Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluorescent whitening agents

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fluorescent whitening agents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fluorescent whitening agents.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Fluorescent whitening agents"

1

Siegrlst, A. E., H. Hefti, H. R. Meyer, and E. Schmidt. "Fluorescent whitening agents 1973-1985." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 17, no. 1 (2008): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1987.tb03750.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Findley, William R. "Fluorescent whitening agents for modern detergents." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 65, no. 4 (1988): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02540700.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zhao, Shu Yan, and Phil Green. "Wavelength-Dependence of Exposure-Induced Fluorescent Fading." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.337.

Full text

Abstract:

Fluorescent whitening agents are widely used to increase the brightness and whiteness of printing paper. The fluorescence of these whitening agents is known to fall as a result of exposure to light, and the magnitude of the change has been documented in both accelerated fading tests and in exposure under more typical viewing conditions. In this study we exposed prints on optically brightened papers to narrow-band radiation at 350 nanometres, using a double monochromator. The change in spectral reflectance was found.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

El-Hossini Salem, Abd El-Latief, and M. Bedeawy. "Synthesis of New Fluorescent Whitening Agents.(Dept.T)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.177201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Poiger, Thomas, Jennifer A. Field, Thomas M. Field, Hansruedi Siegrist, and Walter Giger. "Behavior of fluorescent whitening agents during sewage treatment." Water Research 32, no. 6 (1998): 1939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00408-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Canonica, Silvio, Johannes B. Kramer, Daniel Reiss, and Hansruedi Gygax. "Photoisomerization Kinetics of Stilbene-Type Fluorescent Whitening Agents." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 6 (1997): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960748a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lee, Frank. "Fluorescent whitening agents in heavy duty liquid detergents." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 50, no. 3 (2007): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280500303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Davidson, R. Stephen, Doreen King, David M. Lewis, and Stuart K. R. Jones. "The Photostability of Fluorescent Whitening Agents on Wool." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 101, no. 9 (2008): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1985.tb01035.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Liu, Yun, Guangxun Guo, Jun Zhang, and Yu E. Sun. "Synthesis and application of polymeric fluorescent whitening agents." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 4, no. 2 (2001): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-001-0168-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yongjia, Shen, and Ren Shengwu. "Synergism with binary mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents." Dyes and Pigments 15, no. 3 (1991): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7208(91)80003-r.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluorescent whitening agents"

1

Aman, Zaeem. "Efficiency of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Pigment Coatings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14976.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to study the addition of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) for efficient use on pigment coating of paper substrates with low grammage and the goal was to achieve high optical response by using low amount of FWAs. A commercial light-weight coated (LWC) paper grade was provided by Stora Enso Corbehem Mill and isotropic laboratory sheets were produced at Stora Enso Research Centre using PFI sheet former. Optical properties such as brightness, whiteness and L, a* and b* colour space values were evaluated using Minolta spectrophotometer with D65 illuminant for both types of substrate using different types and amounts of FWA while the effect of the addition of dye was evaluated in both isotropic sheets and as well as in the coating. The results showed that brightness and whiteness of double-coated paper increased by increasing the amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the coating layer. Also, higher brightness and whiteness was achieved by introducing a higher amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the top coating rather than in a pre-coating. The addition of a shading colorant in the paper substrate had a positive influence not only on the brightness but also on the whiteness of coated paper.<br>Syftet med denna studie var att studera tillsatsen av fluorescerande vitmedel (FWA) för att effektivisera användningen i pigmentbestrykning av papper med låg ytvikt. Målet var att nå en hög optisk respons men ändå använda en låg mängd FWA. Ett kommersiellt LWC-papper erhölls från Stora Enso, Corbehems pappersbruk, och isotropa laboratorieark tillverkades med PFI-arkformerare på Stora Enso Research Centre. Optiska egenskaper, såsom ljushet, vithet och färgrymd (L, a* och b* värden), hos samtliga prover med varierande mängd och typ av FWA uppmättes med hjälp av en Minolta spektrofotometer med D65 ljuskälla. Effekten av färgnyanstillsats utvärderades både hos handgjorda ark och hos bestrykningslager. Resultaten visade att både ljushet och vithet hos dubbelbestrukna ark ökade med ökad mängd FWA i bestrykningslagren. Högre ljushet och vithet nåddes också när FWA placerades i toppbestrykningen. Tillsats av nyanseringsfärg i papperssubstratet ökade både ljushet och vithet hos de bestrukna arken.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Liu, Jian. "Encapsulation of fluorescent whitening agents by cyclodextrins and their application." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358719.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Campbell, J. "The fate of fluorescent whitening agents in the aquatic environment." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1990. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-fate-of-fluorescent-whitening-agents-in-the-aquatic-environment(4566785a-529e-4e59-873c-757b7aa19a23).html.

