Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomes Karyotypes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomes Karyotypes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomes Karyotypes"

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Kubaláková, M., M. Valárik, J. Bartoš, J. Vrána, J. Cíhalíková, M. Molnár-Láng, and J. Dolezel. "Analysis and sorting of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes using flow cytometry." Genome 46, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-054.

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Procedures for chromosome analysis and sorting using flow cytometry (flow cytogenetics) were developed for rye (Secale cereale L.). Suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared by mechanical homogenization of synchronized root tips after mild fixation with formaldehyde. Histograms of relative fluorescence intensity obtained after the analysis of DAPI-stained chromosomes (flow karyotypes) were characterized and the chromosome content of the DNA peaks was determined. Chromosome 1R could be discriminated on a flow karyotype of S. cereale 'Imperial'. The remaining rye chromosomes (2R–7R) could be discriminated and sorted from individual wheat–rye addition lines. The analysis of lines with reconstructed karyotypes demonstrated a possibility of sorting translocation chromosomes. Supernumerary B chromosomes could be sorted from an experimental rye population and from S. cereale 'Adams'. Flow-sorted chromosomes were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for various DNA repeats. Large numbers of chromosomes of a single type sorted onto microscopic slides facilitated detection of rarely occurring chromosome variants by FISH with specific probes. PCR with chromosome-specific primers confirmed the identity of sorted fractions and indicated suitability of sorted chromosomes for physical mapping. The possibility to sort large numbers of chromosomes opens a way for the construction of large-insert chromosome-specific DNA libraries in rye.Key words: chromosome isolation, chromosome sorting, fluorescence in situ hybridization, repetitive DNA sequences, wheat-rye addition lines, B chromosomes, physical mapping.
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Muratova, E. N., T. S. Sedel’nikova, A. V. Pimenov, and O. V. Goryachkina. "Karyological and cytogenetic research of the conifers of boreal zone by classic and new methods." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 25 (August 30, 2019): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v25.1142.

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Aim. Establishing of karyological features and conducting of cytogenetic analysis on conifer plants for biological diversity studies, solving of problems of taxonomics, evolutionary and population genetics. Methods. Classic methods with acetohematoxylin staining of slides and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results. More than 150 populations and provenances of representatives of different conifer genera from the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families were studied. The studies were carried out in natural populations and during the introduction, in optimal and extreme conditions, in disturbed ecosystems, botanical gardens and parks; in addition, various intraspecific forms have been studied. The variability of chromosome numbers and a wide range of chromosomal mutations have been revealed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the 45S and 5S ribosomal RNA gene probes and DAPI staining allows to identify of homologous chromosome pairs in the karyotypes of conifers and to facilitate the comparative karyotype analysis of these species. Conclusions. The studies of chromosomes in species of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families showed a karyotypic diversity and chromosomal anomalies in extreme conditions and under introduction. The use of molecular cytogenetic markers made it possible to obtain new information on the structure of conifer chromosomes. Keywords: chromosomes, nucleolar loci, chromosome mutations, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae.
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Gokhman, Vladimir E. "Chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): An overview." Comparative Cytogenetics 14, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v14i3.56535.

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An overview of the current knowledge of chromosome sets of the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Karyotypes of approximately 240 members of this group, i.e. just above one percent of described species, are studied up to now. Techniques for obtaining and analyzing preparations of chalcid chromosomes are outlined, including the so-called “traditional” and “modern” methods of differential staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the Chalcidoidea, the haploid chromosome number can vary from n = 3 to n = 11, with a clear mode at n = 6 and a second local maximum at n = 10. In this group, most chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric, but acrocentrics and/or subtelocentrics also can predominate, especially within karyotypes of certain Chalcidoidea with higher chromosome numbers. The following main types of chromosomal mutations are characteristic of chalcid karyotypes: inversions, fusions, translocations, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosome variation. Although karyotype evolution of this superfamily was mainly studied using phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and/or molecular characters, chromosomal synapomorphies of certain groups were also revealed. Taxonomic implications of karyotypic features of the Chalcidoidea are apparently the most important at the species level, especially among cryptic taxa.
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Liu, Guangxin, Xiaoling Zhang, Yue Lan, Haoyang Xin, Fengrong Hu, Zhuhua Wu, Jisen Shi, and Mengli Xi. "Karyotype and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of 15 Lilium Species from China." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 4 (July 2017): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04094-17.

