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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluvial morphometry'
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Ezike, Ejiofor C., Henry I. Okonkwo, and Emmanuel C. Iyi. "Paleo-environmental deduction from pebble morphometry and textural studies of sandstone deposits of Isuochi and Environs, Anambra Basin, South Eastern Nigeria." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 18 (June 25, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v18i1.3.
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Textural analysis and pebble morphomentric were carried out on the sandstone deposits of Isuochi area in Anambra Basin, in an attempt to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of deposition. Field observation shows that the sandstone samples, collected from various locations were analyzed for sieve analysis, while two hundred fresh quartz pebbles that are greater than 2.00mm in diameter were collected for pebble morphomentric. Morphomentric parameters include; elongation ratio, flatness index, oblate index, and maximum projection sphericity were computed. Bivariate plots of Maximum Projection Sphericity against Oblate Prolate Index show that about 69% of the pebbles are of fluvial origin,while 31% is surf, bivariate plots of Flatness Index against Maximum Projection Sphericity show that about 57% is of fluvial origin, while 43% show surf; these imply that the associated pebbles are of fluvial origin. Bivariate plots of sandstone textural parameters such as skewness against standard deviation also suggest that the sediments are more of fluvial origin while multivariate parameter shows partly shallow marine environment.
Keywords: Pebble Morphometry, Oblate-Prolate Index, Paleoenvironment.
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Yang, Kang, Laurence C. Smith, Vena W. Chu, Lincoln H. Pitcher, Colin J. Gleason, Asa K. Rennermalm, and Manchun Li. "Fluvial morphometry of supraglacial river networks on the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet." GIScience & Remote Sensing 53, no. 4 (March 21, 2016): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2016.1162345.
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Bali, Rameshwar, K. K. Agarwal, S. Nawaz Ali, S. K. Rastogi, and Kalyan Krishna. "Drainage morphometry of Himalayan Glacio-fluvial basin, India: hydrologic and neotectonic implications." Environmental Earth Sciences 66, no. 4 (September 6, 2011): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1324-1.
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Santi Malnis, Paula, Carina E. Colombi, Natalia G. Rodríguez-Posatini, Luis M. Rothis, and Carlos O. Limarino. "Caracterización sedimentológica de un Sistema Fluvial Distributivo de clima árido: arroyo Papagayos, en el piedemonte oriental de las Sierras La Huerta-Imanas, San Juan, Argentina." Andean Geology 45, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov45n2-3022.
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Recent studies proposed that distributive fluvial systems (DFS) occupy a great proportion in modern continental sedimentary basins, challenging classical sedimentary models proposed for similar ancient basin. Because of this, arises the importance of studying modern DFS with the aim of obtaining facial models to apply them in ancient deposits. In this paper, we analyze and discuss the sedimentary environments included in the modern deposits of the Arroyo Papagayos, Western Pampean Ranges, San Juan province, interpreted as a Distributive Fluvial System (DFS). We perform the study of the Papagayos creek by describing different architectural elements, which characterize the sub-environments organized in four zones from the mountain front to the distal playa lake. A low sinuosity gravelly-sandy bed braided fluvial system, characterizes the proximal zone. A medial to high sinuosity sandy-gravelly anastomosed-anabranching fluvial system describes the medial zone, where floodplain aggradation is domain by crevasse splays accretion. At this point, 10 km far from the mountain front, the deposits starts to develop a cone shaped morphology. A higher sinuosity flashy ephemeral meandering sandy-muddy fluvial system with eolian interaction defines the distal zone, where the main channel of the system disappears by low gradient of the topography and infiltration depositing muddy terminal splays. Finally, eolian dune and wet interdune deposits characterizes the fourth zone, interpreted as a transitional area between the DFS and the saline playa lake. A particular feature observed along the DFS system is that mudflows are the main sedimentary process in the floodplain, probably as the result of the combination of the seasonal arid climate and the Arroyo Papagayos drainage basin morphometry and the low gradient of the topography. The sedimentary process and environments recognized along the Arroyo Papagayos will allow a better understanding of arid DFS depositional dynamics as well as, to identify them in the geological record. Lastly, high aggrading conditions for DFS development will response to climate interaction between upland catchment area (semiarid) and valley (arid), drainage basin morphometry, smooth piedmont gradient and high tectonic subsidence of the basin, located in the Andean broken foreland.