Full text

Abstract:

The commercial use of fluorescent whitening agents (FWA' s) in products such as soaps and detergents has resulted in the presence of these compounds in domestic waste waters. A model compound (A) (a possible initial degradation product of a stilbene-s-triazine type FWA) was synthesised and biodegradation studies carried out on this compound in filtered activated sludge solution. During the test period (approximately 6 months) no degradation products were observed. Prior to undertaking biodegradation studies on a purified commercial stilbene-s-triazine FWA, Blankophor REU-P, a method was sought to determine its concentration in aqueous solution. Using ultraviolet absorbance measurements the concentration of the Blankophor could be determined in distilled water. However, this method was unsuitable when the Blankophor was dissolved in filtered activated sludge solution. Attempts to extract the Blankophor from filtered activated sludge solution using solvent extraction and ion-exchange resins were unsuccessful. Using computer modelling (SIMCA), combined with ultraviolet absorbance measurements, it was possible to determine the concentration of the Blankophor in filtered activated sludge solution. Biodegradation studies were undertaken with the Blankophor using this method to monitor the Blankophor concentration. During the test period (six days) the Blankophor concentration fell from 1Oppm to approximately 5. 5ppm. It was possible to deduce that the Blankophor was not being absorbed onto the solid material of the activated sludge and that it had been metabolised and/or isomerised. Two ion-pairing agents, tetraphenyl arsoniurn chloride and oly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)-ethylene(diethylimino)-ethylene] were examined to try to separate the Blankophor and the metabolites and/or isomers from the filtered activated sludge solution but no successful separation was achieved. Thin layer chromatography was examined briefly but again with no success. Photolysis experiments were undertaken with the Blankophor in distilled water. The concentration of the Blankophor fell from 1Oppm to approximately 7. 5ppm and its ultraviolet spectrum changed shape. This, coupled with the fact that the control spectra remained unaltered, indicated that the Blankophor had undergone photolytic conversion to metabolites and/or isomers. Although it is clear that FWA' s are fairly stable compounds which are slow to bio- and photo-degrade and that their toxicity to man, both directly and by bio-accumulationis is minimal little is still known about the toxicity of possible degradation products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Poiger, Thomas. "Behavior and fate of detergent-derived fluorescent whitening agents in sewage treatment /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

GAY, JENNIFER KATHRIN. "METROLOGICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATION CONTROL OF WHITE SAMPLES TREATED WITH FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5074@1.

Full text

Abstract:

FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOS<br>MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA<br>A avaliação de artigos brancos tratados com alvejantes ópticos, como eles são comuns em substratos têxteis, plásticos e de papel, é uma tarefa que tradicionalmente resulta em muitas divergências entre avaliações visuais realizadas em uma cabine padronizada e avaliações instrumentais realizadas com espectrofotômetros de refletância. Mesmo entre as avaliações visuais ou entre as avaliações instrumentais são encontradas diferenças muito além do aceitável. Uma das principais causas é a fluorescência dos alvejantes ópticos que é influenciada pela quantidade de radiação UV em relação com a radiação na faixa visível do espectro. O trabalho apresentado analisa as diferentes formas de avaliação, principalmente do ponto de vista da qualidade da distribuição espectral de potência do simulador de luz do dia. No caso das avaliações visuais, são testadas diferentes lâmpadas fluorescentes. Para as avaliações instrumentais, a calibração e o ajuste de UV em conjunto com as diferentes aberturas de medição são analisados. O objetivo é aprimorar os aspectos metrológicos da avaliação e contribuir para a sua padronização a fim de garantir a maior reprodutibilidade de resultados, um procedimento importante e almejado por todos os segmentos industriais que utilizam os alvejantes ópticos.<br>The evaluation of white objects treated with fluorescent whitening agents, such as they are commonly found on substrates like textiles, plastics and paper, is a task that traditionally leads to frequent controversy between the visual evaluations performed in a standardized light booth and the instrumental evaluations performed on reflectance spectrophotometers. Even between visual or instrumental evaluations the differences encountered are far beyond the acceptable. One of the main reasons is the fluorescence of the optical brightening agents that is influenced by the amount of UV radiation in relation to the amount of radiation in the visible range of the spectrum. The work presented analyses the different forms of evaluation, mainly from the point of view of the quality of the daylight simulators´ spectral power distribution. In the case of the visual evaluations, different fluorescent lamps are tested. For the instrumental evaluations, the UV calibration and adjustment are analyzed together with the different measurement apertures. The objective is to improve the metrological aspects of the evaluation and contribute to its standardization with the aim to guarantee better reproducibility of results, an important procedure that is desired by all the industrial segments that use optical brighteners.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dixon, Laura Kellie. "Tracing Anthropogenic Wastes: Detection of Fluorescent Optical Brighteners in a Gradient of Natural Organic Matter Fluorescence." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3815.

