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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluorescein forms

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluorescein forms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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Surzhikova, D. P., M. A. Gerasimova, and E. A. Slyusareva. "Protolytic equilibrium of excited states of fluorescein." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 11 (2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/11/108.

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The protolytic equilibrium of the excited states of fluorescein depends not only on the equilibrium in the ground state, but also on the efficiency of photoexcitation, relaxation and proton transfer in the excited state. Due to the competing rate of radiative and nonradiative processes occurring in a mixture of protolytic forms, there is still a problem of identifying the fluorescent characteristics of individual forms of fluorescein. In this work, the stationary distribution of the concentrations of the ground and excited states of the cation, a number of tautomers of the neutral form, monoan

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Burilov, Vladimir, Aigul Fatykhova, Diana Mironova, et al. "Oxyethylated Fluoresceine—(thia)calix[4]arene Conjugates: Synthesis and Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Water–Organic Media." Molecules 28, no. 1 (2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010261.

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Fluorescent derivatives attract the attention of researchers for their use as sensors, photocatalysts and for the creation of functional materials. In order to create amphiphilic fluorescent derivatives of calixarenes, a fluorescein derivative containing oligoethylene glycol and propargyl groups was obtained. The resulting fluorescein derivative was introduced into three different (thia)calix[4]arene azide derivatives. For all synthesized compounds, the luminescence quantum yields have been established in different solvents. Using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, as well as t

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Shimomura, O., and A. Shimomura. "Halistaurin, phialidin and modified forms of aequorin as Ca2+ indicator in biological systems." Biochemical Journal 228, no. 3 (1985): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2280745.

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Two kinds of aequorin-type photoproteins, i.e., halistaurin and phialidin, and four kinds of modified forms of aequorin, i.e., products of acetylation, ethoxycarbonylation, fluorescamine-modification and fluorescein labelling, were prepared. The modified forms of aequorin were more sensitive to Ca2+ than was aequorin in their Ca2+-triggered luminescence reactions, whereas halistaurin and phialidin were less sensitive. The emission maxima of luminescence were all within a wavelength range 450-464 nm, except for fluorescein-labelled aequorin, which emitted yellowish light (lambda max. 520 nm). A

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Diehl, Harvey. "Studies on fluorescein—VI☆Absorbance of the various prototropic forms of yellow fluorescein in aqueous solution." Talanta 36, no. 3 (1989): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(89)80212-7.

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Hsu, Ting-Chang, Kathleen P. Pratt, and Arthur R. Thompson. "The factor VIII C1 domain contributes to platelet binding." Blood 111, no. 1 (2008): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-01-068957.

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Activated factor VIII (FVIIIa) forms a procoagulant complex with factor IXa on negatively charged membranes, including activated platelet surfaces. Membrane attachment involves the FVIII C2 domain; involvement of the adjacent C1 domain has not been established. Binding of recombinant FVIII C1C2 and C2 proteins to platelets was detected by flow cytometry using (1) anti-C2 monoclonal antibody ESH8 followed by a phycoerythrin-labeled secondary antibody; (2) biotinylated C1C2 detected by phycoerythrin-labeled streptavidin, and (3) C1C2 and C2 site-specifically labeled with fluorescein. Highest bin

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Shikanai-Yasuda, M. A., R. T. Taguchi, M. K. Sato, et al. "In vitro action of some disinfectants on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 33, no. 1 (1991): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651991000100008.

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The fungicidal action of sodium hypochlorite (0.3, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%); formaldehyde (2, 5, and 10%); and ethyl alcohol (70%) on yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb 18 and a newly-isolated Goiana strain was described. Contact between the fungus and the disinfectants was maintained for 1, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours at room temperature. Viability was evaluated by the fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide treatment, culture in solid and liquid media (36ºC and 26ºC); yeast to mycelial germination at room temperature; and radiometric study of metabolic activity. All concentrations of disinf

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Klonis, Nectarios, and William H. Sawyer. "Spectral properties of the prototropic forms of fluorescein in aqueous solution." Journal of Fluorescence 6, no. 3 (1996): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00732054.

