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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluorescent opsins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mackin, Robert D., Ruth A. Frey, Carmina Gutierrez, et al. "Endocrine regulation of multichromatic color vision." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (2019): 16882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904783116.

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Vertebrate color vision requires spectrally selective opsin-based pigments, expressed in distinct cone photoreceptor populations. In primates and in fish, spectrally divergent opsin genes may reside in head-to-tail tandem arrays. Mechanisms underlying differential expression from such arrays have not been fully elucidated. Regulation of human red (LWS) vs. green (MWS) opsins is considered a stochastic event, whereby upstream enhancers associate randomly with promoters of the proximal or distal gene, and one of these associations becomes permanent. We demonstrate that, distinct from this stocha

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Cocurullo, Maria, Periklis Paganos, Rossella Annunziata, Danila Voronov, and Maria Ina Arnone. "Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Profile of Go-Opsin Photoreceptor Cells in Sea Urchin Larvae." Cells 12, no. 17 (2023): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12172134.

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The ability to perceive and respond to light stimuli is fundamental not only for spatial vision but also to many other light-mediated interactions with the environment. In animals, light perception is performed by specific cells known as photoreceptors and, at molecular level, by a group of GPCRs known as opsins. Sea urchin larvae possess a group of photoreceptor cells (PRCs) deploying a Go-Opsin (Opsin3.2) which have been shown to share transcription factors and morphology with PRCs of the ciliary type, raising new questions related to how this sea urchin larva PRC is specified and whether it

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FEI, YIJIAN, and THOMAS E. HUGHES. "Transgenic expression of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein in the cone photoreceptors of the mouse." Visual Neuroscience 18, no. 4 (2001): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801184117.

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The goal of this study was to determine whether the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) could be used in transgenic mice to label and purify cone photoreceptors from the living retina. We created a transgene containing the 5′ regulatory sequence of the human red pigment gene (pR6.5 lacZ clone; kindly provided by J. Nathans & Y. Wang), fused to the GFP coding sequence. This transgene was used to generate seven lines of PCR-positive founders. Three of the lines had bright green fluorescent cone photoreceptors. The GFP fills the entire cell. Two mouse lines had only a few (∼10–100) fluo

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Idzhilova, Olga S., Gulnur R. Smirnova, Lada E. Petrovskaya, Darya A. Kolotova, Mikhail A. Ostrovsky, and Alexey Y. Malyshev. "Cationic Channelrhodopsin from the Alga Platymonas subcordiformis as a Promising Optogenetic Tool." Biochemistry (Moscow) 87, no. 11 (2022): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297922110116.

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Abstract The progress in optogenetics largely depends on the development of light-activated proteins as new molecular tools. Using cultured hippocampal neurons, we compared the properties of two light-activated cation channels – classical channelrhodopsin-2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrChR2) and recently described channelrhodopsin isolated from the alga Platymonas subcordiformis (PsChR2). PsChR2 ensured generation of action potentials by neurons when activated by the pulsed light stimulation with the frequencies up to 40-50 Hz, while the upper limit for CrChR2 was 20-30 Hz. An important a

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Nikolaev, Dmitrii M., Andrey A. Shtyrov, Sergey Yu Vyazmin, Andrey V. Vasin, Maxim S. Panov, and Mikhail N. Ryazantsev. "Fluorescence of the Retinal Chromophore in Microbial and Animal Rhodopsins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417269.

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Fluorescence of the vast majority of natural opsin-based photoactive proteins is extremely low, in accordance with their functions that depend on efficient transduction of absorbed light energy. However, several recently proposed classes of engineered rhodopsins with enhanced fluorescence, along with the discovery of a new natural highly fluorescent rhodopsin, NeoR, opened a way to exploit these transmembrane proteins as fluorescent sensors and draw more attention to studies on this untypical rhodopsin property. Here, we review the available data on the fluorescence of the retinal chromophore

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Athanasiou, Dimitra, Maria Kosmaoglou, Naheed Kanuga, et al. "BiP prevents rod opsin aggregation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 18 (2012): 3522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-02-0168.

