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Ritwik, P., JD Aubel, X. Xu, Y. Fan, and J. Hagan. "Evaluation of Short Term Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.3.q304488478w52334.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of fluoride release from fluoride varnishes over a 48-hour period and ascertain the time at which a plateau occurred. This data provides clinically relevant time points to resume tooth brushing after fluoride varnish application. Study design: Four commercially available fluoride varnishes, Premier Enamel ProVarnish (EP), Colgate PreviDent (CP), Omni Vanish (OV) and Omni VanishXT (OVXT) were applied on 40 extracted permanent human teeth. Ten teeth served as controls. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. At 1,2,4,8,12,24 and 48 hours, the teeth were sequentially transferred to new vials. TISAB III and ion selective electrode was used to measure fluoride release. Statistical tools were used to compare the rates of fluoride release and plateau of fluoride release. Results: CP, EP and OV showed a plateau of fluoride release after 4 hours. OVXT did not show a significant change in fluoride release at any time point. EP had the highest fluoride release in the first 8 hours. Conclusions: CP, EP and OV released maximum rate of fluoride release in the first 4 hours whereas OVXT did not have a plateau. The studied varnishes released different concentrations of fluoride despite the fact that they all contained 5% sodium fluoride.
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Apostolovic, Mirjana, Biljana Kalicanin, Marija Igic, Olivera Trickovic-Janjic, Dusan Surdilovic, Ljiljana Kostadinovic, Branislava Stojkovic, and Dragan Velimirovic. "Migration of fluoride ions from the permanent teeth into saliva in children with glass ionomer cement restorations: An in vitro study." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 3 (2013): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1303279a.
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Bacground/Aim. Glass ionomer cements (GIC) belong to the group of polycarboxyl cements, and one of the principal characteristics of these materials is their anticariogenic potential of fluorine release into saliva and enamel-dentin substance. The aim of this study was to examine the content of released fluorine from GIC restorations (Fuji IX, GC, Japan) of young permanent teeth in the medium of artificial saliva and similar releases in the same medium by the restorations of these teeth treated with a low concentration fluoride solution. Methods. We examined 12 premolars exctracted from orthodontic reasons. The GIC restored teeth were divided into the group treated daily with low concentration fluoride solution (334 ppm) and the control, not treated group. The samples of artificial saliva were analyzed for fluorine ion content using an ion selective electrode. Results. Our comparative analysis of the mean values using the Student?s t-test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in fluorine ion concentration in artificial saliva of fluoridated and non-fluoridated teeth with GIC fillings after 14 and 21 days (p < 0.05), while the difference detected after 7 days was with no statistical significance. Conclusion. The results of this in vitro study indicated that low-concentration fluoride solutions could serve to refluoridate GIC fillings and contribute to an increased fluorine content in saliva. The process of refluoridation of GIC fillings should be advised 2-3 weeks after the restoration, since the release of fluorine from GIC fillings diminishes in time.
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Mystkowska, Joanna. "Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Tetric EvoCeram® - Dental Composite Material." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.807.
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This work presents results of research of fluoride release, microhardness and surface roughness and wear of the Tetric EvoCeram material. Wear tests were carried out by means of special tribotester for tooth analysis and by pin-on-disc tribometer. The wear of composite material and counterface (human enamel) were measured. Finally, investigations showed that fluoride ions from commerce material were slightly released. However, the amount of fluoride ions release was depended on pH and temperature of agent solution. Fluorine emission from composite material changed its surface roughness and microhardness. The using method of wear process influenced on friction coefficient value. During friction process the wear layer on composite surface was formed.
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Mystkowska, Joanna, Grażyna Marczuk-Kolada, Katarzyna Leszczyńska, Jan Ryszard Dąbrowski, and Joanna Karaś. "Fluoride Release and Antibacterial Activity of Self-Made Composite Materials for Dental Fillings." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.801.
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In the paper own prepared materials with addition fluorine sources were evaluated. The aim of the study was to assess the quality and quantity of fluoride source on fluoride ions release from composite materials. Antibacterial activity of analyzed materials in relation to four bacteria was investigated. Fluoride ions release was measured by direct potentiometry method with fluoride ion selective electrode. The measurements were carried out after 1, 4, 7, 14, 30, 60 days of storage in buffer at pH 6.8. The antibacterial activity of the materials was evaluated against standard bacterial strains using the agar diffusion test. Tests show that the highest level of fluoride ions emission was observed for composite with fluoridated glass (material A) on the seventh day of the study. Similar fluoride ions amount was released from material consisted of fluoridated glass and ytterbium fluoride (material C), but not until on the thirtieth day of the study. After 24 hours of composite bonding there was inhibition of bacterial growth by composite C, whereas composite A did not show similar activity. On the eighth day after polymerization, both materials were significantly more active towards two bacteria.
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Ghani, Sarah H. A., Stephen L. Creanor, John K. Luffingham, and Richard H. Foye. "An Ex Vivo Investigation into the Release of Fluoride from Fluoride-containing Orthodontic Bonding Composites." British Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 3 (August 1994): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.21.3.239.
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This study was concerned with an evaluation of fluoride release from commercially available orthodontic bonding composite resins, known as Reliance® and Mirage Dual Cure®, which are claimed to release ionic floride. Forty-eight premolar teeth had brackets bonded with four different composite resins—Mirage Dual Cure®, Reliance®, Right-on® and Heliosit®. They were then immersed in a demineralizing solution. The amount of fluoride released from the composites into the solution was measured. The results indicated that Mirage Dual Curereg; released statistically significant amounts of fluoride over the first 2 days. A similar pattern was noted with Reliance® albeit releasing a lesser amount. From the third day onwards, fluoride release levelled out to concentrations similar to those of the two control materials, Right-on® and Heliosit®(i.e. 0·09 ppm). Fluoride-releasing composite resins, therefore, failed to demonstrate any potential long-term fluoride release within the ex vivo model. Even in the short term, the amount of fluoride released was very small.
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Santos, Rogério Lacerda dos, Matheus Melo Pithon, Júlia Barbosa Pereira Leonardo, Edna Lúcia Couto Oberosler, Delmo Santiago Vaitsman, and Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas. "Orthodontic cements: immediate protection and fluoride release." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 4 (August 2012): e1-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000400010.
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of the authors was to evaluate fluoride release of 3 glass ionomer cements with immediate protection of fluoride varnish (Cavitine, SS White), divided into 3 groups: Group M (Meron, VOCO), Group V (Vidrion C, SS White) and Group KC (Ketac-Cem, 3M ESPE). METHODS: Fluoride release was measured during 60 days by means of an ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. After 4 weeks, the test specimens were exposed to a solution of 0.221% sodium fluoride (1000 ppm of fluoride). RESULTS: Results showed that the cements reached a maximum peak of fluoride release in a period of 24 h. There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of fluoride released after the applications of fluoride among the groups from the 31st to 60th day (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Vidrion C and Meron cements showed better performance to uptake and release fluoride when compared with Ketac-Cem cement.
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Patil, Shruti, Mallikarjun Goud, and Girija Sajjan. "Effect of Short-term Fluoride Release from Various Restorative Cements on Enamel Demineralization: An in vitro Study." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1005.
