Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy'
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Brewster, Victoria Louise. "Investigating protein modifications using vibrational spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-protein-modifications-using-vibrational-spectroscopy-and-fluorescence-spectroscopy(32ff24c8-326a-41cf-a076-11e067376525).html.
Full textLarsson, Mina. "Application of Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Single Chromatographic Beads." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5741.
Full textYazdi, Youseph. "Application of fluorescence and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to the diagnosis of neoplastic changes in cytological specimens /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textO'Grady, Noelle Antoinette. "Raman spectroscopy of fluorescent samples." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246542.
Full textDeNagel, Diane C. "Raman and micro-fluorescence spectroscopic studies of eye lenses and their constituents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27354.
Full textCapadona, Lynn A. "Photoactivated Fluorescence from Small Silver Nanoclusters and Their Relation to Raman Spectroscopy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5117.
Full textMork, Anna Jolene. "Exploring excitations and vibrations in semiconductor nanocrystals through fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104976.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-145).
Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs) have been used in solid state light emission applications ranging from fluorescent downconverters to LEDs and lasers, as well as energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaics and thermoelectrics. In order to realize these myriad applications, the fundamental physics of both electronic and vibrational energy transfer must be understood to engineer better device performance. This thesis begins with a general introduction to the physics and chemistry of QDs as well as an introduction to lattice vibrations, including a proposed model for understanding thermal conductivity in solid state QD-based devices. It continues with a discussion of the methods used to understand the photoluminescence and vibrational characteristics of QDs, including spectrally-resolved time-correlated single photon counting measurements to understand QD photoluminescence lifetime as a function of emission wavelength, and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy to measure acoustic phonons in nanocrystal solids. These two chapters serve as an introduction to the ideas and methods used throughout the thesis. In Chapter 3, Förster theory is used in conduction with spectrally- and temporally-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to understand the rates of excitonic energy transfer in CdSe/CdZnS core/shell QDs through a calculation of the effective dipole-dipole coupling distance known as the Förster radius. This work demonstrated energy transfer rates between donor and acceptor QDs between 10-100 times faster than the predictions based on standard applications of Förster theory, corresponding to an effective Förster radius of 8-9 nm in close packed QD films. Several possible effects, including an enhanced absorption cross section, ordered dipole orientations, or dipole-multipole coupling, can explain the observed difference between our measurements and the Förster theory predictions, demonstrating that several standard assumptions commonly used for calculating QD resonant energy transfer rates must be carefully considered when the QDs are in a thin-film geometry. Chapters 4-5 involve the use of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy to probe acoustic phonons in QDs. These low-frequency acoustic vibrations affect the electronic, optical, and thermal properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, and the ability to rationally tune these modes would offer a powerful strategy for controlling phonon-assisted processes. Chapter 4 demonstrates that surface chemistry can be used to manipulate the low-frequency acoustic vibrations of CdSe QDs, and shows in particular that surface-bound ligands modify the resonant vibrational frequencies of the core. This effect is more pronounced for smaller nanocrystals, where the surface ligands constitute a larger fraction of the overall mass. A continuum mechanics model that explicitly includes the ligand shell quantitatively reproduces most of our experimental results. This model can be extended to understand the effect of inorganic shells as well, and we demonstrate that by growing a CdS epitaxial shell we can achieve reduction in acoustic phonon frequencies by more than 70% compared to the CdSe core alone. In Chapter 5, these low frequency phonons are further measured as a function of temperature. Low-temperature measurements allow the unambiguous assignment of overtone modes in large CdSe/CdS nanocrystals to a higher order (n = 2) vibrational mode rather than a multiphonon mode. Additionally, the acoustic phonon frequency is shown to vary with temperature though the linewidth remains constant for a variety of sizes of QDs. This variation of frequency without a corresponding broadening suggests that the pure volume contribution to the temperature-dependent phonon energies dominates over phononphonon interactions through anharmonic coupling.
by Anna Jolene Mork.
Ph. D.
Everall, Neil John. "Design and performance analysis of a picosecond-pulsed laser Raman spectrometer for fluorescence rejection in Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6869/.
Full textOakeson, Thomas Andrew. "A NOVEL SETUP FOR HIGH-PRESSURE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY UNDER A MICROSCOPE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2388.
Full textM.S.
Department of Physics
Sciences
Physics MS
Galli, Roberta, Grit Preusse, Christian Schnabel, Thomas Bartels, Kerstin Cramer, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns, Edmund Koch, and Gerald Steiner. "Sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234459.
Full textBalmuth, Sara. "Raman analysis of a Maya wall painting." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29038.
Full textSun, Yu. "SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR SHORT WAVE INFRARED (SWIR) RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/446864.
Full textM.S.