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Mutations in rod opsin—the light-sensitive protein of rod cells—cause retinitis pigmentosa. Many rod opsin mutations lead to protein misfolding, and therefore it is important to understand the role of molecular chaperones in rod opsin biogenesis. We show that BiP (HSPA5) prevents the aggregation of rod opsin. Cleavage of BiP with the subtilase cytotoxin SubAB results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention and ubiquitylation of wild-type (WT) rod opsin (WT–green fluorescent protein [GFP]) at the ER. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals that WT-GFP is usually mobile in the ER. By

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Idzhilova, O. S., D. E. Kolotova, G. R. Smirnova, et al. "NON-SELECTIVE EXPRESSION OF SHORT-WAVELENGTH CONE OPSIN IMPROVES LEARNING IN MICE WITH RETINAL DEGENERATION IN A VISUALLY GUIDED TASK." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни 510, no. 1 (2023): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s268673892360005x.

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Here, we explore the potential of an animal opsin non-selectively expressed in various neuronal elements of the degenerative retina to restore impaired visual function. In this study, a knockout murine model of inherited retinal distrophy was used. Animals were injected intravitreally with either a virus carrying gene of the short-wavelength cone opsin associated with a reporter fluorescent protein, or a control virus carrying the sequence of a modified fluorescent protein that had an enhanced membrane tropism. The viral transduction induced pronounced opsin expression in ganglion, bipolar, an

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MAUCK, MATTHEW C., KATHERINE MANCUSO, JAMES A. KUCHENBECKER, et al. "Longitudinal evaluation of expression of virally delivered transgenes in gerbil cone photoreceptors." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (2008): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080577.

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Delivery of foreign opsin genes to cone photoreceptors using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a potential tool for studying the basic mechanisms underlying cone based vision and for treating vision disorders. We used an in vivo retinal imaging system to monitor, over time, expression of virally-delivered genes targeted to cone photoreceptors in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils have a well-developed photopic visual system, with 11–14% of their photoreceptors being cones. We used replication deficient serotype 5 rAAV to deliver a gene for green fluorescent protei

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Polans, A. S., L. G. Altman, and D. S. Papermaster. "Immunocytochemical binding of anti-opsin N-terminal-specific antibodies to the extracellular surface of rod outer segment plasma membranes. Fixation induces antibody binding." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 5 (1986): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.5.2939131.

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We have examined the binding of anti-opsin antibodies to the plasma membrane of frog retinal rod outer segments (ROS) by fluorescence light microscopy and electron microscopy. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for the N-terminal domain of opsin were observed to bind to the extracellular surface of ROS plasma membrane of aldehyde-fixed but not of unfixed retinas. This reaction was found regardless of whether purified ROS, rhodopsin, opsin, or an N-terminal peptide of opsin was used as the immunogen. The fixation-induced binding of these antibodies contrasts with the more frequently

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Ullrich, Sybille, Ronnie Gueta, and Georg Nagel. "Degradation of channelopsin-2 in the absence of retinal and degradation resistance in certain mutants." Biological Chemistry 394, no. 2 (2013): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0256.

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Abstract Channelrhodopsin-2 is a light-gated cation channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is functional in animal cells and therefore widely used for light-activated depolarization, especially in neurons. To achieve a fully functional protein, the chromophore all-trans-retinal is needed. It has not been investigated whether or not the apoprotein is stable without its cofactor until now. Here we show that channelopsin-2 (Chop2, protein without bound retinal) is much more prone to degradation than channelrhodopsin-2 (protein with retinal). Constructs of Chop2 fused to yellow

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Liang, Haoqian, Qiang Wu, Xinzheng Victor Guo, et al. "Comprehensive Analysis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments: Flow Cytometry Characterization and Stress-Driven Impact on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612889.

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Phagocytosis is one of the key functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which maintain photoreceptor health by removing photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) that are regularly shed. A deficiency in RPE function to phagocytose POSs may lead to vision loss in inherited retinal diseases and eventually to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy. Significant progress has been made in the field of cell replacement therapy for AMD using stem-cell-derived RPE. To test their function, RPE cells are incubated with purified bovine POSs for the demonstration of efficient

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Lu, Xiaocen, Yi Shen, and Robert E. Campbell. "Engineering Photosensory Modules of Non-Opsin-Based Optogenetic Actuators." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186522.