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Costea, Marioara. "Some Geomorphologic Aspects Along the Timiş River in the Romanian Sector." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0030.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a geomorphologic analysis of the Timiş riverbed in Romania. The analysis was based on data from own observations in the field, within the project called “Protection measurements of Timiş River - Step II” Contract 411/90964/30.12.2010/07 by the University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences - Research Center of Applied Ecology, from June to December 2011. Minor riverbed configuration and morphometry, the size of the material from the riverbed, and the forms of erosion and accumulation have been considered. This paper highlights the riverbed morphology in the different sectors (mountain, depression and plain), identifies the dominant fluvial processes and key features in the evolution of the Timiş riverbed, and also establishes links between morphology, size of fluvial deposits and natural and anthropogenic control factors.
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Sampaio, Augusto César Praciano, Abner Monteiro Nunes Cordeiro, and Frederico De Holanda Bastos. "Susceptibilidade à Erosão Relacionada ao Escoamento Superficial na Sub-Bacia do Alto Mundaú, Ceará, Brasil (Susceptibility to Erosion Related to Surface Runoff in the Sub-Basin of the Upper Course of the Mundaú, Ceará, Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p125-143.
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As propriedades morfométricas, climáticas e biológicas de uma bacia hidrográfica são fatores determinantes de seus processos morfogenéticos relacionados ao trabalho fluvial, como a erosão, o transporte e a deposição de sedimentos. Nessa perspectiva o escoamento superficial e suas modalidades constituem um dos principais agentes erosivos em bacias hidrográficas semiáridas. A erosão dos solos apesar de ter causas naturais como a morfometria do relevo, os aspectos físicos do solo e a intensidade e duração da precipitação, pode ainda ser intensificada pela ação antrópica através do uso do solo como recurso natural. No entanto, a elaboração de modelos capazes de simular esses fenômenos em bacias hidrográficas continua sendo um desafio. Os avanços na cartografia digital trouxeram uma nova perspectiva na criação de modelos geográficos assim como na sua representação através de mapas. No presente artigo propõe-se um modelo de representação espacial da susceptibilidade à erosão da Sub-bacia do Alto Mundaú, comparando seus resultados com variáveis morfométricas pertinentes às propriedades erosivas e ao escoamento superficial. A Sub-bacia hidrográfica do Alto Mundaú localiza-se à noroeste do estado do Ceará, a barlavento do maciço de Uruburetama pertencente ao município de mesmo nome. Com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, foi possível a extração dos parâmetros morfométricos da sub-bacia. A criação do modelo de susceptibilidade à erosão obedeceu à técnica de sobreposição de camadas (layers) conhecida como álgebra de mapas, onde foram combinadas camadas matriciais com informações de declividade, intensidade pluviométrica, uso e cobertura do solo e tipos hidrológicos de solo. A B S T R A C T Morphometric, climatic and biological properties of a watershed are determining factors of their morphogenetic processes related to fluvial process, such as erosion, transport and deposition of sediments. From this perspective, surface runoff and its modalities are a major erosive agents in semi-arid watersheds. Despite natural causes such as morphometry relief, the physical aspects of soil and the intensity and duration of rainfall, Soil erosion can still be intensified by human action through the use of soil as a natural resource. However, the development of models able to simulate these phenomena in watershed remains a challenge. Advances in digital cartography brought a new perspective on creating geographic models as well as its representation through of the maps. In the present paper we propose a spatial representation model of susceptibility to erosion of the Sub-basin of the upper reaches Mundaú by comparing their results with morphometric variables relevant to the erosive properties and surface runoff. The Sub-basin of the Upper reaches Mundaú is located at the northwest of the state of Ceará, in the massive of the Uruburetama windward belonging to the municipality of the same name. With the help of geoprocessing tools, the extraction of morphometric parameters of the sub-basin was possible. The creation of the susceptibility to erosion model obeyed layers overlay technique known as map algebra, which were combined with matrix layers slope information, rainfall intensity, land use and land cover and hydrological soil types. Keywords: Morphometry; Surface Runoff; Map algebra.