Raman spectroscopy is an effective optical analysis of the biochemically specific characterization of tissues without contrast agents or exogenous dyes. Applications of Raman spectroscopy include analysis and biomarker investigation, disease diagnosis and surgical guidance. One major challenge in Raman spectroscopy is removing inherent fluorescence background present in samples to acquire Raman signatures. In some tissues, like liver, kidney and darkly pigment skin, the auto-fluorescence background is strong enough to overwhelm the Raman peaks in conventional Near-Infrared (NIR) Raman systems. Recent publications have shown that using Raman systems with excitation sources with wavelengths beyond 830 nm and short-wave infrared (SWIR) InGaAs Array detectors resulted in dramatically reduced auto-fluorescence. The unique characteristics of Raman signals collected from SWIR systems versus NIR Raman systems requires inspection of the suitability of spectral pre-processing techniques. This thesis focused on the development of spectral processing techniques at three different steps; 1) detector background & noise reduction; 2) Auto-fluorescence background subtraction; 3) detection of outlier measurements to assist statistical classification. Detector background and noise reduction was compared between two different techniques, and a direct subtraction method resulted in better performance to reduce fixed pattern noise unique to InGaAs arrays. For the aim 2, three different algorithms for fluorescence background removal were developed, and a modified polynomial fitting method was found to be most appropriate for the low signal-to-noise (SNR) spectra. Finally, local outlier factor(LOF), a multivariate statistical outlier metric, was implemented in a two-stage fashion, and shown to be effective at identifying raw measurement errors and Raman spectra outliers. The overall outcome of this thesis was the evaluation of spectral processing techniques for SWIR Raman spectroscopy systems, and the development of specific techniques to optimize data quality and best prepare spectra for statistical analysis.
Temple University--Theses
Manuel, Ramos Pablo. "Raman and x-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Data Fusin for Identification of Pigments in Works of Art." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9014.
Full textSeveral reasons for the spectroscopic investigation of antiquities and art objects can be pointed out. One of them is the interest in the materials and techniques in use during a certain period or region. This knowledge may be utilized for roughly dating the art object (retrieving pigments with a known date of invention may indicate that the artifact dates from a more recent period). Another reason is that this analysis is a useful source of information during a restoration or conservation treatment, and signs of a previous restoration, retouching or even forgeries can be found.
At the beginning of this century investigation in cultural heritage became an important research field that posed great scientific interest, requiring unprecedented interdisciplinary knowledge of a wide spectrum of areas such as history, archaeology, physics, chemistry, engineering, chemometrics and many other disciplines. On the other hand, improvements in the instrumental techniques used have been the goal of many important studies. Even more, in this decade the investigation has been focalized on the development of a new generation of instruments which allows the combination of complementary analytical techniques along with the advantage of portable instrumentation. Both improvements permit a robust and non-destructive chemical analysis of works of art which are difficult or impossible to study in a laboratory (highly valuable masterpieces, large paintings, and wall paintings).
Chemometrics methods are the necessary complement to these instrumental improvements. In order to maximize the robustness of these instruments, automatic and robust data processing tools are needed to obtain the maximum possible information from a work of art.
This doctoral thesis presents a framework to perform data-fusion systems for classification analysis of pigments investigated in the field of cultural heritage. These systems were developed and evaluated within a European Community research project, the main objective of which was to develop a portable micro Raman and micro X-ray fluorescence instrument (PRAXIS).
The general aim of this doctoral thesis is to study different strategies for the implementation of Raman-XRF data-fusion systems, in order to improve classification analysis of pigments investigated in the field of cultural heritage. This study takes into account the nature of the different interferences usually encountered in these types of signals and its elimination by developing dedicated algorithms. Moreover, this study evaluates automation in classification analysis by developing inference systems.
In order to reach that global aim these particular objectives are defined:
1) To study the nature of stochastic events and signal interferences present in Raman and XRF spectroscopy in order to enable the implementation of chemometrics techniques for classification. This is done in more detail for Raman data, due to the fact that this technique is mainly used in this field for "fingerprint" analysis. The methodology used is Wavelet transform and the improvements achieved in this area are presented in a paper entitled Noise and background removal in Raman spectra of ancient pigments using wavelet transform.
2) To establish the capabilities of a fuzzy logic system for automatic pigment identification. This issue is presented in a paper entitled Fuzzy logic for identifying pigments studied by Raman spectroscopy.
3) To review the current state-of-art of data-fusion in analytical chemistry and to establish actual data-fusion methodologies onto a Raman-XRF sensor fusion system. The performance of each data-fusion architecture is discussed in a paper entitled Micro Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy data fusion for the classification of ochre pigments.
4) To improve data-fusion methodologies by dual-domain analysis achieved by Wavelet transform. The achievements are presented in two papers Data fusion and dual-domain classification analysis of pigments studied in works of art and Data fusion in the wavelet domain by means of fuzzy aggregation connectives.
5) To define the necessary parameters and propose a methodology to implement data-fusion strategies in Raman and XRF spectroscopy.
