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Journal articles on the topic 'Flume Tank'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

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1

Yan, Jun, Litao Zhang, Linjuan Xu, Sainan Chen, Guanghong Peng, and Meng Wang. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Flow Structure in Annular Flume Based on CFD Study of Water." Water 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040651.

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The annular flume is an ideal hydrodynamic test device for studying river sediment, and it has been widely used in recent years to study the movement patterns of sediment and other particulate matter. Annular flumes have made outstanding contributions to research in fields related to sediment transport and the diffusion and migration of pollutants. The existence of circumfluence structures in annular flumes leads to complex and variable flow structures. To obtain a more stable and controllable water flow structure, a sophisticated three-dimensional mathematical model based on the Fluent software was established to study the development law of water flow structure in the flume by changing the size of the annular flume speed ratio. The results show the following: (1) The overall trend of the simulation results basically matched with the measured results; the average relative error was 3.54% and the Nash efficiency coefficient was 0.9934, close to 1. The model calculation data were highly credible. (2) The axial flow velocity of the water tank gradually showed a “U”-shape distribution with the increase in the speed ratio. (3) When the speed ratio was R ≤ 0.17 (where the speed ratio R refers to the ratio of annular groove to shear ring speed), there was only one vortex in the tank; when the speed ratio was R > 0.17, there were multiple vortices in the tank, and the flow pattern was more complicated. (4) When the rotational speed ratio R = 0.28, the secondary flow intensity of the annular flume reached the lowest point, which was only 39.28% of the secondary flow intensity of the conventional annular flume. (5) It was determined that the annular flume water flow structure was most stable and controllable when the rotational speed ratio R = 0.24. The results of the study can provide a further theoretical basis for research on sediment dynamics and its related fields conducted by applying an annular flume.

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2

TOMÁS-CALLEJAS, ALEJANDRO, GABRIELA LÓPEZ-VELASCO, ANGELA M. VALADEZ, ADRIAN SBODIO, FRANCISCO ARTÉS-HERNÁNDEZ, MICHELLE D. DANYLUK, and TREVOR V. SUSLOW. "Evaluation of Current Operating Standards for Chlorine Dioxide in Disinfection of Dump Tank and Flume for Fresh Tomatoes†." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-347.

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Standard postharvest unit operations that rely on copious water contact, such as fruit unloading and washing, approach the criteria for a true critical control point in fresh tomato production. Performance data for approved sanitizers that reflect commercial systems are needed to set standards for audit compliance. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for water disinfection as an objective assessment of recent industry-adopted standards for dump tank and flume management in fresh tomato packing operations. On-site assessments were conducted during eight temporally distinct shifts in two Florida packinghouses and one California packinghouse. Microbiological analyses of incoming and washed fruit and dump and flume system water were evaluated. Water temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were monitored. Reduction in populations of mesophilic and coliform bacteria on fruit was not significant, and populations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after washing. Escherichia coli was near the limit of detection in dump tanks but consistently below the detection limit in flumes. Turbidity and conductivity increased with loads of incoming tomatoes. Water temperature varied during daily operations, but pH and ORP mostly remained constant. The industry standard positive temperature differential of 5.5°C between water and fruit pulp was not maintained in tanks during the full daily operation. ORP values were significantly higher in the flume than in the dump tank. A positive correlation was found between ORP and temperature, and negative correlations were found between ORP and turbidity, total mesophilic bacteria, and coliforms. This study provides in-plant data indicating that ClO2 can be an effective sanitizer in flume and spray-wash systems, but current operational limitations restrict its performance in dump tanks. Under current conditions, ClO2 alone is unlikely to allow the fresh tomato industry to meet its microbiological quality goals under typical commercial conditions.

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3

Didier, Eric, Paulo R. F. Teixeira, and Maria Graça Neves. "A 3D Numerical Wave Tank for Coastal Engineering Studies." Defect and Diffusion Forum 372 (March 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.372.1.

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This paper presents the validation of active and passive, made by a dissipation beach, numerical absorbing methods implemented in RANS-VOF FLUENT® code for modelling long time series of wave propagation interacting with coastal structures. Verification of both numerical techniques was performed in 2D – wave flume, and 3D – wave tank, this one using a multiple active absorption wave makers. The active absorption wave maker allows maintaining the incident wave generation and the mean water level along the time. Good results were obtained for 2D and 3D applications for active absorption wave maker at the generation boundary and both numerical beach and active absorption at the end of the flume/tank.

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4

Stewart, P. A. M., and R. S. T. Ferro. "Measurements on gill nets in a flume tank." Fisheries Research 3 (January 1985): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(85)90006-2.

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5

Winger, Paul D., Harold DeLouche, and George Legge. "Designing and Testing New Fishing Gears: The Value of a Flume Tank." Marine Technology Society Journal 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353240.

