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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluorenes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 February 2023

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1

Maruyama, Kenichi, Daichi Saito, and Koichi Mikami. "(Sila)Difluoromethylation of Fluorenyllithium with CF3H and CF3TMS." SynOpen 02, no. 03 (2018): 0234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610361.

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Difluoromethylation of the C9-H site of the fluorene ring using lithium base and fluoroform (CF3H), which is one of the most cost-effective difluoromethylating reagents, is attained to give difluoromethylated fluorenes with an all-carbon quaternary center. The Ruppert–Prakash reagent (CF3TMS) can also be applied to the present reaction system, providing siladifluoromethylated fluorenes that can be utilized for sequential carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions through activation of the silyl group.

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2

Wei, Ying, Yongxia Yan, Xiaoyan Li, Linghai Xie, and Wei Huang. "Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 20, no. 1 (2022): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob01558c.

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This paper presents an overview of synthetic approaches for fluorene-based cyclic compounds by examining four different connection models of fluorenes, involving 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linked patterns.

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3

Alanazy, Asma, Edmund Leary, Takayuki Kobatake, et al. "Cross-conjugation increases the conductance of meta-connected fluorenones." Nanoscale 11, no. 29 (2019): 13720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01235d.

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4

Kumar, Devarapalli, Dakoju Kishore, and Gedu Satyanarayana. "Palladium-Catalysed Coupling and Acid-Mediated Cyclisation: Synthesis of Fluorenones and Fluorenes." SynOpen 02, no. 04 (2018): 0268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610663.

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Palladium-catalysed sequential one-pot synthesis of fluorenones is described. The reaction comprises intermolecular Suzuki coupling and intramolecular acid-mediated cyclisation in a one-pot procedure. The protocol is also applied to the synthesis of fluorenes using a single column purification.

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5

Reggelin, Michael, Matthias Hempe, Lutz Schnellbächer, and Tobias Wiesner. "meta- and para-Functionalized Thermally Crosslinkable OLED-Materials through Selective Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions." Synthesis 28, no. 19 (2017): 4489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590824.

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Herein, a synthetic approach using selective transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to thermally crosslinkable OLED materials based on vinyl-functionalized arylamines is reported. In a modular approach, 9,9-dialkyl-2,7-diiodo-9H-fluorene underwent a selective Ullmann cross-coupling reaction with bromo-substituted-diphenylamines to give 9,9-dialkyl-2,7-bis(bromo-substituted-diphenylamino)-9H-fluorenes that underwent end-functionalization by the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction using potassium vinyltrifluoroborate to give the corresponding 9,9-dialkyl-2,7-bis(vinyl-substituted-diphenylamino

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6

Fujihara, Tetsuaki, Yutaka Tanji, and Yasushi Tsuji. "Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorenes by Intramolecular C(sp2)–H Activation at Room Temperature." Synlett 31, no. 08 (2020): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690812.

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The synthesis of fluorenes by intramolecular Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–H activation of 2-arylbenzyl chlorides was conducted at room temperature by using commercially available triphenylphosphine and pivalic acid as ligands. The desired reactions proceeded efficiently at room temperature, and various substrates were converted into the corresponding fluorene derivatives in excellent yields.

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7

Verevkin, Sergey P. "Vapor pressure measurements on fluorene and methyl-fluorenes." Fluid Phase Equilibria 225 (November 2004): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2004.08.037.

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8

Hou, Yuqing, and Cal Y. Meyers. "The surprising formation of structurally distorted ap-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-9-methylthiofluorene and its facile homolysis into sp-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-3-methylthiofluorene and sp-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)fluorene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (1999): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-088.

