Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flüssige Phase'
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Niu, Wenhui, Junzhi Liu, Yiyong Mai, Klaus Müllen, and Xinliang Feng. "Synthetic Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons with Excellent Liquid-Phase Processability." Elsevier, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74089.
Full textMülmenstädt, Johannes, Odran Sourdeval, Julien Delanoë, and Johannes Quaas. "Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid-, mixed-, and ice-phase clouds derived from A-Train satellite retrievals." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-202461.
Full textMülmenstädt, Johannes, Odran Sourdeval, Julien Delanoë, and Johannes Quaas. "Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid-, mixed-, and ice-phase clouds derived from A-Train satellite retrievals." Geophysical research letters (2015), 42, S. 6502-6509, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14690.
Full textHeitling, Elke [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur heterogen-katalysierten Fries-Umlagerung in der flüssigen Phase / Elke Heitling." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170545424/34.
Full textKugelstadt, Oliver [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Fricke. "Untersuchungen zur aeroben Nachbehandlung von Gärresten in der flüssigen Phase / Oliver Kugelstadt ; Betreuer: Klaus Fricke." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175822787/34.
Full textTasdelen, Volkan [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Auswirkung von Wasser in flüssiger Phase auf das Betriebsverhalten moderner Turboluftstrahltriebwerke / Volkan Tasdelen." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126297046/34.
Full textTreese, Julian [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Bathen. "Selektivität von Probemolekülen bei der Adsorption an Aktivkohlen aus der flüssigen Phase / Julian Treese ; Betreuer: Dieter Bathen." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142113647/34.
Full textTraeger, Juliane. "Ungesättigte Dithioetherliganden : selektive Extraktionsmittel für die Gewinnung von Palladium(II) aus Sekundärrohstoffen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6475/.
Full textThe development of new processes for the recovery of palladium from recycling materials like spent automotive catalysts is of economic and ecologic interest. In this thesis new solvent and solid phase extractants have been designed, which are suitable for the recovery of palladium(II) from an oxidising hydrochloric leach liquor that does not only additionally contain platinum and rhodium but also a number of base metals. In contrast to many extractants described in the literature these new extractants – unsaturated monomeric dithioethers as well as oligomeric mixtures of ligands with vicinal dithioether units – are highly selective for palladium(II). Due to their geometric and electronic preorganisation they form stable square-planar chelate complexes with palladium(II). For the development of the solvent extractant a series of unsaturated dithioethers, which are based on a rigid 1,2-dithioethene unit that is imbedded in an electron-withdrawing backbone, with polar end-groups has been synthesised. In addition to the determination of the crystal structures of the ligands and their dichloridopalladium complexes, the electro- and photochemical properties, the complex stabilities and the behaviour in solution have been investigated. Solvent extraction experiments showed the superiority of some of our ligands over conventionally used extractants in terms of their very fast reaction rates. Considering criteria that are essential for industrial utilisation like: robustness towards oxidation, achieving of high extraction yields (even at a high hydrochloric acid content of the leach liquor), fast extraction kinetics and a high selectivity for palladium(II), 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene was selected as the extractant of choice. Building on this a solvent extraction system close to industrial practice was devised. After stepwise adaption of the aqueous phase from a model solution to the oxidising hydrochloric leach liquor, the selection of a diluent suitable for commercial operations (1,2-dichlorobenzene) and of an efficient stripping agent (0.5 M thiourea in 0.1 M HCl) has been accomplished. The high selectivity of that solvent extraction system for palladium(II) could be verified and its reusability and suitability for practical application have been proven. Further it was shown that small amounts of the thioether sulfoxide 1-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfanyl]-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfinyl]benzene form when the dithioether ligand 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene gets in contact with oxidising media. Under acidic conditions this thioether sulfoxide gets protonated and accelerates the extraction like a phase transfer catalyst; without decreasing the selectivity for palladium(II). The molecular structure of the corresponding dichloridopalladium complex reveals that the nonprotonated ligand coordinates palladium(II) in a similar manner to the dithioether via the chelating sulfur atoms. Mixtures of oligo(dithioether) ligands and the monomeric 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene have been adsorbed on silica gel and amberlite® XAD 2. These SIRs (solvent impregnated resins) have been used for solid phase extraction experiments. The oligo(dithioether) ligands are based on 1,2- dithiobenzene or 1,2-dithiomaleonitrile units, which are connected via tris(oxyethylene)ethylene or trimethylene chains. With the help of batch experiments it could be shown how structural differences, like the chelating unit, the kind of linking chain and the type of supporting material, impact the extraction yield, kinetics and loading capacity. The SIRs containing silica gel establish the extraction equilibrium much faster than those containing amberlite® XAD 2. On the other hand, the extractants permanently remain on amberlite® XAD 2, in contrast to silica gel. In a hydrochloric medium 1,2-dithiobenzene derivatives are better extractants than 1,2-dithiomaleonitrile derivatives. In column experiments with the oxidising hydrochloric leach liquor and reusable SIRs based on 1,2-dithiobenzene derivatives impregnated into amberlite® XAD 2, it appeared that for the implementation of high loading capacities very low flow rates are required. The selectivity for palladium(II) of these solid phase extractants could be demonstrated, although the eluates, in contrast to the eluates gained from the solvent extraction experiments, contained not only palladium but also small amounts of platinum, aluminium, iron and lead.