Structure
The thesis has been structured in different chapters, each one containing the following information:
Chapter 1 is a theoretical chapter; the first part gives an overview of the basic concepts and latest advances in the fields of micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro-X ray fluorescence spectrometry. The characteristics of a new instrument which combines both techniques are presented along with the improvements achieved in that area. In the second part, the background of chemometrics techniques used in this work is presented.
Chapter 2 introduces the framework for the study of ancient pigments. It describes the nature of samples analyzed and gives an overview of the different techniques used in the creation of works of art throughout the years. Finally, the instruments used in this doctoral thesis for preliminary and final validation analysis are described.
Chapter 3 deals with the data pre-treatment needed before applying chemometric techniques, both for classification and data-fusion. In that respect, the first part focuses on the principles of Wavelet transform as a tool to eliminate signal interferences. This chapter includes a paper in which the development of an innovative method to eliminate noise and background signals from Raman spectra simultaneously is presented. It has been successfully applied for Raman spectra of ancient pigments.
Chapter 4 presents a preliminary study of automatic analysis of pigments by means of soft computing solutions such as Fuzzy logic. A published paper is presented in which Fuzzy logic is used to perform an automatic system for pigment identification. This study is extended to a fusion model and X-ray fluorescence analysis data is incorporated in the developed identification system. The ability of fuzzy logic to process imprecise information is described in the last part of this chapter.
Chapter 5 deals with three data-fusion architectures and their analysis by means of hard computing solutions as Principal components analysis (PCA) and Partial least squares - discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The models are implemented for the classification of a set of ancient pigments from Byzantine iconography. Benefits and drawbacks of each method are pointed out.
Chapter 6 incorporates a new innovative strategy for data-fusion. The fusion of data in the wavelet domain is discussed and two approaches are presented for Raman and X-ray fluorescence data-fusion: Mid-level and High level dual domain data-fusion. Both are used and successfully applied for the automatic identification of pigments in classification problems with different levels of difficulty. Two papers are included in which both methods are used for the classification of ancient pigments, which face difficult identification problems. These two methods combine the benefits described in the previous chapters of this thesis with the consequent improvement of classification results. The developed systems are suitable to perform a rapid and automatic classification of ancient pigments.
Chapter 7 presents a review of the state of the art regarding data-fusion. The different steps necessary to achieve a proper data fusion are discussed.
Finally, Chapter 8 presents the conclusions of the thesis and suggests some possible issues for future research.
Fusión de datos en espectroscopias Raman y de fluorescencia de rayos X para la identificación de pigmentos en trabajos de arte
Desde mediados de los años 80s, las espectroscopias Raman y de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) se pueden considerar técnicas instrumentales de fácil aplicación en el análisis químico. Uno de los ámbitos de gran aplicación de dichas técnicas se centra en el estudio científico de una obra de arte y de los materiales utilizados en su creación.
Existen varias razones para la investigación de antigüedades y objetos de arte por medio de técnicas espectroscópicas. Una de ellas es el estudio de los materiales y técnicas aplicados durante un cierto período o en una determinada región. Este conocimiento puede ser muy útil para ubicar aproximadamente un objeto de arte en una determinada época o periodo. Otra razón es que este análisis es una importante fuente de información para la restauración o el tratamiento de conservación, y permite encontrar señales de una restauración anterior, de repintado o de falsificaciones.
Desde el comienzo de este siglo, la investigación en el patrimonio cultural se sitúa como un campo de la investigación importante con un gran interés científico. Esta investigación, requiere un importante trabajo multidisciplinario que implica a especialistas en áreas como historia, arqueología, física, química, ingeniería, quimiometría y otras disciplinas. Por otro lado, el objetivo de muchos trabajos científicos y estudios importantes, ha sido el desarrollo y las mejoras en estas técnicas instrumentales de análisis. Más aun, en esta década la investigación está enfocada en el desarrollo de una nueva generación de instrumentos que permiten la combinación de técnicas analíticas complementarias junto con la ventaja de una instrumentación portátil. Ambas mejoras permiten un análisis químico robusto y no destructivo de los objetos de arte, en especial de aquellos en los que resulta difícil o casi imposible de estudiar en un laboratorio. Como por ejemplo obras de arte de gran valor y pertenecientes al patrimonio cultural del país, pinturas de grandes dimensiones y pinturas realizadas en murales.
Los métodos Quimiométricos de análisis son el complemento necesario a estas mejoras instrumentales. Con objeto de aumentar al máximo la robustez de estos instrumentos, es necesario proveerlos de herramientas de procesamiento automáticas y robustas para obtener el máximo de información del objeto bajo estudio.
Esta tesis doctoral, presenta un marco de referencia para realizar fusión de datos para la clasificación e identificación de pigmentos estudiados en el campo de patrimonio cultural. Estos sistemas se desarrollan y evalúan dentro de un proyecto de investigación de la comunidad europea. El objetivo principal de este proyecto ha sido desarrollar un instrumento portátil para realizar espectroscopias Raman y de fluorescencia de rayos-X (PRAXIS).
