To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fluvial-deltaic.
Journal articles on the topic 'Fluvial-deltaic'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fluvial-deltaic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zelilidis, Abraham, and Nikolaos Kontopoulos. "Pliocene–Pleistocene fluvial/wave-dominated deltaic sedimentation: the Pamisos delta, southwest Peloponnesus, Greece." Geological Magazine 131, no. 5 (1994): 653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800012449.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA fluvial /wave-dominated delta was formed during late Pliocene times in southwestPeloponnesus, influenced by NNW—SSE and ENE—WSW trending faults. The depositional patternremained unchanged through early Pleistocene times, when the pre-existing active faults with WNW—ESE extension were combined with an eastward asymmetrical subsidence of the graben. Inthe deltaic environment, marshes, lakes and lagoons were created in the western parts, whereas largequantities of sediments were deposited in the central and eastern parts adjacent to basin marginsof steeper relief.This study combines grain size parameters, total organic matter, carbonate and clay mineralogyand structural analysis to: (a) determine the pattern of sedimentation in sub-environments and (b)create a fluvial/wave-type deltaic depositional model, and distinguish between delta-plain, delta-front and pro-delta environments. The Pliocene-Pleistocene, fluvial/wave-dominated delta model inthis study can be used to predict deltaic sedimentation in analogous basins.
2
Dyke, Arthur S., and John V. Matthews. "Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of Quaternary Sediments Along Pasley River, Boothia Peninsula, Central Canadian Arctic." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, no. 3 (2007): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032689ar.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Quaternary sediments exposed along Pasley River consist of a lower marine deltaic sand overlain in succession by complexly interbedded tills and glaciomarine sediments (the lower glacigenic assemblage), by a mid-section fluvial gravel, by an upper marine deltaic sand, and by glaciomarine sediment and till (the upper glacigenic assemblage). The midsection fluvial gravels contain plant and insect fossils indicating a climate as warm as and perhaps warmer than present. The top of the gravel is more than 55 000 years old ; the unit is probably of Sangamonian age (>75 000 ka) and separates Wisconsinan from lllinoian glacial deposits. The deltaic sands that underlie both glacigenic assemblages indicate substantial crustal depression during glacial buildup episodes prior to arrival of ice at the site. This implies that the process of buildup was slow and involved glacier expansion into major marine basins. Glaciomarine beds of the lower glacigenic assemblage locally contain abundant detrital terrestrial organic material as well as marine molluscs. The terrestrial organic detritus, an unusual constituent of glaciomarine sediment, is thought to have been released into the sea from glacier ice. These terrestrial fossil asemblages exhibit compositional differences which vary with the sediment faciès and probably reflect taphonomic factors such as differential buoyancy of the fossils. The upper marine deltaic sands contain some "old " rebedded plant detritus and amber indicating a nearby source of Tertiary sediment, possibly equivalent in age to the Beaufort Formation. Other rebedded fossils from the upper deltaic unit may be the same age as the mid-section fluvial gravels.
3
Wu, Chenliang, and Jeffrey A. Nitterour. "Impacts of backwater hydrodynamics on fluvial–deltaic stratigraphy." Basin Research 32, no. 3 (2019): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bre.12385.
Full text
4
Breckenridge, Jake, Angelos G. Maravelis, Octavian Catuneanu, Kevin Ruming, Erin Holmes, and William J. Collins. "Outcrop analysis and facies model of an Upper Permian tidally influenced fluvio-deltaic system: Northern Sydney Basin, SE Australia." Geological Magazine 156, no. 10 (2019): 1715–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000973.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAn integrated study of sedimentological, sequence-stratigraphic and palaeodispersal analysis was applied to the Upper-Permian clastic sedimentary succession in the Northern Sydney Basin, Australia. The succession is subdivided into fifteen facies and three facies associations. The facies associations are further subdivided into eight sub-facies associations. The sedimentary evolution involves progradation from delta-front to delta-plain to fluvial depositional environments, with a significant increase in sediment grain size across the unconformable contact that separates the deltaic from the overlying fluvial system. In contrast to the delta front that is wave/storm- and/or river-influenced, the delta plain is significantly affected by tides, with the impact of tidal currents decreasing up-sequence in the delta plain. The general lack of wave-influenced sedimentary structures suggests low wave energy in the delta plain. The abrupt termination of the tidal impact in the fluvial realm relates to the steep topographic gradients and high sediment supply, which accompanied the uplift of the New England Orogen. The sequence-stratigraphic framework includes highstand (deltaic forest and topset) and lowstand (fluvial topset) systems tracts, separated by a subaerial unconformity. In contrast to most of the mud-rich modern counterparts, this is an example of a sand-rich tidally influenced deltaic system, developed adjacent to the source region. This investigation presents a depositional model for tidal successions in regions of tectonic uplift and confinement.
5
Gouw, M. J. P. "Alluvial architecture of fluvio-deltaic successions: a review with special reference to Holocene settings." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 86, no. 3 (2007): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600077817.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAlluvial architecture has been subject of many studies because of the occurrence of natural resources in ancient fluvial successions. This paper provides an overview of the current state of research on alluvial architecture with special reference to Holocene fluvio-deltaic settings. Several examples from modern fluvio-deltaic areas, especially the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) and the Lower Mississippi Valley (U.S.A.), are used to illustrate the architectural elements that can be distinguished in fluvial successions and to show the influence of the various controls on alluvial architecture (base level, climate, tectonism, aggradation, avulsion, and compaction). Avulsion is regarded as a principal process in the formation of fluvio-deltaic sequences, because it determines the location and number of active channels on the floodplain. The avulsion mechanism is still subject of debate, though. A brief description of the evolution of process-based alluvial-architecture models is given. These models simulate the proportion and distribution of coarse-grained channel belts in fine-grained overbank deposits. The major drawback of the present-day alluvial-architecture models is the lack of (three-dimensional) quantitative field data to test and validate them. The paper concludes with the suggestion to collect more architectural data from natural fluvial settings, to improve simulation of channel-belt geometry in alluvial-architecture models, and to implement new data and knowledge of fluvial processes into models.
6
Wallet, Bradley C., and Oswaldo Davogustto. "Integrating phase into the visualization of spectral decomposition attributes." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (2015): SS73—SS86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0281.1.
Full textAbstract:
Much of the world’s conventional oil and gas production comes from fluvial-deltaic reservoirs. The ability to accurately interpret the architectural elements comprising these systems greatly reduces the risk in exploration and development in these environments. We have evaluated methods for using spectral decomposition attributes to improve the visualization in fluvial-deltaic environments using data from the Middle Pennsylvanian age Red Fork Formation of Oklahoma. We determined how spectral phase and magnitude attributes can be effectively combined using an hue-saturation-value color map to produce images that have considerable interpretational value. Incorporating our methods in the interpretation process has the potential to improve the exploration and development in these systems.
7
Olsen, Henrik. "Coarsening upward sequences - the products of laterally established river subsystems, M. Devonian, Hornelen Basin, Norway." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 36 (December 31, 1987): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1988-36-03.
Full textAbstract:
Investigations of sedimentary sequences in a marginal part of Homelen Basin (M. Devonian, W Norway) have resulted in the interpretation of gradually established fluvial and fluviodeltaic subsystems adjacent to a major river system. A succession of 8 coarsening upward (CU) sequences (4.5---19 m thick) wad studied. Three sequence types are recognized: sequence type A, B and C. The lower part of all sequence types is composed of silty lacustrine flood basin deposits. The upper part of all sequence types is composed of sandy low sinuosity fluvial channel deposits. The middle part of the three sequence types is composed of sandy sheet splay deposits (sequence type A), crevasse splay deposits (sequence type B) and deltaic mouth bar deposits (sequence type C). The genesis og the different types of CU sequences is explained by repeated lateral establishments of fluvial and fluvio-deltaic subsystems adjacent to a major humid fan-like river system. The establishment of the subsystems occurred in four phases: I) Initial fine-grained overbank flows into flood badin lakes. II) Sheet splay flows and/or crevasse splay flows. III) Establishment of distributary channels and associated deltaic mouth bars. IV) Progradation of channel/mouth bar couplets and filling up of the flood basin lakes.