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Increasing regulations, bycatch restrictions, and concerns over ecosystem impact are now the driving forces for much of the development in fishing gear design occurring world-wide. Industry, government, and universities have responded to these challenges with major advancements in computer aided design, simulation, physical modeling techniques, and world-class testing facilities. Model studies are a critical step in the development of new fishing gears and flume tanks are the de facto standard for investigating their attributes and performance under controlled conditions. This paper discusses the nature of flume tanks, their attributes, as well as the science and art of building and testing scale models of fishing gear.

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6

Waniewski, T. A., C. E. Brennen, and F. Raichlen. "Bow Wave Dynamics." Journal of Ship Research 46, no. 01 (March 1, 2002): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2002.46.1.1.

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Experimental studies of air entrainment by breaking waves are essential for advancing the understanding of these flows and creating valid models. The present study used experimental simulations of a ship bow wave to examine its dynamics and air entrainment processes. The simulated waves were created by a deflecting plate mounted at an angle in a supercritical free-surface flow in a flume. Measurements of the bow wave geometry at two scales and also for a bow wave created by a wedge in a towing tank are presented. Contact line and bow wave profile measurements from the different experiments are compared and demonstrate the similarity of the flume simulations to the towing tank experiments. The bow wave profile data from the towing tank experiments were used to investigate the scaling of the wave with the flow and the dependence on geometric parameters. In addition, surface disturbances observed on the plunging wave are documented herein because of the role they play in air entrainment. The air entrainment itself is explored in Waniewski et al (2001).

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7

ESTEBAN ALCALA, GUSTAVO ADOLFO, ASIER VAZQUEZ CLEMENTE, IÑIGO ALBAINA-LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, URKO IZQUIERDO EREÑO, ALBERTO PEÑA BANDRES, JESUS MARIA BLANCO ILZARBE, and IÑIGO BIDAGUREN DIEGO. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REFLECTION IN A PARABOLIC WAVE DISSIPATION SYSTEM FOR A 2D WAVE FLUME." DYNA 96, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9877.

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In the field of experimental tests in 2D wave tanks, it is of vital importance to know the reflection generated by the structures responsible for dissipating the waves that reach the end of the installation. The field of application of this type of tanks is wide and is generally directly related to technology, structures, and, in general, systems that perform their functions in the sea environment. During the process of validating the behavior of these systems, scale models of the prototypes are usually tested in wave tanks, minimizing the influence of the waves reflected in the physical limits of the tank itself. In this regard, the present work has characterized the phenomenon of dissipation and reflection of the incident wave on a mobile solid structure placed at one end of a 2D wave tank, defining the dependence of the dissipation and reflection phenomenon for each typology. wave (heights and periods) and the geometric arrangement of the solid surface. The experimental work contains a total of 256 individual tests, where the interaction of 8 monochromatic waves with different height, period, wavelength and depth has been characterized. These waves have interacted with 10 beach positions with different inclination angles (between 8 and 26º). For all the cases, the reflection coefficient has been extracted from the envelope curve resulting from the superposition of the incident wave and the reflected wave in the structure. The result of the study provides optimal inclination positions of the parabolic absorption system that minimize the reflection coefficient. The results are expressed as a function of the properties of the incident waves and on the corresponding Iribarren dimensionless number.

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8

Mellibovsky, Fernando, Joana Prat, Emilio Notti, and Antonello Sala. "Otterboard hydrodynamic performance testing in flume tank and wind tunnel facilities." Ocean Engineering 149 (February 2018): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.12.034.

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9

Wulandana, Rachmadian. "Open Water Flume for Fluid Mechanics Lab." Fluids 6, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6070242.

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Open water flume tanks with closed-loop circulation driven by centrifugal pumps are essential for hydro experimentation in academic settings as well as research centers. The device is also attractive due to its versatility and easy-to-maintain characteristics. Nevertheless, commercial open flume systems can be expensive and become less prioritized in engineering schools. This paper describes the design and fabrication of an affordable, medium-size water flume tank, suitable for education purposes. The central piece of the system is a transparent observation chamber where fluid experiments are typically conducted and observed. The expected maximum average water speed in the observation chamber of about 60 cm per second was achieved by the inclusion of a 3 hp centrifugal pump. The size and capacity of the current design were constrained by space limitation and available funds. The educational facility was assigned as a two-semester multi-disciplinary capstone senior design project incorporating students and faculty of mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering programs in our campus. The design process provides a training platform for skills in the area of Computer Aided Designs (CAD), Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), manufacturing, and experimentation. The multi-disciplinary project has contributed to the improvement of soft skills, such as time management, team working, and professional presentation, of the team members. The total material cost of the facility was less than USD 6000, which includes the pump and its variable frequency driver. The project was made possible due to the generous sponsor of the Vibration Institute.