El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar diferentes estrategias para el desarrollo de sistemas de fusión de datos Raman y XRF para mejorar la clasificación de pigmentos. Este estudio contempla la naturaleza de las distintas interferencias que habitualmente se encuentran en estos tipos de mediciones (espectros) y su eliminación por medio del desarrollo de metodologías adecuadas. También, se evalúa la posibilidad de automatización en el proceso de clasificación.
Para alcanzar este objetivo global, se definen los siguientes objetivos particulares:
1) Estudiar la naturaleza de eventos estocásticos (ruido) e interferencias habitualmente presentes en espectroscopia Raman y XRF, con el fin de facilitar la aplicación de técnicas quimiométricas de clasificación. Este estudio se realiza más profundamente para los espectros obtenidos por espectroscopia Raman, ya que es la técnica principalmente utilizada en este campo para una identificación del tipo "huella digital." La metodología usada es la transformada Wavelet y las mejoras logradas se presentan en un artículo titulado "Ruido y eliminación de señales de fondo en espectros Raman de pigmentos antiguos por medio de la transformada Wavelet".
2) Establecer un sistema de lógica difusa para la identificación automática de pigmentos. Este estudio se presenta en un articulo titulado "Lógica difusa para identificar pigmentos estudiados por espectroscopia Raman".
3) Estudiar la situación actual de aplicaciones y desarrollos de fusión de datos en química analítica y establecer las metodologías de fusión de datos reales en un instrumento Raman-XRF. Los resultados obtenidos en distintos modelos de fusión de datos se discute en un articulo titulado "Fusión de espectros Raman y de fluorescencia de rayos X para la clasificación de pigmentos ocres".
4) Mejorar las metodologías de fusión de datos por medio del análisis en el dominio dual dado por la transformada Wavelet. Los logros obtenidos se presentan en dos artículos "Fusión de espectros y análisis de clasificación en el dominio dual de pigmentos estudiados en obras de arte" y "Fusión de datos en el dominio Wavelet por medio de conectores de agregado difuso".
5) definir los parámetros necesarios y proponer a una metodología llevar a cabo las estrategias de fusión de espectros en espectroscopias Raman y XRF.
Estructura
La tesis ha sido la estructura en capítulos diferentes, donde cada uno contiene la siguiente información:
El capítulo 1 es un capítulo teórico; donde en una primera parte se da una apreciación global de los conceptos básicos y de los últimos adelantos en espectroscopias Raman y de fluorescencia de rayos X. Las características de un nuevo instrumento que combina ambas técnicas se presentan junto con las mejoras logradas en él. En una segunda parte, se describen las técnicas quimiométricas usadas en este trabajo.
El capítulo 2 describe la naturaleza de las muestras estudiadas y de su uso en la creación de obra de arte. Finalmente, se describen instrumentos Raman y XRF usados en esta tesis doctoral.
El capítulo 3 presenta el tratamiento necesario en los datos antes de aplicar las técnicas quimiométricas, ya sea para la clasificación y/o fusión de datos. En ese sentido, se presenta un estudio de la aplicación de la transformada Wavelet como una herramienta para eliminar las interferencias señaladas. Este capítulo incluye un artículo en el que nosotros presentamos el desarrollo de un método innovador para eliminar simultáneamente las señales de ruido y fondo es espectros Raman.
El capítulo 4 presenta un estudio preliminar del análisis automático de pigmentos por medio de la lógica difusa. Se presenta artículo donde la lógica difusa es utilizada para realizar un sistema automático de identificación de pigmentos. Este estudio se extiende a un modelo de fusión y por el cuál la información obtenida por XRF es incorporada en el sistema de identificación desarrollado.
El capítulo 5 presenta tres arquitecturas de fusión de datos y el posterior análisis por medio de técnicas quimiométricas como el análisis de componentes Principal (PCA) y la regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales para análisis discriminante (PLS-DA). Los modelos se llevan a cabo con el estudio de pigmentos antiguos referidos a la iconografía bizantina. Esta parte acaba señalando los beneficios y desventajas de cada método.
El capítulo 6 presenta una nueva estrategia para la fusión de datos, que es la fusión de datos en el dominio del wavelet. Se discuten los fundamentos y se presentan dos modelos de fusión de datos Raman y XRF en el dominio wavelet: El nivel medio y el nivel alto, ambos se aplican a la identificación automática de pigmentos. Dos artículos son incluidos, donde se describen ambos métodos y se presenta su aplicación para la clasificación de pigmentos antiguos.
El Capítulo 7 presenta un estudio sobre el estado actual en la investigación de fusión de datos y su aplicación en química analítica. Las etapas necesarias para desarrollar métodos apropiados de fusión de análisis.
Finalmente, en el capítulo 8 presenta las conclusiones de la tesis y propone posibles trabajos de investigación futura.
Zhou, Yan. "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of SERS-active Metal Nanoparticles." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458644099.
Full textTsikritsis, Dimitrios. "Vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33049.