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Karyotype comparison and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted to analyze the wild Lilium species distributed in China. The karyotype results revealed that all species except Lilium lancifolium (2n = 3X = 36) were diploid and had two pairs of metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotypes of all species are similar. FISH analysis revealed that there are 5–12 45S rRNA gene loci dispersed on the chromosomes of the 14 diploid species, and 15 45S rRNA gene loci were detected in the triploid species L. lancifolium. Most of the FISH signals were detected on the long arms and the centromeric regions. Three samples of L. brownii [Hubei, China (lat. 31°28′N, long. 110°23′E); Liaoning, China (lat. 40°07′N, long. 124°19′E); and Guangxi, China (lat. 25°06′N, long. 107°27′E)] showed very similar chromosome patterns in both the karyotype and the FISH analyses, further demonstrating that these samples belonged to the same species. L. brownii is widely distributed in China from latitude 25°06′N to 40°07′N, indicating that it is highly adaptable to the environment.
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Kamstra, Silvan A., Anja G. J. Kuipers, Marjo J. De Jeu, M. S. Ramanna, and Evert Jacobsen. "Physical localisation of repetitive DNA sequences in Alstroemeria: karyotyping of two species with species-specific and ribosomal DNA." Genome 40, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-086.

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localise two species-specific repetitive DNA sequences, A001-I and D32-13, and two highly conserved 25S and 5S rDNA sequences on the metaphase chromosomes of two species of Alstroemeria. The Chilean species, Alstroemeria aurea (2n = 16), has abundant constitutive heterochromatin, whereas the Brazilian species, Alstroemeria inodora, has hardly any heterochromatin. The A. aurea specific A001-I probe hybridized specifically to the C-band regions on all chromosomes. The FISH patterns on A. inodora chromosomes using species-specific probe D32–13 resembled the C-banding pattern and the A001-I pattern on A. aurea chromosomes. There were notable differences in number and distribution of rDNA sites between the two species. The 25S rDNA probe revealed 16 sites in A. aurea that closely colocalised with A001-I sites and 12 in A. inodora that were predominantly detected in the centromeric regions. FISH karyotypes of the two Alstroemeria species were constructed accordingly, enabling full identification of all individual chromosomes. These FISH karyotypes will be useful for monitoring the chromosomes of both Alstroemeria species in hybrids and backcross derivatives.Key words: Alstroemeria, fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, repetitive DNA, ribosomal DNA, karyotype.
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Li, Jianyong, Jinlan Pan, Bing Xiao, Li Ma, Hairong Qiu, Li Li, Wei Xu, Yongquan Xue, and Changgeng Ruan. "Multiplex Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (M-FISH) in the Detection of Complex Karyotypic Abnormalities of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4504.4504.

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Abstract The complex chromosome abnormalities (CCAs) were one of the most important poor prognostic risk factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Chromosome analysis using classical cytogenetic banding techniques fails to completely resolve complex karyotypes and cryptic translocations. The technique of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) allow for the simultaneous visualization of all chromosomes of a metaphase in a single hybridization step and thereby enable to comprehensively analyze complex karyotypes and the identification of new and cryptic translocations. To investigate the value of M-FISH in the detection of complex karyotypic abnormalities of AML and MDS. M-FISH was used in combination with interphase-FISH to study 24 cases of AML and MDS with CCAs showed by R-banding of conventional cytogenetics (CC). In 14 cases of AML with CCAs, 4 gains of whole chromosome and 4 losses of whole chromosome were confirmed by M-FISH, while 12 losses of whole chromosome were revised as derivative chromosomes resulted from various structural aberrations. 26 derivative chromosomes and 19 marker chromosomes were characterized precisely by M-FISH. Most of them were unbalanced translocations, including 2 complex t(8;21), which have not been previously described:t(8;21), der(8) t(8;21) (8pter→8q22::21q22→21qter), der(21) t(8;21;8) (8qter→ 8q22::21p13→ 21q22::8q22→ 8qter) and t(21;8;18;1), der(8) t(8;21) (8pter→ 8q22::21q22→ 21qter), der(21) t(21;8;18;1) (21p13→ 21q22::8q22→ 8q24::18?::1q?q?). In 10 cases of MDS, 37 kinds of structural rearrangements were detected by M-FISH including insertion, deletion, translocation and derivative chromosomes, and among them 34 kinds were unbalanced rearrangements, only 3 were balanced rearrangements including t(6;22)(q21;q12), t(9;19)(q13;p13) and t(3;5)( ?;?), 7 abnormalities were never reported before. The CCAs invloved nearly all chromosomes, of which the chromosome 17, 5 and 7 were invloved more frequent than the rest. Chromosomes 5, 17, 7 were involved in 15 cases (62.5%), 12 cases (50%) and 6 cases (25%) respecrively. We conclude that M-FISH could refine CCAs of AML and MDS patients, find or correct the missed or misidentified aberrations by CC analysis. Our findings confirm that M-FISH is a powerful tool to characterize complex karyotypes in AML and MDS.
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Silva, Silvokleio da Costa, Sandra Mendes, Thallitha Régis, Orlando Sampaio Passos, Walter dos Santos Soares Filho, and Andrea Pedrosa-Harand. "Cytogenetic Map of Pummelo and Chromosome Evolution of True Citrus Species and the Hybrid Sweet Orange." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n14p148.