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10

Sasmita, Suparman, Sulaeman Martasuganda, and Ari Purbayanto. "Perancangan Model untuk Pengujian Desain dan Konstruksi Cantrang Pantai Utara Jawa (Model Engineering for Testing The Design and Construction of Cantrang North Coast of Java)." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.4.1.51-57.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Pengamatan alat tangkap umumnya dilakukan pada skala lapang bersamaan dengan operasi penangkapan.<span> </span>Permasalahan yang muncul pada saat pengamatan dapat diatasi, dengan melakukan pengamatan alat berskala laboratorium.<span> </span>Pengujian tersebut membutuhkan model alat tangkap yang dirancang untuk diujikan pada skala laboratorium. Model cantrang dibuat berdasarkan data desain dan konstruksi cantrang nelayan Brondong, Jawa Timur yang berukuran panjang total 53,16 meter. Metode perancangan model dibuat dibuat menggunakan perbandingan 1:30 pada seluruh bagian cantrang. Pengujian dilakukan pada Laboratorium <em>flume tank </em>pada dua kecepatan berbeda. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan pertama bukaan mulut jaring berbentuk bulat dengan tinggi antara 22 hingga 24 cm, dan pada kecepatan 2 berbentuk oval dengan tinggi mulut berukuran 15 hingga 18 cm.</span></p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Kata kunci:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">cantrang, perancangan,<em> flume tank,</em> model</span>

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11

Wang, Junhui, Zaixing Jiang, Yuanfu Zhang, Liming Gao, Xiaojie Wei, Wenzhao Zhang, Yu Liang, and Haiying Zhang. "Flume tank study of surface morphology and stratigraphy of a fan delta." Terra Nova 27, no. 1 (December 29, 2014): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12131.

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12

Wang, Chau-Chang, Po-Chi Chen, and Chen-Yi Liao. "Application of CCD cameras as a versatile measurement tool for flume tank." Ocean Engineering 42 (March 2012): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.01.020.

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13

Chen, Xue Feng, Kang Yang, and Yu Cheng Li. "Numerical Simulation on Wave Force Acting on the Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.37.

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In order to study the wave force acting on the hollow blocks structures locating at the permeable foundation under the regular wave flume, the wave tank is established basing on improved N-S Equations. And the moving boundary’s generating wave and wave absorption of momentum source are adopted in the numerical wave flume. It can also be simulated permeable foundation by porous media module. Then mathematical model can be constructed under the interaction between waves and hollow block when PISO is used to couple velocity and pressure fields. At the same time, the numerically calculated results of the wave force acting on the hollow blocks are compared with the experimental data in agreement. In conclusion, the variation of the wave force with incident wave height and period is obtained through the numerical calculation.

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14

BUCHHOLZ, ANNEMARIE L., GORDON R. DAVIDSON, BRADLEY P. MARKS, EWEN C. D. TODD, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Quantitative Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Equipment during Small-Scale Production of Fresh-Cut Leafy Greens." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 1184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-489.

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Postharvest contamination and subsequent spread of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can occur during shredding, conveying, fluming, and dewatering of fresh-cut leafy greens. This study quantified E. coli O157:H7 transfer from leafy greens to equipment surfaces during simulated small-scale commercial processing. Three to five batches (22.7 kg) of baby spinach, iceberg lettuce, and romaine lettuce were dip inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of avirulent, green fluorescent protein–labeled, ampicillin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 to contain ∼106, 104, and 102 CFU/g, and then were processed after 1 h of draining at ∼23°C or 24 h of storage at 4°C. Lettuce was shredded using an Urschel TransSlicer at two different blade and belt speeds to obtain normal (5 by 5 cm) and more finely shredded (0.5 by 5 cm) lettuce. Thereafter, the lettuce was step conveyed to a flume tank and was washed and then dried using a shaker table and centrifugal dryer. Product (25-g) and water (40-ml) samples were collected at various points during processing. After processing, product contact surfaces (100 cm2) on the shredder (n =14), conveyer (n =8), flume tank (n =11), shaker table (n =9), and centrifugal dryer (n =8) were sampled using one-ply composite tissues. Sample homogenates diluted in phosphate or neutralizing buffer were plated, with or without prior 0.45-μm membrane filtration, on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.6% yeast extract supplemented with 100 ppm of ampicillin to quantify green fluorescent protein–labeled E. coli O157:H7 under UV light. During leafy green processing, ∼90% of the E. coli O157:H7 inoculum transferred to the wash water. After processing, E. coli O157:H7 populations were highest on the conveyor and shredder (P < 0.05), followed by the centrifugal dryer, flume tank, and shaker table, with ∼29% of the remaining product inoculum lost during centrifugal drying. Overall, less (P < 0.05) of the inoculum remained on the product after centrifugally drying iceberg lettuce that was held for 1 h (8.13%) as opposed to 24 h (42.18%) before processing, with shred size not affecting the rate of E. coli O157:H7 transfer.

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15

Nasar, T., S. A. Sannasiraj, and V. Sundar. "Effect of porous baffle on sloshing pressure distribution in a barge mounted container subjected to regular wave excitation." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v17i1.42001.