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Demoulin, A., A. Beckers, and A. Hubert-Ferrari. "Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry." Geomorphology 246 (October 2015): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.032.
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Foutrakis, P., S. Poulos, H. Maroukian, and G. Livaditis. "A study of the deltaic coast morphometry of river Pinios in relation to its hydro- & sediment dynamics." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17055.
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This paper refers to the study of the morphodynamic processes, on a seasonal basis, in the river delta of Pinios (Greece) with the application of the discharge effectiveness index (Ef) -which associates the water discharge (D) with the wave power (PJ- and the estimation of the potential longshore sediment transport (Ql). The delta is characterised according to the classification proposed by Galloway (1975) and revised by Briggs et al (1997), as wave/fluvial dominated type of delta, having a cuspate shape like the deltas of San Francisco and Rhone. Wave processes are dominant during summer-autumn period (low values ofEf) and river processes are important in winter and spring (high values ofEf). The total potential longshore sediment transport is northwards and more intensive in the region to the south of its current mouth.
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Rasmussen, Joseph B. "Littoral Zoobenthic Biomass in Lakes, and Its Relationship to Physical, Chemical, and Trophic Factors." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-168.
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The hypothesis that littoral morphometry exerts a strong effect on zoobenthic biomass was tested in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec–Vermont, by regression analysis of the relationship between littoral zoobenthic biomass and littoral slope, exposure (Lake area visible from sampling site), and trophic status (micrograms of chlorophyll a per litre). Eighty-one percent of the variance in Log littoral zoobenthic biomass (LZB) could be explained by[Formula: see text]When the predictions from this relationship were compared with littoral zoobenthos estimates from other lakes, residuals were positively correlated with the calcium concentration of the water (r = 0.41) and negatively correlated with the chloride concentration (r = −0.51). The regression equation obtained for all of the sites was[Formula: see text]and explained 80% of the variation in Log LZB. Sites situated within deltas from stream inflows did not differ significantly from these that did not (ANCOVA), indicating that coarse allochthonous input from these fluvial sources was not a major factor determining littoral zoobenthic biomass in these lakes.
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Miccadei, Enrico, Cristiano Carabella, Giorgio Paglia, and Tommaso Piacentini. "Paleo-Drainage Network, Morphotectonics, and Fluvial Terraces: Clues from the Verde Stream in the Middle Sangro River (Central Italy)." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090337.
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This work analyzes the role of paleo-drainage network, morphotectonics, and surface processes in landscape evolution in a sector of the transition zone between the chain and the piedmont area of Central Apennines. Particularly, it focuses on the Verde Stream, a tributary of the middle Sangro River valley, which flows in the southeastern Abruzzo area at the boundary with the Molise region. The Verde Stream was investigated through a drainage basin scale geomorphological analysis incorporating the morphometry of the orography and hydrography, structural geomorphological field mapping, and the investigation of morphological field evidence of tectonics with their statistical azimuthal distributions. The local data obtained were compared with the analysis of the middle Sangro River valley and the tectonic features of the Abruzzo–Molise area. This approach led us to also provide relevant clues about the definition of the role of karst features and paleo-landscapes in the general setting of the study area and to identify the impact of active tectonics, confirmed by recent and active seismicity. In conclusion, the paper contributes to defining the main stages of the geomorphological evolution of this area, driven by uplift and local tectonics and due to a combination of fluvial, karst, and landslide processes.
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Mangold, Nicolas, Gilles Dromart, Veronique Ansan, Francesco Salese, Maarten G. Kleinhans, Marion Massé, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, and Kathryn M. Stack. "Fluvial Regimes, Morphometry, and Age of Jezero Crater Paleolake Inlet Valleys and Their Exobiological Significance for the 2020 Rover Mission Landing Site." Astrobiology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 994–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2132.