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Folaron, Margaret, Rendall Strawbridge, Kimberley S. Samkoe, Caroline Filan, David W. Roberts, and Scott C. Davis. "Elucidating the kinetics of sodium fluorescein for fluorescence-guided surgery of glioma." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 3 (2019): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.4.jns172644.

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OBJECTIVEThe use of the optical contrast agent sodium fluorescein (NaFl) to guide resection of gliomas has been under investigation for decades. Although this imaging strategy assumes the agent remains confined to the vasculature except in regions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, clinical studies have reported significant NaFl signal in normal brain tissue, limiting tumor-to-normal contrast. A possible explanation arises from earlier studies, which reported that NaFl exists in both pure and protein-bound forms in the blood, the former being small enough to cross the BBB. This study aim

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Gauthier-Manuel, Bernard, Chafia Benmouhoub, and Bruno Wacogne. "Fluorescence Spectra of Prototropic Forms of Fluorescein and Some Derivatives and Their Potential Use for Calibration-Free pH Sensing." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051705.

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Fluorescence pH sensing has proven to be efficient but with the drawback that molecules photobleach, requiring frequent calibrations. Double-emission peak molecules allow ratiometric measurements and theoretically avoid calibration. However, they are often expensive and fragile and usually have very low quantum yields. Single emission peaks such as fluorescein and derivatives are inexpensive and have very high quantum yields. Because they are single emission peaks, the pH is assumed to be derived from the ratio of emitted intensities at measured pH and at high pH values, i.e., they require fre

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McKenna, N., J. B. Meigs, and Y. L. Wang. "Identical distribution of fluorescently labeled brain and muscle actins in living cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 1 (1985): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.1.292.

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We have investigated whether living muscle and nonmuscle cells can discriminate between microinjected muscle and nonmuscle actins. Muscle actin purified from rabbit back and leg muscles and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and nonmuscle actin purified from lamb brain and labeled with lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride, were co-injected into chick embryonic cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. When fluorescence images of the two actins were compared using filter sets selective for either fluorescein isothiocyanate or lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride, essentially identical patte

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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McLean, Alison Jane. "Ligand regulation of #beta#â†1- and #beta#â†2- adrenergic receptors and their GFP-tagged forms." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323436.

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Kao, Wen-Pin. "Protein engineering and characterization of a stable trimeric form of CD23 and a fluorescent IgE biosensor." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/protein-engineering-and-characterization-of-a-stable-trimeric-form-of-cd23-and-a-fluorescent-ige-biosensor(4b861bc3-fa5b-4590-9665-9507bcfcdbf5).html.

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Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a critical role in allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Cross-linking of IgE bound to its high affinity receptor, FceRI, by allergen on mast cells and basophils results in the release of inflammatory mediators and induces allergic reactions. IgE can also form a complex with its low affinity receptor, CD23, and CD21 on the B cell surface to regulate IgE synthesis. Hence, there are two possible strategies in the therapy of IgE-mediated disease: blocking IgE binding to FceRI and inhibiting IgE production. Crystal log raphic and FRET studies with a f

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Sitkowska, Kaja. "Photoresponsive antiobiotics and cytotoxic agents." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3454.

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The research described in this thesis focuses on the design and development of photoactivable drugs and fluorescent probes based on BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene) fluorophores. After a brief introduction on the use of light in biology and various types of moieties applied for inducing photosensitivity, a simple protocol for obtaining BODIPY-based photoprotecting groups for amines is provided. These compounds, designed to react upon irradiation with light of different wavelengths, released the protected amines in a fast and clean fashion. Next, a methodology employing BODIPY derivatives in mult

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Chen, Guan-Heng, and 陳冠亨. "The chemical composition of Pinus morrisonicola Hayata, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata and their endophyte-fermented liquor and the identification of voltage-operated calcium channel blockers form the needle of Pinus morrisonicola Hayata through the calcium fluorescent signal in rat vascular smooth muscle cell." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41294849572276229489.