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ABSTRACT Purpose Fluorides are probably the most commonly used anticaries agents. Due to this property they are incorporated into various restorative materials. The rate and amount of fluoride release, however, vary for different materials, which in turn determines the effectiveness of the restorative material in preventing demineralization around the restoration. To evaluate the fluoride release and area of demineralization of resin modified glass ionomers and compomers, and compare them with conventional glass ionomer cement and also to evaluate the relationship between the fluoride release and demineralization. Materials and methods A total of 32 human incisors were chosen and sectioned horizontally at CEJ, and the middle 2 mm of facial enamel isolated and restored with the test materials: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomer and resin composite. The specimens were observed under polarized light microscope with image analyzer to measure the area and depth of demineralization. For fluoride release study, disks of test materials were suspended in deionized water and fluoride release was measured till a period of 4 days. Results The area and depth of demineralization were least around the GIC, followed by RMGIC, compomer and composite (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between fluoride release and demineralization which was, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion The 4-day fluoride release was also higher for GIC as compared to RMGIC and Compomer.
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Makkai, Zsigmond Lorand, Melinda Szekely, Zita Fazakas, Levente Mester Nagy, Kinga Matyas Barta, and Bernadette Kerekes Mathe. "Fluoride Release and Uptake Capability of Glass-ionomer Cements and Compomers Used as Dental Restorative Materials." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.3.5227.
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Dental caries and secondary caries are the most common problems in dentistry. Many studies provided evidence for the anticariogenic effect of fluorides. The incidence of secondary caries is decreased in teeth restored with fluoride releasing materials. The purpose of the present in vitro study is to evaluate the fluoride release and uptake capability of two glass-ionomer cements and two compomers. A total number of 60 specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer�s instructions using silicone molds. The specimens were transferred in plastic containers containing artificial saliva (pH=7), incubated at 37�C for 24 h and divided in three subgroups: control group, varnish treated group and dentifrice treated group. The fluoride ion content was measured on five times during a period of 30 days using an Orion 720A fluoride meter with 9609 BN fluoride ion electrode. The self-curing glass-ionomer cement released the highest amounts of fluoride ions at the beginning and after the one month study period. The samples of the four materials tested in the varnish treated groups showed significant differences compared to their control groups on the second day. Dentifrice treated groups did not show significant differences compared to their control groups, except values measured after 30 days. Application of fluoride varnish produced an increase of fluoride release for the first 24 h in case of all materials. However, results suggest that the use of fluoridated dentifrice would be more effective in caries prevention due to their fluoride uptake capability.
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Zhao, Xin Yi, Ya Jie Gui, and Shi Bao Li. "Fluoride Release and Recharge Ability of a Novel Fluoride Release Composite Resin." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.355.
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Objective: To evaluate the fluoride release rates and fluoride recharge capability of a experimental resin composite, a compomer, a giomer and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Methods: Ten disc specimens of each material were prepare and polished with abrasive paper, followed by clearing with oil-free compressed air jet. The specimens were placed in a plastic vessel containing 5ml deionized water immediately after fabrication. Each specimen was removed and put to a new a vessel containing deionized water each day, and the sample solution was test for fluoride concentration each day using a compound fluoride ion selective electrode and a conductivity meter. All specimens were removed from container after 28 days and were recharged by immersing in a fluoride foam solution for four minutes. Then fluoride release from these recharged samples was measured daily for 7 days. Recharge was repeated three times. Result: Fuji II LC demonstrated the highest fluoride release ( p <0.01), followed by experimental resin and Compoglass. Both Beautufil and Charisma presented the lowest fluoride release ( p <0.01) during the first two weeks. All materials except Charisma demonstrated a sharp decline of fluoride release, followed by a comparatively stable stage of fluoride release for about twenty days. All materials presented fluoride release increase substantially one day after recharge but declines rapidly almost to the baseline level after 2 days except for Fuji II LC that showed a continual fluoride release for 5 days. Conclusion: The experimental composite resin has a capability of fluoride release and recharge that are comparable to compomers.
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Toumba, K. J., and M. E. J. Curzon. "Slow-Release Fluoride." Caries Research 27, no. 1 (1993): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000261601.
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Babu, Devatha Ashok, Sanjay Krishna Sriram, Ravindra Reddy Regalla, Chandulal Jadav, and Roopa Rani S. Sriram. "Evaluation and Comparison of Quantity and Pattern of Fluoride release from Orthodontic Adhesives: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1495.
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ABSTRACT Background Orthodontic treatment has gained popularity since beginning of era of dentistry. Now a day, everyone is conscious about their appearance, smile and function. During orthodontic treatment use of brackets and adhesives are common. The bonding of brackets will cause demineralization which requires the fluoridation. So the study has been undertaken to analyze the pattern of fluoride release by commercially available adhesive bonding material for the prevention of demineralization. Aim To evaluate and compare the clinical significance of quantity and pattern of fluoride release from three commercially available adhesives. Objectives To assess the pattern of fluoride release and quantity, to reduce the decalcification of enamel around orthodontic brackets and bands during treatment and to prevent further use of topical fluoride both office and self-use agents for prevention of demineralization/for remineralization. Materials and methods The comparison of quantity and pattern of fluoride release study involved commercially available bonding adhesives. They are: Group I—resin reinforced glass Ionomer light cure material (OrthoLC), Group II—fluoride releasing composite resin material (Excel) and Group III— conventional composite (Relay-a-bond) evaluated on 78 freshly extracted premolar teeth divided into three groups consisting 26 specimens in each group. The prepared specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C in an incubator for subsequent fluoride analysis using ORION ion selective electrode coupled with ionalyzer 901. Fluoride analysis made at 24 hours intervals for first 3 consecutive days and thereafter at the end of 10th, 17th, 24th and 31st day of bonding. The data obtained were tabulated and interpreted by statistical analysis using ‘t’ test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Observations and Results The quantity of fluoride release in groups I and II was significant even at the end of 31st day. The one-way AVOVA showed intra and inter group significance in the quantity of fluoride release. But group III with zero fluoride release with significant decalcification on enamel which requires external use of topical fluorides. The pattern of fluoride released was 3.06 ppm for group I and 2.01 ppm for group II and was declined sharply after 24 hours; and continued to decline in subsequent weeks. Mean quantity of fluoride release by group I was 15.08 ppm were as group II was 9.02 ppm over the test period of 31 days. At the end of 31st day the group I bonding adhesive was releasing considerable amount of fluoride compared to group II whereas group III was nil. At all the periods inter and intra group mean values were highly significant. And group III acted as base line or control group as it was non fluoride releasing material. Conclusion Both the fluoride releasing adhesive bond material are useful to reduce the risk of demineralization and further prevent the usage of topical fluoride application and reduce cost and clinical visiting time for both patient and clinician. How to cite this article Regalla RR, Jadav C, Babu DA, Sriram RRS, Sriram SK, Kattimani VS. Evaluation and Comparison of Quantity and Pattern of Fluoride release from Orthodontic Adhesives: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):99-102.
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Carey, C. M., M. Spencer, R. J. Gove, and F. C. Eichmiller. "Fluoride Release from a Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement in a Continuous-flow System: Effect of pH." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 10 (October 2003): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308201013.