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Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is considered as one of the true citrus species. Together with mandarin (C. reticulata), it gave rise to the hybrid sweet orange (C. sinensis) and other important citrus crops. Although these species have 2n = 18, each has a unique heterochromatin distribution. The aims of this study were to identify chromosome homoeologies between pummelo and other true citrus species, to investigate the karyotypic changes involved in the chromosomal evolution between true citrus and to shed light into the origin of sweet orange hybrid karyotype. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of pummelo and sweet orange were double stained with the fluorochromes CMA/DAPI (Chromomycin A3/4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and identified by FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) with chromosome-specific BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) markers. The results were compared to previously established cytogenetic maps of mandarin, C. medica and Poncirus trifoliata. Only chromosomes 1, 4 and 8 were maintained unaltered among species, with chromosomes 2 and 3 being among the least conserved in heterochromatin distribution. BACs were conserved in position among homoeologs and the markers mapped to chromosomes 2 and 3 indicated that sweet orange karyotype largely conserved one chromosome from pummelo and one from mandarin. Despite conserved synteny, expansion and contraction of heterochromatic blocks accounted for the differences between karyotypes, even between the hybrid sweet orange and pummelo.
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Dulz, Thais Aparecida, Carla Andrea Lorscheider, Viviane Demetrio Nascimento, Rafael Bueno Noleto, Orlando Moreira-Filho, Viviane Nogaroto, and Marcelo Ricardo Vicari. "Comparative cytogenetics among Leporinus friderici and Leporellus vittatus populations (Characiformes, Anostomidae): focus on repetitive DNA elements." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v13i2.33764.

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Anostomidae are a neotropical fish family rich in number of species. Cytogenetically, they show a conserved karyotype with 2n = 54 chromosomes, although they present intraspecific/interspecific variations in the number and chromosomal location of repetitive DNA sequences. The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative description of the karyotypes of two populations of Leporinusfriderici Bloch, 1794 and three populations of Leporellusvittatus Valenciennes, 1850. We used conventional cytogenetic techniques allied to fluorescence in situ hybridization, using 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and 5S rDNA, a general telomere sequence for vertebrates (TTAGGG)n and retrotransposon (RTE) Rex1 probes. The anostomids in all studied populations presented 2n = 54 chromosomes, with a chromosome formula of 32m + 22sm for L.friderici and 28m + 26sm for L.vittatus. Variations in the number and location of the 5S and 18S rDNA chromosomal sites were observed between L.friderici and L.vittatus populations and species. Accumulation of Rex1 was observed in the terminal region of most chromosomes in all populations, and telomere sequences were located just on all ends of the 54 chromosomes in all populations. The intraspecific and intergeneric chromosomal changes occurred in karyotype differentiation, indicating that minor chromosomal rearrangements had present in anostomid species diversification.
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Zhang, Siyu, Minqiu Zhu, Yi Shang, Jiaqi Wang, Dawadundup, Lifang Zhuang, Jinlong Zhang, Chenggen Chu, and Zengjun Qi. "Physical organization of repetitive sequences and chromosome diversity of barley revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)." Genome 62, no. 5 (May 2019): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0182.

