Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering"

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Zabagło, Jadwiga, Jerzy Baron, Małgorzata Olek, Stanisław Kandefer, and Witold Żukowski. "The use of the fluidized bed boiler for the disposal of the multi-material packaging waste." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 4 (2010): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0043-9.

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The use of the fluidized bed boiler for the disposal of the multi-material packaging waste The paper presents the results of the disposal of packaging waste from two companies: Tetra Pak and Combibloc, carried out in a fluidized bed boiler of rated thermal power 0.5 MW. The material introduced into the fluidized bed boiler underwent thermal and mechanical degradation in a sand bed of the temperature between 750 and 850°C. The process proceeds auto-thermally, without the need of additional fuel. The appropriately chosen fluidization parameters caused the separation of the solid products of combustion from the deposit material. Presence of aluminum, part of it in an un-oxidized form, was confirmed in separated dust. The gaseous products of combustion contained the traces of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, mainly originating from the remnants of food products contained in the packaging. However, the concentration of these oxides met the requirements of emission standards.
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Szücs, Botond, and Pál Szentannai. "Experimental Investigation on Mixing and Segregation Behavior of Oxygen Carrier and Biomass Particle in Fluidized Bed." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 3 (2019): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13764.

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In this work, lab-scale cold fluidization equipment is designed and constructed to investigate the mixing and segregating phenomena of binary fluidized beds. The focus of the investigation is carbon reduction with the fluidized bed technology-based Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). Nowadays, aspiration to carbon reduction focuses on the solid fuels. Therefore, it is of great importance to integrate the benefits of CLC technology with the use of solid fuels. The measurements of fuel particles in the fluidized bed are extended from the homogeneous and spherical shape to the inhomogeneous, non-spherical shape. During the tests, an iron-based oxygen carrier (OC) for chemical looping combustors is examined with different particle sizes. In addition, the tests included the examination of three different fuel samples (crushed coal, agricultural pellet, and Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)), which can be utilized in chemical looping combustion with In-situ gasification. The experiments are carried out using the bed-frozen method. With this method, the vertical concentration of active particles could be measured. The results show that the particle size of the oxygen carrier does fundamentally influence its vertical placement, and the non-spherical character of most alternative fuels must also be considered for optimal reactor design.
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Dawson, M. Robert, and Robert C. Brown. "Bed material cohesion and loss of fluidization during fluidized bed combustion of midwestern coal." Fuel 71, no. 5 (1992): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(92)90158-k.

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Faravelli, Tiziano, Alessio Frassoldati, Eliseo Ranzi, Miccio Francesco, and Miccio Michele. "Modeling Homogeneous Combustion in Bubbling Beds Burning Liquid Fuels." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (2006): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424957.

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This paper introduces a model for the description of the homogeneous combustion of various fuels in fluidized bed combustors (FBC) at temperatures lower than the classical value for solid fuels, i.e., 850°C. The model construction is based on a key bubbling fluidized bed feature: A fuel-rich (endogenous) bubble is generated at the fuel injection point, travels inside the bed at constant pressure, and undergoes chemical conversion in the presence of mass transfer with the emulsion phase and of coalescence with air (exogenous) bubbles formed at the distributor and, possibly, with other endogenous bubbles. The model couples a fluid-dynamic submodel based on two-phase fluidization theory with a submodel of gas phase oxidation. To this end, the model development takes full advantage of a detailed chemical kinetic scheme, which includes both the low and high temperature mechanisms of hydrocarbon oxidation, and accounts for about 200 molecular and radical species involved in more than 5000 reactions. Simple hypotheses are made to set up and close mass balances for the various species as well as enthalpy balances in the bed. First, the conversion and oxidation of gaseous fuels (e.g., methane) were calculated as a test case for the model; then, n-dodecane was taken into consideration to give a simple representation of diesel fuel using a pure hydrocarbon. The model predictions qualitatively agree with some of the evidence from the experimental data reported in the literature. The fate of hydrocarbon species is extremely sensitive to temperature change and oxygen availability in the rising bubble. A preliminary model validation was attempted with results of experiments carried out on a prepilot, bubbling combustor fired by underbed injection of a diesel fuel. Specifically, the model results confirm that heat release both in the bed and in the freeboard is a function of bed temperature. At lower emulsion phase temperatures many combustible species leave the bed unburned, while post-combustion occurs after the bed and freeboard temperature considerably increases. This is a well-recognized undesirable feature from the viewpoint of practical application and emission control.
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Johari, Anwar, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Mimi Haryani Hassim, et al. "Effect of Fluidization Number on the Combustion of Empty Fruit Bunch in a Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.301.