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Fluoride is added to many dental restorative materials, including glass-ionomer cements, for the specific purpose of leaching fluoride into the surrounding tissues to provide secondary caries inhibition. During the caries process, an acidic environment attacks the dental tissues as well as the glass-ionomer cement. We hypothesized that pH significantly affects the rate of release of fluoride from the glass-ionomer cement. A continuous-flow fluoride-measuring system that monitors the amount of fluoride released over time was used to determine the release of fluoride from a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (KetacFil®). The results show that the release rate began with a fast burst of fluoride which quickly diminished to low levels in 3 days. Under neutral pH conditions, the rate of fluoride release at 72 hrs was significantly slower than at pH 4.
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Hacaperková, Eliška, Adam Jaroš, Jan Kotek, Johannes Notni, Michal Straka, Vojtěch Kubíček, and Petr Hermann. "Al(iii)-NTA-fluoride: a simple model system for Al–F binding with interesting thermodynamics." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 39 (2020): 13726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02644a.
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Unsaturated AlIII complex shows a fast exchange of water molecules, hydroxide and fluoride anions in the coordination sphere, highly pH-dependent fluoride binding and release of fluorides at high pH or at high phosphate anion concentrations.
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Viriyakosol, Nuttachai, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Peerapong Tua-Ngam, and Wassana Wichai. "An Investigation of Fluoride Release from Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.787.
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Objective: The study aimed to investigate the amount of fluoride release from 3 brands of elastomeric ligatures in vitro, after exposure to daily fluoride mouthrinse. Materials and Methods: The study used 3 brands of elastomeric ligatures (Morelli, Brazil; Unitek, USA; Thai, Thailand). Two elastomeric ligatures from each brand were moistened by de-ionized water and then divided into control and test groups (n=5 per group). In both groups, elastomeric ligatures were placed in individual plastic bottle with 3 ml of de-ionized water. However, In the test group, They were exposed to fluoride mouthrinse (250 ppm fluoride/0.05%NaF) for 1 minute daily. All samples were stored at 37°C for 1, 3, 5, 7 days. After the end of each observation period, the amount of fluoride release in de-ionized water was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The data were analyzed by Kraskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). Results: Amount of fluoride release in test group was greater than in the control group in all 3 brands. Within 7 days of daily fluoride exposure, the fluoride released from elastomeric ligatures was continuously increased. Fluoride release from Morelli (0.067±0.013 ppm) and Unitek (0.067±0.012 ppm) were significantly higher than Thai (0.040±0.03 ppm). The fluoride level measured from Morelli and Unitek were not significantly different. Conclusion: The orthodontic elastomeric ligatures can absorb fluoride from mouthwash and release the detectable amount of fluoride within seven days. This fluoride might help prevention of enamel decalcification adjacent to the bracket during orthodontic treatment.
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Choi, Eun Mi, Sang Bae Lee, Young Il Oh, Ju Hye Lee, Shin Kyu Choi, Myung Hwan Oh, and Kwang Mahn Kim. "Fluoride Releasing from Dental Pit and Fissure Sealant Including Sodium Fluoride and Stannous Fluoride." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.893.
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The 2% NaF and 8% SnF2 have been used in topical fluoridation method in the dental office to increase the resistance of enamel to acid dissolution. Bis-GMA based monomers have been used for the basic materials in the dental pit and fissure sealants. Therefore, the resinous pit and fissure sealant including fluorides may increase the effect of preventing dental caries. In this study, we made a novel dental pit and fissure sealant and evaluated some properties, especially fluoride release. In order to make experimental pit and fissure sealant including fluoride, NaF and SnF2 powder were added into self-made monomer composed of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA and photo initiator system by weight percent of 2% and 8% respectively. The just monomer without fluoride powder was used for control. Uncured film thickness and depth of cure were measured according to ISO specification 6874:1988 and the viscosity was measured using rheometer. The five disc specimens were made using light curing unit to evaluate fluoride releasing and each specimen was immersed in the artificial saliva of 10 mL. Fluoride ion concentrations in extracts were measured for 3 days using fluoride electrode at every 12 hrs. There was no significant difference between experimental and control group in the depth of cure, uncured film thickness, and viscosity (p>0.05). The released fluoride ion concentration was continuously retained for 72 hrs.
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Neelakantan, P., S. John, S. Anand, N. Sureshbabu, and C. Subbarao. "Fluoride Release From a New Glass-ionomer Cement." Operative Dentistry 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-219-lr.
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Clinical Relevance The antibacterial and cariostatic properties of glass-ionomer cements are associated with the amount of fluoride released. Therefore, fluoride release from a restorative material for extended periods of time is considered favorable.
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Lippert, F. "Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes under Acidic Conditions." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 39, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.39.1.b45805v0v17407gl.
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Objective: The aim was to investigate the in vitro fluoride release from fluoride varnishes under acidic conditions. Study design: Poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks (Perspex, n=3 per group) were painted with 80±5 mg fluoride varnish (n=10) and placed into artificial saliva for 30min. Then, blocks were placed into either 1% citric acid (pH 2.27) or 0.3% citric acid (pH 3.75) solutions (n=3 per solution and varnish) for 30min with the solutions being replaced every 5min. Saliva and acid solutions were analyzed for fluoride content. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (varnish, solution, time). Results: The three-way interaction was significant (p>0.0001). Fluoride release and release patterns varied considerably between varnishes. Fluoride release in saliva varied by a factor of more than 10 between varnishes. Some varnishes (CavityShield, Nupro, ProFluorid, Vanish) showed higher fluoride release in saliva than during the first 5min of acid exposure, whereas other varnishes (Acclean, Enamel-Pro, MI Varnish, Vella) showed the opposite behavior. There was little difference between acidic solutions. Conclusions: Fluoride release from fluoride varnishes varies considerably and also depends on the dissolution medium. Bearing in mind the limitations of laboratory research, the consumption of acidic drinks after fluoride varnish application should be avoided to optimize the benefit/risk ratio.
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Zebić, Maja Ležaja, Nikola Jakovljević, and Vesna Miletić. "Fluoride release from conventional, resin-modified and hybrid glass ionomer cements." Serbian Dental Journal 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2018-0018.
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Summary Introduction The aim of the study was to quantify and compare fluoride release from four different glass ionomer cement products (GICs). Materials and Methods Standardized disk-shaped samples (5x2mm; n=5/group) of GIC restorative materials: conventional (Fuji IX, GC Corp., Japan), resin-modified (Fuji II LC, GC) and hybrid glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte, GC) and a conventional GIC liner/base material (Alfagal, Galenika, Serbia) were tested for fluoride release up to 21 days postsetting. Each sample was immersed in 5 mL of fresh deionized water during each time interval. Universal microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M EPSE, USA) and adhesive (Adper Single Bond, 3M ESPE) were used as negative controls. Fluoride release was measured using an F-selective electrode (Cole-Parmer, USA) and an ion meter (Oakton 700, Cole-Parmer, USA). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis at 0.05. Results The highest total fluoride release was measured from Alfagal (386±61 ppm/g), and significantly less from Equia (188±29 ppm/g), Fuji IX (143±11 ppm/g) and Fuji II LC (104±14 ppm/g) (p < 0.05). All GICs showed the highest fluoride release during the first 24 hours post-setting. After 3 days, fluoride release slowed down reaching a plateau for all materials. Regression and Pearson correlation analysis showed significant inverse relationship between fluoride release and sample mass and density (p<0.001). Conclusion Of the three GICs indicated for use as restorative materials, Equia Forte released the highest fluoride concentration. Fluoride release was material and density dependent, with higher release occurring from lower density GICs.
