanovic-Jovanovic, and Jelena Petrovic. "Nano and micropolar MHD fluid flow and heat transfer in inclined channel." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230515170k.

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Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flows attract a lot of attention in the extrusion of polymers, in the theory of nanofluids, as well as in the consideration of biological fluids. The considered problem in the paper is the flow and heat transfer of nano and micropolar fluid in inclined channel. Fluid flow is steady, while nano and micropolar fluids are incompressible, immiscible, and electrically conductive. The upper and lower channel plates are electrically insulated and maintained at constant and different temperatures. External applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the fluid flow and co
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15

Terekhina, N. A., S. E. Reuk, and T. I. Atamanova. "Comparative analysis of ceruloplasmin level in biological fluids at herpes infection." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 5 (2013): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1936.

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Aim. To compare the levels of ceruloplasmin in tears, saliva and blood serum of patients with herpetic stomatitis and eye herpes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined in tears, saliva and blood serum of 30 children, 22 adult patients with herpetic keratitis and 27 children with acute herpetic stomatitis. Biological fluids of 62 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Results. In patients with eye herpes infection, сeruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum and markedly decreased in tears of both affected and inta
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Talalay, Pavel, Zhengyi Hu, Huiwen Xu, et al. "Environmental considerations of low-temperature drilling fluids." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 65 (2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog65a226.

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AbstractThe introduction of low-temperature fluid into boreholes drilled in ice sheets helps to remove drilling cuttings and to prevent borehole closure through visco-plastic deformation. Only special fluids, or mixtures of fluids, can satisfy the very strict criteria for deep drilling in cold ice. The effects of drilling fluid on the natural environment are analyzed from the following points of view: (1) occupational safety and health; (2) ozone depletion and global warming; (3) chemical pollution; and (4) biological pollution. Traditional low-temperature drilling fluids (kerosene-based fluid
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17

Dhayal, Marshal, Chealho So, Jeong Sik Choi, and Jin Jun. "Control of Bio-MEMS Surface Chemical Properties in Micro Fluidic Devices for Biological Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (2006): 3494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17968.

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Surface chemistry of silicon/glass based bio-MEMS was controlled by depositing plasma polymerized acrylic acid (ppAc) films at two different electrode positions in a two-stage plasma reactor. AFM and XPS were used to characterize the surface roughness and surface chemistry of the films, respectively. The surface of bio-MEMS was highly functionalized with carboxylic/ester functionalities with a very good surface uniformity. The proportion of carbon atoms as C–OX, C(=O)OX functionalities was decreased and an increase in C=O functionalities was observed when the electrode position was increased f
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18

Li, Feng, Niall P. Macdonald, Rosanne M. Guijt, and Michael C. Breadmore. "Multimaterial 3D Printed Fluidic Device for Measuring Pharmaceuticals in Biological Fluids." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 3 (2018): 1758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03772.

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19

Hinghofer-Szalkay, H. "Volume and density changes of biological fluids with temperature." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 6 (1985): 1686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1686.

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High-precision (10(-5) g/ml) mass density measurements on human blood, plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate (using PM-10 membranes), and erythrocyte concentrate samples were performed with the mechanical oscillator technique. Measurement temperatures varied between 4 and 48 degrees C and were accurate to +/- 1 X 10(-2) K. The coefficient of thermal expansion (beta), defined as relative volume change with temperature, was calculated. It was shown that beta increases with temperature in these fluid samples over the entire temperature range investigated; the magnitude of this increase declines with incre
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20

Shatokhina, Svetlana N., Vadim V. Zar, Mikhail V. Zar, and Vladimir N. Shabalin. "Structural features of non-cellular tissues of the human body during ochronosis." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 27, no. 4 (2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto46934.

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With the help of special methods of dehydration, the features of the structural organization of the solid phase of biological fluids of a patient with a rare genetic disease ochronosis were revealed. Three biological fluids were taken as material for the study: urine, blood serum, and synovial fluid. For the transfer of biological fluids into a solid phase, the methods of cuneiform and marginal dehydration (technology Litos-System) were used. The structure of the solid phase of biological fluids was studied using stereomicroscopy in white and polarized light, as well as in a dark field. It was
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21

NAZARENKO, N. N., and A. G. KNYAZEVA. "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FILTRATION OF A TWO-PHASE BIOLOGICAL LIQUID IN A CYLINDRICAL PORE." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika 67, no. 8 (2024): 86–93. https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/67/8/9.