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Optogenetic (photo-responsive) actuators engineered from photoreceptors are widely used in various applications to study cell biology and tissue physiology. In the toolkit of optogenetic actuators, the key building blocks are genetically encodable light-sensitive proteins. Currently, most optogenetic photosensory modules are engineered from naturally-occurring photoreceptor proteins from bacteria, fungi, and plants. There is a growing demand for novel photosensory domains with improved optical properties and light-induced responses to satisfy the needs of a wider variety of studies in biologic

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PERKINS, BRIAN D., PAMELA M. KAINZ, DONALD M. O'MALLEY, and JOHN E. DOWLING. "Transgenic expression of a GFP-rhodopsin COOH-terminal fusion protein in zebrafish rod photoreceptors." Visual Neuroscience 19, no. 3 (2002): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523802192030.

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To facilitate the identification and characterization of mutations affecting the retina and photoreceptors in the zebrafish, a transgene expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the C-terminal 44 amino acids of Xenopus rhodopsin (Tam et al., 2000) under the control of the 1.3-kb proximal Xenopus opsin promoter was inserted into the zebrafish genome. GFP expression was easily observed in a ventral patch of retinal cells at 4 days postfertilization (dpf). Between 45–50% of the progeny from the F1, F2, and F3 generations expressed the transgene, consistent with a single integration eve

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Kobayashi, Mao, Shokoku Shu, Kana Marunaka, Toshiyuki Matsunaga, and Akira Ikari. "Weak Ultraviolet B Enhances the Mislocalization of Claudin-1 Mediated by Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Human Keratinocyte-Derived HaCaT Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (2020): 7138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197138.

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A tight junction (TJ) makes a physical barrier in the epidermal cells of skin. Ultraviolet (UV) light may disrupt the TJ barrier, but the mechanism has not been well clarified. Weak UVB (5 mJ/cm2) caused mislocalization of claudin-1 (CLDN1), a component of the TJ strand, and disruption of TJ barrier in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. The UVB-induced mislocalization of CLDN1 was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine (MDC), a clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitor, suggesting that UVB enhances the internalization of CLDN1. Transepidermal electrical resistance and paracellular flux of lucif

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Schafer, Christopher T., Anthony Shumate, and David L. Farrens. "Novel fluorescent GPCR biosensor detects retinal equilibrium binding to opsin and active G protein and arrestin signaling conformations." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 51 (2020): 17486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014631.

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Rhodopsin is a canonical class A photosensitive G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), yet relatively few pharmaceutical agents targeting this visual receptor have been identified, in part due to the unique characteristics of its light-sensitive, covalently bound retinal ligands. Rhodopsin becomes activated when light isomerizes 11-cis-retinal into an agonist, all-trans-retinal (ATR), which enables the receptor to activate its G protein. We have previously demonstrated that, despite being covalently bound, ATR can display properties of equilibrium binding, yet how this is accomplished is unknown.

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Subach, Oksana M., Anna V. Vlaskina, Yuliya K. Agapova, et al. "cNTnC and fYTnC2, Genetically Encoded Green Calcium Indicators Based on Troponin C from Fast Animals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (2022): 14614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314614.

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NTnC-like green fluorescent genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) with two calcium ion binding sites were constructed using the insertion of truncated troponin C (TnC) from Opsanus tau into green fluorescent proteins (GFPs). These GECIs are small proteins containing the N- and C-termini of GFP; they exert a limited effect on the cellular free calcium ion concentration; and in contrast to calmodulin-based calcium indicators they lack undesired interactions with intracellular proteins in neurons. The available TnC-based NTnC or YTnC GECIs had either an inverted response and high brightn

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Wang, Lei, Yugo Iwasaki, Kiran K. Andra, Kalpana Pandey, Anant K. Menon, and Peter Bütikofer. "Scrambling of natural and fluorescently tagged phosphatidylinositol by reconstituted G protein–coupled receptor and TMEM16 scramblases." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 47 (2018): 18318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004213.

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Members of the G protein–coupled receptor and TMEM16 (transmembrane protein 16) protein families are phospholipid scramblases that facilitate rapid, bidirectional movement of phospholipids across a membrane bilayer in an ATP-independent manner. On reconstitution into large unilamellar vesicles, these proteins scramble more than 10,000 lipids/protein/s as measured with co-reconstituted fluorescent nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled phospholipids. Although NBD-labeled phospholipids are ubiquitously used as reporters of scramblase activity, it remains unclear whether the NBD modification influence

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Lehmann, A. K., A. Halstensen, I. S. Aaberge, et al. "Human Opsonins Induced during Meningococcal Disease Recognize Outer Membrane Proteins PorA and PorB." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (1999): 2552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2552-2560.1999.