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The effect of fluidization number on the sustainability of fluidized bed combustion of empty fruit bunch was investigated. Proximate and ultimate analyses were conducted to determine the physical and chemical properties of empty fruit bunch. Sand mean particle size was determined at 0.34 mm and the sand bed height was set at 1 Dcwhich is equivalent to the diameter of the reactor. Combustion study was carried out in a circular reactor of 0.21 m diameter and operated at stoichiometric condition (Air Factor = 1). The range of fluidization numbers under investigation was from 3 to 8 Umf. The fluidized bed operated in a bubbling mode at operating temperature at about 700°C. Results showed that the most optimum fluidization number was 5 Umfbeing the most optimum with respect to the sustainability of the bed temperature.
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Raveendran, K., W. A. R. Jayarathna, A. D. U. S. Amarasinghe, and W. S. Botheju. "Modeling the effect of shrinkage on fluidized bed drying of orthodox broken type tea." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 25, no. 3 (2019): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq180821008r.

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Fermented tea particles (dhool) are a polydisperse system subject to shrinkage during fluidized bed drying, which is an important process in the production of orthodox broken type tea. The effect of shrinkage on the physical properties and the minimum fluidization velocity were studied. Five different moisture contents of dhool particles were chosen in the range of 3-106 mass% (dry basis) and the changes in particle diameters and particle densities were measured. For each of the moisture contents, the minimum fluidization velocity was found for three different bed loadings using ambient air at 25?C in a fluidized bed with an area of 351?345 mm2. Since the conventional industrial type fluidized bed dryers operate at 124?C, the new correlations among the Archimedes number, Reynolds number at minimum fluidization and dimensionless moisture content were developed using air properties at 124?C. The results were validated for orthodox broken type tea, drying at 124?C, in a fluidized bed dryer with bed loadings in the range of 44.5 to 50.5 kg/m2. The predicted fluidization velocity was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and the difference was below 10% for most cases.
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Yamazaki, Ryohei, Ryokichi Sugioka, Osamu Ando, and Genji Jimbo. "Minimum fluidization velocity of inclined fluidized bed." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 15, no. 2 (1989): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.219.

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Tanaka, Zennosuke, Tadashi Miya, and Teruo Takahashi. "Fluidization Characteristics of a Centrifugal Fluidized Bed." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 19, no. 4 (1993): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.19.605.

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Fan, L. T., C. C. Chang, Y. S. Yu, Teruo Takahashi, and Zennosuke Tanaka. "Incipient fluidization condition for a centrifugal fluidized bed." AIChE Journal 31, no. 6 (1985): 999–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310617.

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Zhang, Yi, Kheng-Lim Goh, Yuen-Ling Ng, Yvonne Chow, and Vladimir Zivkovic. "Design and Investigation of a 3D-Printed Micro-Fluidized Bed." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030062.

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Micro-fluidized bed has aroused much attention due to its low-cost, intensified-process and fast-screening properties. In this paper, a micro-fluidized bed (15 × 15 mm in cross-section) was designed and fabricated with the use of the stereolithography printing technique, for the investigation of bubbles’ hydrodynamics and comparison of the solids (3D-printed particles VS fungal pellets) fluidization characteristics. In a liquid–gas system, bubble flow regime started from mono-dispersed homogeneous regime, followed by poly-dispersed homogeneous regime, transition bubble regime and heterogeneous bubble regime with increasing gas flowrates from 3.7 mL/min to 32.7 mL/min. The impacts from operating parameters such as gas flowrate, superficial liquid velocity and gas sparger size on bubble size, velocity and volume fraction have been summarized. In liquid–solid fluidization, different solid fluidization regimes for both particles bed and pellets bed were identified. From the bed expansion results, much higher Umf of 7.8 mm/s from pellets fluidization was observed compared that of 2.3 mm/s in particles fluidization, because the hyphal structures of fungal pellets increased surface friction but also tended to agglomerate. The similar R–Z exponent n (5.7 and 5.5 for pellets and particles, respectively) between pellets and particles was explained by the same solid diameter, but much higher Ut of 436 µm/s in particles bed than that of 196 µm/s in pellets bed is a consequence of the higher density of solid particles. This paper gives insights on the development of MFB and its potential in solid processing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering"

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Xu, Bao Hua. "Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in fluidized beds." Online version, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/22135.