Lingscheid, Yves [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Giernoth. "Synthese und Untersuchung ionisch flüssiger Phasen mittels Multiquantenkohärenz-NMR-Experimenten / Yves Lingscheid. Gutachter: Ralf Giernoth." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044073527/34.
Full textMandl, B. [Verfasser]. "Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in flüssiger Phase und Gasphase / B. Mandl." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1197068716/34.
Full textJahn, W. [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung der festen und flüssigen Phase des Flußliniensystems in YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋sub(d)ₑsub(l)sub(t)ₐ Einkristallen / W. Jahn." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 1996. http://d-nb.info/1108447007/34.
Full textLöffler, Andrea [Verfasser], Markus Gutachter] Rettenmayr, Florian [Gutachter] [Kargl, and Manja [Gutachter] Krüger. "Erstarrung von Fest/Flüssig-Gemischen im Temperaturgradienten und ihre Anwendung bei der Herstellung intermetallischer Phasen / Andrea Löffler ; Gutachter: Markus Rettenmayr, Florian Kargl, Manja Krüger." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177599244/34.
Full textStärz, Steffen. "Energy Reconstruction and high-speed Data Transmission with FPGAs for the Upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter at LHC." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-172213.
Full textDas Flüssig-Argon-Kalorimeter des ATLAS-Detektors am CERN bei Genf wird für den Betrieb am LHC mit erhöhter Luminosität im Rahmen mehrerer Upgrades (Phase-0, I und II) mit verbesserter Auslese- und Triggerelektronik ausgestattet. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf der frühzeitigen Digitalisierung der Detektorrohdaten und deren folgende digitale Übertragung sowie Verarbeitung mittels FPGAs bereits für den Level-1 Trigger. Die Upgrades sehen zusätzlich vor, dem Level-1 Trigger eine höhere Ortsauflösung bereitzustellen um seine Leistungsfähigkeit der Energierekonstruktion von niedrigenergetischen Teilchen bei erhöhter Kollisionsrate zu verbessern. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation beinhaltet die Entwicklung und Umsetzung einer modularen Detektorsimulationsumgebung, AREUS, mit der verschiedene Filteralgorithmen zur Energierekonstruktion sowie deren Performanz in Abhängigkeit der erwarteten digitalisierten Detektorrohdaten analysiert werden können. Dabei wurde in der Simulationsumgebung die Funktionalität der Rechenarithmetik der später verwendeten FPGAs berücksichtigt. Verschiedener Filteralgorithmen, im Besonderen der Optimal Filter und ein Wiener Filter mit Korrekturglied, werden im Hinblick auf ihre Performanz der Energierekonstruktion für das zukünftige Triggersystem des Flüssig-Argon-Kalorimeters diskutiert. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Hochgeschwindigkeitsdatenübertragung zur Erfassung von Triggerdaten. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein generischer 10 Gigabit Ethernet UDP Stack in VHDL entworfen, der als Teil der Ausleseelektronik eines Demonstrator-Testaufbaus im Rahmen des Phase-0 Upgrades in einem ALTERA® Stratix-IV FPGA aktuell zum Einsatz kommt. Nach Implementierung in einem Prototypen einer Auslesekarte konnte ein Transfer von Detektordaten realisiert werden. Eine Überprüfung am Demonstrator-Testaufbau, welcher im ATLAS Detektor installiert ist, schließt diese Dissertation ab. Sie hat eine korrekte Übertragung von Triggersignalen des Flüssig-Argon-Kalorimeters erfolgreich bestätitgt
Beiner, Kerstin. "Untersuchungen zur selektiven Anreicherung organischer Schwefelverbindungen aus wäßrigen Proben." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1014974713093-57112.