Full textWang, Jiann-Hua. "Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopic and fluorescence lifetime studies of polymers and polymer additives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621931.
Full textJulien, Carine. "Fluorescence et Diffusion Raman exaltée de surface (SERS) de molécules individuelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011564.
Full textPar microscopie grand champ de fluorescence, l'émission de molécules uniques de pérylène orange insérées dans un film solgel mince, par enregistrement de films d'une large zone de l'échantillon sur laquelle plus d'une centaine d'émetteurs individuels sont détectés, fournit des informations sur cette espèce et la matrice sondée. Pour exploiter les films, un outil logiciel a été développé. Les processus de photoblanchiment, la mobilité moléculaire, la nucléation des molécules excitées sont mis en évidence et discutés. On note une grande richesse des dynamiques temporelles d'émission, mais aussi des spectres qui reflètent notamment la reconformation proposée du pérylène orange excité. Il s'ensuit l'existence de nombreux nanoenvironnements différents dans la matrice poreuse.
Par microscopie confocale à balayage, le signal de diffusion Raman exaltée de surface de molécules uniques organique adsorbées sur des agrégats d'argent de morphologie complexe est exploité. Certains objets présentent une exaltation géante, estimée être de plus de 14 ordres de grandeur, ce qui permet l'enregistrement de spectres résolus en seulement une seconde. L'analyse chimique offerte permet de distinguer différentes espèces, et la présence nécessaire sur ces points chauds d'Ag+ est démontrée. Une caractérisation corrélée par microscopie électronique des agrégats actifs repérés met aussi en avant l'existence d'une morphologie privilégiée, avec de nombreuses protubérances de dimension nanométrique et interstices.
Dantas, Willian Francisco Cordeiro 1989. "Análise de Franck-Condon para pireno suportado em filmes poliméricos e estudo comparativo entre as espectroscopias Raman nos domínios da frequência e do tempo." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249162.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dantas_WillianFranciscoCordeiro_M.pdf: 2446830 bytes, checksum: a6ef77a86d65956736e20e7c5e22ff59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: A espectroscopia vibracional de femtossegundos da vizinhança é ideal para caracterizar os movimentos moleculares da vizinhança acoplados com o sistema eletrônico captador de luz. No caso dos movimentos nucleares intramoleculares, isto pode ser realizado tanto por infravermelho quanto por Raman, ambos de femtossegundos. No caso de movimentos intermoleculares, a dinâmica de femtossegundos somente pode ser caracterizada com experimento Raman coerente, e, por essa razão, é importante sabermos qual é o comportamento do clorofórmio em um experimento de femtossegundo. Dessa forma, pode-se realizar a comparação entre os dados experimentais e teóricos e concluir se o comportamento observado experimentalmente é o mesmo que o esperado. Este trabalho explora a análise de Franck-Condon para os espectros de emissão do pireno com dependência da temperatura. Assume-se que uma progressão vibrônica de bandas no formato de Lorenzianas pode representar o formato das bandas de emissão do fluoróforo. Consequentemente, é possível obter alguns parâmetros, como a largura de linha das bandas obtidas, as intensidades relativas dos picos observados (valores que são utilizados para encontrar os fatores de Huang-Rhys), a variação do comprimento de onda de emissão com o aumento da temperatura e a área integrada dos espectros
Abstract: The femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy of the neighborhood is ideal to characterize the molecular movements of the neighborhood coupled with the electronics pickup light. In the case of intra-molecular nuclear movements, this can be accomplished either by infrared and Raman both femtosecond. In the case of intermolecular movements, the dynamics of femtosecond can only be characterized with coherent Raman experiment, and so it is important to know the behavior of chloroform in a femtosecond experiment. Thus, it is possible to make a comparison between experimental and theoretical data and conclude that the observed experimentally is the same behavior expected. This work explores the Franck-Condon analysis for the emission spectra of pyrene in dependence on temperature. It is assumed that a vibronic bands in the progression Lorenzianas shape may represent the format of fluorophore emission bands. Consequently, it is possible to obtain some parameters such as the line width of the bands obtained, the relative intensities of the observed peaks (values that are used to find the Huang-Rhys factors), the variation of emission wavelength with increasing temperature and the integrated area of the spectra
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Aubin, Marlène. "Révéler la chimie des préparations antiques, à usage cosmétique ou médical, impliquant des sels de métaux lourds." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066479/document.
Full textIn the Antiquity, oculists (eye care specialised physicians) mixed mineral, vegetal and animal substances to prepare elaborate solid medicines termed collyria. In an interdisciplinary work, we investigated the chemical composition, the inorganic phases structure and the manufacturing process of such collyria. The implemented analytical techniques were Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stability of metallic salts based replicas prepared according to ancient texts recipes was studied in order to identify the pristine phases. Four collections of archaeological collyria (Musée Gallo-Romain de Lyon, Musée d’Archéologie Nationale, Cabinet des Médailles de la BnF, Musée Atestino d’Este) were studied on site, using portable devices. A methodology combining XRF and XRD results was developed to quantify the inorganic phases distribution. For the first time, a straight relationship was established between compositions obtained by physico-chemical analysis and ancient recipes
Charonov, Serguei. "Imagerie spectrale en microspectroscopie de diffusion raman et d'emission de fluorescence (doctorat : ingenierie biologique)." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMP207.