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Beneš, O., E. Capelli, N. Morelová, J. Y. Colle, A. Tosolin, T. Wiss, B. Cremer, and R. J. M. Konings. "Cesium and iodine release from fluoride-based molten salt reactor fuel." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 15 (2021): 9512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05794k.
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CsF dissolves in fluoride based MSR fuel, which significantly decreases its volatility. CsI has very low solubility in the fuel. Exchange between iodides and fluorides occurs in the MSR fuel, stabilizing the Cs cations in the fuel mixture.
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Rawls, H. Ralph. "Evaluation of Fluoride-Releasing Dental Materials by Means of in Vitro and in Vivo Demineralization Models: Reaction Paper." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 3 (November 1995): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090031901.
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It is essential that we understand the dose-response mechanisms of fluoride delivered intra-orally at sites in intimate contact with dental tissues. Many studies show that extremely low levels of fluoride can inhibit caries. However, few of these studies provide a direct comparison between fluoride release and the inhibition of secondary caries. For this, laboratory, animal, and in situ caries models are required which can predict clinical efficacy. This paper supplements Dr. Erickson's presentation (Erickson and Glasspoole, 1995) by illustrating the adaptation of currently used demineralization and caries models to the development and evaluation of fluoride-containing resin materials. As representative of this class of material, those which release by ion-exchange are reviewed. It is concluded that model systems designed for topical fluorides and non-fluoride dental materials can be adapted for use with fluoride-releasing materials. Further, the use of materials with a long history of clinical efficacy as inhibitors of marginal caries, such as the silicates, is a useful means of determining target values for developing new fluoride-releasing materials. The minimum concentration of F- that must be maintained in the immediate vicinity of a material to provide caries protection at localized sites is not yet known. Nor is it known what combination of release rate, pattern of release, and duration of release is needed to optimize either localized or full-mouth protection. These issues deserve closer examination to aid our understanding of F- action when delivered from dental materials, so that improved caries model systems can be designed for use with dental materials.
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Santos, Rogerio Lacerda dos, Matheus Melo Pithon, Aline Birra Nolasco Fernandes, Fabiola Galbiatti Carvalho, Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti, and Delmo Santiago Vaitsman. "Fluoride Release/Uptake from Different Orthodontic Adhesives: A 30-Month Longitudinal Study." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 4 (July 2013): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302239.
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The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in fluoride release between resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) and composites in the long term. The materials were divided into 5 groups: a nonfluoride-releasing composite - Group TXT (Transbond XT), a fluoride-releasing composite - Group QC (Quick-Cure), and three RMGICs - Groups FOLC, FOB and MC (Fuji Ortho LC, Fuji Ortho Band, and Multi-Cure). Fluoride release was measured at time intervals of 1 h, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 29 days, followed by further evaluations performed at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months using selective ion electrodes connected to an ionic analyzer. Fluoride releasing and re-releasing experiments were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test with the Bonferroni correction. The amount of fluoride released by FOB was larger in comparison with the other adhesives (p=0.01). In the long-term, FOLC and MC had a similar performance (p>0.05). The composites presented a low fluoride release, but fluoride ion uptake and re-release capacity of QC was statistically significant (p<0.05) during the experiment. In conclusion, the null hypothesis was rejected, the RMGIC Fuji Ortho Band and the composite Quick-Cure presented greater fluoride release and re-release capacity when recharged.
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Arends, J., G. E. H. M. Dijkman, and A. G. Dijkman. "Review of Fluoride Release and Secondary Caries Reduction by Fluoridating Composites." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090040501.
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Secondary caries is one of the main reasons to replace restorations. Due to the pressure to eliminate or reduce the number of amalgam restorations in many countries, fluoride-releasing composites have gained in importance. This review limits itself to information relevant to secondary caries near fluoride-releasing anterior or posterior composites. Although many parameters are very important in composite functioning, a weak spot near a filling is always the interface and the locally present interfacial gap between the composite and the hard tissues, where secondary caries takes place due to plaque action. Relevant parameters such as the amount of fluoride released in vitro in μg.cm-2, the rate of fluoride release, and the period of fluoride release are compared for several composites. In vitro F release has been measured for some fluoridating composites for more than five years. Unfortunately, F release in vivo or in situ cannot be measured adequately. The fluoride released by the composites considered is partly taken up by the surrounding tissues, partly released to the saliva, and partly efficacious in possible marginal gaps and defects. A major part of this paper pertains to in vitro, in situ, and in vivo secondary caries reduction experiments. In vitro caries reductions in the order of 40% from F-releasing composites vs. controls have been found. In in situ model investigations under plaque and saliva conditions, secondary caries reduction percentages of between 40 and 50% have been experimentally measured in gaps in enamel near F composites.
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HALFORD, BETHANY. "FLUORIDE CATCH AND RELEASE." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 89, no. 45 (November 7, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n045.p007.
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Freudenthaler, Josef W., and Bernhard C. Pseiner. "In-vitro fluoride release." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 134, no. 1 (July 2008): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.05.007.
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Pedrini, Denise, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Juliana Gomes Macedo de França, and Thiago de Medeiros Machado. "Fluoride release by restorative materials before and after a topical application of fluoride gel." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, no. 2 (June 2003): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000200007.
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The release of fluoride from restorative materials (Vitremer, Ketac-Fil, Fuji II LC and Freedom) was evaluated during two 15-day periods, before and after a topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF). For each material, 6 specimens were made, which were immersed in 2 ml of deionized water. The fluoride concentration dosages in the solutions were read at intervals of 24 hours for 15 days. After this period, the specimens of each material received treatment with APF gel for 4 minutes and the fluoride released was analyzed at 24-hour intervals during the following 15 days. The analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) showed that the total mean fluoride released during the initial 15 days was greater for Vitremer and Ketac-Fil and lower for Fuji II LC and Freedom; and in the final 15 days there was a difference in release readings, with the greatest value for Vitremer, followed by Fuji II LC, Ketac-Fil and Freedom. The comparison of the results between the 1st day and the 16th day (after gel application) showed a greater fluoride release on the 16th day for Vitremer, Fuji II LC and Freedom and was equal for Ketac-Fil. Although all the materials evaluated gained fluoride with the application of APF, the data suggest that the resin-modified ionomers are more efficient in releasing fluoride to the medium than the other materials.
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Wang, Linda, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, and Maria Teresa Atta. "Effect of one-bottle adhesive systems on the fluoride release of a resin-modified glass ionomer." Journal of Applied Oral Science 12, no. 1 (March 2004): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572004000100003.