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using oligonucleotides is a simple and convenient method for chromosome research. In this study, 34 of 46 previously developed oligonucleotides produced signals in barley. Together with two plasmid clones and one PCR-amplified cereal centromere repeat (CCS1) probe, 37 repetitive sequences were chromosomally located produced three types of signals covering different positions on the chromosomes. The centromeric and pericentric regions had a more complex genomic organization and sequence composition probably indicative of higher contents of heterochromatin. An efficient multi-plex probe containing eight oligonucleotides and a plasmid clone of 45S rDNA was developed. Thirty-three barley karyotypes were developed and compared. Among them, 11 irradiation-induced mutants of cultivar 08-49 showed no chromosomal variation, whereas 22 cultivar and landrace accessions contained 28 chromosomal polymorphisms. Chromosome 4H was the most variable and 6H was the least variable based on chromosome polymorphic information content (CPIC). Five polymorphic chromosomes (1H-2, 2H-1, 3H-3, 5H-2, and 6H-2) were dominant types, each occurring in more than 50% of accessions. The multi-plex probe should facilitate identification of further chromosomal polymorphisms in barley.
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Oliveira, Vanessa C. S., Marie Altmanová, Patrik F. Viana, Tariq Ezaz, Luiz A. C. Bertollo, Petr Ráb, Thomas Liehr, et al. "Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles." Cells 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061397.

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Although crocodilians have attracted enormous attention in other research fields, from the cytogenetic point of view, this group remains understudied. Here, we analyzed the karyotypes of eight species formally described from the Alligatoridae family using differential staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNA and repetitive motifs as a probe, whole chromosome painting (WCP), and comparative genome hybridization. All Caimaninae species have a diploid chromosome number (2n) 42 and karyotypes dominated by acrocentric chromosomes, in contrast to both species of Alligatorinae, which have 2n = 32 and karyotypes that are predominantly metacentric, suggesting fusion/fission rearrangements. Our WCP results supported this scenario by revealing the homeology of the largest metacentric pair present in both Alligator spp. with two smaller pairs of acrocentrics in Caimaninae species. The clusters of 18S rDNA were found on one chromosome pair in all species, except for Paleosuchus spp., which possessed three chromosome pairs bearing these sites. Similarly, comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated an advanced stage of sequence divergence among the caiman genomes, with Paleosuchus standing out as the most divergent. Thus, although Alligatoridae exhibited rather low species diversity and some level of karyotype stasis, their genomic content indicates that they are not as conserved as previously thought. These new data deepen the discussion of cytotaxonomy in this family.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomes Karyotypes"