8
Farooqui, Anjum, T. Karuna Karudu, D. Rajasekhara Reddy, and Ravi Mishra. "Organic matter depositional microenvironment in deltaic channel deposits of Mahanadi river, Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, no. 2 (2009): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i2.58.
Full textAbstract:
Quantitative and qualitative variations in microscopic plant organic matter assemblages and its preservation state in deltaic channel deposits of Mahanadi River was correlated with the depositional environment in the ecosystem in order to prepare a modern analogue for use in palaeoenvironment studies. For this, palynological and palynofacies study was carried out in 57 surface sediment samples from Birupa river System, Kathjodi-Debi River system and Kuakhai River System constituting Upper, Middle and Lower Deltaic part of Mahanadi river. Theapex of the delta shows dominance of Spirogyra algae indicating high nutrient, low energy shallow ecosystem during most of the year and recharged only during monsoons. The depositional environment is anoxic to dysoxic in the central and south-eastern part of the Middle Deltaic Plain (MDP) and Lower Deltaic Plain (LDP) indicated by high percentage of nearby palynomorphs, Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and algal or fungal spores. The northern part of the delta show high POM preservation only in the estuarine area in LDP but high Amorphous Organic Matter (MOA) in MDP. The sediment here is deposited under dysoxic to oxic fluvial conditions. Thus, the monsoon intensity, direction of fluvial discharge, and the landward extent of sea water incursion through river mouths inducing bottom water salinity play an important role in defining the magnitude of POM and its preservation in the shallow Mahanadi deltaic ecosystem.
9
Wu, Chenliang, Jeffrey A. Nittrouer, Travis Swanson, et al. "Dune-scale cross-strata across the fluvial-deltaic backwater regime: Preservation potential of an autogenic stratigraphic signature." Geology 48, no. 12 (2020): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47601.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dune-scale cross-beds are a fundamental building block of fluvial-deltaic stratigraphy and have been recognized on Earth and other terrestrial planets. The architecture of these stratal elements reflects bed-form dynamics that are dependent on river hydrodynamic conditions, and previous work has documented a multitude of scaling relationships to describe the morphodynamic interactions between dunes and fluid flow. However, these relationships are predicated on normal flow conditions for river systems and thus may be unsuitable for application in fluvial-deltaic settings that are impacted by nonuniform flow. The ways in which dune dimensions vary systematically due to the influence of reach-averaged, nonuniform flow, and how such changes may be encoded in dune cross-strata, have not been investigated. Herein, we explored the influence of backwater flow on dune geometry in a large modern fluvial channel and its implications for interpretation of systematic variability in dune cross-strata in outcrop-scale stratigraphy. This was accomplished by analyzing high-resolution channel-bed topography data for the lowermost 410 km of the Mississippi River, which revealed that dune size increases to a maximum before decreasing toward the river outlet. This spatial variability coincides with enhanced channel-bed aggradation and decreasing dune celerity, which arise due to backwater hydrodynamics. An analytical model of bed-form stratification, identifying spatial variability of cross-set thickness, indicates a prominent downstream decrease over the backwater region. These findings can be used to inform studies of ancient fluvial-deltaic settings, by bolstering assessments of proximity to the marine terminus and associated spatially varying paleohydraulics.
10
Begg, S. H., Alexandra Kay, E. R. Gustason, and P. F. Angert. "Characterization of a Complex Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoir for Simulation." SPE Formation Evaluation 11, no. 03 (1996): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28398-pa.
Full text
11
Marquis, Robert, and P. Stephen Kumarapeli. "An Early Cambrian deltaic–fluvial model for an Iapetan rift-arm drainage system, southeastern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (1993): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-107.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the model that during the rifting stage beginning at ca. 590 Ma, the Ottawa Graben, an Iapetan failed arm, localized a large river that flowed into the nascent Iapetus, a search was made for the related fluvial and deltaic deposits. The search led to the identification of fluvial deposits as predicted by the model. Deltaic deposits were also identified despite complications brought about by deformation, metamorphism, and thrusting, although they probably belong to a late phase of delta buildup in the Early Cambrian. Older deltaic deposits of the river probably lie buried beneath a volcanic shield that built up at the proximal end of the graben ca. 554 Ma. The successful application of the model supports the paradigm of rift-arm – failed-arm rivers and their deltas as proposed by K. Burke and J.F. Dewey nearly two decades ago. Investigations based on this paradigm, in appropriate geological situations, may provide insights into problems related to continental rifting and breakup and provide information for the reconstruction of ancient rift–rift–rift (rrr) triple junctions and plate boundaries.
12
Melehan, Sean, Chrysanthos Botziolis, Angelos G. Maravelis, et al. "Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of an Upper Permian Sedimentary Succession: Northern Sydney Basin, Southeastern Australia." Geosciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070273.
Full textAbstract:
This study integrates sedimentological and stratigraphic insights into the Upper Permian sedimentary rocks of the Wittingham, Tomago and Newcastle Coal Measures in the Northern Sydney Basin, Australia. Facies analysis documented fifteen facies that belong to seven facies associations. These facies associations correspond to different depositional environments and sub-environments including prodelta, delta-front, upper, lower delta-plain and fluvial. The stratigraphic development points to a shallowing upward trend and is reflected with fluvial deposits sitting on top of the deltaic deposits. The fluvio-deltaic contact is represented by an unconformity and displays an upward increase in sediment caliber. The delta front is mainly controlled by wave, storms- and/or river currents, even though the contribution of tides also occurs in the form of sedimentary structures that suggest tidal influence. In contrast, prodelta and delta-plain are significantly modulated by tidal currents. The impact of tides in the delta plain is fading away upward and therefore, the upper delta plain is much less impacted compared to the lower delta plain. The low abundance of wave ripples suggests that the wave action was not very important in the delta plain. Steep topographic gradients and increased sediment input are suggested, based on the limited or absent evidence of tides in the fluvial realm, related to the growing New England Orogen. In sequence stratigraphic terms, the deltaic system accumulated during highstand normal regression, while the deposition of the overlying fluvial system occurred during lowstand normal regression. The two systems are separated by a subaerial unconformity developed during an intervening forced regression. Short periods of transgression are inferred from the presence of higher frequency cycles in the delta-front.
13
Thornburg, Jesse D., Kenneth G. Miller, and James V. Browning. "Sequence stratigraphic framework of the mid-Cretaceous nonmarine Potomac Formation, New Jersey and Delaware." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 7 (2020): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.53.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT We developed a sequence stratigraphic framework for the (Barremian to lower Cenomanian) fluvial–deltaic (primarily delta plain) Potomac Formation in the Medford, New Jersey, Fort Mott, New Jersey, and Summit Marina, Delaware coreholes. Previous studies have correlated distinctive lithologic units with attendant pollen zones and identified tentative sequence boundaries between lithologic units I (Barremian to lower Aptian, pollen Zone I), II (Aptian to lowermost Cenomanian, pollen Zone II), and III (lower Cenomanian, pollen Zone III) at all three sites. Here, we further subdivide these units into packages known as fluvial aggradation cycles (FACs). An analysis of FAC stacking patterns reveals potential sequence boundaries and systems tracts. FACs indicate that major lithologic unit boundaries are also sequence boundaries, indicate tentative higher-order sequence boundaries, and provide potential additional correlative surfaces among Potomac Formation sites. Our study demonstrates the applicability of the FAC method to identify stacking patterns and sequence stratigraphic surfaces in fluvial–deltaic deposits and demonstrates that FACs are excellent tools to decipher the difficult-to-correlate surfaces.