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A dhesive systems associated to resin-modified glass ionomer cements are employed for the achievement of a higher bond strength to dentin. Despite this benefit, other properties should not be damaged. This study aimed at evaluating the short-time fluoride release of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement coated with two one-bottle adhesive systems in a pH cycling system. Four combinations were investigated: G1: Vitremer (V); G2: Vitremer + Primer (VP); G3: Vitremer + Single Bond (VSB) and G4: Vitremer + Prime & Bond 2.1 (VPB). SB is a fluoride-free and PB is a fluoride-containing system. After preparation of the Vitremer specimens, two coats of the selected adhesive system were carefully applied and light-cured. Specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 6 hours followed by immersion in remineralizing solution for 18 hours, totalizing the 15-day cycle. All groups released fluoride in a similar pattern, with a greater release in the beginning and decreasing with time. VP showed the greatest fluoride release, followed by V, with no statistical difference. VSB and VPB released less fluoride compared to V and VP, with statistical difference. Regardless the one-bottle adhesive system, application of coating decreased the fluoride release from the resin-modified glass ionomer cements. This suggests that this combination would reduce the beneficial effect of the restorative material to the walls around the restoration.
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Assed Bezerra Silva, Raquel, Fernanda Regina Ribeiro Santos, Augusto Cesar Cropanese Spadaro, Ana Cristina Morseli Polizello, Andiara De Rossi, Marilia Rodrigues Moreira, and Paulo Nelson-Filho. "Profile of Fluoride Release from a Nanohybrid Composite Resin." Dentistry 3000 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2015.29.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the amount and profile of fluoride release from a fluoride-containing nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric® N-Ceram) by direct potentiometry. Thirty specimens (5 mm diameter x 3 mm high; n=10/material) were made of Tetric® N-Ceram, Vitremer® resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (positive control) or Filtek® Z350 nanofill composite resin (negative control). The specimens were stored individually in plastic tubes containing 1 mL of artificial saliva at 37°C, which was daily renewed during 15 days. At each renewal of saliva, the amount of fluoride ions released in the solution was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode with ion analyzer, and the values obtained in mV were converted to ppm (µg/mL). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the resins Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek® Z350 did not release significant amounts of fluoride during the whole period of evaluation (p>0.05). Only Vitremer® released significant amounts of fluoride ions during the 15 days of the experiment, with greater release in first 2 days (p<0.05) and stabilization in the subsequent days (p>0.05). In conclusion, the nanohybrid composite resin Tetric® N-Ceram did not present in vitro fluoride-releasing capacity throughout the 15 days of study.
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Basso, Gabriela Romanini, Márcia Borba, and Alvaro Della Bona. "Influence of Different Mechanisms of Fluoride Release from Adhesive Systems." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 5 (October 2013): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302037.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the time-dependent fluoride (F) release from three adhesive systems: Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB - Kuraray), FL Bond II (FLB- Shofu) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2 - 3M ESPE) (negative control). CPB and FLB are fluoride containing adhesives that use different F releasing mechanisms. The tested hypothesis was that the F releasing mechanism influences the amount of released F in water. Disc-shaped specimens (5 mm × 3 mm) were fabricated using a plastic matrix (Demetron Research Corp). Three specimens were produced for each material and each period of evaluation (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) (n=3). Subsequently, the specimens were stored in 10 mL distilled water at 37° C until the analyses were done using a liquid membrane for selective F ion electrode (Orion 710). Four readings were performed on the first day and the remaining evaluation times had one reading/day. Results were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). CPB released the greatest amount of fluoride in all evaluated periods with the greatest value at 6th h (0.183 ppm) thereafter decreasing gradually up to the 7th day when it significantly increased again until the 21st day. In most measurements, FLB showed similar mean fluoride release values as SB2. Therefore, the fluoride release mechanism influenced the amount of fluoride released in water, confirming the study hypothesis.
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Basso, Gabriela Romanini, Álvaro Della Bona, Delton Luiz Gobbi, and Dileta Cecchetti. "Fluoride Release from Restorative Materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 5 (2011): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000500001.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro fluoride (F) release from 4 restorative materials (3M ESPE): Ketak Molar Easymix [KME - conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC)]; Rely-X luting 2 [RL2 - resin-modified GIC (RMGIC)]; Vitremer (VIT- RMGIC); and Filtek Z250 [Z250 - negative control]. Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s instructions and placed into 10 mL of reverse osmosis water at 37°C until the analyses were done using a liquid membrane for selective F ion electrode (Orion 710). F release was evaluated every 6 h in the first day and thereafter daily during 28 days (d). The results were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Mean F release and standard deviation values (in ppm) were: KME: 6 h- 0.34 ± 0.04; 24 h- 1.22 ± 0.30; 7 d- 0.29 ± 0.09; 14 d- 0.20 ± 0.04; 28 d- 0.16 ± 0.01; RL2: 6 h- 2.46 ± 0.48; 24 h-12.33 ± 2.93; 7 d- 1.37 ± 0.38; 14 d- 0.80 ± 0.13; 28 d- 0.80 ± 0.21; VIT: 6 h- 0.98 ± 0.35; 24 h- 4.35 ± 1.22; 7 d- 0.66 ± 0.23; 14 d- 0.40 ± 0.07; 28 d- 0.39 ± 0.08; Z250: 6 h- 0.029 ± 0.001; 24 h- 0.024 ± 0.009; 7 d- 0.023 ± 0.004; 14 d- 0.025 ± 0.001; 28 d- 0.028 ± 0.001. RL2 RMGIC released more F than the other materials in all periods. The greatest release of F occurred in the first 24 h.
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Santos, Rogério Lacerda dos, Matheus Melo Pithon, Delmo Santiago Vaitsman, Mônica Tirre de Souza Araújo, Margareth Maria Gomes de Souza, and Matilde Gonçalves da Cunha Nojima. "Long-term fluoride release from resin-reinforced orthodontic cements following recharge with fluoride solution." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 2 (2010): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000200002.
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The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the fluoride release behavior of resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements before or after fluoride recharge. The materials were divided into 5 groups: 2 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements used for attaching orthodontic bands, that is, group FOB (Fuji Ortho Band) and group MCB (Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Orthodontic Band Cement); 2 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements and a composite used for bonding orthodontic brackets, that is, group OGLC (Ortho Glass LC), group FOLC (Fuji Ortho LC), and group TXT (Transbond XT), respectively. Fluoride release was measured during a 60-day period by using selective ion electrodes connected to an ionic analyser. After 4 weeks, the samples were exposed to 0.221% sodium fluoride solution. The results showed that cements achieved a maximum fluoride release 24 h after initial setting. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups FOB and OGLC regarding the amount of released fluoride following fluoride recharge from day 31 to day 36 (p>0.05). In conclusion, FOB and OGLC cements showed a higher capacity of capturing and releasing fluoride compared to the other cements studied.
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Barik, Ashish Kumar, and Ritu Duggal. "Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release From Chemically Cured and Light-Cured Orthodontic Bonding Agents and Surface Alteration of Enamel: An in vitro Study." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 54, no. 3 (July 2020): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574220937525.