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An experimental study has been carried out to assess the sloshing pressure expected on the side walls of the tank and on top panel. A liquid fill level with an aspect ratio (hs /l, where hs is the static liquid depth and l is the tank length) of 0.488 is considered which corresponds to 75% liquid fill level. In view of suppressing sloshing oscillation and consequent sloshing pressure, the baffle wall configurations such as porous wall at l/2 and porous walls at l/3 and 2l/3 were adopted. Three porosities of 15%, 20.2%, and 25.2% were considered. The sloshing tank is fitted into the freely floating barge of model scale 1:43. The barge is kept inside the wave flume in the beam sea conditions. The effects of wave excitation frequencies and on the sloshing pressure variation have been studied in detail. For comparison purpose, solid wall placed at l/2 (Nasar and Sannasiraj, 2018) is also considered and, the salient results are herein reported.

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Tan, Juzhong, Jiyoon Yi, Xu Yang, Hyosik Lee, Nitin Nitin, and Mukund Karwe. "Distribution of chlorine sanitizer in a flume tank: Numerical predictions and experimental validation." LWT 155 (February 2022): 112888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112888.

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17

Hu, Chenlin, Yuanfu Zhang, Deyong Feng, Min Wang, Zaixing Jiang, and Chaowei Jiao. "Flume tank simulation on depositional mechanism and controlling factors of beach-bar reservoirs." Journal of Earth Science 28, no. 6 (December 2017): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-016-0929-4.

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18

Hertiansa, R. P., O. A. Prasojo, and T. L. Indra. "Flume tank experiment: An approach in replicating sequence stratigraphy in a laboratory scale." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 538 (July 29, 2020): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/538/1/012049.

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19

Badhan Saha, Mazharul Islam, Abu Torab, and Dewan Hasan Ahmed. "Investigation of Wave Characteristics with Rotor Type Water Wave Generator." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2017.52008.

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Wave energy is the most available energy associated in deep water seas and oceans. Therefore, many attempts have been applied to capture these energies. This paper describes the design, construction and testing of water wave flume. The water wave flume contains an electromechanically driven rotor type wave maker to generate water wave powers. The waves are constructed by different sizes and arrangements of blades which are connected to the rotor. The rotor is driven by an ac motor to generate wave. At the end of the tank a force measuring device is attached opposite to the rotor to measure the thrust of the wave. Experimental results are validated with available literature and wave theory. The results also show that the width of the blade play major role in generating wave sizes including frequency, amplitude and the power. Wider blade displaces much water to generate wave but reduces the blade speed.

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20

Lloyd, Catherine, Tim O'Doherty, and Allan Mason-Jones. "Development of a wave-current numerical model using Stokes 2nd Order Theory." International Marine Energy Journal 2, no. 1 (Nov) (October 2, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.2.1-14.

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The optimisation of a Numerical Wave Tank is proposed to accurately model the sub surface conditions generated by regular waves superimposed on a uniform current velocity. ANSYS CFX 18.0 was used to develop a homogenous multiphase model with volume fractions to define the different phase regions. By applying CFX Expression Language at the inlet of the model, Stokes 2nd Order Theory was used to define the upstream wave and current characteristics. Horizontal and vertical velocity components, as well as surface elevation of the numerical model were compared against theoretical and experimental wave data for 3 different wave characteristics in 2 different water depths. The comparison highlighted the numerical homogeneity between the theoretical and experimental data. Therefore, this study has shown that the modelling procedure used can accurately replicate experimental testing facility flow conditions, providing a potential substitute to experimental flume or tank testing.

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21

DAVIDSON, GORDON R., ANNEMARIE L. BUCHHOLZ, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Efficacy of Commercial Produce Sanitizers against Nontoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 during Processing of Iceberg Lettuce in a Pilot-Scale Leafy Green Processing Line." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-111.

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Chemical sanitizers are routinely used during commercial flume washing of fresh-cut leafy greens to minimize cross-contamination from the water. This study assessed the efficacy of five commercial sanitizer treatments against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on iceberg lettuce, in wash water, and on equipment during simulated commercial production in a pilot-scale processing line. Iceberg lettuce (5.4 kg) was inoculated to contain 106 CFU/g of a four-strain cocktail of nontoxigenic, green fluorescent protein–labeled, ampicillin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and processed after 1 h of draining at ~22°C. Lettuce was shredded using a commercial slicer, step-conveyed to a flume tank, washed for 90 s using six different treatments (water alone, 50 ppm of peroxyacetic acid, 50 ppm of mixed peracid, or 50 ppm of available chlorine either alone or acidified to pH 6.5 with citric acid [CA] or T-128), and then dried using a shaker table and centrifugal dryer. Various product (25-g) and water (50-ml) samples collected during processing along with equipment surface samples (100 cm2) from the flume tank, shaker table, and centrifugal dryer were homogenized in neutralizing buffer and plated on tryptic soy agar. During and after iceberg lettuce processing, none of the sanitizers were significantly more effective (P ≤ 0.05) than water alone at reducing E. coli O157:H7 populations on lettuce, with reductions ranging from 0.75 to 1.4 log CFU/g. Regardless of the sanitizer treatment used, the centrifugal dryer surfaces yielded E. coli O157:H7 populations of 3.49 to 4.98 log CFU/100 cm2. Chlorine, chlorine plus CA, and chlorine plus T-128 were generally more effective (P ≤ 0.05) than the other treatments, with reductions of 3.79, 5.47, and 5.37 log CFU/ml after 90 s of processing, respectively. This indicates that chlorine-based sanitizers will likely prevent wash water containing low organic loads from becoming a vehicle for cross-contamination.