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Ziemniczak, Kaline. "Estudos citogenéticos em espécies da família Paradontidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes), com enfoque no papel dos DNAs repetitivos na evolução cariotípica do grupo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8636.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Parodontidae is organized in three genera according to their morphological characteristics: Parodon, Saccodon and Apareiodon. The diploid number is conserved in this group with 2n=54 chromosomes, with species without heteromorphic sex chromosomes systems and other with sex chromosomes system, with female heterogamety, ZZ/ZW or ZZ/ZW1W2. Studies of chromosome localization using repetitive DNAs chromosomes of species show possible origin, differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes in Parodontidae. However, further studies using repeats DNAs are fundamental for a better comprehension of its pathway genomic structural or functional. In this study were described the chromosome location of the (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n sequences in eight species of Parodontidae, with aim to evaluate the probable mechanisms of chromosomal diversification, especially those related to molecular differentiation of W chromosome. Also were mapped 16 microsatellites sequences in five species of the family to check the accumulation of the repetitive DNAs in the chromosomes and verify its performance in the karyotype and sex chromosomes differentiation. Yet, partial sequences of the histone H1, H3 and H4 were determined and had chromosomal localization in six species of Parodontidae. The data show two H1 sequences in Parodontidae genomes, herein called H1 partial and H1+ ERV, in addition to partial sequences for the genes H3 and H4. The chromosomal localization of histone genes show H1, H3 and H4 in main cluster and the presence of the orphans genes for H1 + ERV. Hence, this study provide some advances in the understanding of the repetitive DNA mechanism in the karyotypic differentiation and evolution in the family Parodontidae.
Parodontidae é organizada em três gêneros agrupados de acordo com suas características morfológicas: Parodon, Saccodon e Apareiodon. O número diploide é conservado nesse grupo com 2n=54 cromossomos, com espécies sem sistemas de cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos e outras com sistemas de cromossomos sexuais do tipo ZZ/ZW ou ZZ/ZW1W2. Estudos com mapeamento de DNAs repetitivos por hibridação in situ fluorescente nos cromossomos de algumas espécies demonstraram possível origem, diferenciação e evolução dos sistemas de cromossomos sexuais desta família. No entanto, estudos mais aprofundados são fundamentais para um maior esclarecimento do papel genômico das sequências repetitivas. Neste estudo foram descritas a localização das sequências (GATA)n e (TTAGGG)n em oito espécies de Parodontidae, com o objetivo de avaliar os prováveis mecanismos de diversificação cromossômica, especialmente aqueles relacionados à diferenciação molecular do cromossomo W. Também foram mapeadas 16 sequências de microssatélites em cinco espécies da família, com objetivo de verificar o acúmulo de DNA repetitivo nos cromossomos e sua atuação na diferenciação cariotípica dos cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos. Por fim, sequências parciais das histonas H1, H3 e H4 e também dos DNAr 5S e 18S foram determinadas e tiveram sua localização cromossômica em seis espécies desta família. Com os resultados, foi possível determinar duas sequências de H1 para Parodontidae, H1 parcial e H1+ERV, além das sequências parciais para os genes H3 e H4. Todas essas análises propiciam uma melhor compreensão dos processos de diferenciação e evolução cariotípica na família Parodontidae.
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Baker, Elizabeth Gay. "The mapping of human chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MSM/09msmb167.pdf.

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Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Pediatrics and Dept. of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, 1996.
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-142).
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Aquino, Perez Gildardo. "Generation of an integrated karyotype of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by banding pattern and fluorescent in situ hybridization." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2416.

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Yanala, Pavan Kumar Reddy Knopp Jerome Rogan Peter K. "Automated detection of metaphase chromosomes for fluorescence in situ hybridization and routine cytogenetics." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A thesis in electrical engineering." Typescript. Advisors: Jerome Knopp and Peter K. Rogan. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-109). Online version of the print edition.
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Han, Tie Lan. "Study of individual chromosomes in human ejaculated sperm by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Adelaide Thesis (M.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21663.

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Darai-Ramqvist, Eva. "Involvement of evolutionarily plastic regions in cancer associated CHR3 aberrations /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-192-0/.

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Tapia, Páez Isabel. "Characterization of human chromosome 22 : cloning of breakpoints of the constitutional translocation t(11;22)(q23;q11) and detection of small constitutional deletions by microarray CGH /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-505-0.

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Ferrari, Fernanda. "Caracterização cromossomica em cana-de-açucar (Saccharum spp., Poaceae)." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315636.