14
Rey, Tony, David Lefevre, and Claude Vella. "Deltaic plain development and environmental changes in the Petite Camargue, Rhone Delta, France, in the past 2000 years." Quaternary Research 71, no. 3 (2009): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.10.007.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe deltaic plain of the Petite Camargue which constitutes the western part of the Rhone Delta, began its main progradation around 2000 yr ago. Several delta lobes follow each other and have participated in the deltaic evolution. The deltaic lobes have distinct morphologies which reflect the dynamic fluvial and marine processes under the influence of climatic and human controls. Two delta lobe systems were built by the Daladel and Peccaïs channels, after which a deflected wave-influenced delta lobe was formed by the La Ville and Saint-Roman channels. The latest channel, the Rhone Vif channel, is skewed because this channel was completely canalized and engineered up to its mouth in the beginning of the 16th century. Since the avulsion of this channel about 1550 A.D., the coastline of the Petite Camargue has been especially affected by the influence of waves and currents. The spits replaced the beach ridges which juxtaposed themselves and have migrated westward since the 16th century. The formation of the western part of the delta in the last 2000 yr is affected by not only the fluvial sedimentary fluxes and the coastal dynamics to the mouth but also climatic change and human influence.
15
Pouderoux, Hugo F., Per K. Pedersen, and Adam B. Coderre. "Fluvial reservoirs stacked in thin deltaic successions of the Lower Cretaceous Grand Rapids Formation, east-central Alberta, Canada." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (2015): T207—T232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0100.1.
Full textAbstract:
The Manatokan Field in east-central Alberta offers a unique opportunity to characterize paralic sandstone reservoirs in 3D using a dense network of well data (approximately [Formula: see text]). Within the [Formula: see text] study area, the 100-m thick Lower Cretaceous Grand Rapids Formation is dominantly composed of sediment deposited in two depositional environments: river-dominated deltas and marine-influenced fluvial rivers. Up to 33 individual fluvial bodies, occurring at five stratigraphic levels and eroding into deltaic parasequences, are identified in the oil-charged upper part of the formation. The width and thickness of fluvial bodies typically range from 50 to 9000 m and from 5 to 50 m, respectively. Examination of cores, wireline logs, and strategically located 3D seismic data indicates that fluvial bodies are dominantly filled by inclined heterolithic deposits emplaced as downflow translation point bars (PBs) separated by mud-filled abandoned channels. Although individual PBs are relatively small ([Formula: see text]), the dense subsurface data set provides the means to build facies maps that illustrate their internal architecture and the distribution of reservoir heterogeneities. Reservoir-quality sandstone occurs on the upstream portion of PBs and usually forms continuous beds along the base of fluvial bodies that extend underneath abandoned channel deposits. High reservoir connectivity along the base of these heterolithic fluvial bodies constitutes a major advantage for heavy oil reservoir production driven by gravity. Core evidences also indicate potential communication between fluvial bodies and surrounding deltaic sandstones or older underlying fluvial reservoirs, which may lead to unexpected results during field development. The Grand Rapids Formation provides a good subsurface analogue of complex marginal-marine clastic reservoirs, and its study may help to explain unanticipated production results in similar hydrocarbon areas.
16
Payenberg, T. H. D., and S. C. Lang. "RESERVOIR GEOMETRY OF FLUVIAL DISTRIBUTARY CHANNELS—IMPLICATIONS FOR NORTHWEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA, DELTAIC SUCCESSIONS." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02017.
Full textAbstract:
The exploration and development of stratigraphically trapped hydrocarbons requires detailed knowledge of the morphologies and reservoir characteristics of the stratigraphic body. Fluvial distributary channels are important exploration targets because they are typically isolated reservoirs, laterally and vertically sealed by delta plain and abandoned channel mudstone, and thus form excellent stratigraphic traps. The morphology and reservoir characteristics of fluvial distributary channels have been confused with fluvial channels in the past. Knowing the characteristics of fluvial distributary channels and their difference from fluvial channels is the key to the successful exploration and development of distributary channel reservoirs.Fluvial distributary channels, formed by mixed-load systems, are commonly rectilinear channel segments found only on the delta plain between the head of passes and the depositional mouthbars. While fluvial channel reservoirs are mainly sandstone deposits of meander pointbars or braided sheets, fluvial distributary channel reservoirs are typically elongated sandy channel sidebars attached to morphologically rectilinear channel walls. The sidebars form by both lateral and downstream accretion resulting from flow in a confined, but lowsinuosity thalweg, which may be filled with organic mud following channel abandonment. On 3D seismic data the morphology of a fluvial distributary channel is often slightly sinuous and can easily be mistaken for part of a meander channel belt.Fluvial distributary channels are usually thinner and shallower compared to their updip fluvial channel belts. Width-thickness ratios for fluvial distributary channel reservoirs are on average 50:1 (range 15:1 to 100:1), while meandering fluvial channel reservoirs have widththickness ratios typically >100:1, and braided river reservoirs show ratios of 500:1 or higher. Examples from the Mahakam Delta are used to illustrate these issues. Implications for exploration and development of deltaic deposits on the North West Shelf of Australia are discussed.
17
Young, R. W., K. L. White, and D. M. Price. "Fluvial deposition on the Shoalhaven deltaic plain, Southern New South Wales." Australian Geographer 27, no. 2 (1996): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189608703169.
Full text
18
Olsen, T. "Photogrammetric mapping of fluvial channel sand-bodies in the Atane Formation at Paatuut, Nuussuaq, central West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 156 (January 1, 1992): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v156.8190.
Full textAbstract:
Upper Cretaceous deltaic sediments from the Atane Formation are well exposed in a series of steep-sided gullies at Paatuut on the south coast of Nuussuaq. The large exposures within the gullies allowed a large-scale sedimentological investigation of delta stratigraphy, sand-body geometry and fluvial style of the distributary channels. Multi-model photogrammetry was applied in several ways. Photogrammetric mapping of good exposures within the area produced accurate vertical sections up to 2 km long and 0.5 km high. A bed to bed stratigraphy of the delta cycles was established and the sand-bodies within each cycle correlated. The horizontal extent of the sand-bodies was subsequently mapped photogrammetrically using the already orientated stereomodels. This mapping allowed a three-dimensional interpretation of the sand-body geometry. Cross-sections of the sand-bodies and the sand-body geometry formed the basis for the interpretation of the fluvial style of the distributary channels. Using the three-dimensional photogrammetric data the width/thickness ratio, the sinuosity and the shape of sand-bodies as well as of palaeochannels are described. These data are useful when modelling the reservoir geometry in deltaic hydrocarbon fields.
19
Flett, Matthew, Julie Cass, and Jack Harfoushian. "Defining net reservoir using the dual packer wireline formation tester: a case study from the Clio, Acme, and Acme West fields." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12002.