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22

Zhang, Chongwei, Xiaotong Sun, Pengfei Wang, Lifen Chen, and Dezhi Ning. "Hydrodynamics of a floating liquid-tank barge adjacent to fixed structure in beam waves." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 047114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089127.

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Physical experiments are conducted in a wave flume to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of a liquid-tank barge floating near an identical barge. The two barges are arranged side-by-side and subjected to the action of beam waves. The floating barge is equipped with two liquid tanks and encounters the waves before the second barge. Systematic investigations on the effects of liquid tanks, mooring constraints, and arrangement configurations provide rich findings on the physics of fluids. Mathematical solutions are also derived to interpret the underlying mechanism behind the experimental observations. Our primary findings suggest two essential modes, i.e., trend and oscillatory components, in the motion of the floating barge. Of these, the oscillatory component can be strongly coupled with the liquid sloshing in the tanks. A mean-drift load caused by internal sloshing waves occurs as a result of the second-order nonlinearity, which significantly modulates the mean-drift force induced by external water waves and may change the drift direction of the floating barge. The properties of the mooring constraints effectively determine the trend component. Regardless of the liquid filling level in the tanks, the maximum ratio of the sloshing-wave height to the oscillatory amplitude of the barge always occurs at the fundamental natural sloshing period. The contributions of radiation damping and viscous damping to the barge oscillation are explicitly distinguished. The physical insights revealed in this study will help guarantee the operational safety of side-by-side floating structures.

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23

Hufnagel, Felix, Alicia Sit, Frédéric Bouchard, Yingwen Zhang, Duncan England, Khabat Heshami, Benjamin J. Sussman, and Ebrahim Karimi. "Investigation of underwater quantum channels in a 30 meter flume tank using structured photons." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 093074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abb688.

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24

Miramontes, Elda, Joris T. Eggenhuisen, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Giovanni Poneti, Florian Pohl, Alexandre Normandeau, D. Calvin Campbell, and F. Javier Hernández-Molina. "Channel-levee evolution in combined contour current–turbidity current flows from flume-tank experiments." Geology 48, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47111.1.

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Abstract Turbidity currents and contour currents are common sedimentary and oceanographic processes in deep-marine settings that affect continental margins worldwide. Their simultaneous interaction can form asymmetric and unidirectionally migrating channels, which can lead to opposite interpretations of paleocontour current direction: channels migrating against the contour current or in the direction of the contour current. In this study, we performed three-dimensional flume-tank experiments of the synchronous interaction between contour currents and turbidity currents to understand the effect of these combined currents on channel architecture and evolution. Our results show that contour currents with a velocity of 10–19 cm s−1 can substantially deflect the direction of turbidity currents with a maximum velocity of 76–96 cm s−1, and modify the channel-levee system architecture. A lateral and nearly stationary front formed on the levee located upstream of the contour current, reduced overspill and thus restrained the development of a levee on this side of the channel. Sediment was preferentially carried out of the channel at the flank located downstream of the contour current. An increase in contour-current velocity resulted in an increase in channel-levee asymmetry, with the development of a wider levee and more abundant bedforms downstream of the contour current. This asymmetric deposition along the channel suggests that the direction of long-term migration of the channel form should go against the direction of the contour current due to levee growth downstream of the contour current, in agreement with one of the previously proposed conceptual models.

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25

Gaurier, Benoît, Peter Davies, Albert Deuff, and Grégory Germain. "Flume tank characterization of marine current turbine blade behaviour under current and wave loading." Renewable Energy 59 (November 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.026.

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26

Mayall, Russell O., Ross A. McAdam, Richard J. S. Whitehouse, Harvey J. Burd, Byron W. Byrne, Steven G. Heald, Brian B. Sheil, and Phillipa L. Slater. "Flume Tank Testing of Offshore Wind Turbine Dynamics with Foundation Scour and Scour Protection." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 146, no. 5 (September 2020): 04020033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000587.