Full textGobinet, Cyril Manfait Michel. "Application de techniques de séparation de sources à la spectroscopie Raman et à la spectroscopie de fluorescence." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2006. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000302.pdf.
Full textGobinet, Cyril. "Application de techniques de séparation de sources à la spectroscopie Raman et à la spectroscopie de fluorescence." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000302.pdf.
Full textOptical spectroscopies give molecular informations of a sample. The separation of these informations is required in order to identify pure present chemical species and analyze their spatial distribution. The modelization of spectroscopic data and the analysis of their properties lead to choose source separation techniques well suited for each spectroscopy. Positivity and smooth shape of fluorescence spectra suggest the use of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to separate spectra. Its efficacy is illustrated on wheat and barley grains. Their major phenolic acids are identified by NMF. Ferulic acid is the major component of the aleuron layer. This layer is an indicator of the quality of a flour. This acid can be used as an indicator of the bran contamination of a flour. Then, a method to numerically dewax samples is proposed. It is based on the association of Raman spectroscopy with Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Chemical independence of pure species and sparsity and decorrelation of their Raman spectra are sufficient to assume their mutual independence. The application of ICA leads to the estimation of spectra of paraffin, fluorine and the underlying tissue. This dewaxing process is applied on paraffinised skin tissues. Paraffin must be modeled by three independent sources and spectra of melanoma and nevi epidermis can be isolated by this numerical dewaxing process. The discrimination between these two pathologies is possible thanks to molecular descriptors that has been found
Dhital, Bharat. "Single-molecule interfacial electron transfer dynamics in solar energy conversion." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1477997482545831.
Full textGrichine, Alexeï. "Imagerie spectrale confocale : développement et applications à l'étude des mécanismes d'action photodynamique de nouveaux sensibilisateurs." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2003.
Full textFahmi, Driss. "Contribution à la structure de quelques matrices cristallines phosphatées par spectroscopie optique de l'ion Eu**(3+)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066183.
Full textSjöqvist, Jonas. "Light interactions in flexible conjugated dyes." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109011.
Full textZhou, Xuan. "Advances in hybrid plasmonics : from passive to active functions." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0015/document.
Full textHybrid plasmonics has given rise to increasing interest in the context of the interaction between metal nano-objects and other materials. By benefiting from each of its constituents, hybrid nanostructures are commonly adopted in studies and optimization of biological and chemical sensors, nanoparticle with high plasmon resonance tunability, and nano-emitters. This PhD thesis presents a hybrid nanostructure of photopolymer/metal nanoparticle that is used as a near-field characterizing tool and as an anisotropic nano-emitter.The fabrication of this hybrid nanostructure is a near-field imprinting process based on nanoscale photopolymerization. This technique, compared with traditional near-field characterization methods, provides not only the image of the field distribution, but also enables quantification of the surface plasmon properties with sub-5nm resolution and reproduction of the exponential decay of the near-field.Under dipolar mode plasmon, the photopolymer was created anisotropically in the vicinity of the metal nanoparticle. With high concentration of dye molecules trapped in the polymer, the hybrid nano-emitter displays surface enhanced fluorescence and Raman signal that is dependent on the incident polarization. To our knowledge, this is the first achievement of the anisotropic nano-emitter based on the inhomogeneous distribution of the active molecule
Jacquot, Mickael. "Mesure par radiomètres ICOTOM et validation des flux radiométriques dans un plasma de CO2 pur simulant des conditions d'entrée de type EXOMARS." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR121.
Full textWhen an object is entering the atmosphere of Mars at hypersonic speeds, a detached shock layer is forming in front of the said object accompanied by a high-enthalpy non-equilibrium plasma with high radiative intensity. Several studies have already been conducted about the necessary protective layer for the object to withstand such physico-chemical conditions, however the chemical phenomena concerning CO2 recombination around the back of the object are not too well known ; the radiative quantities coming from this recombination are often given with large error margins because of this. It is particularly the case in the infrared, that is why the French Space Agency developed two radiometers designed for mesuring radiative heat fluxes emitted by CO and CO2 during a martian flight. It seems relevant to calibrate these sensors for quantitative measurements of radiative heat fluxes in flight conditions and to study the recombination of a pure CO2 plasma in laboratory conditions. The radiometers have been calibrated in front of a blackbody source ; concerning the state of the laboratory plasma created by an inductive plasma torch, a study of the laser-induced spontaneous Raman scattering on CO and of two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence on O have been conducted, enabling evaluation of both temperatures and densities of the probed species, and so give an estimate on the plasma recombination state
Le, Person Jenny. "Verres de sulfures : spectroscopie des ions de terres-rares, fibres microstructurées et nouvelles compositions." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009279.