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Orientador: Eliana Regina Forni Martins
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar assumiu grande importância no cenário econômico mundial, não só pela produção de açúcar, mas também de etanol. Variedades modernas de cana-de-açúcar são essencialmente derivadas de hibridações feitas no início do século XX entre duas spécies de Saccharum, S. officinarum (2n = 80) e S. spontaneum (2n = 40-128), seguidas de retrocruzamentos dos híbridos com S. officinarum. Devido à poliploidia natural do gênero e a aneuploidia das variedades híbridas o estudo citogenético em cana-de-açúcar é complexo. O advento da citogenética molecular, mediante a técnica de hibridização de DNA in situ (FISH e GISH), vem propiciando avanços no entendimento da organização genômica de Saccharum e de gêneros relacionados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises cromossômicas, de número e sítios de rDNA, nas duas principais espécies do gênero, S. officinarum e S. spontaneum, e em mais três importantes variedades brasileiras, RB72454, RB835486 e RB867515. Foi possível confirmar as identidades das espécies S. officinarum (2n = 80) e S. spontaneum (2n = 64) mediante a contagem do número cromossômico. Foram caracterizados, pela primeira vez, os números cromossômicos das variedades RB72454 e RB835486 (2n = 112) e na RB867515 (2n = 110). Através de técnicas de hibridização in situ fluorescente foram quantificados os sítios de rDNA 45S e 5S. As espécies S. officinarum e S. spontaneum, conforme já descrito na literatura, apresentaram 8 sítios de cada locus. As variedades RB72454 e RB835486 apresentaram 12 sítios de cada locus e a variedade RB867515 apresentou 11 sítios do rDNA 45S e 9 sítios do rDNA 5S. Os loci de rDNA 45S e 5S encontram-se em grupos homó(eó)logos distintos e por isso, esses dois genes caracterizam-se dois marcadores cromossômicos em Saccharum spp. A localização do locus de rDNA 45S em posição distinta nos cromossomos de S. officinarum (terminais) e S. spontaneum (intersticiais), possibilitou a quantificação da contribuição dessas espécies, no respectivo grupo homeólogo, para as variedades RB72454 e RB867515
Abstract: Sugarcane has assumed an eminent position in the world economical scenario, not only for sugar, but also for ethanol production. Current sugarcane varieties are hybrids from initial interspecific crosses involving mainly two species of Saccharum, S. officinarum (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum (2n = 40-128), followed by backcrossing with S. officinarum. Due to the polyploidy nature of the genus Saccharum and the aneuploidy occurring in the interspecific hybrids, the cytogenetic study of sugarcane is complex. Moreover, chromosomes are small and morphologically similar. The molecular cytogenetics, with technique of DNA in situ hybridization (GISH and FISH), has provided advances in the understanding of genomic organization of this crop. The goal of this study was to realize chromosomal analysis, including chromosome number and sites of rDNA of two species, S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, and of three Brazilian varieties, RB72454, RB835486 and RB867515. The identities of the species S. officinarum (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum (2n = 64) were confirmed counting their chromosome numbers. We also counted the chromosome numbers of the varieties RB72454 and RB835486 (2n = 112) and RB867515 (2n = 110). Using FISH techniques, we could quantify the rDNA 45S and 5S sites of all the accesses. S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, as described in the literature, had 8 sites at each locus. For the varieties RB72454 and RB835486, 12 sites at each locus were detected and for RB867515, 11 sites of rDNA 45S and 9 sites of rDNA 5S were detected. The loci rDNA 45S and 5S are in different homo(eo)logues groups being thus characterized as two chromosomal markers for Saccharum spp. Since the rDNA 45S is located in different positions in S. officinarum (terminals) and S. spontaneum (interstitial), this marker could be applied in the quantification, in this homeologue group, of the chromosome numbers inherited from S. officinarum and S. spontaneum by the varieties RB72454, RB867515
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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9

Brianti, Mitsue Taukeuti. "Analise de cromossomos de especies da radiação tripunctata de Drosophila." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316969.