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27

BUCHHOLZ, ANNEMARIE L., GORDON R. DAVIDSON, BRADLEY P. MARKS, EWEN C. D. TODD, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Equipment Surfaces to Fresh-Cut Leafy Greens during Processing in a Model Pilot-Plant Production Line with Sanitizer-Free Water." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-558.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of fresh-cut leafy greens has become a public health concern as a result of several large outbreaks. The goal of this study was to generate baseline data for E. coli O157:H7 transfer from product-inoculated equipment surfaces to uninoculated lettuce during pilot-scale processing without a sanitizer. Uninoculated cored heads of iceberg and romaine lettuce (22.7 kg) were processed using a commercial shredder, step conveyor, 3.3-m flume tank with sanitizer-free tap water, shaker table, and centrifugal dryer, followed by 22.7 kg of product that had been dip inoculated to contain ~106, 104, or 102 CFU/g of a four-strain avirulent, green fluorescent protein–labeled, ampicillin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 cocktail. After draining the flume tank and refilling the holding tank with tap water, 90.8 kg of uninoculated product was similarly processed and collected in ~5-kg aliquots. After processing, 42 equipment surface samples and 46 iceberg or 36 romaine lettuce samples (25 g each) from the collection baskets were quantitatively examined for E. coli O157:H7 by direct plating or membrane filtration using tryptic soy agar containing 0.6% yeast extract and 100 ppm of ampicillin. Initially, the greatest E. coli O157:H7 transfer was seen from inoculated lettuce to the shredder and conveyor belt, with all equipment surface populations decreasing 90 to 99% after processing 90.8 kg of uncontaminated product. After processing lettuce containing 106 or 104 E. coli O157:H7 CFU/g followed by uninoculated lettuce, E. coli O157:H7 was quantifiable throughout the entire 90.8 kg of product. At an inoculation level of 102 CFU/g, E. coli O157:H7 was consistently detected in the first 21.2 kg of previously uninoculated lettuce at 2 to 3 log CFU/100 g and transferred to 78 kg of product. These baseline E. coli O157:H7 transfer results will help determine the degree of sanitizer efficacy required to better ensure the safety of fresh-cut leafy greens.

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28

Jeong, Seong-Jae, and Seong-Wook Park. "Generation of Freak Waves in a Numerical Wave Tank and Its Validation in Wave Flume." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 46, no. 5 (October 20, 2009): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2009.46.5.488.

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29

Gong, Chenglin, Ronald J. Steel, and Yingmin Wang. "Channel-levee evolution in combined contour current–turbidity current flows from flume-tank experiments: COMMENT." Geology 48, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): e507-e507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47508c.1.

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30

Miramontes, Elda, Joris T. Eggenhuisen, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Giovanni Poneti, Florian Pohl, Alexandre Normandeau, D. Calvin Campbell, and F. Javier Hernández-Molina. "Channel-levee evolution in combined contour current-turbidity current flows from flume tank experiments: REPLY." Geology 48, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): e508-e508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47885y.1.

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31

King, Thomas L., Brian Robinson, Michel Boufadel, and Kenneth Lee. "Flume tank studies to elucidate the fate and behavior of diluted bitumen spilled at sea." Marine Pollution Bulletin 83, no. 1 (June 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.042.

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32

Muto, Tetsuji, and Ron J. Steel. "Autogenic response of fluvial deltas to steady sea-level fall: Implications from flume-tank experiments." Geology 32, no. 5 (2004): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g20269.1.

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33

Druault, Philippe, and Grégory Germain. "Analysis of hydrodynamics of a moving trawl codend and its fluttering motions in flume tank." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 60 (November 2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.06.010.

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34

Xie, Si-jie, Ru-ke Wu, Fu-xiang Hu, and Wei-hua Song. "Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Biplane-Type Otter Board with the Canvas Through Flume-Tank Experiment." China Ocean Engineering 36, no. 6 (December 2022): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-022-0080-1.

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35

Träsch, Martin, Anaïs Chambon, Astrid Déporte, Jean-Baptiste Drevet, Grégory Germain, Didier Lemosse, and Grégory Pinon. "Numerical modelling of an undulating membrane tidal energy converter." International Marine Energy Journal 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.3.119-126.

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The undulating membrane tidal energy converter is a device that uses the flutter instabilities occurring from the interaction between a slender body and a fluid flow. A new numerical model has been developed using a 2D corotational finite element method to represent the structure and the unsteady point-vortex method to compute the flow. These methods as well as the interaction process are presented. Trajectory and frequency of the undulating motion, hydrodynamic forces on the structure and velocity field in the wake are presented. Comparison shows a good agreement with experimental results obtained from a 1/20th scale prototype without power take off tested in flume tank.

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36

Baudic, S. F., A. N. Williams, and A. Kareem. "A Two-Dimensional Numerical Wave Flume—Part 1: Nonlinear Wave Generation, Propagation, and Absorption." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 123, no. 2 (January 25, 2001): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1365117.

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A numerical model is developed to simulate fully nonlinear transient waves in a semi-infinite, two-dimensional wave tank. A mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation is adopted and a high-order boundary element method is used to solve for the fluid motion at each time step. Input wave characteristics are specified at the upstream boundary of the computational domain using an appropriate wave theory. At the downstream boundary, a damping region is used in conjunction with a radiation condition to prevent wave reflections back into the computational domain. The convergence characteristics of the numerical model are studied and the numerical results are validated through a comparison with previous published data.