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The paper proposes two variants of the model for the filtration of a two-phase biological fluid through a two-layer capillary wall. The influence of porosity and viscosity was investigated for two models: the Buckley - Leverett model and the Rapoport - Leas model. The results were qualitatively the same for both models. When capillary forces are taken into account (Rapoport - Leas model) or when liquids have significantly different viscosities, one liquid displaces the other faster. In the Rapoport - Leas model, the greater the difference in viscosities of unmixed fluids, the lower the outlet
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Li, Chuanbin, Boyang Qin, Arvind Gopinath, Paulo E. Arratia, Becca Thomases, and Robert D. Guy. "Flagellar swimming in viscoelastic fluids: role of fluid elastic stress revealed by simulations based on experimental data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 135 (2017): 20170289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0289.

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Many important biological functions depend on microorganisms' ability to move in viscoelastic fluids such as mucus and wet soil. The effects of fluid elasticity on motility remain poorly understood, partly because the swimmer strokes depend on the properties of the fluid medium, which obfuscates the mechanisms responsible for observed behavioural changes. In this study, we use experimental data on the gaits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii swimming in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids as inputs to numerical simulations that decouple the swimmer gait and fluid type in order to isolate the effect of
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Chaulin, A. M., L. S. Karslyan, E. V. Bazyuk, D. A. Nurbaltaeva, and D. V. Duplyakov. "Clinical and Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Markers in Human Biological Fluids." Kardiologiia 59, no. 11 (2019): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.11.n414.

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The article is devoted to problems of clinical-diagnostic value of determination of cardio-specific troponins in human biological fluids. Improvement of laboratory instrumentation and emergence of high sensitivity methods of analysis have allowed to identify troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. In the review we present actual information related to measurement of troponins in blood serum, data on testing of cardio-specific troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. Special attention is paid to determination of some cardiomarkers in oral fluid with thorough analysis of diagnostic
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Bartsch de Torres, Heike, Christian Rensch, Torsten Thelemann, J. Müller, and M. Hoffmann. "Fully Integrated Bridge-Type Anemometer in LTCC-Based Microfluidic Systems." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.401.

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A thick film anemometer for in situ control of the flow rate in fluidic systems was designed, manufactured and characterized. The sensor is integrated in a retention modulus consisting of Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC). These materials allow the cost-effective realisation of fluidic microsystems with integrated electronics. The challenge of the work is to design an anemometer under the exclusive use of thick film technologies. The necessity to trim resistors causes the external use of relevant pastes. Therefore, the use inside of a closed fluidic system requires the leak of process ga
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Muhammad chimo, Salihu, Ibrahim Garba Bassi, and M. Abdulhameed. "ATANGANA – BALEANU FRACTIONAL MODELLING OF OLDROYD–B FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A CAPILLARY TUBE." FULafia Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2025): 34–46. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2025.v9n1.350.

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In this work, the fluid flow and heat performance of Oldroyd-B fluids, through a capillary tube, were analyzed by means of a fractional model based on the Atangana-Baleanu time-fractional derivative. The fluid motion is generated by an arbitrary pressure gradient of a continuous function of the time. Analytical solutions for the velocity and temperature fields were obtained using the Laplace transform and the finite Hankel transform. In order to obtain the physical behavior regarding the velocity and temperature at the variation of the fractional parameters, material time, pulsation frequency
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Lyons-Darden, Tara, Katherine E. Heim, Li Han, Laura Haines, Christie M. Sayes, and Adriana R. Oller. "Bioaccessibility of Metallic Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Four Simulated Biological Fluids." Nanomaterials 14, no. 10 (2024): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14100877.

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Bioaccessibility of metals from substances and alloys is increasingly used as part of the assessment to predict potential toxicity. However, data are sparse on the metal bioaccessibility from nanoparticle (NP) size metal substances. This study examines nickel ion release from metallic nickel and nickel oxide micron particles (MPs) and NPs in simulated biological fluids at various timepoints including those relevant for specific routes of exposure. The results suggest that MPs of both metallic nickel and nickel oxide generally released more nickel ions in acidic simulated biological fluids (gas
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Michetti, Fabrizio, and Diego Gazzolo. "S100B Protein in Biological Fluids: A Tool for Perinatal Medicine." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 12 (2002): 2097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.12.2097.

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Abstract The diagnosis of perinatal insults currently relies on adequate documentation of general medical and obstetric factors and on radiologic and laboratory assessments. The measurement of brain constituents such as S100B protein may offer an alternative and direct indicator of cell damage in the nervous system when clinical and radiologic assessments are still silent and has the additional advantage of providing a quantitative indicator of the extent of brain lesions. S100B protein has been measured by several immunoassays in biological fluids (i.e., cerebrospinal fluid, blood, amniotic f
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Ikeda, Mayumi, Yu Ishima, Victor T. G. Chuang, et al. "Distribution of Polysulfide in Human Biological Fluids and Their Association with Amylase and Sperm Activities." Molecules 24, no. 9 (2019): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091689.