Full textGuilment, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude des processus photographiques dans les halogénures d'argent par spectrométrie Raman et de fluorescence : influence de produits stabilisateurs et antivoiles, relation avec l'effet Raman exalté de surface (SERS)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066287.
Full textHugall, James T. "On the nature of SERS from plasmonic nanostructures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267496.
Full textBreuzard, Gilles Millot Jean-Marc. "Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la motoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence." S.n. : S.l, 2006. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
Full textJaffiol, Rodolphe. "Spectroscopie optique de nano-objets individuels." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112223.
Full textSingle nanoobjects were studied by hyperspectral optical imaging, which associates a scanning confocal microscope with an optical spectroscopy unit. We choose to perform fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. At room temperature, such spectroscopic approach has proven to be well adapted to study two different nanoobjects, as single molecules and carbon nanotubes. Our Raman imaging set-up is an efficient tool to localize different chemical species in a sample. Thus, we recorded the first Raman spectra of new carbon species, single wall carbon nanotubes which encapsulated several perylene molecules or dimetallofullernes (peapods). For peapods, we demonstrate from Raman spectre a charge transfer process between the nanotubes and the metallofullerenes, and in many cases their polymerization inside the tubes. Metallic nanostructured surfaces are usually required in this kind of experiments. In fact, we observed an enhancement of the Raman scattering with these surfaces, high enough to record the Raman scattering from a single nanoobject in few seconds. Also, they improve the spatial selection of the confocal microscope, that permit the selection of single nanoobjects. In this way, we studied single molecules and single carbone nanotubes. Then, I bring out some characteristics of the enhancement process. In particular, this enhancement is only efficient at the vicinity of the nanostructure. The surface morphology of the nanostructure must also exhibit some protrusions, or interstices
Chourpa, Igor. "Etudes des interactions moleculaires et intracellulaires d'agents anticancereux, inhibiteurs des topo-isomerases, par spectroscopies et microspectroscopies optiques (raman, sers, fluorescence)." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP208.
Full textBaker, Lawrence R. "Spectroscopic Study of Compressible Mobile Phase and Stationary Phase Behavior in Chromatography." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2581.pdf.
Full textMorjani, Hamid. "Caracterisation des interactions medicaments-cibles et etude de la resistance dans les cellules tumorales vivantes : apport des microspectroscopies raman sers et de fluorescence." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMP202.
Full textBreuzard, Gilles. "Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la mitoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
Full textThe nature of drug/membrane interaction remains in the multi-drug resistance an elusive parameter, though important to define the intracellular uptake of xenobiotic. The aims of this work were to develop different spectroscopic methods in order to analyse the insertion mode of mitoxantrone (MTX) in a resistant BCRP/MXR cell model. On the one hand, SERS spectroscopy (Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering) implicating an extracellular silver colloid to enhance Raman scattering of molecules at the surface of the plasma membrane was used. On the other hand, energy transfer from a membrane fluorescent probe to MTX allowed to determine insertion parameters of MTX in the two leaflets of the membrane. Raman scattering of MTX was observed after focusing the laser on a colloid nanoparticle in contact with the membrane of MTX-treated cells. These results were interpreted as a partial insertion of MTX on the plasma membrane. Moreover, a three-fold SERS intensity increase of MTX was observed for resistant cells, which was explained by a higher xenobiotic accessibility to the colloid. The comparison of insertion time-course investigated by fluorescence energy transfer revealed a similar quantity of membrane-inserted MTX molecules between two cell lines. In conclusion, SERS spectroscopy and fluorescence energy transfer allowed to analyse selectively anticancer molecules at the level of the plasma membrane. Changes of the membrane structure could be at the origin of incorporation differences of MTX
Mohamed, Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunze. "In-situ and ex-situ studies of barnacle proteinaceous cements settled at earlier time points using μ-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron based X-ray microprobe fluorescence techniques / Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik Mohamed ; Betreuer: Michael Grunze." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179925882/34.
Full textMohamed, Tawheed H. A. [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunze. "In-situ and ex-situ studies of barnacle proteinaceous cements settled at earlier time points using μ-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron based X-ray microprobe fluorescence techniques / Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik Mohamed ; Betreuer: Michael Grunze." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-172073.
Full textMokhtari, Ahmed-El-Amine. "Spectroscopie non linéaire résolue en temps à l'échelle femtoseconde dans des molécules de colorant." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112199.
Full textLamara, Tarek. "Etude des plasmas micro-ondes pulsés CH4-H2 en vue de l'optimisation de la croissance de films de diamant : Application à la réalisation de dispositifs à ondes acoustiques de surface." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10187.