Full textAbstract:
The Clio, Acme, and Acme West gas fields lie in the WA-42-R permit in the Carnarvon Basin, offshore WA. The reservoirs at the Clio, Acme, and Acme West fields generally have excellent reservoir characteristics with multi-Darcy permeabilities. Some additional potential may occur in more marginal-quality reservoirs. To determine the potential of the marginal sands, a dual packer wireline formation tester (WFT) was used to constrain petrophysical cut-offs of the target Mungaroo and Brigadier formations, which consist of fluvial and deltaic reservoirs. A decision-based approach in the application of the dual packer WFT has allowed for systematic evaluation of the dynamic behavior of each depositional environment at proposed reservoir cut-offs, and has provided insight into the flow mechanisms controlling productivity in the near-well environment The controls on reservoir quality between these two depositional environments are very different. The fluvial reservoirs are characterised by large ranges of permeability variation for very small changes in porosity as a function of grain-size variation. The dual packer WFT stations conducted in the Clio–3 fluvial sands demonstrate the role of entry pressure to gas charge, and allowed for the quantification of the minimum total porosity needed for net reservoir to be present in the well The sands in the sand/shale laminae of the deltaic environment have much less reservoir quality variation than the sands in the fluvial system. Reservoir quality is controlled by the connectivity of these sands both laterally and vertically. Sand connectivity is inferred from neutron density crossover, and is tested with dual packer WFT stations at Acme West–2 The integration of data gathered at the Clio–3 and Acme West–2 dual packer WFT stations has been used to establish net-to-gross cut-offs applied to these reservoirs
20
Schmelz, William J., Kenneth G. Miller, Gregory S. Mountain, James V. Browning, and Kimberly E. Baldwin. "Onshore–offshore correlations of Cretaceous fluvial-deltaic sequences, southern Baltimore Canyon trough." AAPG Bulletin 104, no. 2 (2020): 411–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/05061918197.
Full text
21
MARTINSEN, OLE J. "Fluvial, inertia-dominated deltaic deposition in the Namurian (Carboniferous) of northern England." Sedimentology 37, no. 6 (1990): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb01848.x.
Full text
22
Wing, Scott L. "Depositional Environments of Plant Bearing Sediments." Paleontological Society Special Publications 3 (1988): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200004858.
Full textAbstract:
Plants can become incorporated into the sediments of virtually any environment, from the oozes of abyssal plains to the silts and sands of delta fronts to brecciated mudflows of volcanic origin. However there is a much narrower range of sedimentary environments in which identifiable plant remains are found in abundance. Generally speaking these are the very shallow or subaerial portions of deltas and estuaries, the channels and floodplains of fluvial systems, lakes of all sizes, ash-falls, and mass-flow deposits such as mudflows. For the purposes of this paper peat swamps are considered as unusual subtypes of deltaic and fluvial environments in which clastic input is low relative to organic accumulation.
23
Nienhuis, Jaap H., Andrew D. Ashton, Albert J. Kettner, and Liviu Giosan. "Large-scale coastal and fluvial models constrain the late Holocene evolution of the Ebro Delta." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 3 (2017): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-585-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The distinctive plan-view shape of the Ebro Delta coast reveals a rich morphologic history. The degree to which the form and depositional history of the Ebro and other deltas represent autogenic (internal) dynamics or allogenic (external) forcing remains a prominent challenge for paleo-environmental reconstructions. Here we use simple coastal and fluvial morphodynamic models to quantify paleo-environmental changes affecting the Ebro Delta over the late Holocene. Our findings show that these models are able to broadly reproduce the Ebro Delta morphology, with simple fluvial and wave climate histories. Based on numerical model experiments and the preserved and modern shape of the Ebro Delta plain, we estimate that a phase of rapid shoreline progradation began approximately 2100 years BP, requiring approximately a doubling in coarse-grained fluvial sediment supply to the delta. River profile simulations suggest that an instantaneous and sustained increase in coarse-grained sediment supply to the delta requires a combined increase in both flood discharge and sediment supply from the drainage basin. The persistence of rapid delta progradation throughout the last 2100 years suggests an anthropogenic control on sediment supply and flood intensity. Using proxy records of the North Atlantic Oscillation, we do not find evidence that changes in wave climate aided this delta expansion. Our findings highlight how scenario-based investigations of deltaic systems using simple models can assist first-order quantitative paleo-environmental reconstructions, elucidating the effects of past human influence and climate change, and allowing a better understanding of the future of deltaic landforms.
24
Sztanó, Orsolya, Michal Kováč, Imre Magyar, et al. "Late Miocene sedimentary record of the Danube/Kisalföld Basin: interregional correlation of depositional systems, stratigraphy and structural evolution." Geologica Carpathica 67, no. 6 (2016): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2016-0033.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Danube / Kisalföld Basin is the north-western sub-basin of the Pannonian Basin System. The lithostratigraphic subdivision of the several-km-thick Upper Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary succession related to Lake Pannon has been developed independently in Slovakia and Hungary. A study of the sedimentary formations across the entire basin led us to claim that these formations are identical or similar between the two basin parts to such an extent that their correlation is indeed a matter of nomenclature only. Nemčiňany corresponds to the Kálla Formation, representing locally derived coarse clastics along the basin margins (11- 9.5 Ma). The deep lacustrine sediments are collectively designated the Ivanka Formation in Slovakia, while in Hungary they are subdivided into Szák (fine-grained transgressive deposits above basement highs, 10.5 - 8.9 Ma), Endrőd (deep lacustrine marls, 11.6 -10 Ma), Szolnok (turbidites, 10.5 - 9.2 Ma) and Algyő Formations (fine-grained slope deposits, 10 - 9 Ma). The Beladice Formation represents shallow lacustrine deltaic deposits, fully corresponding to Újfalu (10.5 - 8.7 Ma). The overlying fluvial deposits are the Volkovce and Zagyva Formations (10 - 6 Ma). The synoptic description and characterization of these sediments offer a basin-wide insight into the development of the basin during the Late Miocene. The turbidite systems, the slope, the overlying deltaic and fluvial systems are all genetically related and are coeval at any time slice after the regression of Lake Pannon initiated about 10 Ma ago. All these formations get younger towards the S, SE as the progradation of the shelf-slope went on. The basin got filled up to lake level by 8.7 Ma, since then fluvial deposition dominated.
25
Mustoe, George E. "Eocene bird tracks from the Chuckanut Formation, northwest Washington." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (1993): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-102.
Full textAbstract:
Early Tertiary nonmarine sediments occur as a discontinuous series of outcrops that extends throughout large areas of northwest Washington and southwestern British Columbia. These fluvial and deltaic deposits contain abundant plant fossils, but faunal remains are rare. The recent discovery of an outcrop of Chuckanut Formation arkose containing nine fossil bird tracks provides the first clear evidence of terrestrial vertebrate life in the extensive coastal wetland zone that existed prior to the uplift of the Cascade Range.
26
Shaw, John. "Geomorphic Evidence of Postglacial Terrestrial Environments on Atlantic Canadian Continental Shelves." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 59, no. 2-3 (2007): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014752ar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Changes in the geography of Atlantic Canada since the last glacial maximum (LGM) are grouped into three phases. The first phase (LGM – ca. 13 ka BP) commences with glaciers at the edge of the continental shelves, and ends with the glaciers having retreated to near modern coasts. In the second phase (ca. 13 ka BP‑10 ka BP), glaciers were mainly on land; on the continental shelves there were scattered small ice caps and an outer-shelf archipelago. Early in phase three, beginning ca. 10 ka BP, glaciers were largely absent, and the archipelago was gradually submerging; elsewhere, falling relative sea levels caused emergence. Multibeam sonar mapping has revealed the geomorphic evidence of submerged terrestrial environments of phases II and III, including fluvial, deltaic, and coastal systems. The best-preserved fluvial systems are in Northumberland Strait and the Bras d’Or Lakes. Elsewhere, multibeam bathymetric data allow discrimination between fluvial and non-fluvial channels. Deltas were mainly preserved in the special circumstances of Newfoundland fjords. Submerged coastal systems are common in the Bras d’Or Lakes, but rare elsewhere. Landscape preservation is ascribed to special circumstances. Paleogeographic reconstructions have applications in the field of evolutionary biology and archaeology.