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Intracellular polysulfide could regulate the redox balance via its anti-oxidant activity. However, the existence of polysulfide in biological fluids still remains unknown. Recently, we developed a quantitative analytical method for polysulfide and discovered that polysulfide exists in plasma and responds to oxidative stress. In this study, we confirmed the presence of polysulfide in other biological fluids, such as semen and nasal discharge. The levels of polysulfide in these biological fluids from healthy volunteers (n = 9) with identical characteristics were compared. Additionally, the circa
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Poroshina, Anastasia, and Vasily Vedeneev. "Existence and uniqueness of the stationary state of elastic tubes conveying power law fluid." Russian journal of biomechanics. 22, no. 2 (2018): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/rjbiomech/2018.2.05.

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Instability of elastic tubes with flowing fluid has been studied in many papers theoretically and experimentally in the context of biological applications. Up to the present day, only Newtonian fluid flowing in collapsible tubes has been studied. However, there are circumstances when blood, gall, and other biological fluids have essentially non-Newtonian properties. An important feature of the biological fluids motions in elastic vessels is the possibility of an oscillatory flow. Several mechanisms are possible for the appearance of such flow conditions. When the pressure inside of the tube is
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Sùrensen, Per Soelberg. "Biological markers in body fluids for activity and progression in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 5, no. 4 (1999): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245859900500416.

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Reliable biological markers in body fluids for disease activity and progression are important for our understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic decisions in various subtypes of multiple sclerosis. Sampling from body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine constitutes the problem that the local immuno-inflammatory process takes place in the central nervous system whereas the disease activity is only to some extent reflected in the systemic immune compartment. Promising results have been obtained in studies of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, co-stimulatory
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Luo, Nianan, Jiangbin Li, Rui Dong, and Jianguo Lu. "Exosome-Based Theranostics for Liver Diseases." Disease Markers 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7888906.

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Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by any type of cell, released into almost all biological fluids, and extracted from anybody fluid such as blood, urine, saliva, and amniotic fluid. The theranostic role of exosome in liver diseases has been widely studied in recent years. In this review, we briefly introduce the biological characteristics of exosomes and then focus on the theranostics of exosomes in liver diseases, specifically gene delivery associated with liver diseases.
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Dhayal, Marshal, Jeong Sik Choi, and Cheal Ho So. "Biological fluid interaction with controlled surface properties of organic micro-fluidic devices." Vacuum 80, no. 8 (2006): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.11.068.

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Nikolof, Todd, Mahesh Prakash, Paul W. Cleary, and Joseph Bertolini. "Fluid flow in a spiral device used for irradiation of biological fluids." Biotechnology Progress 29, no. 2 (2013): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1676.

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Shepard, Robin N., Jody Schock, Kevin Robertson, et al. "Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Different Biological Compartments." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1414-1418.2000.

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Little information is available describing viral loads in body fluids other than blood. In addition, the suitability of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA quantitation has not been evaluated in most nonblood fluids. We compared Organon Teknika's nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method (NASBA) and Roche's Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR]) for quantitating HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, breast milk, seminal plasma, and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid (CVL). Saliva and breast milk frequently demonstra
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Song, Peng Yun, and Ai Lin Ma. "The Concept and the Contents of Process Fluid Mechanics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.194.

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Fluid mechanics is the mechanics of fluids, concerned with the motion of fluids and the forces associated with that motion. A Process is a series of operations which produce a physical or chemical change or biotransformation in the nature of a material. Process industries are those industries in which processes have been taken placed. Process engineering stems from chemical engineering, having much wider ranges and much deep content, and focusing on the design, operation and maintenance of process in process industries. Process fluid mechanics may be interpreted as the fluid mechanics related
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Ibrahim, Ayad. "Analysis of Electric Field Influence on Heat and Mass Transfer in Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow over a Non-Uniform Surface." KHWARIZMIA 2025 (June 30, 2025): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.70470/khwarizmia/2025/003.