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ABSTRACT Human opsonins directed against specific meningococcal outer membrane structures in sera obtained during meningococcal disease were quantified with a recently developed antigen-specific, opsonin-dependent phagocytosis and oxidative burst assay. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and PorA (class 1) and PorB (class 3) proteins purified from mutants of the same strain (44/76; B:15:P1.7.16) were adsorbed to fluorescent beads, opsonized with acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 40 patients with meningococcal disease, and exposed to human leukocytes. Flow cytometric quantitation of the resul

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Holman, Holly A., Vy M. Tran, Mausam Kalita, et al. "BODIPY-Conjugated Xyloside Primes Fluorescent Glycosaminoglycans in the Inner Ear of Opsanus tau." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17, no. 6 (2016): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-016-0585-5.

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de Kleijn, Bertram J., Gijs T. N. Heldens, Jasmijn M. Herruer, et al. "Intraoperative Imaging Techniques to Improve Surgical Resection Margins of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Literature." Cancers 15, no. 3 (2023): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030896.

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Inadequate resection margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma surgery necessitate adjuvant therapies such as re-resection and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and imply increasing morbidity and worse prognosis. On the other hand, taking larger margins by extending the resection also leads to avoidable increased morbidity. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are often difficult to access; resections are limited by anatomy and functionality and thus carry an increased risk for close or positive margins. Therefore, there is a need to improve intraoperative assessment

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Lehmann, A. K., A. R. Gorringe, K. M. Reddin, K. West, I. Smith, and A. Halstensen. "Human Opsonins Induced during Meningococcal Disease Recognize Transferrin Binding Protein Complexes." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 12 (1999): 6526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.12.6526-6532.1999.

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ABSTRACT Patient serum opsonins against transferrin binding protein A+B (TbpA+B) complexes from two Neisseria meningitidis strains (K454 and B16B6, with 85- and 68-kDa TbpB, respectively) were quantified by a functional phagocytosis and oxidative burst assay. TbpA+B complexes adsorbed to fluorescent beads were opsonized with individual acute and convalescent sera from 40 patients infected by a variety of meningococcal strains. Flow cytometric quantitation of leukocyte phagocytosis products (PP) demonstrated that disease-induced serum opsonins recognized TbpA+B, and the highest anti-TbpA+B seru

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Tam, Beatrice M., Orson L. Moritz, Lawrence B. Hurd, and David S. Papermaster. "Identification of an Outer Segment Targeting Signal in the Cooh Terminus of Rhodopsin Using Transgenic Xenopus laevis." Journal of Cell Biology 151, no. 7 (2000): 1369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.7.1369.

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Mislocalization of the photopigment rhodopsin may be involved in the pathology of certain inherited retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we have elucidated rhodopsin's targeting signal which is responsible for its polarized distribution to the rod outer segment (ROS). Various green fluorescent protein (GFP)/rhodopsin COOH-terminal fusion proteins were expressed specifically in the major red rod photoreceptors of transgenic Xenopus laevis under the control of the Xenopus opsin promoter. The fusion proteins were targeted to membranes via lipid modifications (palmitoylation and myristoylation) as

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Kennedy, Breandán N., Thomas S. Vihtelic, Lisa Checkley, Kevin T. Vaughan, and David R. Hyde. "Isolation of a Zebrafish Rod Opsin Promoter to Generate a Transgenic Zebrafish Line Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in Rod Photoreceptors." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 17 (2001): 14037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m010490200.

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Comar, William D., Sarah M. Schubert, Beata Jastrzebska, Krzysztof Palczewski, and Adam W. Smith. "Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Measures Clustering and Mobility of a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Opsin in Live Cell Membranes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 23 (2014): 8342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja501948w.

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Dewitt, Sharon, та Maurice B. Hallett. "Cytosolic free Ca2+ changes and calpain activation are required for β integrin–accelerated phagocytosis by human neutrophils". Journal of Cell Biology 159, № 1 (2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200206089.