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37

Nguyen, Vang Y., Shannon M. Bayse, Zhaohai Cheng, Paul D. Winger, Harold DeLouche, Gebremeskel Eshetu Kebede, and George Legge. "Developing a full-scale shaking codend to reduce the capture of small fish." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): e0280751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280751.

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To reduce the retention of undersized fish in the redfish (Sebastes spp.) trawl fishery in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, we developed a full-scale shaking codend. The shaking codend uses a mechanical stimulating device, an elliptical-shaped piece of polyvinyl chloride canvas, attached to the posterior of a T90 codend that generates a lifting force with respect to drag, causing a ‘shaking motion’. A shaking codend could stimulate fish movement and increase contact probability, both of which could increase the escape of small redfish out of a codend, especially when combined with a codend that maintains mesh openings. The movement and fishing characteristics of a shaking codend (T90 codend with canvas) relative to a T90 codend (without canvas) were tested in a flume tank and field experiment. In the flume tank test, the shaking codend had a peak-to-peak amplitude (i.e. the distance the codend moves from the lowest to highest depth) > 24 cm higher than the T90 codend for each velocity tested (1.0–1.8 kt), higher amplitude ratio, and a higher period (1 revolution) that gradually decreased with increasing velocity. The total acceleration (m s-2) and drag forces (kgf) estimated for the shaking codend were significantly higher than the T90 codend across all flow velocities. The results from the field experiment, considered preliminary due to a small sample size, showed that the shaking codend significantly reduced the capture of small redfish (< 21 cm) and the best fit model did not need to consider contact probability which was necessary for the non-shaking T90 codend. Overall, the dynamics of the movement of the codend was described and could be potentially used as an effective technique to reduce the catch of small redfish, and perhaps in other trawl fisheries to reduce the catch of small fish.

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38

Sakunaka, Junichiro, and Taro Ariakawa. "RESEARCH ON STABILITY OF OPENING SECTION AT BAYMOUTH BREAKWATER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.58.

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The baymouth breakwater is to protect the port area from tsunami. It narrows the bay mouth and prevents tsunami from flowing in the port area. A submerged breakwater is built at the central opening section of the baymouth breakwater (Tsunami breakwater) to close the bay mouth as much as possible. Because of narrowness, it is expected strong current is generated at the opening section of the breakwater when tsunami occurs. The purpose of this study is to examine the stability of the opening of the breakwater on the basis of the result of numerical wave tank. Thus, conducting the experiments of the stability of the opening of the breakwater in large flume confirms the validity of results of calculations.

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39

Thierry, Nyatchouba Nsangue Bruno, Hao Tang, Njomoue Pandong Achille, Liuxiong Xu, and Fuxiang Hu. "Unsteady turbulent flow developing inside and around different parts of fluttering trawl net in flume tank." Journal of Fluids and Structures 108 (January 2022): 103451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2021.103451.

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40

Tang, Hao, Liuxiong Xu, and Fuxiang Hu. "Hydrodynamic characteristics of knotted and knotless purse seine netting panels as determined in a flume tank." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): e0192206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192206.

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41

Rolland, S. A., M. Thatcher, R. Ellis, B. Gaurier, T. N. Croft, and M. Cross. "Performance assessment of a vertical axis turbine in a marine current flume tank and CFD modelling." International Journal of Marine Energy 12 (December 2015): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2015.05.003.

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42

Zavadsky, A., D. Liberzon, and L. Shemer. "Statistical Analysis of the Spatial Evolution of the Stationary Wind Wave Field." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0103.1.

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Abstract Detailed investigation of wind-generated water waves in a 5-m-long wind wave flume facility is reported. Careful measurements were carried out at a large number of locations along the test section and at numerous airflow rates. The evolution of the wind wave field was investigated using appropriate dimensionless parameters. When possible, quantitative comparison with the results accumulated in field measurements and in larger laboratory facilities was performed. Particular attention was given to the evolution of wave frequency spectra along the tank, distinguishing between the frequency domain around the spectral peak and the high-frequency tail of the spectrum. Notable similarity between the parameters of the evolving wind wave field in the present facility and in field measurements was observed.

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43

Muto, Tetsuji, and John B. Swenson. "Autogenic attainment of large-scale alluvial grade with steady sea-level fall: An analog tank-flume experiment." Geology 34, no. 3 (2006): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21923.1.

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44

Prayoga, J. J., and O. A. Prasojo. "Replication of wave and tidal sedimentation process on coastal Jakarta revealed by a flume tank experimental approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 538 (July 29, 2020): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/538/1/012037.

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45

BUCHHOLZ, ANNEMARIE L., GORDON R. DAVIDSON, BRADLEY P. MARKS, EWEN C. D. TODD, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Tracking an Escherichia coli O157:H7–Contaminated Batch of Leafy Greens through a Pilot-Scale Fresh-Cut Processing Line." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-058.