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Bayham, Samuel C. "Iron-Based Coal Direct Chemical Looping Process for Power Generation: Experimental Aspects, Process Development, and Considerations for Commercial Scale." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1425759077.

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Rao, Arjun Shankar. "Carbonation of fluidized bed combustion solids." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27412.

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Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash from the combustion of high-sulphur fuels with limestone addition can contain from 15 to 25% quick lime content. This excess calcium oxide gives the ash numerous undesirable properties such as strong exothermicity on wetting and high-pH leachate that must be treated before discharge. It also leads to the formation of ettringite with significant deleterious expansion in the landfill. In consequence, carbonation of FBC ash is desirable in order to reduce its alkalinity and improve its disposal characteristics. The current technique to reduce the exothermic character of the ash involves hydrating the ash in two stages, leading to the consumption of large quantities of water. Sonication along with simultaneous carbonation of the ash yields a product suitable for direct disposal in landfills with the minimum of water addition (to achieve the optimum proctor levels for maximum compaction of the ash in the landfill site). This work explores the use of sonochemical-enhanced carbonation of FBC ash. Tests have been conducted using four ashes, two of which differ in age only and are from the Nova Scotia Power 183 MWe CFBC (circulating fluidized bed combustor) boiler. The other two ashes are from the CFBC boilers at A/C power and Piney Creek, U.S.A. Tests with additives such as sodium chloride (at levels comparable with that in seawater) and seawater from Nova Scotia have also been carried out. Tests were carried out at low (20°, 40°C) and high (60°, 80°C) temperatures. Sonicated samples were also analyzed using TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis), TGA-FTIR (Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy analysis) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) techniques to determine the influence of other calcium compounds (OCC). The size reduction brought about by sonication was quantified using wet sieving. The ash reactivity displays a strong temperature dependency with almost complete carbonation of the ashes being achieved in minutes at higher temperatures. Additives were found to increase the level of hydration of the ashes in line with previous work; however, carbonation levels were unaffected. TGA, TGA-FTIR and XRD analysis of the samples indicated that other calcium compounds (OCC) were also formed during hydration.
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Trivett, G. S. "Combustion of coal/water slurry in a fluidized bed." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371453.

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McIntyre, Christopher. "CPFD Modeling of a Novel Internally Circulating Bubbling Fluidized Bed for Chemical Looping Combustion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42054.

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Pressurized chemical looping combustion (PCLC) is a promising next generation carbon capture technology which operates on the fundamentals of oxyfuel combustion to concentrate carbon dioxide in the flue gas stream. Oxygen is supplied through cyclic oxidation and reduction of a solid metal oxide between an air reactor and fuel reactor to prevent the direct contact of fuel and air. CanmetENERGY-Ottawa, in collaboration with Hatch Ltd., is designing a pilot scale PCLC system which uses ilmenite as the oxygen carrier and a novel fluidized bed design called the Plug Flow Internally-recirculating Reactor (PFIR). The PFIR consists of an annular bubbling fluidized region in which particles are circulated by angle jets through two reactive zones separated by baffles. The overall objective of this thesis was to provide key design parameters and insight for the construction of the pilot facility. Experimental work was first conducted investigating the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf), gas bubble size, and tube-to-bed heat transfer coefficients of different ilmenite particle size distributions (PSDs) at varying pressures up to 2000 kPa. The data was compared to a variety of literature correlations. The Saxena & Vogel (1977) constants for the Wen-Yu type correlations (Remf=√C12+C2Ar-C1) resulted in the best fit for predicting the Umf of the PSDs with Sauter mean diameters (SMD) less than 109 μm, while the Chitester et al. (1984) constants resulted in better predictions for the larger particle size distributions (SMD greater than 236 μm). Gas bubble size was found to be marginally impacted by pressure, with the Mori & Wen (1975) correlation best fitting the data. The heat transfer coefficient was found to also be marginally increased by pressure with the the Molerus et al. (1995) correlation matching the atmospheric data. A computational particle fluid dynamic (CPFD) model of the experimental unit was then created and validated using the obtained data for minimum fluidization velocity and bubble size. The accuracy of the model was found to be dependent on the particle close packing factor input variable, with a value of 0.58 resulting in the best results for each of the ilmenite PSDs modeled. Finally, a CPFD model was created for a cold flow design of the PFIR to investigate the impacts of different operating parameters on the solids circulation rate and gas infiltration rate between the two reactor zones. This model used the validated parameters of the previous CPFD model to add confidence to the results. The impacts of increasing superficial gas velocity, fluidizing gas jet velocity, bed height, and pressure were all found to increase the solids circulation rate through their respective impacts on the momentum rate of the fluidizing gas. A polynomial function was fit between these two variables resulting in a method to predict the solids circulation rate. Similarly, the rate of gas infiltration between sections was found to be dependent on the solids circulation rate, allowing for a function to be made to predict the gas infiltration at different operating conditions.
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Gogebakan, Yusuf. "Simulation Of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607775/index.pdf.