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Orientador: Louis Bernard Klaczko
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Acredita-se que no gênero Drosophila, o subgênero Drosophila é procedente do subgênero Sophophora e deu origem a outros gêneros e subgêneros e, particularmente, a duas radiações: virilis-repleta e immigrans-Hirtodrosophila. Esta última teve uma origem paleotropical, onde inicialmente se diversificou e se expandiu, enviando a radiação tripunctata aos Neotrópicos. A radiação tripunctata sofreu uma diversificação neotropical importante e atualmente é composta por 9 grupos de espécies adaptadas a áreas florestais. Este projeto se insere num amplo contexto de compreender a evolução da radiação tripunctata de Drosophila. Para isso foram usadas duas abordagens: a) analisamos a posição do rDNA nos cromossomos mitóticos de 16 espécies da radiação tripunctata; b) e, com cromossomos politênicos, focalizamos nossa atenção no estudo detalhado de um agrupamento monofilético dentro do grupo tripuntata - o agrupamento de espécies relacionadas com D. mediopunctata (D. mediopunctata, D. unipunctata e D. roehrae) - usando métodos de citogenética clássica e molecular. Deste modo os objetivos deste trabalho foram: - Examinar a variação da posição dos genes codificantes do RNA ribossomal (rDNA) em espécies da radiação tripunctata. - Produzir fotomapas de cromossomos politênicos de D. roehrae e D. unipunctata. - Caracterizar as inversões cromossômicas (pontos de quebra) que ocorrem em populações de D. roehrae e D. unipunctata - Identificar os elementos cromossômicos de Muller pela localização, através de hibridação in situ, de genes de cópia única de D. melanogaster em cromossomos politênicos das espécies D. mediopunctata, D. roehrae e D. unipunctata. As conclusões gerais foram: - A presença de uma NOR em cada cromossomo sexual é uma condição ancestral no gênero Drosophila e este caráter é bem conservado neste gênero. - Os cromossomos politênicos das três espécies são bem similares, sendo possível determinar com relativa facilidade a homologia dos cromossomos menos polimórficos. - Existe um padrão de polimorfismo de inversões entres os elementos de Muller nestas espécies: o elemento E é o mais polimórfico, com muitas inversões em cada espécie; o elemento C é o segundo mais polimórfico, enquanto B e D são os menos polimórficos. - Drosophila unipunctata apresenta uma conformação cariotípica singular, a despeito das espécies D. mediopunctata e D. unipunctata serem consideradas filogeneticamente mais próximas que D. roehrae, o que sugere uma rápida evolução cromossômica
Abstract: In the genus Drosophila, the subgenus Drosophila arose from the subgenus Sophophora and subsequently gave rise to various subgenera and genera, and to two particularly important radiations: virilis-repleta and immigrans-Hirtodrosophila. The latter originated in the Paleotropics, where it initially diversified and expanded, taking the tripunctata radiation to the Neotropics. The tripunctata radiation suffered significant Neotropical diversification and, at present, is composed of nine species groups adapted to forest habitats. The ultimate aim underlying this project is to understand the evolution of the tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. To address this matter, two approaches were used: a) we investigated the rDNA position, on mitotic chromosomes, in 16 species of the tripunctata radiation; b) and, with polytene chromosomes, we focused our attention in the detailed study of three closely related species of the tripunctata group. (d. mediopunctata, D. unipunctata and D. roehrae) - using classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis. More specifically, we aimed to: - investigate the rDNA position in species of tripunctata radiation through in situ hybridization on mitotic chromosomes. - prepare photomaps of the polytene chromosome of D. roehrae and D. unipunctata, locating the breaking points of the inversions. - identify Muller's elements, in polytene chromosomes of D. mediopunctata, D. roehrae and D. unipunctata through in situ hybridization using genes of D. melanogaster as probes. Our conclusions were: - The presence of a single nucleolus organizer region (NOR) on each sex chromosome is an ancestral and conserved state in the genus Drosophila. - Drosophila mediopunctata, D. roehrae and D. unipunctata have similar polytene chromosomes, which allowed us to establish the homology of chromosomal elements through the comparison of banding patterns. - In these species, the distribution of breaking points through the Muller's elements is non-random: element E is the most polymorphic, with many inversions in each species; and element C is the second most polymorphic; while B and D are the least polymorphic. - With the help of molecular genetic markers it has been previously established that D. mediopunctata is more closely related to D. unipunctata than to D. roehrae. However, D. unipunctata shows a notably different karyotype configuration, which suggests rapid chromosomal evolution
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia
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Gomes, Daniel de Oliveira. "Estudo da deleção do cromossomo 9p como fator prognóstico no carcinoma renal tipo células claras localizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-03122013-110647/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A deleção do cromossomo 9p tem sido encontrada em 14 a 36% dos pacientes com carcinoma renal tipo células claras (CRCC) e está associado a tumores de alto grau, estágio avançado, presença de metástases linfonodais e sistêmicas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se a deleção do cromossomo 9p é fator preditor independente de pior sobrevida livre de recorrência e câncer-específica em pacientes com CRCC localizado. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo de coorte retrospectivo, amostras tumorais de 94 pacientes com CRCC NX-0 M0, submetidos à nefrectomia radical ou cirurgia renal conservadora, foram analisadas através das técnicas de microarranjo tecidual e hibridização in situ com fluorescência. RESULTADOS: O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 11,6 anos e a deleção do 9p foi encontrada em cerca de 15% dos casos. A sobrevida câncer específica estimada em 5 e 10 anos foi respectivamente de 99% e 96% nos pacientes sem a referida perda cromossômica e de 71% e 57% naqueles com perda do 9p (p < 0,001). A deleção do cromossomo 9p foi fator prognóstico independente na análise multivariada, aumentando o risco de morte pela doença em 28x (IC 95% 5-155, p < 0,001). Tal deleção foi o preditor mais importante de mortalidade câncer específica, superior a qualquer fator patológico analisado, inclusive ao tamanho tumoral. Em pacientes com baixo risco de progressão, isto é, baixo escore SSIGN (0-2), baixo risco segundo a UISS e baixo risco segundo a Tríade Patológica da USP, tumores deletados do 9p estão significativamente associados com pior sobrevida câncer-específica em 10 anos: respectivamente 70%, 67% e 67% versus 98%, 97% e 98% naqueles sem a perda do 9p. CONCLUSÃO: A deleção do cromossomo 9p estabelece independentemente um pior prognóstico para pacientes com CRCC localizado, fornece informação clínica relevante adicional e pode aperfeiçoar a habilidade preditora dos principais sistemas prognósticos atuais
INTRODUCTION: Deletion of chromosome 9p has been found in 14-36% of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and is associated with high grade tumors, advanced tumor stage, presence of lymph node involvement and metastases. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether deletion of chromosome 9p is an independent predictor of worse recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival in patients with localized ccRCC. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, tumor samples of 94 patients with NX-0 M0 ccRCC undergoing radical nephrectomy or renal conservative surgery, were analyzed using tissue microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 11.6 years and 9p deletion was found in near 15% of cases. Estimated cancer-specific survival at 5 and 10 years was, respectively, 99% and 96% in patients without such chromosomal loss and 71% and 57% in those with 9p loss (p < 0.001). Deletion of chromosome 9p is an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis, increasing the risk of disease-specific death in 28x (95% CI 5-155, p < 0.001). This deletion was the strongest predictor of cancer-specific mortality, superior to any analysed pathological factor, including tumor size. In patients at low risk of progression, namely low score (0-2) SSIGN, low risk UISS and low risk USP Pathological Triad, 9p-deleted tumors were associated with worse 10 years cancer-specific survival: respectively 70%, 67% and 67% versus 98%, 97% and 98% in those with no 9p loss. CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of chromosome 9p independently establishes a worse prognosis for patients with localized ccRCC, provides relevant additional clinical information and can improve the predictive ability of the main current prognostic models
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Book chapters on the topic "Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomes Karyotypes"