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Cross-contamination of fresh-cut leafy greens with residual Escherichia coli O157:H7–contaminated product during commercial processing was likely a contributing factor in several recent multistate outbreaks. Consequently, radicchio was used as a visual marker to track the spread of the contaminated product to iceberg lettuce in a pilot-scale processing line that included a commercial shredder, step conveyor, flume tank, shaker table, and centrifugal dryer. Uninoculated iceberg lettuce (45 kg) was processed, followed by 9.1 kg of radicchio (dip inoculated to contain a four-strain, green fluorescent protein–labeled nontoxigenic E. coli O157:H7 cocktail at 106 CFU/g) and 907 kg (2,000 lb) of uninoculated iceberg lettuce. After collecting the lettuce and radicchio in about 40 bags (~22.7 kg per bag) along with water and equipment surface samples, all visible shreds of radicchio were retrieved from the bags of shredded product, the equipment, and the floor. E. coli O157:H7 populations were quantified in the lettuce, water, and equipment samples by direct plating with or without prior membrane filtration on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.6% yeast extract and 100 ppm of ampicillin. Based on triplicate experiments, the weight of radicchio in the shredded lettuce averaged 614.9 g (93.6%), 6.9 g (1.3%), 5.0 g (0.8%), and 2.8 g (0.5%) for bags 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, and 31 to 40, respectively, with mean E. coli O157:H7 populations of 1.7, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.1 log CFU/g in radicchio-free lettuce. After processing, more radicchio remained on the conveyor (9.8 g; P < 0.05), compared with the shredder (8.3 g), flume tank (3.5 g), and shaker table (0.1 g), with similar E. coli O157:H7 populations (P > 0.05) recovered from all equipment surfaces after processing. These findings clearly demonstrate both the potential for the continuous spread of contaminated lettuce to multiple batches of product during processing and the need for improved equipment designs that minimize the buildup of residual product during processing.

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46

Winger, Paul D., Jenna G. Munden, Truong X. Nguyen, Scott M. Grant, and George Legge. "Comparative fishing to evaluate the viability of an aligned footgear designed to reduce seabed contact in northern shrimp bottom trawl fisheries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 2 (February 2018): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0461.

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We developed and evaluated an innovative trawl technology that reduces seabed contact while targeting northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) off the east coast of Canada. The innovative footgear, referred to as the “aligned footgear”, was evaluated in a flume tank to estimate contact area with the seabed and then tested at sea for engineering performance and catchability. Results demonstrated that the aligned footgear trawl produced a substantial reduction (i.e., 61%) in the predicted contact area with the seabed compared with the identical trawl equipped with traditional rockhopper footgear. A total of 20 paired tows (n = 40 tows) were subsequently conducted at sea to evaluate fishing performance. The aligned footgear trawl caught significantly more northern shrimp (+23%), capelin (Mallotus villosus) (+71%), and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) (+99%) compared with the traditional rockhopper bottom trawl.

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47

Wang, Zhu, and Liu. "Wave-Induced Seafloor Instability in the Yellow River Delta: Flume Experiments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100356.

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Geological disasters of seabed instability are widely distributed in the Yellow River Delta, posing a serious threat to the safety of offshore oil platforms and submarine pipelines. Waves act as one of the main factors causing the frequent occurrence of instabilities in the region. In order to explore the soil failure mode and the law for pore pressure response of the subaqueous Yellow River Delta under wave actions, in-lab flume tank experiments were conducted in this paper. In the experiments, wave loads were applied with a duration of 1 hour each day for 7 consecutive days; pore water pressure data of the soil under wave action were acquired, and penetration strength data of the sediments were determined after wave action. The results showed that the fine-grained seabed presented an arc-shaped oscillation failure form under wave action. In addition, the sliding surface firstly became deeper and then shallower with the wave action. Interestingly, the distribution of pores substantially coincided with that of sliding surfaces. For the first time, gas holes were identified along with their positioning and angle with respect to the sediments. The presence of gas may serve as a primer for submarine slope failures. The wave process can lead to an increase in the excess pore pressure, while the anti-liquefaction capacity of the sediments was improved, causing a decrease in the excess pore pressure resulting from the next wave process. Without new depositional sediments, the existing surface sediments can form high-strength formation under wave actions. The test results may provide a reference for numerical simulations and engineering practice.

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48

de Leeuw, Jan, Joris T. Eggenhuisen, and Matthieu J. B. Cartigny. "Linking submarine channel-levee facies and architecture to flow structure of turbidity currents: insights from flume tank experiments." Sedimentology 65, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12411.

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49

Saincher, Shaswat, and Jyotirmay Banerjeea. "Design of a Numerical Wave Tank and Wave Flume for Low Steepness Waves in Deep and Intermediate Water." Procedia Engineering 116 (2015): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.394.

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50

O'Brien, D. P., D. Tay, and P. R. Zwart. "Laboratory method of analysis of swarming behaviour in macroplankton: combination of a modified flume tank and stereophotographic techniques." Marine Biology 90, no. 4 (March 1986): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00409272.

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