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A dynamic mathematical model for simulation of atmospheric circulating fluidized bed combustors has been developed on the basis of first principles and empirical correlations. The model accounts for dense and dilute zone hydrodynamics, volatiles release and combustion, char particles combustion and their size distribution, and heat transfer from/to gas, particles, waterwalls and refractory. Inputs to the model include configuration and dimensions of the combustor and its internals, air and coal flows, coal analysis, all solid and gas properties, inlet temperatures of air, cooling water, and feed solids, size distribution of feed solids<br>whereas outputs include transient values of combustor temperatures, gas concentrations, char and inert hold-ups and their size distributions. The solution procedure employs method of lines approach for the governing non-linear partial differential equations and combined bisection and secant rule for non-linear algebraic equations. The initial conditions required for the model are provided from the simultaneous solution of governing equations of dynamic model with all temporal derivatives set to zero. By setting all temporal derivatives to zero, model can also be utilized for steady state performance prediction. In order to assess the validity and predictive accuracy of the model, it was applied to the prediction of the steady state behavior of Technical University of Nova Scotia 0.3 MWt CFBC Test Rig and predictions were compared with measurements taken on the same rig. Comparison of model predictions at steady state conditions revealed that the predictions of the model are physically correct and agree well with the measurements and the model is successful in qualitatively and quantitatively simulating the processes taking place in a circulating fluidized bed combustor.
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Jeong, Hae-won. "Study of the heat transfer mechanism from a submerged pulse combustor to a fluidized bed." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12458.

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Du, Bing. "Hydrodynamics and flow structure, gas and solids mixing behavior, and choking phenomena in gas-solid fluidization." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110208922.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxvii, 334 p.; also includes graphics (some col). Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-334). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Batu, Aykan. "Investigation Of Combustion Characteristics Of Indigenous Lignite In A 150 Kwt Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609432/index.pdf.

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Coal is today the fossil fuel which offers the greatest proven reserves. Due to increasingly stringent environmental legislation, coal fired combustion systems should be based on clean coal combustion technologies. For clean and efficient energy generation from coal reserves, the most suitable technology known to date is the &lsquo<br>Fluidized Bed Combustion&rsquo<br>technology. Applications of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFB) technology have been steadily increasing in both capacity and number over the past decade for the utilization of this resource. Designs of these units have been based on the combustion tests carried out in pilot scale facilities to determine the combustion and desulfurization characteristics of the coals and limestones in CFB conditions. However, utilization of Turkish lignites with high ash, volatile matter and sulfur contents in CFB boilers necessitates adaptation of CFB combustion technology to these resources. Therefore, it has been the objective of this study to investigate combustion characteristics of an indigenous lignite in a circulating fluidized bed combustor. In this study, a 150 kWt Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Combustor Test Unit was designed and constructed in Chemical Engineering Department of Middle East Technical University, based on the extensive experience acquired at the existing 0.3 MWt Bubbling Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (AFBC) Test Rig. Following the commissioning tests, combustion tests were carried out for investigation of combustion characteristics of &Ccedil<br>an lignite in CFB conditions and for comparison of the design of the test unit with experimental findings. The steady state results of the combustion tests reveal that &Ccedil<br>an lignite is fired with high combustion efficiency. Temperature profile along the riser is achieved to be almost uniform by good control of cooling system. Pressure drop through the dilute zone is found to be negligible because of low solid hold up in this zone. CO and NO concentrations within the flue gas are fairly lower, whereas N2O concentration is higher compared to the ones obtained in the bubbling AFBC test rig firing the same lignite. The deviation of particle size distributions of bottom ash and circulating ash among the tests are in line with the deviation of superficial velocity. In order to assess the validity and predictive accuracy of the pressure balance model, it was reapplied to the test unit utilyzing the revised input data based on the results of the combustion tests. Comparison of the model predictions with experimental results revealed that the predictions have acceptable agreement with the measurements. In conclusion, the performance of 150 kW CFBC Test Unit was found to be satisfactory to be utilized for the long term research studies on combustion and desulfurization characteristics of indigenous lignite reserves in circulating fluidized bed combustors.
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Hosseinian, Aida. "Thermodynamic Equilibrium Prediction of Corrosion Tendency in Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Solid Waste." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13619.