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Introduction: Fluoride is known to reduce demineralization and enhance remineralization which is desirable around orthodontic brackets. Material and methods: This study was carried out to determine the rate of fluoride release, fluoride content of enamel, and surface alteration of enamel from orthodontic bonding agents. Thirty extracted maxillary first premolars were divided into 2 groups of 15 teeth each. Group A—teeth were bonded with a chemically cured orthodontic bonding agent containing fluoride (Rely-a-Bond, Reliance, Itasca) and group B—teeth were bonded with a light-cured orthodontic bonding agent containing fluoride (Light Bond Reliance, Itasca). All individual sample teeth were used to estimate fluoride release and fluoride content of enamel. The same samples were also used to evaluate enamel surface alterations. The rate of fluoride release from the above 2 orthodontic bonding agents were measured in artificial saliva on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. The fluoride content of the enamel was evaluated on day “0” and day “90” of bonding. The samples were also evaluated for the surface changes in enamel using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The results showed that (a) chemically cured and light-cured bonding agent showed a dramatic decrease in the concentration of fluoride release from day “1” to day “2,” (b) the concentration of fluoride release kept decreasing from day “1” to day “90” of measurement in both the groups, and (c) SEM of the bracket margins bonded with chemically cured bonding agent and light-cured bonding agent revealed particle depositions of irregular shape and size on day “90.” Conclusion: Light-cured bonding agent (Light Bond) released higher concentration of fluoride as compared to chemically cured bonding agent (Rely-a-Bond). Light-cured bonding agent (Light Bond) showed higher increase in fluoride content of enamel than chemically cured bonding agent (Rely-a-Bond).
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Dziuk, Yasemin, Sachin Chhatwani, Stephan C. Möhlhenrich, Sabrina Tulka, Ella A. Naumova, and Gholamreza Danesh. "Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e0247716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247716.
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Introduction Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials. Results The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517). Conclusion Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.
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Shashikiran, N., V. Subba Reddy, and Raju Patil. "Evaluation of fluoride release from teeth after topical application of NaF, SnF2 and APF and antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 30, no. 3 (April 1, 2006): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.3.k7t5648641322k00.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the amount and pattern of fluoride release from teeth after topical application of 2% NaF, 8% SnF2 and 1.23% APF at different time intervals. The growth inhibitory effects of this released fluoride ion was assessed on mutans streptococci (MS) and correlated with the fluoride release. Forty premolars divided into four groups were subjected to different topical fluoride treatments. All the teeth were immersed individually in deionized water and were transferred to containers at 1 hour, 1 day and 1 week time intervals. 240 samples in total were used for fluoride estimation by ion selective electrode method and the samples from the other subgroup were used for evaluation of antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci (MS) by bacterial inhibition assay method. The results showed that the highest fluoride release (7.83±0.55ppm) was seen in SnF2 treated specimens, as compared to that of NaF (3.71±0.60ppm ) and APF (3.30±0.51ppm), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01).This was observed immediately after 1 hour, followed by a drastic reduction thereafter. No zones of inhibition were observed at the released fluoride concentrations at different time intervals in the different groups. In conclusion: 8% SnF2 is expected to have greater anticaries property from the high fluoride releasing property for prolonged period of time.
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PICHAIAUKRIT, Woradej, Niyom THAMRONGANANSKUL, Krisana SIRALERTMUKUL, and Somporn SWASDISON. "Fluoride varnish containing chitosan demonstrated sustained fluoride release." Dental Materials Journal 38, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2018-112.
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Raszewski, Zbigniew, Danuta Nowakowska, Wlodzimierz Wieckiewicz, and Agnieszka Nowakowska-Toporowska. "Release and Recharge of Fluoride Ions from Acrylic Resin Modified with Bioactive Glass." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071054.
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Background: Oral hygiene is essential for maintaining residual dentition of partial denture wearers. The dental material should positively affect the oral environment. Fluoride-releasing dental materials help to inhibit microbial colonization and formation of plaque as well as to initiate the remineralization process in the early cavity area. Aim: To evaluate fluoride ion release and recharge capacity, sorption, and solubility of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dental resin modified with bioactive glass addition. Materials and methods: Two bioactive glass materials (5 wt% Kavitan, 10 wt% Kavitan, and 10 wt% Fritex) and pure 10 wt% NaF were added to dental acrylic resin. After polymerization of the modified resins, the release levels of fluoride anions were measured based on color complex formation by using a spectrophotometer after 7, 14, 28, and 35 days of storage in distilled water at 37 °C. Subsequently, specimens were brushed with a fluoride-containing tooth paste on each side for 30 s, and the fluoride recharge and release potential was investigated after 1, 7, and 14 days. Sorption and solubility after 7 days of storage in distilled water was also investigated. Results: The acrylic resins with addition of 10% bioactive glass materials released fluoride ions for over 4 weeks (from 0.14 to 2.27 µg/cm2). The amount of fluoride ions released from the PMMA resin with addition of 10 wt% Fritex glass was higher than that from the resin with addition of 10 wt% Kavitan. The acrylic resin containing 10 wt% NaF released a high amount of ions over a period of 1 week (1.58 µg/cm2), but the amount of released ions decreased rapidly after 14 days of storage. For specimens containing 5 wt% Kavitan glass, the ion-releasing capacity also lasted only for 14 days. Fluoride ion rechargeable properties were observed for the PMMA resin modified with addition of 10 wt% Fritex glass. The ion release levels after recharge ranged from 0.32 to 0.48 µg/cm2. Sorption values ranged from 10.23 μm/mm3 for unmodified PMMA resin to 12.11 μm/mm3 for specimens modified with 10 wt% Kavitan glass. No significant differences were found regarding solubility levels after 7 days. Conclusions: The addition of 10 wt% Fritex and 10 wt% Kavitan bioactive glass materials to heat-cured acrylic resin may improve its material properties, with bioactive fluoride ion release ability lasting for over 4 weeks. The resin modified with 10 wt% Fritex glass could absorb fluoride ions from the toothpaste solution and then effectively release them. Addition of fluoride releasing fillers have a small effect on sorption and solubility increase of the modified PMMA resin. Clinical significance: The addition of bioactive glass may be promising in the development of the novel bioactive heat-cured denture base resin.
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Lee, Dongyun, Jongsoo Kim, Miran Han, and Jisun Shin. "Fluoride Release and Recharge Properties of Several Fluoride-Containing Restorative Materials." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 47, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.2.196.
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The aim of the study is to compare the fluoride release and recharge properties of glass ionomer cements and ‘alkasite’.<br/>Specimens of two glass ionomer cements (Fuji Ⅸ GP and Riva Self Cure), ‘alkasite’ restorative material (Cention N) and composite resin (Filtek<sup>TM</sup> Z350XT) were prepared. The fluoride release of each specimen was measured for 28 days. Thereafter, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied to experimental groups. No treatment was performed on control groups. The fluoride release was measured for additional 7 days to evaluate the fluoride recharge properties of each materials.<br/>The fluoride release was highest in Riva Self Cure, followed by Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fluoride release of Cention N was measured to be approximately 49% of Fuji Ⅸ GP’s. After the application of 1.23% APF gel, increases in fluoride release were observed in Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP and Cention N (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fluoride recharge was observed in Cention N as well as in glass ionomer cements. Further studies are required to evaluate the anti-cariogenic properties of Cention N at clinical conditions.
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Nicholson, John W. "Fluoride-Releasing Dental Restorative Materials: An Update." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0010.