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Phagocytosis of microbes coated with opsonins such as the complement component C3bi is the key activity of neutrophils. However, the mechanism by which opsonins enhance the rate of phagocytosis by these cells is unknown and has been difficult to study, partly because of the problem of observing and quantifying the events associated with phagocytosis. In this study, C3bi-opsonized particles were presented to neutrophils with a micromanipulator, so that the events of binding, pseudopod cup formation, engulfment, and completion of phagocytosis were clearly defined and distinguished from those inv

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Thwaits, Richard N., and Soloman Kadis. "Purification of surface-exposed integral outer membrane proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and their role in opsonophagocytosis." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 9 (1993): 1462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.09.1462.

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Summary Previously identified 39-, 50-, and 76-kd integral outer membrane proteins (iomp) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a respiratory tract pathogen, were separated by electroelution of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-obtained fragments and their role in opsonophagocytosis by porcine leukocytes was investigated by flow cytometry of fluorescein-labeled A pleuropneumoniae. Using specific antisera, immunoblot analysis indicated that the 3 proteins were antigenically distinct. Antibodies against each iomp have an important role as opsonins for phagocytosis by porcin

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de Busserolles, Fanny, Nathan S. Hart, David M. Hunt, et al. "Spectral Tuning in the Eyes of Deep-Sea Lanternfishes (Myctophidae): A Novel Sexually Dimorphic Intra-Ocular Filter." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 85, no. 2 (2015): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371652.

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Deep-sea fishes possess several adaptations to facilitate vision where light detection is pushed to its limit. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae), one of the world's most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes, possess a novel and unique visual specialisation, a sexually dimorphic photostable yellow pigmentation, constituting the first record of a visual sexual dimorphism in any non-primate vertebrate. The topographic distribution of the yellow pigmentation across the retina is species specific, varying in location, shape and size. Spectrophotometric analyses reveal that this new retinal specialisatio

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BICKELMANN, CONSTANZE, JAMES M. MORROW, JOHANNES MÜLLER, and BELINDA S. W. CHANG. "Functional characterization of the rod visual pigment of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a basal mammal." Visual Neuroscience 29, no. 4-5 (2012): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523812000223.

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AbstractMonotremes are the most basal egg-laying mammals comprised of two extant genera, which are largely nocturnal. Visual pigments, the first step in the sensory transduction cascade in photoreceptors of the eye, have been examined in a variety of vertebrates, but little work has been done to study the rhodopsin of monotremes. We isolated the rhodopsin gene of the nocturnal short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) and expressed and functionally characterized the protein in vitro. Three mutants were also expressed and characterized: N83D, an important site for spectral tuning and metarh

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Andreasen, Claire B., James R. Andreasen, Anita E. Sonn, and Julie A. Oughton. "Comparison of the Effect of Different Opsonins on the Phagocytosis of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria by Chicken Heterophils." Avian Diseases 40, no. 4 (1996): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592297.

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Grabner, R., and W. Meerbach. "Phagocytosis of surfactant by alveolar macrophages in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 261, no. 6 (1991): L472—L477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1991.261.6.l472.

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Because of their localization and function as phagocytes, alveolar macrophages could take part in the catabolism of surfactant, including surfactants used for treatment. Conditions of the ingestion of the surfactant preparation AWD 56-02 by alveolar macrophages in vitro are described in this paper. The surfactant was labeled with rhodaminyl phosphatidylethanolamine and incubated with alveolar macrophages lavaged from rat lungs. Membrane binding and phagocytosis were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and quantified fluorimetrically after extraction of the dye. The surfactant was phagocytosed

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Al-Busaidi, Hamed, Md Karim, Syafiq Abidin, Kyi Tha, and Ezharul Chowdhury. "Magnesium Fluoride Forms Unique Protein Corona for Efficient Delivery of Doxorubicin into Breast Cancer Cells." Toxics 7, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7010010.