Full textBeiner, Kerstin. "Untersuchungen zur selektiven Anreicherung organischer Schwefelverbindungen aus wäßrigen Proben." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24125.
Full textPiwonski, Michael. "Keramische Membranen auf Basis LPS-SiC: Schlickerentwicklung und Beschichtungsverfahren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1138049474013-12420.
Full textSilicon Carbide (SiC) fulfills many requirements, e.g. a high robustness in terms of corrosion, which makes it a suitable Material for ceramic membranes. The aim of this work was to produce ceramic membranes out of porous liquid phase sintered Silicon Carbide (LPS-SiC). As additives Alumina and Yttria were used. The SiC based on commercial abrasive powders F1200 (Membrane) and F500 (Substrate). Different techniques of membrane formation were applied in order to find the optimum processing procedure: Dip Coating, Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD), Pressure Filtration and the usage of so called Transfer Tapes, a blend of Polyacrylate and ceramic powders). For the slip based methods a water based system was developed without the need of organic additives. A pure electrostatic stabilization was facilitated by solving Yttria with Hydrochloride Acid and precipitation, resulting in the coverage of the SiC particles with finely dispersed Yttria. The EPD was not successful due to a undefined specific resistance of the substrate. The pressure filtration turned out to be the best, most versatile method, leading to defect free membranes with the lowest measured surface roughness. The pressure ranged between 2*10E4 and 1*10E5 Pa. Higher pressure lead to finer pores. The Dip Coating was controlled only by the solids content. Membranes by Dip Coating showed macroscopic defects. As a new concept for ceramic membrane fabrication the Transfer Tapes needed further investigation. The direct gluing on the substrate was possible. The thickness of the membrane was limited to 50 microns in order to keep free of cracks. The Transfer Tapes exhibited pronounced fluctuations in the debinding and sintering shrinkage, leading to increased tension during sintering. Furthermore cavities, (e.g. big pores) were bridged. Both effects lead to increased tension during sintering
Niklaus, Patrick. "Adaptive Femtosekunden Quantenkontrolle chemischer Reaktionen in der flüssigen Phase." Doctoral thesis, 2004. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-12855.
Full textThe goal of this work was to experimentally implement the technique of adaptive femtosecond quantum control of photoinduced reactions in solution. A successful experiment in the liquid phase would represent an important step towards an universal applicability to the control of chemical reactions. The sufficiently high particle densities available in solution allow the processing of macroscopic amounts of chemical substances. Additionally, only in the condensed phase the particle densities are high enough to achieve control for bimolecular synthetic-chemical applications. The technique of adaptive quantum control is most suitable for an application in the liquid phase, as it allows the coherent control of quantum-mechanical processes even in complex systems. In this experimental “closed-loop” setup, the spectral phase structure of fs laser pulses is modulated by a computer-controlled pulse shaper. The resulting shaped laser pulses then interact with the quantum system under consideration, where specific wavepacket dynamics is initiated. The quantitative detection of the generated photoproducts is used as feedback within a learning algorithm. Based on concepts of the evolution theory, this optimization algorithm iteratively improves the pulse-shaper settings until an optimum is reached. Thus the modulated electric field automatically “adapts” to the molecular properties according to the specified control objective. For a successful demonstration of an application of this technology to chemical reactions in the solution phase, suitable feedback signals have to be found. Hence in this work, suitable feedback signals were explored which can be used to probe the result of the solution phase photoreactions reliably and fast. Besides the emission spectroscopy, especially transient absorption techniques in the UV/visible or infrared spectral region turned out to be suitable for quantitatively detecting the quantum yields of the different photoproducts generated by a shaped laser pulse. In a first experiment, emission spectroscopy was employed to investigate the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in a Ru(II) coordination complex ([Ru(dpb)3]2 using adaptive fs pulse shaping. Using the spontaneous emission signal as feedback in the learning procedure, it was possible to control the MLCT excitation process. However, the MLCT excitation occurs via two-photon absorption and is therefore dominantly second-order intensity dependent. This trivial intensity dependence can be removed by using as a new feedback signal the ratio of the molecular response (here: emission) versus a purely optical signal of the same nonlinear order (here: SHG in a thin crystal). The resulting optimized laser pulse shapes were able to both maximize and minimize the ratio emission/SHG, thus proving that adaptive fs quantum control is sensitive to the electronic and vibrational properties of molecules under liquid-phase conditions. The results of this experiment could be understood within a simple perturbation theory model. In a second experiment, chemically selective molecular excitation of two distinct complex molecules (the MLCT-complex [Ru(dpb)3]2+ and the laser dye DCM) in solution was achieved employing shaped fs laser pulses. After two-photon absorption and excited-state dynamics, the spontaneous emission yields are again used as a measure for the excited-state populations in the feedback loop. The experiment was designed to ask if and how coherent light fields can be used to selectively excite one specific molecule (but not another one) within liquid-phase solute/solvent mixtures. Despite the failure of single-parameter approaches (variation of wavelength, intensity or linear chirp), an