27
Hein, Frances J., James P. M. Syvitski, Lynda A. Dredge, and Bernard F. Long. "Quaternary sedimentation and marine placers along the North Shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 3 (1993): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-043.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore areas, along the North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary, have major lithostratigraphic and seismostratigraphic units that relate to the advance or retreat of the Late Wisconsinan Ice Sheet, subsequent marine transgression or regression, and reworking of postglacial deposits. Glacial diamicton and glaciomarine units (acoustic units 1 and 2) were emplaced between >18 and 14.5 ka, by basal meltout or ice-marginal sedimentation; they reflect ice-proximal sedimentation associated with ice-terminal stillstands. Deep-water muds (acoustic unit 3) represent ice-distal accumulation of glaciomarine sediment from glaciofluvial plumes between 13.5 and 11 ka. After this time exceptionally thick nearshore coarse-grained deltaic and estuarine successions (acoustic unit 4) were deposited. The uppermost postglacial sediment (acoustic unit 5) forms the seabed and reflects a reworking phase concomitant with a lowering sea level and ablating Late Wisconsinan ice sheets.Glacioisostatic rebound, which occurred about 23 ka to the present, uplifted glacial and marine deposits and resulted in extensive reworking and production of modern placers. Heavy-mineral concentrations vary as follows: terrestrial tills, 9–20%; modem storm-berm and delta top deposits, 43–60%; delta slope deposits, 25–55%; and deep (170+ m) offshore sediments, 0–2%. Three stages occurred in marine placer formation: (1) 6700 BP, fluvial discharge was high, and fluvial-dominated deltas were built; marine limit was 30 m asl, with progradation of deltas and delivery of sediments with at most 2% heavy minerals; (2) 5200 BP, fluvial discharge was reduced; marine limit was 15 m asl, deltaic sediments were reworked, increasing heavy mineral concentration to 2–8%; (3) 2800 BP, fluvial input was greatly reduced, waves and tides were more influential, a strong littoral current system developed, causing significant reworking of nearshore sediments, heavy mineral concentrations increased, with values exceeding 20% locally. Mass budget calculations show that the second-cycle reworked sediment (acoustic unit 5) is a potential economic target (1 km3, or 1700 Mt). If 7% (using atomic weights) of this target sediment is ilmenite (FeTiO3). then 27 Mt of titanium may be available.
28
Hammer, Erik, Mai Britt E. Mørk, and Arve Næss. "Facies controls on the distribution of diagenesis and compaction in fluvial-deltaic deposits." Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, no. 8 (2010): 1737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.11.002.
Full text
29
Ralston, David K., W. Rockwell Geyer, Peter A. Traykovski, and Nicholas J. Nidzieko. "Effects of estuarine and fluvial processes on sediment transport over deltaic tidal flats." Continental Shelf Research 60 (June 2013): S40—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.004.
Full text
30
Lalitha, Manickam, Subramanian Dharumarajan, Beeman Kalaiselvi, et al. "Hydrochemical characterization and groundwater quality in Cauvery deltaic fluvial plains of Southern India." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 33 (2021): 44861–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13467-8.
Full text
31
Nicholson, Uisdean, Andrew Carter, Paula Robinson, and David I. M. Macdonald. "Eocene–Recent drainage evolution of the Colorado River and its precursor: an integrated provenance perspective from SW California." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 488, no. 1 (2018): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp488-2019-272.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Colorado River in the SW of the USA is one of Earth's few continental-scale rivers with an active margin delta. Deformation along this transform margin, as well as associated intra-plate strain, has resulted in significant changes in sediment routing from the continental interior and post-depositional translation of older deltaic units. The oldest candidate deposits, fluvial sandstones of the Eocene Sespe Group, are now exposed in the Santa Monica Mountains, 300 km to the north of the Colorado River. Heavy mineral data from this basin indicate that sediment was sourced by a large river system, with some affinity to the early Pliocene Colorado River, but was unlikely to have been integrated across the Colorado Plateau. Sedimentological and mineralogical evidence from the earliest (c. 5.3 Ma) unequivocal Colorado River-derived sediments in the Salton Trough provide evidence for a rapid transition from locally derived sedimentation. Lack of evidence for a precursor phase of suspended-load sediment suggests that drainage capture took place in a proximal position, favouring a ‘top-down’ process of lake spillover. Following drainage integration, significant changes in heavy mineral assemblages of fluvio-deltaic sediments, particularly evident from apatite–tourmaline and garnet–zircon indices, as well as U–Pb ages of detrital zircons, document the integration of the fluvial system to its present form and progressive incision of the Colorado Plateau from the Miocene to the present.
32
Navarrete-Rodríguez, Gabycarmen, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez, and Fabiola Lango-Reynoso. "Geoacumulation of Heavy Metals in Sediment of the Fluvial–Lagoon–Deltaic System of the Palizada River, Campeche, Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030969.
Full textAbstract:
The fluvial–lagoon–deltaic system of the Palizada River in Campeche is an ecosystem of socioeconomic and ecological importance. It is justifiable to carry out studies in this system due to its connection with another larger ecosystem called the Términos Lagoon. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the concentration of Pb and Cd in sediments of the fluvial–lagoon–deltaic system of the Palizada River and to determine, with this, the contamination index of these metals. Cd showed the highest concentration in sampling sites and climatic seasons with respect to Pb, with a maximum value of 53.9 ± 5.0, while the Pb concentration was 10.4 ± 0.2 μg∙g−1. The same tendency was present with pollution and geoaccumulation indexes; here, the Cd index stands out. The enrichment of heavy metals was identified through the accumulation of Cd and Pb; such a process was evaluated through the geoacumulation index (Igeo). The results of this indicated that the contamination of these elements is mainly of anthropogenic origin. This element represents an ecological toxic risk due to the chronic presence of heavy metals in a priority area for the conservation of aquatic and terrestrial biota such as the Palizada system, owing to its high toxicity even at low concentrations. Thus, it is important to evaluate its sublethal effects in the organisms that inhabit this system, which requires the implementation of integral monitoring.
33
Chen, Zhongyuan, Zhenglou Chen, and Weigou Zhang. "Quaternary Stratigraphy and Trace-Element Indices of the Yangtze Delta, Eastern China, with Special Reference to Marine Transgressions." Quaternary Research 47, no. 2 (1997): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1878.
Full textAbstract:
The Quaternary stratigraphy of the Yangtze delta has been revealed by a deep (344.64 m) continuous borehole, the sediments of which are divided into four sections, the Early (Q1), Middle (Q2), and Late Pleistocene (Q3), and the Holocene (Q4). Six lithofacies include lacustrine, fluvial, coastal, drowned river channel, deltaic, and shallow marine in these time periods. The fluvial and lacustrine lithofacies prevailed during Q1and Q2; coastal and drowned river channel lithofacies periodically appeared in Q1, Q2, and Q3; shallow marine lithofacies dominated Q3; and deltaic lithofacies occurred in Q4. Based on stratigraphy, four transgressive events are inferred. Trace-element (Sr, Ba, B, Ga, V) content and ratios of Sr/Ba and B/Ga are considered with regard to their distribution in the various lithofacies. Geochemical facies criteria are established based on combined diagnostic indices: Sr > 160 ppm, B > 90 ppm, Sr/Ba > 0.35, B/Ga > 4.0 for the shallow marine lithofacies; Sr < 90 ppm, B < 50 ppm, Sr/Ba < 0.2, B/Ga < 2.5 for the terrigenous lithofacies. These indices correspond well to paleosalinity data obtained using the sedimentary phosphate method (Ca/Ca + Fe). Transgressive events identified by the geochemical indices are mostly the same as reflected by marine fossils. Nevertheless, geochemical indices can indicate the occurrence of a weak transgression, where marine fossils are rare.