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Global warming and air pollution are two issues of greatest concerns to human life in recent years. Environmental concerns and econimal/political independency of fossil fuels have been the driving force of developing interest in renewable resources of energy for many countries. Different type of waste-derived fuels such as biomass, municipal solid waste and industrial waste are interesting energy resources for energy producing companies. There are mainly two main paths when it comes to waste-to-energy industry, which are thermal treatment of waste, as well as biochemical treatment. Thermal treatment of waste to produce energy could benefit both for hygienic consideration of waste management and avoiding waste landfill.Heat and power generation through combustion of waste or biomass has several environmental, and economical advantageous over utilization of fossil fuels. Thermal conversion of waste and biomass fuels, however, has some challenges mainly due to their chemical composition and high alkali metals (potassium and sodium) content. Combustion of these fuels usually can result in some operational challenges such as deposition, fouling, bed agglomeration and corrosion in different part of the boiler. The less reactive and non-combustible part of the fuel known as ash-forming matter has a major role in these operational challenges. Ash related problems in waste-to-energy boilers lead to lower efficiency, high maintenance costs and equipment failure. Therefore, investigating the chemical composition of fuel and ash-forming matter is essential prior to thermal conversion of waste-derived fuels. High-temperature corrosion due to formation of corrosive alkali chloride compounds during combustion is one of the main ash-related concerns in boilers.This study investigated high-temperature corrosion in circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) combustion of solid waste. Flue gas composition of solid waste combustion in the CFB boiler was analysed in two cases: combustion of the reference fuel, and combustion of the “same” fuel with a sulphur containing additive (ammonium sulphate), to decrease the corrosive alkali chlorides in the flue gas. Chemical fractionation was carried out for fuel samples to determine the reactive and less-reactive fraction of ash-forming matter. A thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed using Factsage thermochemical software, to predict the chemical composition of the flue-gas with a special focus on corrosive alkali chlorides. The modelling results were evaluated using In-situ Alkali Chloride Monitoring (IACM) results obtained during the full-scale combustion measurements.
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Books on the topic "Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering"

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library, Wiley online, ed. Chemical looping systems for fossil energy conversions. Wiley-AIChE, 2010.

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Yue, Guangxi. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Fan, Liang-Shih. Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011.

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Fan, Liang-Shih. Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011.

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Zhang, Hai, Guangxi Yue, and Changsui Zhao. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering"

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Artlich, Stefan. "Combustion of Coal in Pressurized Fluidized Bed Reactors." In Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80149-5_1.

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Leckner, B. "Fluidized Bed Combustion." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.12183-3.

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Li, Youchu, and Xuyi Zhang. "8. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion." In Advances in Chemical Engineering Volume 20. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2377(08)60303-8.

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Nakamura, Hideya, and Satoru Watano. "Numerical simulation of particle fluidization behaviors in a rotating fluidized bed." In New Developments and Application in Chemical Reaction Engineering. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81644-7.

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Cho, Sunghyun, Chanho Park, Min Oh, Jungsu Park, Hyunsoo Kim, and Il Moon. "Optimal Operating Condition of Fluidized Bed Propellant Incinerator Considering Fluidization Effect and Reaction of the Particles." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63428-3.50196-x.

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Lee, Jong-Min, Dong-Won Kim, Eun-Mo Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, and Jong-Jin Kim. "Characteristics of particle mixing and detection of poor fluidization in a fluidized bed ash cooler." In New Developments and Application in Chemical Reaction Engineering. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81645-9.

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Okoli, Chinedu O., Andrew Lee, Anthony P. Burgard, and David C. Miller. "A Fluidized Bed Process Model of a Chemical Looping Combustion Fuel Reactor." In 13th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE 2018). Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64241-7.50038-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluidized-bed combustion. Fluidization. Chemical engineering"

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Lavrich, Zoe, Zachary Taie, Shyam Menon, Shane Daly, Devin Halliday, and Chris Hagen. "Internal Combustion Engines as Fluidized Bed Reactors." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3524.