optimization of the emission yield ratio was successful employing adaptive quantum control. This experiment demonstrates that photoprocesses in two different molecular species can selectively be controlled simultaneously. The goal of a third experiment was the control of a more complex chemical reaction. The reaction type we chose to investigate and to control was the cis-trans isomerization of the molecular system NK88. We chose as feedback signal the ratio of cis-isomers in their ground state after the photoisomerization process to the amount of initially excited trans-isomers (i.e., the relative reaction yield). To determine these quantities, we recorded the transient absorption signal at two different wavelengths. By optimizing the ratio of the relative quantum yields of the two isomers, we demonstrated that the efficiency of the photoisomerization reaction can both be enhanced and reduced. In conclusion, in the context of this work experiments were performed employing the technology of fs laser pulses and adaptive quantum control, which represent an important contribution to the relatively new research field of femtochemistry. The successful transfer of this technique to the liquid phase constitutes a first step towards a new kind of chemistry
Bartel, Marko [Verfasser]. "Zeitaufgelöste Antistokes-Ramanspektroskopie an Dihalomethanen in flüssiger Phase / von Marko Bartel." 2005. http://d-nb.info/979532426/34.
Full textNüske, Hanno. "Palladium-katalysierte Dominoreaktionen mit Bicyclopropyliden in flüssiger und an fester Phase." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AE8F-4.
Full textEbrahimnazhad, Rahbari Seyed Habibollah. "Fest-Flüssig Übergänge in Schüttgütern." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B493-B.
Full textSaltykova, Anastasia [Verfasser]. "Verschleißbeständige In-situ-MMC durch Sintern mit flüssiger Phase / von Anastasia Saltykova." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007454504/34.
Full textNiklaus, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Adaptive Femtosekunden-Quantenkontrolle chemischer Reaktionen in der flüssigen Phase / vorgelegt von Patrick Niklaus." 2005. http://d-nb.info/976127172/34.
Full textAdame, Arana Omar. "Chemical control of liquid phase separation in the cell." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38576.
Full textOne of the main features of cells is their incredible ability to control biochemical processes in space and time. They do so by organizing their interior in sub-compartments called organelles, each of them with a different biochemical environment that allows them to perform specific tasks in the cell. It is sometimes believed that these compartments need a membrane in order to have a stable biochemical environment and regulat their compositions. However, there are some organelles which lack a membrane and seem to form and organize via liquid-liquid phase separation. Some of the components that form these membraneless organelles have the ability to bind to RNA and form complexes, while some others react to changes in the intracellular environment such as pH variations, which in turn affects their protonation state. In order to study these processes from a theoretical perspective, we develop a generic thermodynamic framework to study systems exhibiting liquid-liquid phase separation at chemical equilibrium. This framework, based on the use of conservation laws in chemical reactions, allow us to identify thermodynamic conjugate variables at chemical equilibrium, which are given by a set of conserved quantities and the corresponding conjugate chemical potentials. Within the aforementioned framework, we introduce a minimal model to study the effect of pH on liquid-liquid phase separation. Our model explains macromolecular phase separation controlled by protonation and deprotonation reactions, which are tuned by the pH of the system. We study the phase behavior of the system as a function of pH. Our main findings are: Firstly, the broadest region of phase separation is typically found at the isoelectric point. Secondly, the system exhibits reentrant behavior. Thirdly, that the dominating interaction in the system determines the topology of the phase diagrams. Our model is in agreement with experimental observations of in vitro protein phase separation of pH-responsive intrinsically disordered proteins, as well as with observations of protein phase separation exhibited by many cytosolic proteins when the intracellular pH in yeast cells is brought close to the isoelectric point of such proteins. Moreover, this work analyses the physical mechanism behind the positioning of liquid-like organelles in the {\it{Caenorhabditis elegans}} organism known as P granules. In order to study this phenomenon, we first present firm experimental evidence showing that PGL-3 protein, a key component of P granules, forms liquid-like drops whose assembly can be modulated by RNA. We then present data showing that the RNA-binding affinity differs significantly between proteins relevant for the positioning of P granules, such as MEX-5 and the proteins forming the P granules, like the aforementioned PGL-3. This points to a possible mechanism of RNA-binding competition between P granule constituents and MEX-5 in order to spatially control the condensation and dissolution of P granules. Based on the experimental evidence, we propose a minimal model in which we couple phase separation of PGL-3 to a set of binding reactions involving the MEX-5 protein and RNA. We find that in order to explain the experimental data, the tendency for phase separation of the PGL-3 protein increases with the formation of complexes of PGL-3 bound to RNA. This therefore supports the idea that MEX-5 inhibits this protein phase separation by depleting the RNA available for PGL-3 to form such complexes. This simple mechanism is at the core of how P granules localize to the posterior side of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
Schröter, Marie Katrin [Verfasser]. "Kolloidale Cu-Katalysatoren für die Methanolsynthese in der flüssigen Phase / vorgelegt von Marie Katrin Schröter." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985055804/34.