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博士<br>國立中興大學<br>生物科技學研究所<br>105<br>Pine plant belongs to the genus Pinus. It is an evergreen ligneous plant with many pharmacological effects. In Taiwan, P. morrisonicola Hayata and P. taiwanensis Hayata are endemic species and widely distributed around mountain area. Both of their needles and branches served as functional food for local people for decades and the traditional way to prepared them are directly extract with hot water or fermented with sugar through long period process to produce alcoholic drinks or vinegar. This thesis consists of two parts: I. Identification and comparison

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Books on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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The fluorescent light glistens off your head. Andrews McMeel, 2005.

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Carlson, Roy L. Figurines and Figural Art of the Northwest Coast. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.017.

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Similarities between the earliest Northwest Coast art and ethnographic art are traced regionally from 2000 bc into the late nineteenth century. The earliest known figural art is in the Fraser River–Gulf Islands region and consists of human and animal images with ribs and backbones, joint marks, and protruding tongues, and masks. These motifs are present on ritual spoons used for feeding the dead, probably as part of an early form of the memorial potlatch, and are related to beliefs in human–animal transformation, regeneration from bone, spirit power, and shamanism. These same motifs are found

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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Vorobjev, Ivan A., Sultan Bekbayev, Adil Temirgaliyev, Madina Tlegenova, and Natasha S. Barteneva. "Imaging Flow Cytometry of Multi-Nuclearity." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_5.

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AbstractMulti-nuclearity is a common feature for cells in different cancers. Also, analysis of multi-nuclearity in cultured cells is widely used for evaluating the toxicity of different drugs. Multi-nuclear cells in cancer and under drug treatments form from aberrations in cell division and/or cytokinesis. These cells are a hallmark of cancer progression, and the abundance of multi-nucleated cells often correlates with poor prognosis.The use of standard bright field or fluorescent microscopy to analyze multi-nuclearity at the quantitative level is laborious and can suffer from user bias. Autom

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Heim, Roger. "[34] Green fluorescent protein forms for energy transfer." In Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(99)02036-4.

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Zhang, Ying, Dachuan Liu, Jiawei Sun, Xiangyu Liu, and Xin Xu. "Experiment on Three-Dimensional Characteristics for Internal Solitary Waves Past an Island." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230939.

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The South China Sea (SCS) is a region where internal solitary waves (ISWs) are very active. The ISWs will propagate westward after they form in the northern SCS. During the propagation process of the ISWs past the DongSha Island, their shapes and amplitudes will change accordingly. This paper mainly investigates the three-dimensional evolution characteristics of the ISWs past an Island by use of the experimental method. In this experiment, an ISW propagates in a two-layer fluid with the pure water in the upper and the salt water of constant density in the lower. The waveform changes of the ISW

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Hawes, Chris, Petra Boevink, and Ian Moore. "Green fluorescent protein in plants." In Protein localization by fluorescence microscopy. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637416.003.0007.

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Abstract The introduction of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its wavelength-shifted derivatives as reporter proteins for both gene expression and protein location has provided cell biologists with a powerful new tool with which to study cell structure and function in vivo. The protein has a number of intrinsic properties that make it attractive as a marker for cell biological studies. For instance, it is highly fluorescent and requires no co-factors or substrates other than oxygen to form the fluorochrome. It is relatively stable and pH insensitive, has a low level of cytotox

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Zhao, Xiaoning, Xin Jiang, Chiao-Chian Huang, Steven R. Kain, and Xianqiang Li. "[36] Generation of a destabilized form of enhanced green fluorescent protein." In Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(99)02038-8.

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B.Levitan, Irwin, and Leonard K. Kaczmarek. "Adhesion Molecules and Axon Pathfinding." In The Neuron. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195145236.003.0017.

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Abstract We know that the electrical activity of neurons can be transformed and modulated in ways that allow a neuron to control specific behaviors. Electrical behavior, however, is not the only aspect of neuronal activity that is subject to regulation by other cells or external stimuli. Structural features, such as the number, size, and type of synapses that a neuron makes, can also be modified. Furthermore, the entire shape of a mature neuron’s dendritic branches may alter over time. This is illustrated in Figure 17-1, which shows tracings of the dendrites of a neuron of the superior cervica

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Safari, Meysam. "Recent Advances in Quantum Dots-Based Biosensors." In Quantum Dots - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Contemporary Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108205.