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Background: The efficacy of chemotherapy is undermined by adverse side effects and chemoresistance of target tissues. Developing a drug delivery system can reduce off-target side effects and increase the efficacy of drugs by increasing their accumulation in target tissues. Inorganic salts have several advantages over other drug delivery vectors in that they are non-carcinogenic and less immunogenic than viral vectors and have a higher loading capacity and better controlled release than lipid and polymer vectors. Methods: MgF2 crystals were fabricated by mixing 20 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM NaF and inc

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Ndode-Ekane, Xavier Ekolle, Maria del Mar Puigferrat Pérez, Rossella Di Sapia, Niina Lapinlampi, and Asla Pitkänen. "Reorganization of Thalamic Inputs to Lesioned Cortex Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126329.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts thalamic and cortical integrity. The effect of post-injury reorganization and plasticity in thalamocortical pathways on the functional outcome remains unclear. We evaluated whether TBI causes structural changes in the thalamocortical axonal projection terminals in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) that lead to hyperexcitability. TBI was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats with lateral fluid-percussion injury. A virus carrying the fluorescent-tagged opsin channel rhodopsin 2 transgene was injected into the ventroposterior thalamus. We then traced

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Schott, A., J. Baik, S. Chung, and F. Weber. "0071 A Medullary Circuit Controlling REM Sleep." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.069.

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Abstract Introduction Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct brain state known for its association with vivid dreaming in humans, though it is also crucial for other mental processes such as memory consolidation and emotion regulation. REM sleep is punctuated by phasic neurophysiological events known as pontine (P)-waves, which are thought to contribute to the cognitive functions of REM sleep. However, little is known about the neural circuits regulating these P-waves, or those responsible for initiating REM sleep itself. Here, we show that a yet unstudied population of medullary neurons

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Perry, S. F., and P. J. Walsh. "Metabolism of isolated fish gill cells: contribution of epithelial chloride cells." Journal of Experimental Biology 144, no. 1 (1989): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.144.1.507.

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Gill cell suspensions from freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-adapted teleosts were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. The proportion of chloride cells (CCs) in the mixed cell suspensions was estimated using the fluorescent mitochondrial stain, DASPMEI, and ranged from less than 1% (FW-adapted tilapia) to approximately 13% (SW-adapted toadfish). The gill cells displayed relatively high viability based on Trypan Blue exclusion (greater than 75%), lactate dehydrogenase leakage (less than 6.5% h-1), oxygen consumption rates (5–15 mumol g-1 cell wet mass h-1) and ATP levels (1–3 mumol g-

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Islam, Rowshan Ara, Hamed Al-Busaidi, Rahela Zaman, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Iekhsan Othman, and Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury. "Carbonate Apatite and Hydroxyapatite Formulated with Minimal Ingredients to Deliver SiRNA into Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 3 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11030063.

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Introduction: Cancer is one of the top-ranked noncommunicable diseases causing deaths to nine million people and affecting almost double worldwide in 2018. Tremendous advancement in surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted immunotherapy have improved the rate of cure and disease-free survival. As genetic mutations vary in different cancers, potential of customized treatment to silence the problem gene/s at the translational level is being explored too. Yet delivering therapeutics at the required dosage only to the affected cells without affecting the healthy ones, is a big hurdle to be ov

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Sun, Haimin, Xinlei Chen, Jiang Zhu, Zhu Chen, and Saijuan Chen. "Palladin Regulates Receptor Clustering and Actin Dynamics in Phagocytosis." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2505.2505.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Palladin is an actin microfilament associated protein, which together with myotilin and myopalladin form a novel cytoskeletal IgC2 domain protein family. However, little is known about the function of Palladin in myeloid cells. Here, we focus on the function of Palladin in phagocytosis. METHODS: We used ATRA induced differentiated NB4 cells as neutrophil-like cells, and lenti-viruses were used to build cell lines with palladin or ocrl knockdown and VAMP3-mcherry overexpression. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the phagocytic ability under condition

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Cogle, Christopher R., Guillermo Garcia-Manero, David L. Grinblatt, et al. "Factors Associated with Early Therapy Initiation in Patients (pts) with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) in the Connect® MDS/AML Disease Registry." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111145.

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Abstract Introduction: In prior studies, only 13-22% of lower-risk (LR) MDS pts and 11-69% of higher-risk (HR) MDS pts received potentially disease-modifying therapy despite the proven benefits of reduced blood transfusions and prolonged survival. Pt age, frailty, and comorbidities are commonly assumed to influence therapy choice; however, this has not been proven and other factors may govern treatment (tx) decisions. To identify factors associated with receiving first-line tx for MDS, health services data from the Connect® MDS/AML Registry, which includes MDS pts treated in US academic, commu

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Stroh, A., and I. Diester. "Optogenetics: a new method for the causal analysis of neuronal networks in vivo." e-Neuroforum 18, no. 4 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13295-012-0035-8.