34
Lang, S. C., J. Kassan, J. M. Benson, C. A. Grasso, and L. C. Avenell. "APPLICATIONS OF MODERN AND ANCIENT GEOLOGICAL ANALOGUES IN CHARACTERISATION OF FLUVIAL AND FLUVIAL-LACUSTRINE DELTAIC RESERVOIRS IN THE COOPER BASIN." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99023.
Full textAbstract:
Reservoir characterisation in fluvial and fluvial- lacustrine delta successions is enhanced by the use of appropriate modern and ancient analogues to understand subsurface reservoir architecture and to help build appropriately scaled reservoir models. Two case studies of reservoir characterisation in the Cooper Basin are used to illustrate the value of analogues. Firstly the Late Permian Toolachee Formation crevasse splay reservoirs of the Cooper Basin, southwest Queensland are outlined, and analogues from the Ob River in Western Siberia illustrate the relative scale of crevasse splay deposits within avulsion belts in a cool-temperate peat-forming environment. The South Blackwater coal mine in the Permian Bowen Basin is used as an analogue to quantify the 3D geometry and reservoir architecture of crevasse splays and to highlight subsurface reservoir heterogeneity.Secondly, the Early Permian Epsilon Formation shallow water lacustrine delta reservoirs are outlined, and analogues from the extant geometry of the distributary channels and relict mouth bar deposits from the fluvial dominated Neales Delta in Lake Eyre are used to interpret flow rate decline trends and probable reservoir architecture. The subsurface Tertiary lacustrine deltaic complex of the Sirikit Field from the Phitsanulok Basin, central Thailand, is selected as an ancient analogue for the multistorey reservoirs developed within amalgamated mouth bar complexes intersected in the lower Epsilon Formation.
35
Gouw, M. J. P., and G. Erkens. "Architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) - A result of changing external controls." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 86, no. 1 (2007): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021302.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta is formed under the influence of sea-level rise, tectonics, and variations in discharge and sediment supply. This paper aims to determine the relative importance of these external controls to improve our understanding of the evolution of the Rhine-Meuse fluvio-deltaic system. To do this, the geological and lithological composition of the fluvio-deltaic wedge has to be known in detail, both in space and time. This study presents five cross-valley sections in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, based on almost 2000 shallow borings. Over 130 14C dates provide detailed time control and are used to draw time lines in the sections. Distinct spatio-temporal trends in the composition of the Holocene fluvio-deltaic wedge were found. In the upstream delta, the Holocene succession is characterised by stacked channel belts encased in clastic flood basin deposits through which several palaeo-A-horizon levels are traceable. In a downstream direction, the fluvio-deltaic wedge thickens from 3 to 7 m. The Holocene succession in the downstream cross sections formed from <8000 cal yr BP onwards and is characterised by single channel belts encased in organic flood basin deposits. The main part of the organic beds accumulated between 6000 and 3000 cal yr BP. After 3000 cal yr BP, clastic deposition dominated throughout the delta, indicating an increase in the area of clastic sedimentation. The Holocene fluvio-deltaic wedge is subdivided into three segments based on the relative importance of eustatic sea-level rise, subsidence, and upstream controls (discharge and sediment supply). Before 5000 cal yr BP, eustatic sea-level rise controlled the build-up of the wedge. After eustatic sea-level rise ceased, subsidence was dominant from 5000 to 3000 cal yr BP. From 3000 cal yr BP onwards, increased sediment supply and discharge from the hinterland controlled the formation of the fluvio-deltaic wedge. A significant part of the present-day Rhine-Meuse fluvio-deltaic wedge aggraded after eustatic sea-level rise ceased. We therefore conclude that external controls other than eustatic sea-level rise were also of major importance for the formation of the fluvio-deltaic wedge. Because this is probably true for other aggrading fluvial systems at continental margins as well, all external controls should be addressed to when interpreting (ancient) fluvio-deltaic successions.
36
Wang, Zhiguo, Jinghuai Gao, Ping Wang, and Xiudi Jiang. "The analytic wavelet transform with generalized Morse wavelets to detect fluvial channels in the Bohai Bay Basin, China." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 4 (2016): O1—O9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0396.1.
Full textAbstract:
The Middle Miocene Minghuazhen Formation of the Bohai Bay Basin is dominated by fluvial channels and shallow-lacustrine deltaic systems. These depositional facies, along with complex postdepositional faulting, make it difficult to detect fluvial channels. As a useful seismic attribute to solve this problem in the Bohai Bay Basin, spectral decomposition of 3D seismic data can provide significant information to understand the subsurface fluvial channels. The analytic wavelet transform (AWT) is a promising approach for implementing spectral decomposition to provide a detailed time-frequency representation. In particular, by varying two parameters (beta and gamma) controlling the wavelet forms, the generalized Morse wavelets (GMWs) can be given a broad range of characteristics while remaining exactly analytic. To detect fluvial channels with thickness around and lower than the tuning thickness, we have proposed a suitable (beta = 1 and gamma = 3) pair of parameters for GMWs because such an exactly analytic Morse wavelet substantially outperforms the approximately analytic Morlet wavelet for high time localization. We have applied the AWT with a GMW (beta = 1 and gamma = 3) to 3D seismic data in the Lower Minghuazhen Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, China. The stratal slicing of spectral decomposition volumes at depositional cycle 2 of the Lower Minghuazhen Formation shows its potential for channel interpretation and the optimization of well patterns.
37
Rainbird, R. H., and J. A. Donaldson. "Nonglaciogenic deltaic deposits in the early Proterozoic Gowganda Formation, Cobalt Basin, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 5 (1988): 710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-067.
Full textAbstract:
The Gowganda Formation in the eastern part of the Cobalt Basin comprises the Coleman Member and the conformably overlying Firstbrook Member. The Firstbrook Member differs from the Coleman Member in that its lithofacies display (i) marked lateral continuity, (ii) abundant diagenetic red colouration, (iii) evidence of tidal deposition, and (iv) a lack of glaciogenic features. The Firstbrook Member is here divided into a mud-dominated lower facies, a silt-dominated middle facies, and sand-dominated upper facies. These are respectively equated with the prodelta, delta slope, and delta foreslope subenvironments of a prograding river-dominated deltaic wedge composed of coalescing deltas (probably braid deltas). The deltaic wedge was likely fed by a fluvial system analogous to the braidplain system that prevailed during deposition of the overlying Lorrain Formation. Uninterrupted delta progradation is suggested by a single coarsening-upward sequence up to 535 m thick. Deposition probably occurred within a marine rather than lacustrine basin.
38
Gray, T. A., F. X. Jian, and I. J. Taggart. "A CRITICAL COMPARISON OF KRIGING, FRACTAL AND INDICATOR KRIGING TECHNIQUES." APPEA Journal 33, no. 1 (1993): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj92024.
Full textAbstract:
Geological and geostatistical characterisation of reservoir heterogeneities is becoming increasingly popular for the maximisation of oil production from existing oil fields. Many geostatistical techniques, such as kriging, fractal and indicator kriging, have become available either in published or commercial forms. There is, however, little information available and even fewer comparisons between methods to guide users in this area. This paper compares oil recovery performance based on different geostatistical models generated by kriging, fractal and indicator kriging techniques with a constructed synthetic model typical of a fluvial-deltaic sequence.