Full textNopper, Dirk C. [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung neuartiger sensitiver Materialien für optische Sensoren in flüssiger Phase / vorgelegt von Dirk C. Nopper." 2000. http://d-nb.info/963170082/34.
Full textNüske, Hanno [Verfasser]. "Palladium-katalysierte Dominoreaktionen mit Bicyclopropyliden in flüssiger und an fester Phase / vorgelegt von Hanno Nüske." 2000. http://d-nb.info/961880406/34.
Full textVollprecht, Matthias Gottfried [Verfasser]. "Neue Polymersysteme als Chemosensoren : Präparation und Charakterisierung des Wechselwirkungsverhaltens in der flüssigen Phase / vorgelegt von Matthias Gottfried Vollprecht." 2005. http://d-nb.info/976154420/34.
Full textKlingmann, Raoul [Verfasser]. "Regenerierung fester Katalysatoren für die Isobutan-Buten-Alkylierung durch hydrierende Behandlung in flüssiger Phase / vorgelegt von Raoul Klingmann." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974996165/34.
Full textMarczuk, Piotr [Verfasser]. "Struktur und Amphiphilie von Perfluoralkylalkanen : Untersuchungen an festen Phasen und adsorbierten Monoschichten auf flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen / vorgelegt von Piotr Marczuk." 2000. http://d-nb.info/960898409/34.
Full textKirsch, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Bildkontraste im menschlichen Muskelgewebe und Beugungsphänomene in der 1H-NMR infolge individueller und kollektiver Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkungen von Wasserprotonen in flüssiger Phase / vorgelegt von Stefan Kirsch." 2004. http://d-nb.info/971387591/34.
Full textHils, Maximilian. "Analysis of the Demonstrator Readout of the Liquid-Argon Calorimeter at the ATLAS Detector." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72475.
Full textThe ongoing upgrade activities at the Large Hadron Collider aim for an increase of the luminosity in the particle collisions. The increased luminosity delivers new capabilities for precision measurements and searches for signatures of new physics. At the same time, challenges arise for the experiments. For this reason, the ATLAS detector is upgraded. The focus is on maintaining the high efficiency of the trigger that selects interesting physics events in real-time. Therefore, the Liquid-Argon calorimeter of the ATLAS detector is upgraded with new readout electronics. To evaluate the performance, a demonstrator readout was installed and operated in parallel to the data taking of the main readout between 2014 and 2018. In this thesis, the data recorded with the demonstrator is analyzed. The new readout electronics allow more sophisticated algorithms to distinguish between signal and background events. They are based on variables that describe electromagnetic and hadronic showers. The proposed shower-shape variables are studied concerning their trigger efficiency and background rejection power. With a combination of the shower-shape variables, a background rejection power of 75 % for hadronic jets is achieved while keeping the electron trigger efficiency at 90 %. The increase in luminosity will lead to an increase in in-time and out-of-time pile-up effects. These have an impact on the energy reconstruction. Therefore, pile-up events are investigated, to gain precise knowledge about their effects. For the energy reconstruction of the detector signals, different digital filter algorithms are available. The signal detection efficiency of these algorithms is examined. While new filter algorithms are capable of reducing the effect of out-of-time pile-up, they depend greatly on the correct phase of the pulse shape.