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The continued study of rotationally restricted 9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)fluorenes has provided surprising results. Treatment of sp-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-9-fluorenol (1) with ethanol or methanol under acidic conditions affords sp-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-9-ethoxyfluorene (2b) and sp-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-9-methoxyfluorene (3b), respectively, but similar treatment with methanethiol converts 1 into the rotamerically opposite ap-9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)-9-methylthiofluorene (4a). While all three products reflect reaction with inversion at C-9, 2b and 3b reflect subsequent rotation, which is not the cas

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9

Nagwanshi, Rekha, Dr Jeeven Singh Solanki, Sandhya Bageriab, and Shubha Jain. "PHOTOLYSIS OF FLUORENE AND 9-FLUORENONE A TOXIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT: STUDIES IN THE EFFECT OF SOLVENT AND INTENSITY OF THE SOURCE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 12 (2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i12.2017.591.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of genotoxic environmentalcontaminants and are always exposed to solar radiations. Fluorenes are important PAHswidely distributed in nature and hence the studies in the effect of light on them are of ulmostsignificance. Therefore in this paper, we have studied the photo irradiations of fluorene (1)and 9-fluorenone (2) with UV light in different solvents, which results in the formation ofdifferent products.

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10

Wang, Yu-Hsuan, Joshua F. Bailey, Jeffrey L. Petersen, and Kung K. Wang. "Synthesis of 5-(2-methoxy-1-naphthyl)- and 5-[2-(methoxymethyl)-1-naphthyl]-11H-benzo[b]fluorene as 2,2'-disubstituted 1,1'-binaphthyls via benzannulated enyne–allenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (April 19, 2011): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.58.

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5-(2-Methoxy-1-naphthyl)- and 5-[2-(methoxymethyl)-1-naphthyl]-11H-benzo[b]fluorene were synthesized by treatment of the corresponding benzannulated enediynes with potassium tert-butoxide in refluxing toluene to give benzannulated enyne–allenes for the subsequent Schmittel cascade cyclization reactions. The structures of these two 5-(1-naphthyl)-11H-benzo[b]fluorenes could be regarded as 2,2'-disubstituted 1,1'-binaphthyls with the newly constructed benzofluorenyl group serving as a naphthyl moiety.

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11

KIMURA, Makoto, Takahiro KAWAI, and Yasuhiko SAWAKI. "Utilization of Bis(trimethylsilyl)fluorenes as Protected Fluorenes and Fluorenones. Effective Electrooxidative Conversion into Fluorenone Dimethyl Acetals." Electrochemistry 72, no. 12 (2004): 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.72.855.

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12

Lin, Zhiguan, Gang Wei, Ling Li, et al. "Effect of carbon hybridization in 9H-fluorene unit on the photovoltaic properties of different fluorene-based conjugated polymers." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 6 (2017): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317716526.

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To investigate the effect of different carbon hybridization in 9H-fluorene on the resultant polymers, a series of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers have been synthesized by copolymerizing substituted 9H-fluorenes with triazoloquinoxaline. All polymers exhibit good solution-processability and broad absorption in 350–1000 nm region with narrow optical bandgaps ranging from 1.27 eV to 1.55 eV. The results indicate that fluorene functionalization via different carbon hybridization on 9-position could be an effective strategy to fine-tune the absorption, energy levels, and photovoltaic performance

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13

Nishida, Akiko, Yoshifumi Akagawa, Shinsuke Shirakawa, Shizuo Fujisaki, and Shoji Kajigaeshi. "Rotational isomerism in fluorene derivatives. XX. Conformational equilibria of 9-substituted 9-(o-methylthiomethylphenyl)- and 9-substituted 9-(o-methylsulfinylmethylphenyl)fluorenes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 4 (1991): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-093.

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Several 9-substituted 9-(o-methylthiomethylphenyl)fluorenes and their oxidation products, 9-substituted 9-(o-methylsulfinylmethylphenyl)fluorenes, were prepared. Each equilibrium constant at room temperature or at low temperature was investigated and the conformational equilibria [Formula: see text] of these compounds are discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding 9-substituted 9-(o-methylthiophenyl)fluorenes and 9-substituted 9-(o-methylsulfinylphenyl)fluorenes in which the o-substituents were one CH2 unit shorter than those of the title compounds. Kinetic data for the intern

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14

Chen, Jianhui, Yang Li, Shuangyan Li, et al. "Aldehyde/ketone-catalyzed highly selective synthesis of 9-monoalkylated fluorenes by dehydrative C-alkylation with primary and secondary alcohols." Green Chemistry 19, no. 3 (2017): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02518h.