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Biosensors can be developed using quantum dots (QDs). An inorganic nucleus with organic molecules attached to its surface is referred to as a QD, and they are a type of new fluorescent nanomaterial. QDs possess unique excellent optical properties and chemical properties, including broad excitation spectra, adjustable particle sizes, confined emission spectra, emission of multiple fluorescence colors, superior signal brightness, and extended fluorescence lifetime. QDs have abundant functional groups, which make it easy to form hybrid nanomaterials that perform analytically well. With functional

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Zhao, Xiaoning, Tommy Duong, Chiao-Chian Huang, Steven R. Kain, and Xianoiang Li. "[4] Comparison of enhanced green fluorescent protein and its destabilized form as transcription reporters." In Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(99)02006-6.

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Pierce, Jessica, and Andrew Jameton. "Environmental Aspects of Health Care." In The Ethics of Environmentally Responsible Health Care. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139037.003.0004.

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Abstract A collection of fine early nineteenth-century prints by the German artist Karl Bodemer hangs along the brightly lit hallways of the Nebraska Health System’s eight-story north campus hospital. These images of Native Americans, elk, and Nebraska’s prairies not far in space or time from where the hospital now stands are an evocative contrast to the white coats, industrial glass and tile, and sharp fluorescent lights of the surrounding hospital. The people and animals depicted in the prints are mostly gone now, and the transformation of the Great Plains invites us to ask how long the seem

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Smith, Patricia R., Keith M. Wilson, Ian E. G. Morrison, Richard J. Cherry,, and Nelson Fernandez. "Imaging of individual cell surface MHC antigens using fluorescent particles." In MHC. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199635559.003.0007.

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Abstract Class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are cell surface, transmembrane glycoproteins that have similar overall structure but have readily distinguishable subunit structures (1). The two classes of MHC molecules present peptides, produced from different intracellular compartments, at the cell surface where they are recognized by two major subsets of T cells, CD4 and CDS, respectively. Integral membrane glycoproteins are able to diffuse to varying degrees within the plane of the membrane and so can potentially form protein clusters (2). This clustering of

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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Johnson, Richard E., and Vinod S. Agarwala. "The Use of Fluorescent Compounds and Complexes of Metals as Early Warning Detectors for Corrosion." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94332.

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Abstract Several compounds have been identified which change their fluorescent behavior upon oxidation or reduction. These compounds have been investigated to determine the effects of temperature, pH, reduction conditions and re-oxidation behavior on their fluorescence. They have been incorporated into primer paint coatings for aluminum alloys and were found to fluoresce if the coating was scratched and exposed to air and moisture. Another compound was found to fluoresce with aluminum ions and its fluorescence behavior with varying conditions was also investigated. This compound, if added to a

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Lazzari-Dean, Julia R., Alfred Millett-Sikking, Austin E. Y. T. Lefebvre, Maria Ingaramo, and Andrew G. York. "Revealing Protein Binding in Live Cells via Rotational Diffusion of Fluorescent Protein Triplets." In Novel Techniques in Microscopy. Optica Publishing Group, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/ntm.2025.nw1c.3.

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Protein-protein interactions underlie most proteins’ functions, but they are difficult to measure. We developed a new form of optical contrast based on triggerable fluorescence from triplet states, revealing interactions in situ with a single tag.

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Chen, Ting, Fang Liang, Wen-Ju Chen, and Yu-Jun Mo. "SERRS and surface fluorescence of laser dyes adsorbed on Ag film." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tho5.