Full textThis work consists of studying H2-CH4 MPACVD process, operating at high power in continuous and pulsed mode. Plasma characterisation is carried out, thanks to diagnostic techniques such as: OES, Double pulses technique and LIF. The aim of this study is to understand the basic phenomena which control the kinetics of the reactive species responsible of diamond growth. Diamond films are characterised by: SEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. Correlations between the plasma parameters and the films properties, their chemical quality and the growth rate, are established. The elaborated freestanding diamond films, were useful for development of surface acoustic devices (SAW) devices with multi-layer structure ZnO/IDT/Diamond. The propagation velocity of surface acoustic waves at ZnO/Diamond interface is estimated from the frequency response of the device. It is around 9700 m. S-1 which is among the highest velocities in this type of structures
Quick, Martin. "Ultrafast photophysical processes in electronically excited flavin and beta-carotene." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17523.
Full textThe combination of broadband spectroscopic methods allows a comprehensive view of the electronic system of molecules in the excited state. On riboflavin in acidic environment the proton-transfer is observed with transient absorption and -flurescence in the S1-state. With transient absorption and femtosecond-stimulated Raman-spectroscopy the population transfer into the electronic ground-state is followed and characterized.
Schoemaecker, Coralie. "Diagnostics laser dans une flamme de diffusion : imagerie quantitative de nanoparticules de suies et d'espèces majoritaires et minoritaires." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-33.pdf.
Full textSchenk, Jonas. "Optische Spektroskopie in der Ultraschallfalle." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17043.
Full textAcoustic levitation in combination with optical spectroscopy allows for investigations of reactions and intermolecular interactions under specific conditions. Samples with microliter volumes can be handled without contact to solid surfaces resulting in the absence of impurities from surface contamination. Using different optical spectroscopy methods such as Raman, UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, different levitated samples were characterized in detail within this work. The investigations show that the acoustic levitator is an interesting tool for sample handling due to the wall-less fixture and because of the interaction of the levitated sample with the surrounding atmosphere. This interaction leads to an increase of a solved analyte upon the evaporation of the solvent. The ultrasonic field inside the trap was characterized by investigations of sonochemical reactions, which show a negligible influence of the ultrasonic field on the levitated sample. Absorption as well as fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the aggregation of a dye due to an increasing concentration upon evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, the relative quantum efficiency of the dye was determined from levitated droplet experiments. The interaction of the levitated droplet with the surrounding atmosphere can also lead to absorption of airborne substances. This effect was investigated for different levitated ionic liquids. Volumetric and vibrational studies were performed on levitated ionic liquids under different atmospheric humidity conditions to characterize the interaction of ionic liquids with water. Hyphenation of Raman scattering and UV/vis absorption spectroscopy enabled the investigation of the formation and aggregation of silver nanoparticles and the correlation of this information with the recorded surface-enhanced Raman spectra. In addition, the stability of silver nanoparticles in ionic liquids and the interactions of the particles with the ionic liquids were examined.
Jacobsson, T. Jesper. "Synthesis and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles.An experimental investigation of some of their size dependent quantum effects." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Chemistry, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121715.
Full textZnO nanoparticles in the size range 2.5–7 nm have been synthesised by a wet chemical method where ZnO particles were grown in basic zinc acetate solution. The optical band gap increases when the size of the particles decreases. An empirical relation between the optical band gap given from absorption measurements, and particle size given from XRD measurements has been developed and compared to other similar relations found in the literature.
Time resolved UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used to follow the growth of particles in situ in solution. The data show that the growth mechanism not can be described by a simple Oswald ripening approach and nor by an exclusive agglomeration of smaller clusters into larger particles. The growth mechanism is more likely a combination of the proposed reaction themes. The data also reveal that particle formation do not demand a heating step for formation of the commonly assumed initial cluster Zn4O(CH3COO)6.
Steady state fluorescence has been studied as a function of particle size during growth in solution. These measurements confirm what is found in the literature in that the visible fluorescence is shifted to longer wavelengths and loses in intensity as the particles grow. Some picosecond spectroscopy has also been done where the UV fluorescence has been investigated. From these measurements it is apparent that the lifetime of the fluorescence increases with particle size.
The phonon spectrum of ZnO has been studied with Raman spectroscopy for a number of different particle sizes. From these measurements it is clear that there is a strong quenching of the phonons due to confinement for the small particles, and the only clearly observed vibration is one at 436 cm-1 which intensity strongly increases with particle size.
Henrot, Simon. "Déconvolution et séparation d'images hyperspectrales en microscopie." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931579.
Full textDangleterre, Laëtitia. "Apport des spectroscopies moléculaires à l'étude des mécanismes de fixation des ions métalliques polluants par les substances humiques : complexation de Al(III), Pb(II) et Zn(II) par des systèmes modèles." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10068.
Full textBazile, Rudy. "Développement de diagnostics laser appliqués à l'étude des dynamiques de formation et de vaporisation d'un spray réactif." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES076.
Full textFeraud, Géraldine. "Molécules et nanoparticules aromatiques du milieu interstellaire : production et caractérisation au laboratoire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00889634.
Full textLi, Yun-Thai. "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609992.
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