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Ansori, Chusni, Puguh Dwi Raharjo, Agung Setianto, I. Wayan Warmada, and Nugroho Imam Setiawan. "Geomorphology and iron sand potential at coastal sediment morphology, Kebumen Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020006004.
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Geomorphology is a landform that extends on the surface of the earth as a result of interactions between endogenous and exogenous processes. Landform classification based on morphometry, morphogenesis, and morphoarengement. Kebumen has attractive geological diversity. The potential of iron sand spread out as beach sand deposits. This research conducted to map landforms, including south coast region and analyze the distribution of iron sand sediment. The study used DEMNAS image analysis, a 1: 20, 000 scale with Arc-GIS software. Variables analysis includes elevation, aspect, roughness, hill shade, river pattern, and hill roughness accompanied by a field survey. Resistivity survey on old beach deposits morphology (2 locations) and young beach deposits (2 locations) to obtain data on the potential of iron sand. Measurement using OYO Model 2, McOHM Resitivimeter, Schlumberger configuration, and geophysical modelling using Res-2Din software. The landform in Kebumen consists of 33 units as structural, denudational, dissolving, fluvial, and coastal landforms. The Coastal Sediment landscape consists of 3 units, in the form of young coastal sediment, old coastal sediment, and fluvio marine sediment. The potential of iron sand is founded in young coastal sediment (M5) is about 764, 77 Ha, and old coastal sediment (M4) about 590, 84 Ha. Mineral compositions are olivine, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, and impurities as quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, rutile and calcite minerals. Coastal sand sediment in the Old Sediment is found 30-60 m depth with overburden up to 4 m. The potential of beach sand about 406, 686, 300 m3 similar with 1, 037, 050, 065 tons, total Fe estimated about 629, 696, 799 tons.
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Andreazzini, M. Jimena, Susana B. Degiovanni, Aldo R. Prieto, Alfonsina Tripaldi, and M. Elisa Luque. "Mallines en la Sierra de Comechingones, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina. Caracterización geológico-geomorfológica y reconstrucción paleoambiental durante el Holoceno." Andean Geology 47, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov47n1-3138.
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Wet-meadows are wetlands of high environmental value and common in the Patagonia, Cordillera de los Andes and Pampean Ranges of Argentina. Particularly, the studies about the functioning and dynamics of wet-meadows are still insufficient and partials in Pampean Ranges. In this paper we analyze the geological-geomorphological factors that influenced the origin, distribution, morphometry and dynamics of wet-meadows in highlands of the southern Comechingones Range (Pampean Ranges of Córdoba, Argentina). A paleoenvironmental reconstruction from sedimentological, palynological, diatomological and chronological records of one of these systems is also proposed. The study area is located at an erosion paleosurface developed previously to the andean orogeny, on an igneous-metamorphic basement rocks. This paleosurface is preserved in the eastern slope of the Comechingones Range and shows different degree of fluvial incision. Most wetmeadows are linked to geomorphological environments with low morphodynamic activity, especially in the granitic rocks and loessic/loessoid deposits preserved in summit plains. The main source of sediments for wet-meadows is the reworking of Quaternary loessic/loessoide sequences. The wetmeadow paleorecords suggests the persistence of wetlands in the Comechingones Range highlands during most of the Holocene, with contractions and expansions in response to environmental variability. The Holocene climate conditions were variable, mainly related to changes in water availability and temperature. A drier period than the current, at least temporarily, took place between ca. 7,000 and 4,700 cal. years BP (6,400 and 4,100 14C years BP). Climatic conditions similar to the current ones were likely established since 4,700 cal. years BP (4,326 14C years BP). During the last centuries, incision and drainage networks integration processes, promote the removal of several wetlands, especially since 1,970s due to precipitation increasing and, subordinately, frequent wildfires.