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15

Novak, Igor, and Branka Kovač. "Why are Fluorene-Containing Materials so Versatile? An Electronic Structure Perspective." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 12 (2008): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08328.

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The HeI/HeII photoelectron spectra of substituted fluorenes (2-aminofluorene, 2,7-dibromofluorene, 2-acetylfluorene, and 9-trimethylsilylfluorene) are reported for the first time. We have observed significant changes in the π-electronic structure of the title molecules on substitution at 2-, 7-, and 9-positions and interpreted them within the theoretical framework of resonance and inductive effects. The substituents attached to fluorene at these positions govern the photophysical behaviour and properties of polymetallaynes that contain the fluorene moiety. The mediated properties include the s

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16

Fischer, Maike, Yijian Shi, Bao-ping Zhao, Victor Snieckus, and Peter Wan. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (1999): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-059.

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The photosolvolysis of 1- and 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenols 4-6 has been studied in aqueous solution. All of these 9-fluorenols photosolvolyze efficiently in 1:1 H2O-CH3OH, to give the corresponding methyl ether products in high chemical and quantum yields. Whereas the photosolvolysis of the parent 9-fluorenol (2, R = H) is known to proceed via the very short-lived and formally ground-state antiaromatic 9-fluorenyl cation (1, R = H), the photosolvolysis of 1-hydroxy-9-fluorenol (4) proceeds via a much longer-lived (approximately = 5-10 s) fluorenyl quinone methide 9, which is trappable by ethyl vinyl

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17

Pan, Fei, Shuang Liu, Chao Shu, et al. "Gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of o-alkynylbiaryls: an easy and practical access to functionalized fluorenes." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 73 (2014): 10726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05115g.

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A novel gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of o-alkynylbiaryls has been developed. A variety of functionalized fluorenes are readily accessed by utilizing this non-diazo approach, thus providing a viable alternative to synthetically useful fluorenes.

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18

Ranger, Maxime, and Mario Leclerc. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 11 (1998): 1571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-104.

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Electroactive and photoactive copolymers derived from fluorenes have been prepared from palladium-catalyzed Suzuki couplings. For instance, poly((4,4prime-biphenylene)-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) and poly((2,5-thienylene)-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) exhibit strong emission in the blue region (406 nm, phifl = 0.72) and in the green region (496 nm, phifl = 0.49), respectively. These fluorene-based pi-conjugated polymers also show reversible electroactivity upon reduction and oxidation. The good electrical transport of both p-type and n-type charge carriers combined with excellent luminescent prope

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19

Dufresne, Stéphane, Laura Callaghan, and W. G. Skene. "Conjugated Fluorenes Prepared From Azomethines Connections-II: The Effect of Alternating Fluorenones and Fluorenes on the Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 113, no. 47 (2009): 15541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp907391y.

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20

Grifoll, M., S. A. Selifonov, and P. J. Chapman. "Transformation of Substituted Fluorenes and Fluorene Analogs by Pseudomonas sp. Strain F274." Applied and environmental microbiology 61, no. 9 (1995): 3490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.9.3490-3493.1995.

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21

Li, Qing-Feng, Min-Jie Li, Hai-Xia Lin, Pei-Pei Xu, Ze-Bin Gu, and Yong-Mei Cui. "Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties of 2-[(9H-fluoren-2-yl)aryl]-1H-benz[d]imidazole and 2,7-bis[(1H-benz[d]imidazol-2-yl)aryl]- 9H-fluorene derivatives." Heterocyclic Communications 22, no. 1 (2016): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2015-0124.

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AbstractA series of 2-[(9H-fluoren-2-yl)aryl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles 11–13 and 2,7-bis[(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aryl]-9H-fluorenes 14–16 containing different linking aromatic units were synthesized in good yields. Their absorption and fluorescence properties were investigated in solution and in the solid state. Most compounds possess good fluorescence-emitting ability with φFL values in the region of 0.31–0.99 in solution and display strong blue emission. Structure–optical behavior characteristics and further details of the electronic properties from cyclic voltammetry measurements and theoret

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22

Goel, Atul, Sumit Chaurasia, Manish Dixit, et al. "Donor−Acceptor 9-Uncapped Fluorenes and Fluorenones as Stable Blue Light Emitters†,‡." Organic Letters 11, no. 6 (2009): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol9000679.