39
Noda, Atsushi, Makoto Takeuchi, and Mamoru Adachi. "Fan deltaic‐to‐fluvial sedimentation of the Middle Jurassic Murihiku Terrane, Southland, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 45, no. 3 (2002): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2002.9514975.
Full text
40
Wu, Chenliang, Jeffrey A. Nittrouer, Tetsuji Muto, Kensuke Naito, and Gary Parker. "Morphodynamic equilibrium of lowland river systems during autoretreat." Geology 48, no. 11 (2020): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47556.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lowland river systems (with channel slopes of 10−5 to 10−4) inevitably shift away (retreat upstream) from the receiving basin under a sustained rate of base-level rise, even if the system can maintain a period of advance at the onset of rise. This autogenic pattern of transition from progradation to retrogradation through steady base-level rise and sediment supply is termed “autoretreat.” Using a morphodynamic model of autoretreat, this study explored the varying channel hydrodynamics of lowland fluvial systems and associated stratigraphic record under sustained base-level rise and constant sediment supply. Results from the numerical simulations show that a fluvial system will reach a state of dynamic equilibrium during autoretreat where both the backwater length and the morphodynamic adjustment of the downdip channel profile become steady. Moreover, when this dynamic equilibrium state is realized, simulated systems display a persistent twofold downstream deepening of flow depth across the backwater zone, a pattern that is also present in many natural systems. In general, backwater effects play a key role in the morphodynamics of a lowland fluvial-deltaic system during autoretreat, and this hydrodynamic condition is therefore critical for predicting river responses to sea-level change.
41
Labossiere, J. L., E. K. Sauer, and E. A. Christiansen. "Postfailure analysis: Tramping Lake causeway, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 4 (1989): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-080.
Full textAbstract:
A traffic causeway placed on the sediments of saline Tramping Lake failed during construction in the summer of 1982. Vertical subsidence has continued until present (1988). The failure mechanism was controlled by sedimentary structure and artesian groundwater conditions. The shear zone is in a soft, near normally consolidated lacustrine sandy silt unit 22 m thick. The lake basin contains lacustrine, deltaic, and fluvial deposits of postglacial origin. Artesian conditions in the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation and postglacial fluvial sand and gravel dominate the hydrogeology at the site. The failure took place along a composite slip surface when excess pore-water pressures developed during loading [Formula: see text]. The estimated effective friction angle from triaxial tests and back calculation was 27° assuming c′ = 0. However, a parametric analysis showed that at very high pore-water pressures the effective friction angle required for equilibrium is very sensitive to small variations in ru. The calculated cohesion at [Formula: see text] required for equilibrium was 3.9 kPa, whereas the remolded vane strength measured in the field was 5.0 kPa. Key words: Foundation failure, artesian, saline environment, groundwater discharge, silty clays, postglacial fluvial and lacustrine deposits.
42
Kennedy, Kirsten, and Martin R. Gibling. "The Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: paleoenvironments in an important Early Devonian terrestrial locality." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 12 (2011): 1561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-055.
Full textAbstract:
Strata of the Campbellton Formation, nearly 1 km-thick and known for its diverse fossil assemblage of early plants, arthropods, and fish, can be divided into six facies associations: (1) restricted lacustrine, (2) marginal lacustrine, (3) near-shore lacustrine, (4) coastal-deltaic, (5) sandy to gravelly alluvial plain, and (6) gravelly proximal alluvial environments. Lacustrine deposits with restricted circulation, due to depth or stagnation, are fine-grained with preserved organic material. The marginal lacustrine association consists of massive siltstone and very fine sandstone, interbedded with conglomerate. The latter are interpreted to have shed from older volcanic units forming the basin walls. The near-shore lacustrine association is characterized by rippled sandstone with microbialites. Alluvial strata include interbedded imbricate to nonimbricate conglomerate, trough cross-stratified sandstone, and barren to plant-bearing siltstone. Rare exposures of thickly bedded imbricate to weakly imbricated cobble–boulder conglomerate with sandy plant-bearing lenses are interpreted as products of hyperconcentrated debris flows. In the western belt, a braided-fluvial system had paleocurrents flowing WNW. Coastal-deltaic deposits west of the fluvial outcrops, containing aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, had paleocurrents flowing ESE, suggesting a confined body of fresh or brackish water. In lower parts of the eastern belt, lacustrine facies are prevalent, representing a large open lake. Alluvial facies dominate upper parts of the formation, representing an eastward-flowing axial braided river system, with proximal alluvium shed transversely from the basin margins. Although most strata have a volcanic provenance, only one outcrop in the lacustrine beds shows evidence of active volcanism during deposition of the Campbellton Formation.
43
Slomka, J. M., and C. H. Eyles. "Characterizing heterogeneity in a glaciofluvial deposit using architectural elements, Limehouse, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 9 (2013): 911–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Major hydrocarbon and groundwater reservoirs are commonly hosted within coarse-grained alluvial deposits that contain a high degree of sedimentary heterogeneity. This paper presents a detailed characterization of the sedimentary heterogeneity of fluvial–deltaic deposits using architectural element analysis (AEA). Sedimentological data collected from outcrop faces exposing Late Quaternary glaciofluvial deposits in southern Ontario, Canada, is recorded in 31 sedimentary logs. These logs are used to identify nine different facies types, including gravel facies (Gm, Gp, Gt), sand facies (Sr, Sp, St, Ss), and fine-grained facies (Fl and Fd). Variations in facies associations and geometries are defined by five architectural elements (AEs): sand complex (SC), gravel sheet (GS), fine-grained sheet (FS), gravel foreset body (GFB), and concave fill (CF) elements. The spatial arrangement of bounding surfaces (first- to fifth-order) and AEs allows the classification of six EAs, which, in this study, are defined as the largest-scale architectural subunits that allow for architectural-based mapping over a large area. EAs delineated in this study are sandy braided-river (EA1), delta-front (EA2), gravelly braided-river to delta-top (EA3), delta-front to lacustrine (EA4), braided-river to deltaic (EA5), and sand-dominated fluvial (EA6). AEA is utilized here to capture three levels of heterogeneity, which allow detailed reservoir characterization based on geometric objects and can be readily used for computer-based modelling. Outcrop analogue studies such as this one provide insight to the geometries of more deeply buried coarse-grained deposits that form potential reservoirs and enhance paleoenvironmental reconstruction of subsurface alluvial deposits in Canada and elsewhere.
44
Zheng, Dong-Yu, and Si-Xuan Wu. "Principal component analysis of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and controlling factors of sandstone textures." Geological Magazine 158, no. 10 (2021): 1847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821000418.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTextures are important features of sandstones; however, their controlling factors are not fully understood. We present a detailed textural analysis of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and discuss the influences of provenance and depositional environments on sandstone textures. The upper Permian – lowermost Triassic Wutonggou sandstones in the Bogda Mountains, NW China, are the focus of this study. Sandstone thin-sections were studied by point counting and their textures were analysed using statistical and principal component analysis. Fluvial lithic, fluvial feldspathic, deltaic lithic, deltaic feldspathic, littoral lithic and littoral feldspathic sandstone were classified and compared. These comparisons indicate that lithic and feldspathic sandstones from the same depositional settings have significant differences in graphic mean, graphic standard deviation and roundness; in contrast, sandstones from different depositional settings but with similar compositions have limited differences in textures. Moreover, three principal components (PCs) are recognized to explain 75% of the total variance, of which the first principal component (PC1) can explain 44%. In bivariate plots of the PCs, sandstones can be distinguished by composition where lithic and feldspathic sandstones are placed in different fields of the plots along the axis of PC1. However, sandstones from different depositional settings overlap and show no clear division. These results indicate that provenance, mainly the source lithology, is the most significant controlling factor on sandstone texture, whereas the depositional environment has limited influence. This study improves our understanding of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and their controlling factors, and shows the potentiality of principal component analysis in sandstone studies.