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Electric field-non-Newtonian fluid flow over non-uniform surfaces has attracted significant interest because of its application in many industrial and biomedical systems. In contrast to Newtonian fluids, which exhibit a constant viscosity under different shear conditions, non-Newtonian fluids, including suspensions, biological fluids, and solutions based on polymers, display viscosity that varies with the applied shear rate, leading to more intricate flow dynamics. The behavior of these fluids becomes even more complex when they pass through wavy or uneven geometries because surface characteri
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Pepe, Vinicius, Antonio F. Miguel, Flávia Zinani, and Luiz Rocha. "Numerical Study of Carreau Fluid Flow in Symmetrically Branched Tubes." Symmetry 17, no. 1 (2024): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010048.

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The non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model is a suitable model for pseudoplastic fluids and can be used to characterize fluids not so different from biological fluids, such as the blood, and fluids involved in geological processes, such as lava and magma. These fluids are frequently conveyed by complex flow structures, which consist of a network of channels that allow the fluid to flow from one place (source or sink) to a variety of locations or vice versa. These flow networks are not randomly arranged but show self-similarity at different spatial scales. Our work focuses on the design of self-simi
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Sun, Baichuan, Jiang Peng, Shoufeng Wang, et al. "Applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and neurological diseases." Reviews in the Neurosciences 29, no. 5 (2018): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0059.

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Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30–100 nm that are key for intercellular communication. Almost all types of cell, including dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, neuronal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and platelets, can release exosomes. Exosomes are present in human body fluids, such as urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, synovial fluid, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, saliva, and blood. Exosomes have biological functions in immune response, antigen presentation, intercellular communication, and RNA and protein trans
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39

Pinto-Pino, Agatha, and Claudia Trejo-Soto. "Filling phenomena in microfluidics and front microrheology of biological fluids." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2839, no. 1 (2024): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2839/1/012018.

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Abstract In this work we present a method, based on the functioning of microrheometry, which is capable to determine the viscosity of a fluid using the fluid-air interface dynamics driven by hydrostatic pressure, inside a rectangular microchannel. First, we worked at a constant velocity regime, where the viscosity of four Newtonian fluids were characterised: water, ethylene-glycol, 50% glycerol and blood plasma. Then, we applied this method to blood samples of 45% and 35% haematocrit, at the same velocity regime and we were capable to calculate the viscosity of these samples. Moreover the meth
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Palchetti, S., D. Pozzi, M. Mahmoudi, and G. Caracciolo. "Exploitation of nanoparticle–protein corona for emerging therapeutic and diagnostic applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 25 (2016): 4376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb01095d.

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Exposure of nanoparticles (NPs) to biological fluids (e.g., plasma, interstitial fluid, and cytoplasm) leads to the absorption of proteins on the NP surface, forming a protein corona (PC) that drastically influences the NP physicochemical properties.
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41

Borůvková, K., T. Bakalova, L. Voleský, and P. Louda. "The Influence of Nanoadditives on the Biological Properties and Chemical Composition of Process Fluids." Advances in Materials Science 15, no. 4 (2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2015-0023.

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Abstract In this study process fluids were tested after the addition of nanoparticles. Cooling and lubricating process fluids are used in machining to reduce wear on tools, to increase machine performance and to improve product quality. The use of process fluids leads to their pollution and contamination. Nanoparticles were added to the process fluids in order to increase their antibacterial activity. The selected nanoparticles were nanoparticles of metallic silver. The process fluids were modified by the addition of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid. Reduction of silver nanoparticles in the vo
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Wieslander, Anders, Torbjörn Linden, Barbara Musi, Ola Carlsson, and Reinhold Deppisch. "Biological Significance of Reducing Glucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 20, no. 5_suppl (2000): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080002005s05.

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Carbohydrates are not stable when exposed to energy; they degrade into new molecules. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids, degradation of glucose occurs during the heat sterilization procedure. The biological consequences of this degradation are side effects such as impaired proliferation and impaired host defense mechanisms, demonstrated in vitro for a great variety of cells. Several highly toxic compounds—such as formaldehyde and 3-deoxyglucosone—have been identified in PD fluids. Carbonyl compounds, apart from being cytotoxic, are also well-known promoters of irreversible advanced glycation
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43

Wu, Chenjun, Qingxu Zhang, Xinpeng Fan, Yihu Song, and Qiang Zheng. "Magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system for non-Newtonian fluids with an analogic moisture loss process." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 13 (2019): 2013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19853625.

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A magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system consisting of a magnetorheological elastomer tube and two electromagnets implements controlled movements via an external magnetic field with varying periods of driving voltages to convey non-Newtonian fluids over a certain time period. The effects of backpressure at the outlet of the magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system, the viscosity of fluids at zero shear rate, and moisture loss along the longitudinal direction on net pumped volume are investigated systematically. The results demonstrate that the ne
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Dollet, Benjamin, Philippe Marmottant, and Valeria Garbin. "Bubble Dynamics in Soft and Biological Matter." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 51, no. 1 (2019): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040352.