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23

Zhang, Xin, Xuan Ji, Shanshan Jiang, Lili Liu, Brandon L. Weeks, and Zhao Zhang. "Highly efficient synthesis of 9-fluorenones from 9H-fluorenes by air oxidation." Green Chemistry 13, no. 7 (2011): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15136c.

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24

Stentzel, Michael R., and Douglas A. Klumpp. "Functionalized fluorenes via dicationic electrophiles." Tetrahedron Letters 60, no. 25 (2019): 1675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.046.

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25

Kojima, Masahiro, Kounosuke Oisaki, and Motomu Kanai. "Chemoselective aerobic photo-oxidation of 9H-fluorenes for the synthesis of 9-fluorenones." Tetrahedron Letters 55, no. 34 (2014): 4736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.038.

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26

Jiang, Zhiyan, Kohei Sekine, and Yoichiro Kuninobu. "Synthesis of fluorenes and their related compounds from biaryls and Meldrum's acid derivatives." Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (2022): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06212c.

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27

Lustosa, Danilo M., Patrick Cieslik, Deborah Hartmann, et al. "Direct access to benzo[b]fluorenes via a gold-catalysed A3-coupling strategy." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 10 (2019): 1655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00260j.

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28

Zhang, Guangwei, Ying Wei, Jishu Wang, et al. "A robust molecular unit nanogrid servicing as network nodes via molecular installing technology." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1, no. 3 (2017): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qm00004e.

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29

Cao, Jun, Jing Sun, and Chao-Guo Yan. "Construction of indeno[1,2-a]fluorene via domino reaction of 1,3-indanedione and 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones or chalcones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 40 (2019): 9008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob01779h.

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30

Fu, Wai Chung, and Fuk Yee Kwong. "A denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for regioselective synthesis of fluorenes." Chemical Science 11, no. 5 (2020): 1411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc04062e.

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31

Wu, Ya-Nan, Ting Xu, Rong Fu, et al. "Dual rhodium/copper catalysis: synthesis of benzo[b]fluorenes and 2-naphthalenylmethanones via de-diazotized cycloadditions." Chemical Communications 52, no. 80 (2016): 11943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06320a.

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32

Zhang, Jingyi, Siqi Li, Yan Qiao, Cheng Peng, Xiao-Na Wang, and Junbiao Chang. "Metal-free cycloisomerizations of o-alkynylbiaryls." Chemical Communications 54, no. 88 (2018): 12455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05484c.

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33

Mandal, Mou, and Rengarajan Balamurugan. "Triflic acid-Mediated Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[a ]fluorenes and Fluorescent Benzo[a ]fluorenones." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 360, no. 7 (2018): 1453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201701516.

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34

Zhang, Xin, Xuan Ji, Shanshan Jiang, Lili Liu, Brandon L. Weeks, and Zhao Zhang. "ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 9-Fluorenones from 9H-Fluorenes by Air Oxidation." ChemInform 42, no. 43 (2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201143090.

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35

Lo, Yuan-Chih, Hao-Chun Ting, Ya-Ze Li, et al. "The synthesis, structure, and properties of 5,6,11,12-tetraarylindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes and their applications as donors for organic photovoltaic devices." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 5 (2017): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00673f.

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36

KohPark, Kwang-Hee, Hye-Mi Jung, Tae-Woo Lee, and Sung-Kwon Kang. "Synthesis and Structure of Benzotriazolyl Fluorenes." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 31, no. 4 (2010): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.04.984.

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37

Poriel, C., D. Thirion, J. Rault-Berthelot, F. Barrière, and O. Jeannin. "(2,1-a)-Indenofluorene with Clapping Fluorenes." Synfacts 2011, no. 02 (2011): 0153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259247.