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AbstractThe causal analysis of neuronal network function requires selective manipulations of genetically defined neuronal subpopulations in the intact living brain. Here, we highlight the method of optogenetics, which meets those needs. We cover methodological aspects, limitations, and practical applications in the field of neurosciences. The fundamentals of optogenetics are light-sensitive transmembrane channels and light-driven ion pumps, which can be genetically encoded, without requiring the application of exogenous cofactors. These opsins are expressed in neurons by means of viral gene

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Zhou, Yang, Meiqi Ding, Georg Nagel, Kai R. Konrad, and Shiqiang Gao. "Advances and prospects of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in plant research." Plant Physiology, August 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab338.

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Abstract Microbial rhodopsins have advanced optogenetics since the discovery of channelrhodopsins almost two decades ago. During this time an abundance of microbial rhodopsins has been discovered, engineered, and improved for studies in neuroscience and other animal research fields. Optogenetic applications in plant research, however, lagged largely behind. Starting with light-regulated gene expression, optogenetics has slowly expanded into plant research. The recently established all-trans retinal production in plants now enables the use of many microbial opsins, bringing extra opportunities

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Richardson, Rachael T., Alex C. Thompson, Andrew K. Wise, et al. "Viral-mediated transduction of auditory neurons with opsins for optical and hybrid activation." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90764-9.

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AbstractOptical stimulation is a paradigm-shifting approach to modulating neural activity that has the potential to overcome the issue of current spread that occurs with electrical stimulation by providing focused stimuli. But optical stimulation either requires high power infrared light or genetic modification of neurons to make them responsive to lower power visible light. This work examines optical activation of auditory neurons following optogenetic modification via AAV injection in two species (mouse and guinea pig). An Anc80 viral vector was used to express the channelrhodopsin variant C

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Kilaru, Sreedhar, Elena Fantozzi, Stuart Cannon, et al. "Zymoseptoria tritici white-collar complex integrates light, temperature and plant cues to initiate dimorphism and pathogenesis." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33183-2.

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AbstractTransitioning from spores to hyphae is pivotal to host invasion by the plant pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. This dimorphic switch can be initiated by high temperature in vitro (~27 °C); however, such a condition may induce cellular heat stress, questioning its relevance to field infections. Here, we study the regulation of the dimorphic switch by temperature and other factors. Climate data from wheat-growing areas indicate that the pathogen sporadically experiences high temperatures such as 27 °C during summer months. However, using a fluorescent dimorphic switch reporter (FDR

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Agmon, Ariel, and Alison L. Barth. "A brief history of somatostatin interneuron taxonomy or: how many somatostatin subtypes are there, really?" Frontiers in Neural Circuits 18 (July 17, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2024.1436915.

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We provide a brief (and unabashedly biased) overview of the pre-transcriptomic history of somatostatin interneuron taxonomy, followed by a chronological summary of the large-scale, NIH-supported effort over the last ten years to generate a comprehensive, single-cell RNA-seq-based taxonomy of cortical neurons. Focusing on somatostatin interneurons, we present the perspective of experimental neuroscientists trying to incorporate the new classification schemes into their own research while struggling to keep up with the ever-increasing number of proposed cell types, which seems to double every tw

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Farre, Ashley A., Chi Sun, Margaret R. Starostik, et al. "Long wavelength-sensing cones of zebrafish retina exhibit multiple layers of transcriptional heterogeneity." Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 17 (July 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1214084.

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IntroductionUnderstanding how photoreceptor genes are regulated is important for investigating retinal development and disease. While much is known about gene regulation in cones, the mechanism by which tandemly-replicated opsins, such as human long wavelength-sensitive and middle wavelength-sensitive opsins, are differentially regulated remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to further our understanding of transcriptional heterogeneity in cones that express tandemly-replicated opsins and the regulation of such differential expression using zebrafish, which express the tandemly-replicated op

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Cheney, Karen L., Jemma Hudson, Fanny de Busserolles, et al. "Seeing Picasso: an investigation into the visual system of the triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus." Journal of Experimental Biology 225, no. 7 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243907.