Full text

Abstract:

A dual wavelength method was developed for the field detection of optical brighteners (OBs), fluorescent laundry additives used as indicators of anthropogenic wastes. The method was quantitative for OBs under variable levels of fluorescent colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Based on excitation at 300-400 nm and 440 and 550 nm emission, the method assumed a constant ratio of fluorescence due to CDOM alone, even if absolute amplitude varied. Concentrations of OBs were computed as the difference between the observed 440 nm emission and the expected CDOM fluorescence at 440 nm, as extrapolated from the 550 nm fluorescence and established CDOM fluorescence ratio. Real-time inner filter corrections were based on absorption modeled from 550 nm fluorescence and from exponential relationships at alternate wavelengths. The effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on CDOM fluorescence and computed OB were quantified but were minimal because effects were comparable between the two fluorescence regions. Assumptions on the locally conservative behavior of CDOM were supported in field surveys of sewered and non-sewered areas. Varying water masses were detected, but OB quantities were detected that did not co-vary with fluorescence alone. Eleven geographic regions of peninsular Florida and sources of OBs were sampled to evaluate the method under a broader range of CDOM and to conduct an extensive detergent spike analysis. Fluorescence data were collected as EEMs and subjected to PARAFAC modeling, isolating eight spectral factors that could sufficiently describe all samples. There were no visible regions of the spectra that were unique to detergents or OBs, but a previously unreported peak in the UV (<230 / 284 ex / em) was tentatively identified as a detergent surfactant and should be pursued as a potential complementary indicator of anthropogenic wastes. Limits on EEM fluorescence measurements were identified: maximum linear range, maximum turbidity, and sensitivity to assumptions. A sub-sampling technique of EEM data approximated the filter fluorometer readings, was used to optimize the dual wavelength method, validated the method with spike recoveries, and presented alternative approaches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Chen, Ye. "Measurement of white colour containing fluorescent whitening agent." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713487.

Full text

Abstract:

Various experiments have been conducted to investigate the influence of fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) on aspects of colour evaluation. Large amount of samples were prepared by direct dyeing with various concentration of colorant dyes as well as FWA. These dyed samples, together with high-FWA-content samples provided by third party, were used as stimuli in instrumental measurement by spectrophotometer and tele-spectroradiometer as well as in psychophysical experiment. The influence of FWA on instrumental illumination variation, calibration methods' performance, calibration standards' performance are studied. It was found that there is no significant relationship between the material of measured target and calibration standard. It is also found that spectrophotometers agrees well if the UV content in illumination is properly calibrated. A practical design of viewing cabinet with improved quality in UV range was proposed. The additional calibrated UV lamp significantly improved the fluorescent daylight lamps performance in term of metamerism index. Such improvement in UV enabled common viewing cabinets be upgraded to cater the need of visual assessment involving FWA. Three pairs of metameric samples were developed which matched under illumination with certain UV component while mismatched under illumination with other UV conditions. These metameric pairs were developed as UV Visual Aid which could be used as practical checker to visualize the UV quality in light conditions. Psychophysical experiment with category-judgment method was conducted to investigate the preferred white of human. Mean-category-value and ellipsoid fitting were used to find the resulting preferred white colour. There were significant amount of samples which were not within the Tint limit of CIE Whiteness index but were categorized by observers as acceptable white. This indicated the possible need of expanding the Tint limit of CIE Whiteness. Psychophysical experiment with magnitude estimation method was conducted to evaluate the prediction of visual whiteness by various whiteness formulae. CIE Whiteness index had the best agreement between instrumental prediction and visual perception, outperforming Uchida and C/V Whiteness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gustafsson, Coppel Ludovic. "Whiteness and Fluorescence in Paper : Perception and Optical Modelling." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-12143.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is about modelling and predicting the perceived whiteness of plain paper from the paper composition, including fluorescent whitening agents. This includes psycho-physical modelling of perceived whiteness from measurable light reflectance properties, and physical modelling of light scattering and fluorescence from the paper composition. Existing models are first tested and improvements are suggested and evaluated. The standardised and widely used CIE whiteness equation is first tested on commercial office papers with visual evaluations by different panels of observers, and improved models are validated. Simultaneous contrast effects, known to affect the appearance of coloured surfaces depending on the surrounding colour, are shown to significantly affect the perceived whiteness. A colour appearance model including simultaneous contrast effects (CIECAM02-m2), earlier tested on coloured surfaces, is successfully applied to perceived whiteness. A recently proposed extension of the Kubelka-Munk light scattering model including fluorescence for turbid media of finite thickness is successfully tested for the first time on real papers. It is shown that the linear CIE whiteness equation fails to predict the perceived whiteness of highly white papers with distinct bluish tint. This equation is applicable only in a defined region of the colour space, a condition that is shown to be not fulfilled by many commercial office papers, although they appear white to most observers. The proposed non-linear whiteness equations give to these papers a whiteness value that correlates with their perceived whiteness, while application of the CIE whiteness equation outside its region of validity overestimates perceived whiteness. It is shown that the quantum efficiency of two different fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) in plain paper is rather constant with FWA type, FWA concentration, filler content, and fibre type. Hence, the fluorescence efficiency is essentially dependent only on the ability of the FWA to absorb light in its absorption band. Increased FWA concentration leads accordingly to increased whiteness. However, since FWA absorbs light in the violet-blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the reflectance factor decreases in that region with increasing FWA amount. This violet-blue absorption tends to give a greener shade to the paper and explains most of the observed greening and whiteness saturation at larger FWA concentrations. A red-ward shift of the quantum efficiency is observed with increasing FWA concentration, but this is shown to have a negligible effect on the whiteness value. The results are directly applicable to industrial applications for better instrumental measurement of whiteness and thereby optimising the use of FWA with the goal to improve the perceived whiteness. In addition, a modular Monte Carlo simulation tool, Open PaperOpt, is developed to allow future spatial- and angle-resolved particle level light scattering simulation.<br>PaperOpt