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An internal combustion engine which is primarily designed for producing power can be utilized as a chemical reactor for a range of chemical processes given its inherent advantages including high throughput, high chemical conversion efficiency, and reactant/product handling benefits. For gas-phase processes requiring a catalyst, the ability to develop a fluidized bed reactor within the engine cylinder would greatly enhance gas/solid mixing, reducing mass transfer barriers and allowing the reactor to efficiently process large volumes of fluid. In addition, use of an engine could facilitate vibration and pulsed flow which may enhance fluidization quality. This work examines the fluidization behavior of particles within a cylinder of an internal combustion engine at various engine speeds using analytical and experimental methods. First, calculations were carried out to determine the maximum fluidization velocity and the corresponding engine speeds below which fluidization of a particle bed is possible given the properties of the particles and engine dimensions. Fluidization depends on particle properties as well as the engine used. For 40–63 micron diameter silica gel particles placed inside a modified Megatech Mark III transparent combustion engine (with a bore of 4.1 cm, stroke length of 5.1 cm and compression ratio of 2.4), calculations indicate that engine speeds of approximately 1.1 to 60.8 RPM would result in fluidization of the particles. For higher engine speeds, the fluidization behavior is expected to deteriorate as the maximum fluidization velocity is surpassed. Next, experiments were conducted using the transparent engine and video recording to obtain qualitative confirmation of the analytical predictions. Simulations were then performed using ANSYS Fluent to investigate pressure drop across the bed. Consistent with the calculations, for an engine speed of 48 RPM, fluidized behavior was observed. In contrast for an engine speed of 171 RPM, the fluidization was observed to deteriorate and result in a “cake” of particles that moved in a lumped manner. Overall, the investigation shows that a fluidized bed can be obtained within the cylinder of a reciprocating piston engine if the engine speed is within the range predicted by the maximum fluidization velocity.
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Ada´nez, Juan, Francisco Garci´a-Labiano, Luis F. de Diego, et al. "Optimizing the Fuel Reactor for Chemical Looping Combustion." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-063.

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A mathematical model for a bubbling fluidized bed has been developed to optimize the performance of the fuel reactor in chemical looping combustion systems. This model considers both the hydrodynamic of the fluidized bed (dense bed and freeboard) and the kinetics of the oxygen carrier reduction. Although the model is valid for any of the possible oxygen carriers and fuels, the present work has been focused in the use of a carrier, CuO-SiO2, and CH4 as fuel. The shrinking core model has been used to define the particle behavior during their reduction. The simulation of the fuel reactor under different operating conditions was carried out to set the operating conditions and optimize the process. The effect of different design or operating variables as the bed height, the oxygen carrier/fuel ratio, and the gas throughput was analyzed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis to the solid reactivity, the bubble diameter, and to the gas/solid contact efficiency in the freeboard was done. At vigorous fluidization, solid present in the freeboard can strongly contribute to the gas conversion in the fuel reactor. However, the gas/solid contact efficiency in this zone must be determined for each particular case.
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3

Putra, Satya Andika, Umi Hanifah, and Mirwan Ardiansyah Karim. "Theoretical study of fluidization and heat transfer on fluidized bed coffee roaster." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098287.

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Faravelli, Tiziano, Alessio Frassoldati, Eliseo Ranzi, Francesco Miccio, and Michele Miccio. "Modeling Homogeneous Combustion in Bubbling Beds Burning Liquid Fuels." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-133.

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This paper presents a first implementation of a model for the description of homogeneous combustion of different fuels in fluidized bed combustors (FBC) at temperatures lower than the classical value for solid fuels, i.e. 850°C. Model construction is based on a key feature of the bubbling fluidized bed: a fuel-rich (endogenous) bubble is generated at the fuel injection point, travels inside the bed at constant pressure and undergoes chemical conversion in presence of mass transfer with the emulsion phase and of coalescence with air (exogenous) bubbles formed at the distributor and, possibly, with other endogenous bubbles. The model couples a fluid-dynamic sub-model based on the two phases theory of fluidization with a sub-model of gas phase oxidation. To this end, model development takes full advantage of a detailed chemical kinetics scheme, which includes both the low and high temperature mechanisms of hydrocarbon oxidation and accounts for about 200 molecular and radical species involved in more than 5000 reactions. Simple hypotheses are made to set-up and close mass balances of the various species as well as enthalpy balances in the bed. First, conversion and oxidation of gaseous fuels (e.g. methane) have been calculated as a test case for the model; then, n-dodecane has been taken into consideration to simply represent a diesel fuel by means of a pure hydrocarbon. Model predictions qualitatively agree with some evidences coming from experimental data reported in the literature. The fate of hydrocarbon species is extremely sensitive to temperature changes and oxygen availability in the rising bubble. A preliminary model validation has been attempted against the results of experiments carried out on a pre-pilot, bubbling combustor fired with underbed injection of a diesel fuel. In particular, model results confirm the trends that the heat release either in the bed or in the freeboard experimentally shows as a function of bed temperature. At lower emulsion phase temperatures many combustible species leave unburned the bed, post-combustion occurs past the bed and freeboard temperature considerably increases; as it is well known, this is an undesirable feature from the viewpoints of practical application and emission control.
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Murthy, Bhagavatula Venkata Ramana. "Pressure Drop and Mass Transfer Studies in Liquid Fluidized Beds." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13455.