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38

Kumar, Sushil, Durai Karthik, K. R. Justin Thomas, and Maninder Singh Hundal. "Synthesis and characterization of polybrominated fluorenes and their conversion to polyphenylated fluorenes and cyclopenta[def]triphenylene." Tetrahedron Letters 55, no. 11 (2014): 1931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.002.

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39

Manojveer, Seetharaman, and Rengarajan Balamurugan. "A facile access to substituted benzo[a]fluorenes from o-alkynylbenzaldehydes via in situ formed acetals." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 69 (2014): 9925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03934c.

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40

Zhang, He, Tongxiang Cao, Hejiang Luo, Lianfen Chen, and Shifa Zhu. "Enynone-enabled migratory insertion and Schmittel cyclization cascade for the synthesis of furan-fused fluorenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 8 (2019): 1118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00045c.

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41

Kazlauskas, Karolis, Gediminas Kreiza, Edvinas Radiunas, et al. "Concentration effects on spontaneous and amplified emission in benzo[c]fluorenes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 19 (2015): 12935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01325a.

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Deep-blue-emitting benzo[c]fluorenes with suppressed concentration quenching of emission enabled to attain the lowest amplified emission threshold in the neat amorphous films under ambient conditions.

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42

Hu, Chen, Gang Hong, Pradip D. Nahide, et al. "C(sp3)–H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles and benzofuranones with a Mg(NO3)2–HP(O)Ph2 oxidation system." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 17 (2019): 3167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00778d.

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A novel oxidation system in which magnesium nitrate is used as an oxidant in the presence of diphenylphosphine oxide permits the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H hydroxylation of fluorenes, oxindoles, and benzofuranones.

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43

Kojima, Masahiro, Kounosuke Oisaki, and Motomu Kanai. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Aerobic Photo-Oxidation of 9H-Fluorenes for the Synthesis of 9-Fluorenones." ChemInform 46, no. 3 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201503104.

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44

Zhang, Xin, Xuan Ji, Ruifei Su, Brandon L. Weeks, Zhao Zhang, and Songlu Deng. "Aerobic Oxidation of 9H-Fluorenes to 9-Fluorenones using Mono-/Multilayer Graphene-Supported Alkaline Catalyst." ChemPlusChem 78, no. 7 (2013): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201300123.

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45

Perumattam, John, Charley Shao, and William L. Confer. "Studies on the Alkylation and Chlorination of Fluorenes: Preparation of 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)fluorene and 2,7-Dichloro-9-(2-hydroxyethyl)fluorene." Synthesis 1994, no. 11 (1994): 1181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-25668.

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46

Skabara, P. J., I. M. Serebryakov, and I. F. Perepichka. "Synthesis and electropolymerisation of thiophene functionalised fluorenes." Synthetic Metals 102, no. 1-3 (1999): 1336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(98)01251-x.

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47

Minabe, Masahiro, Yutaka Takabayashi, Yuji Setta, Hidenao Nakamura, Takao Kimura, and Motohiro Tsubota. "Characterization of 9-(p-Substituted Benzylidenehydrazono)fluorenes." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 69, no. 12 (1996): 3633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.3633.

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48

Montero-Campillo, M. Merced, Inés Corral, Otilia Mó, Manuel Yáñez, Ibon Alkorta, and José Elguero. "Beryllium-based fluorenes as efficient anion sponges." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 34 (2017): 23052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03664g.

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The F<sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, CN<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> anion affinities of 4,5-bis(BeX)-fluorene (X = H, F, Cl, CN, NC, and OCH<sub>3</sub>) derivatives have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory.

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49

Oliveira, Juliana A. S. A., Tânia S. M. Oliveira, Alexandra Gaspar, Fernanda Borges, Maria D. M. C. Ribeiro da Silva, and Manuel J. S. Monte. "Study on the volatility of halogenated fluorenes." Chemosphere 157 (August 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.014.

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50

Kumar, Sushil, Durai Karthik, K. R. Justin Thomas, and Maninder Singh Hundal. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Polybrominated Fluorenes and Their Conversion to Polyphenylated Fluorenes and Cyclopenta[def]triphenylene." ChemInform 45, no. 33 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201433110.

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