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chi-po-wen and 紀博文. "The study of fluorescent whitening agents in liquid." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49821050595218995859.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>纖維及高分子工程系<br>90<br>Abstract This research of bis (triazylamine) stilbene disulfonic acid and cellulose that induce of the fluorescent whitening agents In list test we try to make the high concentration and dense liquid the stability of dilution of its aqueous solution in different dissolvent. From this experiment, we could prove the property of “like of like dissol -ves” , and added solvents for long-term preserve in this result, the fluorescent were satisfactory to whiten Cellulose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yung-shi, Lin, and 林永錫. "The Synthesis and Research of Anti-acid Fluorescent Whitening Agents." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20178564517663272039.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>纖維及高分子工程系<br>90<br>Bis (triazinyl) aminostilbene derivatives of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) had been synthesized which was in order to research their anti-acid properties. The condensation was prepared by Cyanuric Chloride(CC) and the amino groups in pH=1~3. After that, condensing 4,4’-Diamino stilbene-2,2’-disulpHonic acid (DAS) and the other organic functions. These compounds were aimed at fluorescent absorption and luminescence. The products were used by cellulose padding between pH3 and pH6. As the result of ACS measurement, their CIE Lab data proved the fluorescent brightening agents were satisfactory at cotton fabrics and gave excellent results in acid spotting fastness and wash fastness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Fluorescent whitening agents"

1

Kramer, J. B. "Fluorescent Whitening Agents." In Detergents. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47108-0_13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Murray, S. G. "Dyes and fluorescent whitening agents for paper." In Paper Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6474-0_9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Murray, S. G. "Dyes and fluorescent whitening agents for paper." In Paper Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0605-4_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Colling, F. "The use and mis-use of dyestuffs and fluorescent whitening agents." In Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0756-5_8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Stoll, Jean-Marc A., Thomas F. Poiger, André F. Lotter, Michael Sturm, and Walter Giger. "Fluorescent Whitening Agents as Molecular Markers for Domestic Wastewater in Recent Sediments of Greifensee, Switzerland." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gip, L. "Differential Staining of Fungi in Clinical Specimens Using Fluorescent Whitening Agent." In Advances in Topical Antifungal Therapy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71717-8_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wang, Hui, Xianrui Zhang, Yuanmin Wang, Beiqing Huang, and Xianfu Wei. "Research on Analytical Method of Migratable Fluorescent Whitening Agent in Paper Products." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1864-5_80.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kaschig, Juergen, Monika Schaumann, and Bernard Schultz. "The Photochemistry of Fluorescent Whitening Agents." In Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Detergents. AOCS Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439822142.ch27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

"Chemistry, Production, and Application of Fluorescent Whitening Agents." In Handbook of Detergents, Part F. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420014655-35.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ann Wilzer, Karla, and Andress Kirsty Johnson. "Chemistry, Production, and Application of Fluorescent Whitening Agents." In Surfactant Science. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420014655.ch28.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Fluorescent whitening agents"

1

Andersson, Mattias, and Ole Norberg. "Color measurements on prints containing fluorescent whitening agents." In Electronic Imaging 2007, edited by Reiner Eschbach and Gabriel G. Marcu. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.704196.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!