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Fluidized beds are widely used in industries for mixing solid particles with liquids as the solid is vigorously agitated by the liquid passing through the bed and the mixing of the solid ensures that there are practically no temperature gradients in the bed even with exothermic or endothermic reactions (Mixing and the segregation in a liquid fluidized of particles with different sizes and densities", The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1988). The violent motion of the solid particles also gives high heat transfer rates to the wall or to cooling tubes immersed in the bed. Because of the fluidity of the solid particles, it is easy to pass solid from one vessel to another. In the present experimental work, the relative density between solid and liquid phases on pressure drop under fluidized condition has been studied using the solid-liquid systems namely, glass beads-water, glass beads-kerosene, plastic beads-kerosene and diamond sugar-kerosene. Pressure drop - liquid velocity and void fraction - liquid velocity relationships have been found for all the mentioned solid-liquid systems under fluidized condition and results have been noted. The effect of the nature of the fluid on the minimum fluidization velocity and the pressure drop has been studied. In addition to the pressure drop studies, mass transfer studies have also been conducted with diamond sugar-water system with and without fluidization and results have been obtained. In addition to these, comparison of bed voidage, pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity between denser and lighter liquids have been studied and the results have been obtained. Also, the value of rate of mass transfer with fluidization is compared that without fluidization for diamond sugar-water system and the results have been obtained.
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6

Vaccari, Anna, Michele Pinelli, Luca Pirani, and Nicola Gandolfi. "CFD Analysis of a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Industrial Application." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37042.

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The fluidized bed reactors are widely used in chemical, mining and pharmaceutical industries and energy applications because of the low pressure drop, the uniform distribution of temperature and of high-speed mass transfer of energy and speed. Fluidization behavior depends on the reactor geometry and internals as well as the particle size distribution and physical properties of the process material. This paper presents a 3D fluid dynamic simulation of a fluidized bed reactor for the pharmaceutical processing of powder, such as mixing, granulation and drying. Firstly, sensitivity analyses based on a literature test-case were performed, for the validation of the computational model and the development of the additional components required for the simulation of a real fluidized bed reactor. Then an unsteady URANS 3D simulation of a modular laboratory-scale fluid bed reactor, product of IMA S.p.A. Active Division, was performed to evaluate the velocity field and particle distribution of the powder involved in the mixing process.
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Deb, Surya, and Danesh Tafti. "Discrete Element Modeling and Validation of Fluidized Bed With Multiple Jets." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72084.

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Fluidized beds with multiple jets have widespread industrial applications. They are used to aid in proper mixing of coal or biomass in the bed, which in turn increases the combustion and heat transfer. The objective of this paper is to investigate the jet interactions and hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed with multiple jets. Discrete Element Modeling coupled with a CFD code GenIDLEST has been used to numerically simulate 9 jets. The results are compared with published experiments. Mono dispersed particles of size 550 microns are used with 1.4 times the minimum fluidization for the particles. Two dimensional computations have been performed. The solid fraction at different heights from the jetting bed is compared with the experiments along with the solid circulation at the grid zone or the jetting zone. Average solid fraction across the cross-section of the bed is plotted along the height and compared with the experiments to estimate the bed expansion due to fluidization. Comparison of time averaged jet heights with the experiments is also shown. Discrepancies between the experiments and simulations are discussed in the context of the dimensionality of the simulations. The time averaged solid fraction at different heights from the distributor plate match well with the experimental results except near the walls. A slight over prediction of solid fraction values is obtained near the walls from the simulations. The average solid fraction along the height of the bed is in good agreement with the experiments, showing similar trends in bed expansion for both the experiments and simulations. The results obtained from DEM computations serve as validation for the experiments and help us understand the complex jet interaction and solid circulation patterns in a multiple jet fluidized bed system.
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Chen, Shiyi, Zhipeng Xue, Xiang Wang, Changchun Xu, Dong Wang, and Wenguo Xiang. "Reduction Behavior of Iron Oxide for Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Generation in a Compact Fluidized Fuel Reactor." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36204.