45
Chidsey, Thomas, and Paul Anderson. "Ancient delta deposits in the Ivie Creek area, Ferron Sandstone member of the Mancos Shale, western San Rafael Swell, east-central Utah." Geosites 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/geosites.v1i1.74.
Full textAbstract:
In contrast to the beautiful array of colorful layers and spectacular cliffs of the Triassic and Jurassic (251 to 148 million years ago [Ma]) sections in the San Rafael Swell of east-central Utah, most of the Upper Cretaceous (96 to 86 Ma) Mancos Shale produces a drab, barren landscape. However, lying within the Mancos, the Ferron Sandstone, is the most studied unit in the San Rafael Swell. The Ferron has world-class outcrops of rock layers deposited near the shorelines of a sinking, fluvial- (stream) dominated delta system. Along the west flank of the San Rafael Swell, the 80-mile-long (130 km) Ferron outcrop belt of cliffs and side canyons (e.g., the Coal Cliffs, Molen Reef, and Limestone Cliffs [not actually limestone, just misnamed]) provides a three-dimensional view of vertical and lateral changes in the Ferron’s rock layers (facies and sequence stratigraphy), and, as such, is an excellent model for fluvial-deltaic oil and gas reservoirs worldwide (e.g., Chidsey and others, 2004).
46
Moscariello, A. "The Schooner Field, Blocks 44/26a, 43/30a, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, no. 1 (2003): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2003.020.01.68.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Schooner Field is Shell U.K.'s first Carboniferous gas development in the North Sea. The field was discovered in 1987 by well 44/26-2 and gas production began in October 1996 from four wells. In contrast to the majority of the fields in the Southern North Sea producing from the aeolian Leman Sandstones Formation (Rotliegend), Schooner targets the low net-to-gross, fluvial Upper Carboniferous Barren Red Measures and Coal Measures formations. The reservoir consists of discrete, low sinuosity fluvio-deltaic channels draining a swampy coastal floodplain evolving upwards into a highly aggrading, low gradient, distal fluvial fan, dominated by braided and anastomosing channels. In Schooner, like other Carboniferous fields, reservoir connectivity is one of the key subsurface uncertainties due both to channel lateral discontinuity and fault compartmentalization. Production data and reservoir properties distribution, together with a new stratigraphical subdivision driven mostly by chemostratigraphic techniques, have been used to reassess the volume of gas-in-place which currently is estimated at 29.98 Gm3 (1059 BCF)
47
Wallet, Bradley C. "Using the image grand tour to visualize fluvial deltaic architectural elements in south Texas, USA." Interpretation 1, no. 1 (2013): SA117—SA129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0036.1.
Full textAbstract:
Spectral decomposition can produce dozens of attributes for a single data set, far exceeding the ability for direct visualization. Some solutions have been proposed. The state-of-the-art approach is via the use of principal component analysis. However, this approach has significant inherent weaknesses, such as a lack of inclusion of spatial information and a tendency to inflate noise. Previous work has shown the ability of the image grand tour to construct lower-dimensional views of spectral information resulting in multiple images showing distinct architectural components. I propose a novel workflow for constructing color images to display multiple structures simultaneously. These images are constructed in a way that makes them complementary, leading to rich color images that are useful for interpretation. I demonstrate the value of this workflow though application to a land survey over Tertiary channels from south Texas.
48
Capuano, R. M., and R. Z. Jan. "In Situ Hydraulic Conductivity of Clay and Silty-Clay Fluvial-Deltaic Sediments, Texas Gulf Coast." Ground Water 34, no. 3 (1996): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02036.x.
Full text
49
Arditto, P. A. "A SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE CALLOVIAN FLUVIO-DELTAIC TO MARINE SUCCESSION WITHIN THE ZOCA REGION." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95015.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the results and conclusions of an integrated sequence stratigraphic study of the Callovian marine succession across area 'A' of the Zone of Cooperation (ZOCA). This study utilised wireline log and conventional core data from within ZOCA 91–1 and ZOCA 91–12, and incorporated trade data from adjacent permits, to generate a rational depositional model for the succession. Three distinct third-order sequences have been recognised from the detailed correlation of regional flooding surfaces recognised on wireline log motifs calibrated against conventional core and biostratigraphy. The base of the oldest third-order sequence includes section previously referred to as Plover Formation, and roughly corresponds to the W.digitata/W.indotata zone boundary. The Callovian Unconformity within the ZOCA region is thus relegated to a third-order sequence boundary or disconformity. The term Elang Formation is proposed for this Callovian succession which comprises three third-order sequences mappable across ZOCA. The well-type section for the Elang Formation is Elang-1, and an additional well reference section would be Elang-2, as both these wells contain significant and complementary cored section.Detailed sedimentological studies on conventional core reveal that the Elang Formation comprises a succession of coastal plain to nearshore marine sediments, ranging from low sinuosity fluvial channel, fluvial-dominated deltaic, proximal low sinuosity estuarine channel and distal outer bay sediments. Only minor wave-dominated, open marine shoref ace intervals were interpreted, most of the cored intervals indicating a fluvially-domi-nated shoreline with minimal wave reworking. Isopach and per cent sand maps generated for each third-order sequence comprising the Elang Formation illustrate the successive sediment distribution patterns across ZOCA during the progressive marine transgression from the top of the fluvio-deltaic Plover Formation to the base of the offshore marine Lower Flamingo Group. The sand-trend maps for the three sequences which comprise the Elang Formation indicate a fluvial/estuarine-dominated delta system, sourced from the region of the Laminaria Field, AC/P8, building east and southeast out across the ZOCA region. A modern analogue of this delta system in both size and sedimentation style may be the Brahmaputra/Ganges Delta of East Bengal.
50
Meyer, Patricia A., and Carolyn H. Eyles. "Nature and origin of sediments infilling poorly defined buried bedrock valleys adjacent to the Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 1 (2007): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-085.
Full textAbstract:
The buried Paleozoic bedrock surface of southern Ontario is dissected by an interconnected system of valleys. These buried valleys are infilled with thick successions of glacial, interglacial, and fluvial sediments that contain a lengthy record of changing environmental conditions during the late Quaternary. Detailed logging of over 500 m of sediment recovered from 11 continuously cored boreholes provides the basis for this study. The boreholes were drilled within two poorly defined bedrock valleys located east of the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario as part of a groundwater exploration program. Six distinct facies types were identified within the cores: sand, gravel, fine-grained sediment, and sand-rich, mud-rich, and clast-rich diamict. Textural characteristics of the cored sediments and vertical changes in facies types were used to identify six stratigraphic units (SU I through SU VI) within the valley-infill deposits. These units are interpreted to record fluvial or colluvial (SU I), lacustrine (SU II), fluvial, glaciofluvial or deltaic (SU III), subglacial (SU IV), glaciofluvial (SU V) and subglacial or ice marginal (SU VI) conditions. Sediment characteristics and stratigraphic relationships allow tentative correlation with known surficial deposits. Analysis of the subsurface characteristics and geometries of this stacked succession of coarse- and fine-grained stratigraphic units also allows identification of the geometry of potential aquifers.