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Surface enhancement of resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) from a series of laser dyes (sodium fluorescein, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 110, rhodamine B, DCM, and coumarins) adsorbed on chemically deposited silver film is presented. The observed Ag–O, Ag–N spectral lines at ~200 cm−1 confirm the chemisorbed nature of most dye molecules on the Ag surface. An assignment of the SERRS spectra of sodium fluorescein at various pH values verifies the structural and configurational changes of their cationic, neutral, and anionic forms and implies their different interaction behavior with the Ag surface. So

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Yan Ming Li. "Fluorescent lamp discharge models-critical issues." In International Conference on Plasma Science (papers in summary form only received). IEEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1995.531690.

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Barton, D. L., and P. Tangyunyong. "Scanning Fluorescent Microthermal Imaging." In ISTFA 1997. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0041.

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Abstract We have developed scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging (SFMI), a new failure analysis technique. The fluorescent microthennal imaging (FMI) technique has been used for over a decade in its original form [1-2]. FMI normally relies on the use of a cooled, slow-scan CCD camera and a flood beam fluorescence pump source, usually an ultraviolet arc lamp. Interest in FMI has grown greatly over the past few years [3-9] due largely to its unique combination of high spatial and thermal resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the existing infrastructure found on a scanning laser micr

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Ananyeva, I. N., Z. M. Aleschenkova, P. V. Rybaltovskaya, and M. A. Chindareva. "Effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) treatments on the introduction capacity of endophytic bacteria." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-103.

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The goal of the work was to obtain antibiotic-resistant forms of endophytic Glycine max L. (Merill) bacteria and to study their introduction potential affected by different seed treatment methods. Rifampicin-resistant variants of endophytic soybean bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter 27c and Pseudomonas fluorescens 11E preserving valuable properties were derived. Soybean seed treatment with Bradyrhizobium japonicum BIM V-501D and endophytic nitrogen-fixing Rh. radiobacter 27c, phosphate-mobilizing Ps. fluorescens 11E bacteria under model conditions promoted accumulation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A., Dana Al-Dana, Haya Alduroobi, et al. "Enhancing the Remediation Capacity of Mercury Ions from Fluorescent Lamp Using Roasted Date Pits and Its Modified Forms." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eepp2658.

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Koloskova, E. M., V. A. Ezerskii, and T. P. Trubitsina. "Effect of microinjection of CRISPR / Cas9 components in plasmid form on the development of rabbit embryos during in vitro culture." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-131.

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The survival rate of rabbit embryos microinjected by the plasmid form of CRISPR/Cas9 components specific to the sour whey protein gene was evaluated. At high concentrations of plasmid components, embryo survival decreased slightly, possibly because the WAP gene does not belong to the housekeeping genes. After microinjection of a genetic construct with a sequence of green fluorescent protein under a cytomegalovirus promoter, the embryo survival significantly decreased. This is most likely due to the superexpression of GFP at the 2-16 cell stage of development.

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Smith, Warren E., Thu-Huong Bui, Arne Lindquist, and Stephen D. Jacobs. "Non-Destructive Estimation of Subsurface Glass Damage Using Fluorescent Confocal Microscopy." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.wb12.

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The processes of cutting, grinding and polishing optical materials cause fractures that extend some depth below the surface. The unrelieved strain and deep cracks present below the surface can seriously affect the performance of an optical system, especially in applications requiring precision optics. Subsurface damage (SSD) can lower image contrast, cause figure instability, and contribute to catastrophic fracture in high-power lasers [1]. Different optical materials present different forms of physical damage. Techniques used to increase productivity, such as high feed rates and high lap pres

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Gansel, Lars C., Siri Rackebrandt, Frode Oppedal, and Thomas A. McClimans. "Flow Fields Inside Stocked Fish Cages and the Near Environment." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50205.

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This study explores the average flow field inside and around stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fish cages. Laboratory tests and field measurements were conducted to study the effects of biofouling and especially fish behaviour on the flow patterns around and through fish cages. Currents were measured around an empty and a stocked fish cage in a fjord to verify the results obtained from laboratory tests without fish and to study the effects of fish swimming in the cage. Fluorescein, a non-toxic, fluorescent dye, was released inside a stocked fish cage for visualization of 3-dimensional f

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Reports on the topic "Fluorescein forms"

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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.

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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel sid

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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.

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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial iden

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