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Bubbles are present in a large variety of emerging applications, from advanced materials to biology and medicine, as either laser-generated or acoustically driven bubbles. In these applications, the bubbles undergo oscillatory dynamics and collapse inside—or near—soft and biological materials. The presence of a soft, viscoelastic medium strongly affects the bubble dynamics, both its linear resonance properties and its nonlinear behavior. Surfactant molecules or solid particles adsorbed on a bubble surface can also modify the bubble dynamics through the rheological properties of the interfacial
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Chen, Dilin, Jie Li, Haiwen Chen, Lai Zhang, Hongna Zhang, and Yu Ma. "Electroosmotic Flow Behavior of Viscoelastic LPTT Fluid in a Microchannel." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (2019): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120881.

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In many research works, the fluid medium in electroosmosis is considered to be a Newtonian fluid, while the polymer solutions and biological fluids used in biomedical fields mostly belong to the non-Newtonian category. Based on the finite volume method (FVM), the electroosmotic flow (EOF) of viscoelastic fluids in near-neutral (pH = 7.5) solution considering four ions (K+, Cl−, H+, OH−) is numerically studied, as well as the viscoelastic fluids’ flow characteristics in a microchannel described by the Linear Phan-Thien–Tanner (LPTT) constitutive model under different conditions, including the e
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Vaneev, A. N., A. V. Alova, A. S. Erofeev, et al. "Detecting reactive oxygen species in biological fluids by platinum nanoelectrode applying amperometric method." NANOMEDICINE, no. 6 (September 28, 2018): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2018.045.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital metabolites in numerous biological functions. Disorders of cellular mechanisms can cause overproduction of ROS and, subsequently, oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, cells and tissues, which is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Development of highly sensitive, relatively simple and fast-to-implement innovative methods to detect oxidative stress requires understanding of how such disorders relate to the level of ROS. This research aimed to apply the biological fluids' ROS detection method we have d
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Liu, Hanwen. "Collective Behavior of COMSOL-Based Microrobot Swarms in Various Fluids." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 755. https://doi.org/10.56028/aetr.12.1.755.2024.

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Microrobot swarms hold great promise for targeted therapy at cellular and molecular levels, particularly in hard-to-reach areas of the human body. While progress has been made, most research remains confined to homogeneous fluid environments, overlooking the complex rheological properties of biological fluids. To address this, a fluid-structure coupling model using CFD technology was developed to study the collective behavior of spherical microrobot swarms in Newtonian, shear-thickening, and shear-thinning fluids. By examining lateral and longitudinal swarm motion under varying wall conditions
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D'Alessandro, Annamaria, Domenico Ciavardelli, Anna Pastore, et al. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of AFP and hCG: Validation of the Analytical Method and Application in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (2021): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111980.

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The determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) levels on serum and amniotic fluid plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and follow-up of specific physiological or pathological conditions (e.g., pregnancy, threat of abortion or germ cell tumors). Recently, the quantification of hCG and AFP in other biological fluids has gained great attention to support the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of neoplastic diseases deriving from trophoblastic cells, such as germinomas. Most of the commercial kits for hCG and AFP assays are developed to be used on biologic
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Weber, Jessica A., David H. Baxter, Shile Zhang, et al. "The MicroRNA Spectrum in 12 Body Fluids." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 11 (2010): 1733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.147405.

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BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play an important role in regulating various biological processes through their interaction with cellular messenger RNAs. Extracellular miRNAs in serum, plasma, saliva, and urine have recently been shown to be associated with various pathological conditions including cancer. METHODS With the goal of assessing the distribution of miRNAs and demonstrating the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers, we examined the presence of miRNAs in 12 human body fluids and urine samples from women in different stages of pregnancy or patients with di
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Winskas, John T., Hao Wang, Arsenii Zhdanov, et al. "Different Regimes of Opto-fluidics for Biological Manipulation." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120802.

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Metallic structures can be used for the localized heating of fluid and the controlled generation of microfluidic currents. Carefully designed currents can move and trap small particles and cells. Here we demonstrate a new bi-metallic substrate that allows much more powerful micro-scale manipulation. We show that there are multiple regimes of opto-fluidic manipulation that can be controlled by an external laser power. While the lowest power does not affect even small objects, medium power can be used for efficiently capturing and trapping particles and cells. Finally, the high-power regime can
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