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Chemical-looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) integrates chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and the steam-iron process. It is a process for hydrogen production with inherent CO2 separation. CLHG includes three reactors: a fuel reactor, a steam reactor and an air reactor, with iron oxide as oxygen carrier. This paper presents a compact fluidized fuel reactor for CLHG to produce reductive FeO with CO2 sequestration. An iron ore as oxygen carrier was tested, and CO and syngas were used as fuels. The results showed that through this compact fuel reactor, reductive FeO for further hydrogen generation was obtained and a high concentration CO2 was separated at the outlet of the fuel reactor. The influence of riser temperature, bubble fluidized bed temperature and Fe2O3/CO ratio on the bed performance was investigated. It revealed that the bubble fluidized bed temperature and Fe2O3/CO ratio had a significant impact on the fuel conversion while the effect of riser temperature was marginal. The iron ore exhibited good reactivity and no agglomeration was found in the experiment.
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Kotteda, V. M. Krushnarao, Anitha Kommu, and Vinod Kumar. "Characterization of Flow Regimes in Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds via a Data Driven Framework." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20126.

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Abstract Gas-solid fluidized beds are widely used in petroleum, chemical, mineral, pharmaceutical, and power plant applications. The performance of fluidized bed reactors strongly depends on the flow dynamics. Characterization of a particle-laden flow has been one of the challenging issues in fluidization research. The simulation of flow in such processes is challenging as the complex dynamic systems comprised of numerous particles and fluidizing gas confined in specific devices. Nonlinear particle-particle/wall and particle-gas interactions lead to complex flow behavior of the gas-solid flows. We used MFiX to simulate a gas-solid flow in fluidized beds. A data-driven framework is trained with the data from MFiX-PIC simulations. The trained and tested machine learning model is used to characterize the flow regimes in fluidized beds. In the present study, the void fraction is used to characterize the flow regimes. However, others in the literature have used pressure, temperature, heat transfer coefficient, acoustic emission, vibration, and electrostatic charge for the characterization of flow regimes.
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Fedorov, Sergey S., Mykhailo V. Gubynskyi, Igor V. Barsukov, Mykola V. Livitan, Oleksiy G. Gogotsi, and Upendra Singh Rohatgi. "Modeling the Operation Regimes in Ultra-High Temperature Continuous Reactors." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22161.

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The main advantage of carbon material treatment in electro-thermal furnaces with fluidized bed [EFFB] at 2000–3000C is that they allow producing graphite of high chemical purity, which is especially important in manufacture of ion-lithium batteries. The team conducted extensive research into hydraulic and heat modes of such units and developed a methodology for their design based on the concept of increase in electric resistance with fluidization. The choice of the working space configuration and the operation mode of EFFB are largely determined by the specific electrical resistance [SER] of the fluidized bed. This parameter is a complex function of a number of factors: fluidization character, uniformity of the bed and the temperature, nature and size of the material fractions, current density and furnace atmosphere composition. It is vital to take into account relationships between SER, working temperature T and current density i, which eventually define electrothermal mode of the unit operation. Thus, if graphite size is d = 130μm within temperature range T = 0–2500C and current density i = 0,004–1.0 A/cm2, SER varies in reverse proportion to these parameters Statistic processing of the experimental data allowed to obtain regressive function SER = f (i, t), which we used as the basis of mathematic modeling, heat balance calculation and predicting transitory and operation modes of EFFB with 10kg/hour productivity: SER=0.01.84.711-2.,593*10-2.T-46.854*i+1.205*10-2.T*i,Ω-m′ Resulting volt-ampere characteristics (VACs) of the furnace have maximum values at constant temperature (T = const) which is explained by the non-linear character of the SER function. There exists a technological temperature limit of EFFB responsible for its stable operation. The furnace operation beyond the stability margin depends on the power source characteristics which may cause a sharp power drop or a shorting. The VAC characteristics are determined by the type of material, geometry of the furnace working space, electrode diameter, active zone height, the gap between the electrode and the lining, design of heat insulation and the cooling system. Taking these parameters into consideration, it is possible to conduct a preliminary analysis of the unit stable operation modes as early as during the design stage.
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