1

Fauth, Christine, Jürgen Kraus, Sabine Langer, and Michael R. Speicher. "New Developments in Multicolour Fluorescence in situ Hybridization." In Chromosomes Today, 187–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1033-6_17.

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Zhang, Peng, and Bernd Friebe. "FISH on Plant Chromosomes." In Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) — Application Guide, 365–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70581-9_32.

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Li, Yafei, and Zhukuan Cheng. "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on Rice Chromosomes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 105–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3142-2_8.

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Scherthan, Harry. "FISH Targeting of Chromosomes and Subchromosomal Regions in Yeast." In Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) — Application Guide, 347–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70581-9_30.

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Yang, Fengtang, Vladimir Trifonov, Bee Ling Ng, Nadezda Kosyakova, and Nigel P. Carter. "Generation of Paint Probes by Flow-Sorted and Microdissected Chromosomes." In Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) — Application Guide, 35–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70581-9_3.

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Phillips, Ruth B., Makoto P. Matsuoka, and Kent M. Reed. "Characterization of charr chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization." In Ecology, behaviour and conservation of the charrs, genus Salvelinus, 223–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1352-8_20.

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Healy, Kim Coleman. "Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Reveals Homologies Among Tarsier, Galago, and Human Karyotypes." In Creatures of the Dark, 211–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2405-9_14.

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Macoska, Jill A. "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Metaphase and Interphase Chromosomes." In Renal Cancer, 101–23. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-144-2:101.

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Gao, Zhi, Fangpu Han, Tatiana V. Danilova, Jonathan C. Lamb, Patrice S. Albert, and James A. Birchler. "Labeling Meiotic Chromosomes in Maize with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 35–43. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-333-6_4.

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Cremer, Marion, Florian Grasser, Christian Lanctôt, Stefan Müller, Michaela Neusser, Roman Zinner, Irina Solovei, and Thomas Cremer. "Multicolor 3D Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Imaging Interphase Chromosomes." In The Nucleus, 205–39. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-406-3_15.

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