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ABSTRACT Vision is used by animals to find food and mates, avoid predators, defend resources and navigate through complex habitats. Behavioural experiments are essential for understanding animals' perception but are often challenging and time-consuming; therefore, using species that can be trained easily for complex tasks is advantageous. Picasso triggerfish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus, have been used in many behavioural studies investigating vision and navigation. However, little is known about the molecular and anatomical basis of their visual system. We addressed this knowledge gap here and beh

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Farre, Ashley A., Preston Thomas, Johnson Huang, Rachel A. Poulsen, Emmanuel Owusu Poku, and Deborah L. Stenkamp. "Plasticity of cone photoreceptors in adult zebrafish revealed by thyroid hormone exposure." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42686-x.

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AbstractVertebrate color vision is predominantly mediated by the presence of multiple cone photoreceptor subtypes that are each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths of light. Thyroid hormone (TH) has been shown to be essential in the spatiotemporal patterning of cone subtypes in many species, including cone subtypes that express opsins that are encoded by tandemly replicated genes. TH has been shown to differentially regulate the tandemly replicated lws opsin genes in zebrafish, and exogenous treatments alter the expression levels of these genes in larvae and juveniles. In this study,

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Lesas, Jérémy, Thomas C. M. Bienvenu, Eleonore Kurek, et al. "Dye‐Based Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles, New Promising Tools for Optogenetics." Advanced Healthcare Materials, September 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202402132.

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AbstractDye‐based fluorescent organic nanoparticles are a specific class of nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation in water of pure dyes only. While the photophysical and colloidal properties of the nanoparticles strongly depend on the nature of the aggregated dyes, their excellent brightness in the visible and in the near infrared make these nanoparticles a unique and versatile platform for in vivo application. This article examines the promising utilization of these nanoparticles for in vivo optogenetics applications. Their photophysical properties as well as their biocompatibility and

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McLeod, Faye, Elaine McDermott, Shermin Mak, et al. "AAV8 vector induced gliosis following neuronal transgene expression." Frontiers in Neuroscience 18 (February 29, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1287228.

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IntroductionExpression of light sensitive ion channels by selected neurons has been achieved by viral mediated transduction with gene constructs, but for this to have therapeutic uses, for instance in treating epilepsy, any adverse effects of viral infection on the cerebral cortex needs to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the impact of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) carrying DNA code for a soma targeting light activated chloride channel/FusionRed (FR) construct under the CKIIa promoter.MethodsViral constructs were harvested from transfected HEK293 cells in vitro and purified. To test functiona

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Khelashvili, George, Anoop Narayana Pillai, Joon Lee, et al. "Unusual mode of dimerization of retinitis pigmentosa-associated F220C rhodopsin." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90039-3.

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AbstractMutations in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a blinding disease. Rhodopsin self-associates in the membrane, and the purified monomeric apo-protein opsin dimerizes in vitro as it transitions from detergent micelles to reconstitute into a lipid bilayer. We previously reported that the retinitis pigmentosa-linked F220C opsin mutant fails to dimerize in vitro, reconstituting as a monomer. Using fluorescence-based assays and molecular dynamics simulations we now report that whereas wild-type and F220C opsin displ

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Yang, Jinglei, Li Yang, Rongfang Chen, et al. "A role of color vision in emmetropization in C57BL/6J mice." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71806-0.

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Abstract Spectral composition affects emmetropization in both humans and animal models. Because color vision interacts the effects of chromatic defocus, we developed a method to bypass the effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration by placing a spectral filter behind the optics of the eye, using genetic tools. Newborn C57BL/6J (B6) mice were reared in quasi-monochromatic red (410–510 nm) or blue (585–660 nm) light beginning before eye-opening. Refractive states and ocular dimensions were compared at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks with mice reared in normal white light. Cre recombinase-dependent Ai9 r

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Venturini, Giulia, Despina Kokona, Beatrice L. Steiner, et al. "In vivo analysis of onset and progression of retinal degeneration in the Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mouse model of enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98271-7.

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AbstractThe photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 is not expressed in Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mice, a mouse model of the recessively inherited retinal degeneration enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS). We characterized in detail C57BL/6J Nr2e3rd7/rd7 mice in vivo by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography and, post mortem, by histology and immunohistochemistry. White retinal spots and so-called ‘rosettes’ first appear at postnatal day (P) 12 in the dorsal retina and reach maximal expansion at P21. The highest density in ‘rosettes’ is observed within a r

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