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SUMMARYThe fluoride ion has a well-established beneficial role in dentistry in protecting the teeth from assault by caries. It is known to contribute to the dynamic mineralisation process of the natural tooth mineral, and also to become incorporated with the mineral phase, forming a thin layer of fluorapatite. This is more resistant to acid attack than the native hydroxyapatite, hence protects the tooth against further decay. Other recently discovered aspects of the role and uptake of fluoride will also be discussed.One of the widely used dental restoratives, the glass-ionomer dental cement, is able to release fluoride in a sustained manner that may continue for many years, and this is seen as clinically beneficial. The closely related resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and also the polyacid-modified composite resin (“compomer”) are able to do the same. There are also fluoride-containing conventional composite resins able to release fluoride.These various materials are reviewed and the way in which they release fluoride are described, as well as the effectiveness of the release at the levels involved. Studies of effectiveness of fluoride release from these various classes of material are reviewed, and shown to suggest that release from conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomers is more beneficial than from composite resins. This is attributed to 2 causes: firstly, that it is not possible to replace the lost fluoride in composites, unlike glass-ionomers, and secondly because the other ions released from glass-ionomers (calcium, phosphate) are able to contribute to local remineralisation of the tooth. The absence of these other ions in fluoridated composites means that remineralisation is able to occur to a lesser extent, if at all.
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Şişmanoğlu DDS, PhD, Soner. "Fluoride Release of Giomer and Resin Based Fissure Sealants." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 21, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v21i2.36860.
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Fissure sealants are applied to teeth to prevent caries development. The presence of the fissure sealant creates a protective barrier, which prevents plaque accumulation to the pits and fissure. They have a significant role in preventing pit and fissure caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent fluoride ion release of giomer- and resin-based fissure sealants. Fissure sealants were divided into 4 groups: BeautiSealant (Shofu, Japan), Clinpro Sealant (3M ESPE, USA), Helioseal F (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), Fissurit F (Voco, Germany). Disk shaped samples were prepared for each sealant material tested, and they were transferred into polyethylene vials containing 5 ml of deionized water. Fluoride ion diffusion was determined on days 1,2,3,7,14,21, and 28 (n=7). The fluoride concentration in these samples was analyzed using a pre-calibrated spectrophotometer in parts per million (ppm). These experiments were performed in triplicates at room temperature. ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test were used for statistical analysis. BeautiSealant was released the highest amount of fluoride on day 1 (5.33 ppm), followed by a sudden decrease on the day 2 (2.17ppm). The burst effect was observed only in this group. Clinpro Sealant, Fissurit F and HelioSeal F groups presented fluoride release of 2.69, 2.94 and 2.91 ppm on the first day, respectively, without a significant difference (p > 0.05). After the first week, a constant fluoride release level has been reached. The fluoride release for the three resin-based fissure sealants was slightly lower than that for the giomer-based. After the first week, materials exhibited no significant difference and reached a plateau. The usage of a high and prolonged fluoride-releasing fissure sealant material should be considered by clinicians, particularly in patients with caries risk.
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Shetty, Rajesh, M. Gururaj, Shwetha Shetty, and CN Vijay Kumar. "Fluoride releasing and Uptake Capacities of Esthetic Restorations." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 5 (2013): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1421.
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ABSTRACT Background and objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro the fluoride release and uptake from 5 different esthetic restorative materials. Materials and methods Materials tested were conventional GIC — Fuji 7, GC (group1), resin modified GIC — Vitremer, 3M ESPE (group 2), polyacid modified composite — Dyract, Dentsply (group 3), fluoride releasing composite — Tetric ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent (group 4), Giomer-Beautifil, Shofu (group 5). Fluoride release was estimated at 6th, 24th, 48th hour and weekly interval for 5 weeks. For fluoride recharge, each specimen was exposed to 2 ml of 1.23% APF gel for 4 minutes and fluoride release measured at 1st, 2nd, 3rd day and 7th day. The fluoride release and recharge was measured using fluoride ion specific electrode. Results ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis. During tested period all materials showed statistically different capability to release and uptake fluoride. Groups 1 and 2 results were comparable in fluoride release. Similarly groups 3 and 5. Groups 1 and 2 vs 3, 4, 5 were statistically very highly significant. Only conventional GIC showed initial ‘burst effect’. Interpretation and conclusion Materials tested showed potential for fluoride release and recharge. Different esthetic materials had variable fluoride release hence selection of materials should be guided by specific clinical situations. How to cite this article Gururaj M, Shetty R, Nayak M, Shetty S, Kumar CNV. Fluoride releasing and Uptake Capacities of Esthetic Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5): 887-891.
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Okuyama, K., Y. Tamaki, H. Yamamoto, K. Yagi, M. Hayashi, Y. Matsuda, T. Saito, K. Yasuda, K. Suzuki, and H. Sano. "Fluorine binding with dentin adjacent to fluoride-containing luting materials." International Journal of PIXE 27, no. 01n02 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500018.
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Tooth-bound (KOH-insoluble) fluoride contributes to caries prevention because of its low acid solubility and long retention within tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tooth-bound fluoride in dentin, taken up from fluoride-containing luting materials, using an in-air [Formula: see text]PIXE/PIGE system. The dentin surface of tooth root cross-sections and an acrylic resin were cemented with four different fluoride-containing luting materials. Specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution for 4 or 8 weeks and then sectioned into two slices. Two adjacent slices were used for measurement of fluorine and calcium concentration using in-air [Formula: see text]PIXE/PIGE. For analysis of the KOH-insoluble fluoride ((KOH(+)), one slice was immersed in 1 mol/L KOH solution for 24 h. The other slice was not treated with KOH in order to analyze KOH-soluble and -insoluble fluoride (whole fluoride, KOH(−)). KOH(+) levels were lower than KOH(−) levels for all materials at both duration periods. Higher concentration of fluorine was detected at deeper areas in the 8-week groups than in the 4-week groups for all materials. The material, which has the largest fluoride release, shows the lowest ratio of KOH(+) to KOH(−). PIXE/PIGE analysis confirmed the presence of tooth-bound fluoride in dentin adjacent to fluoride-containing luting materials.
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Wilshire, Dr W. A. "Fluoride release from ligature ties." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 112, no. 2 (August 1997): 17A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(97)70113-6.
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Dhondt, C. L., E. A. P. De Maeyer, and R. M. H. Verbeeck. "Fluoride Release from Glass lonomer Activated with Fluoride Solutions." Journal of Dental Research 80, no. 5 (May 2001): 1402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800050301.
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CASTILLO, JORGE L., PETER MILGROM, EVAN KHARASCH, KENNETH IZUTSU, and MICHAEL FEY. "Evaluation of fluoride release from commercially available fluoride varnishes." Journal of the American Dental Association 132, no. 10 (October 2001): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0053.
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SKARTVEIT, LIV, ANNE BJÖRG TVEIT, and JAN EKSTRAND. "Fluoride release from a fluoride-containing amalgam in vivo." European Journal of Oral Sciences 93, no. 5 (October 1985): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1985.tb01338.x.
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Kim, Ji-Soo, Min-Ji Byon, Yong-Tae Nam, Jin-Bom Kim, and Seung-Hwa Jeong. "In vitro fluoride release from five different fluoride varnishes." Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 43, no. 4 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.4.184.
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Konstantinidis, A. K., I. Marsden, and M. L. Sinnott. "Hydrolyses of α- and β-cellobiosyl fluorides by cellobiohydrolases of Trichoderma reesei." Biochemical Journal 291, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2910883.
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Cellobiohydrolase II hydrolyses alpha- and beta-D-cellobiosyl fluorides to alpha-cellobiose at comparable rates, according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The stereochemistry, absence of transfer products and strict hyperbolic kinetics of the hydrolysis of alpha-cellobiosyl fluoride suggest that the mechanism for the alpha-fluoride may be the enzymic counterpart of the SNi reaction observed in the trifluoroethanolysis of alpha-glucopyranosyl fluoride [Sinnott and Jencks (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 2026-2032]. The absolute factors by which this enzyme accelerates fluoride ion release are small and greater for the alpha-fluoride than for the beta, suggesting that its biological function may not be just glycoside hydrolysis. Cellobiohydrolase I hydrolyses only beta-cellobiosyl fluoride, which is, however, an approx. 1-3% contaminant in alpha-cellobiosyl fluoride as prepared and purified by conventional methods. Instrumental assays for the various components of the cellulase complex are discussed.
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Anusavice, K. J., N. Z. Zhang, and C. Shen. "Effect of CaF2 Content on Rate of Fluoride Release from Filled Resins." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 5 (May 2005): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400508.
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Information on the time-dependent release of fluoride from filled resins containing fluoride particles as a function of particle content and solution pH is limited. This study characterized the fluoride ion release from filled resins containing CaF2 particles as a function of filler content and pH. Urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate resins were used to make filled-resin disks containing 9.09, 23.08, or 33.33 mass% CaF2 filler. Fluoride ion release for the 9.09 mass% concentration was independent of pH. Increasing the filler content from 9.09 to 33.33 mass% increased the fluoride release rate in pH 4.0 buffer solution, because of greater surface degradation. Fluoride ion release from disks stored in pH 6.0 buffer solutions occurred mainly by diffusion from disk surfaces, while fluoride release from disks in pH 4.0 buffers was controlled by diffusion from disk surfaces and degeneration of the resin matrix, which exposed more CaF2 particle surface area.
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Ueda, Takayuki, Kaoru Sakurai, Takashi Koike, Koichiro Ogami, Mituhiro Yokomoto, and Kyoko Tomura. "Differences in the Amount of Fluoride Release among Fluoride-Releasing Cements." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1111.
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ABSTRACT Purpose The abutment teeth of removable partial dentures are susceptible to root surface caries and secondary caries, and such caries sometimes result in crown destruction. In particular, in aged patients, this risk increases due to age-associated gingival recession, periodontal disease, decreased amount of saliva, and inadequate brushing caused by decreased finger motor function. Fluoride-releasing materials may prevent such caries. In this study, we evaluated the amounts of fluoride release from various fluoride-releasing cements based on the amount of fluoride release into artificial saliva. Materials and methods In this study, the following three types of cement were used: Vitremer 2 Paste (3M Health Care: V2 hereafter) and Fuji Luting EX (GC: EX hereafter) as resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, and Clearfil SA Luting (Kuraray Medical: SA hereafter) as a fluoride-containing adhesive resin cement. Using the method indicated by the manufactures, 5 samples (diameter, 8 mm; thickness, 2 mm) for each type of cement were prepared. The samples were immersed in artificial saliva (5 ml) and left at room temperature. The artificial saliva used for immersion was replaced every 24 hours until 14 days after the initiation of immersion and every 48 hours thereafter until after 30 days. Fluoride release was measured in the immersion solution using a combination fluoride ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test were performed to compare the amount of fluoride ion release among the groups (? = 0.05). Results The cumulative amount of fluoride ion release 30 days after the initiation of immersion was the highest for V2 (363.6 ± 87.1 μg/mm2), followed in order by EX (115.6 ± 7.9 μg/mm2) and SA (57.4 ± 23.9 μg/mm2). Significant differences were observed even from 1 day after the initiation of immersion between V2 and EX as well as SA. Concerning daily changes, the amount of fluoride ion release after 1 day was the highest for each type of cement; it was the highest for V2 (89.8 ± 13.5 μg/mm2), followed by SA (35.9 ± 8.3 μg/mm2) and EX (34.3 ± 3.2 μg/mm2). The amount of release gradually decreased after 2 days or more. Significant differences were observed from 1 day after the initiation of immersion between V2 and EX as well as SA. A significant difference between EX and SA was present from 2 until 4 days after the initiation of immersion. Conclusion V2 as a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement showed the highest amount of fluoride release, indicating continuous sustained fluoride release. How to cite this article Ogami K, Yokomoto M, Koike T, Ueda T, Tomura K, Sakurai K. Differences in the Amount of Fluoride Release among Fluoride-Releasing Cements. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):78-81.
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Mystkowska, Joanna. "Fluoride Release from Composite Materials for Dental Fillings." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.27.
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Fluoride release from composite materials for dental fillings depending on the type of powder filler and dynamical loading is the main problem considered in the paper. The fillers used for research were fluoridated glass (based on Ba-Sr-Al-P-Na-silicate glass), ytterbium fluoride (YbF3) as a fluoride source and nanosilica. In order to estimate the influence of the usage loading value on fluoride release from analyzed samples, the wear tests were carried out by means of special tribotester in presence of phosphate buffer as a lubricant. After friction processes the fluoride release tests were performed in phosphate buffer using direct potentiometry method with fluoride selective electrode. The fluoride emission was analyzed on the basis of: 1) type and amount of fillers powder, 2) using loading. Surface roughness was also investigated. The surface of each composite was analyzed by means of SEM.
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Kotian, Ravindra, Prashanthi Madhyastha, Vivekananda Pai, and AMA Khader. "Fluoride Release from Glass Ionomer Cements: Effect of Temperature, Time Interval and Storage Condition." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2013): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1039.
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ABSTRACT Objectives Fluoride plays a pivotal role in oral health promotion and is the corner stone in the prevention of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, time interval and storage conditions on fluoride release by three commercial glass ionomer cements (GIC). Materials and Methods Three commercial glass ionomers: GC Gold Label Universal Restorative (conventional), GC Gold Label Light-Cured Universal Restorative and GC Fuji VII (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used to investigate fluoride release. The 6 × 2 mm disk-shaped specimens prepared from each material were immersed in distilled water or artificial saliva at temperatures 4°C, 37°C or 55°C. The amount of fluoride release from these specimens was studied for the period of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days with the help of fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The amount of fluoride release was significantly (p < 0.001) high in distilled water when compared to artificial saliva in all the three types of GIC studied. The highest level of fluoride release was observed on the first day of the study, followed by days 7 and 14, with least release on days 28. It was also observed that at 55°C, the amount of fluoride release was significantly (p < 0.001) high in all three GIC. However, there was no significant difference among the three GIC studied. Conclusion The amount of fluoride release depends on temperature, time interval and storage condition. The result from the study concludes that GIC in the oral cavity serve as fluoride reservoir and contribute a low fluoride release in oral fluids. Clinical significance The clinical use of GIC that release fluoride is relevant mainly in patients at risk of or with caries activity, thereby preventing initiation of secondary caries and failure of restorations. It may also be important in developing regimes for improving the delivery of tropical fluoride products. This study would be helpful to make some considerations about clinical indication and longevity of restorative materials studied. How to cite this article Madhyastha P, Kotian R, Pai V, Khader AMA. Fluoride Release from Glass Ionomer Cements: Effect of Temperature, Time Interval and Storage Condition. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(2):68-73.