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Triyatno, Triyatno, Ikhwan Ikhwan, and Febriandi Febriandi. "Strategy for Community Adaptation in Facing Flood Natural Disasters in Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatra." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i2.170.
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Adaptation of the community to flood natural disasters is part of the flood mitigation natural disaster that often occurs in the rainy season. The aims of this research is to analyze landform units and land characteristics that have flood hazards and community adaptation strategies in dealing with flood natural disasters. The method used in this research is the survey method, which is to collect data on land characteristics as characteristics or characteristics of flooded areas and interviews with local communities about adaptation strategies undertaken to deal with flood natural disasters. The results showed that the landform units formed due to the flood process in the study area were in the form of floodplains, back swamps, alluvial terraces, depression inter beach ridge, and alluvial plain complexes. The unit characteristics of landforms generally have flat morphometry with slopes ranging from 0 - 2%, the genesis of these landform units due to fluvial and marin processes. The constituent material in this area is mud to coarse sand. The rock conditions in this area are rocks originating from volcanoes and undergoing a process of destruction due to processes from the river so that the rocks in this area are gravel, rough sand, fine sand. Soil conditions in each unit of landform also vary from the formation of soil to on newly developed land. Vegetation that grows in each unit landform of this is in the form of natural vegetation and lovely water vegetation or vegetation which requires a lot of water for its growth and development. The community strategy in dealing with flood natural disasters is in the form of staging houses, knowing the time of occurrence of tides, and opening the river estuary if the river estuary is covered by sediment.
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Santana, Camila Ignez, and Mônica Dos Santos Marçal. "Identificação de Estilos Fluviais na Bacia do Rio Macabu (RJ) a Serem Aplicados na Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 4 (June 11, 2020): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.4.p1886-1903.
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A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Bacia do Rio Macabu que integra a Região Hidrográfica IX do Baixo Paraíba do Sul e Itabapoana e, assim como várias regiões hidrográficas fluminenses, apresenta longo histórico de intervenções antrópicas dentro e fora dos canais fluviais. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar mapeamento dos Estilos Fluviais identificados na Bacia do rio Macabu, considerando-se a dinâmica atual dos processos geomorfológicos e hidrogeomorfológico a serem aplicados na gestão dos recursos hídricos. O mapeamento e classificação dos segmentos dos rios e suas tipologias foram realizados com base na aplicação de parâmetros morfométricos, para a avaliação dos controles regionais e locais sobre a forma e o comportamento do rio, no confinamento do vale, na forma em planta de toda a extensão do canal e nas unidades geomorfológicas do fundo de vale. Os resultados mostram que a compartimentação do relevo possibilita a ocorrência de diferentes feições fluviais, exerce controle regional no sistema fluvial e tem influência sobre característica do vale. Dessa forma, a configuração espacial dos compartimentos determina os padrões de comportamento em cada setor. Foram identificados oito Estilos Fluviais cuja diferenciação entre os segmentos permite compreender como os processos e formas se caracterizam, integram e se distribuem dentro do sistema fluvial. De um modo geral, a bacia do rio Macabu se expressa como um ambiente múltiplo e complexo, com muitas problemáticas relacionadas aos seus usos e modificações. Os resultados representam parte dos subsídios necessários para uma gestão eficiente e eficaz e para a tomada de decisão. Identification of River Styles in the Macabu Basin (RJ) to be Applied in Water Resource Management A B S T R A C TThe research was developed in the Macabu Basin that integrates the Lower Paraíba do Sul and Itabapoana Hydrographic Region and, as well as several basin of fluminense hydrographic regions, presents a long history of anthropogenic interventions inside and outside channels. The objective of this present work is bringing forward mapping of the River Styles in the Macabu Basin to be applied in the management of water resources, considering the current dynamics of geomorphological and hydrogeomorphological processes. The mapping and the classification of river segments and their typologies were performed based on the application of morphometric parameters for the evaluation of regional and local controls on the river shape and behavior, valley confinement, river planform, channel length and valley bottom geomorphological units. The results show that the relief compartments allows the occurrence of different fluvial features, exerts regional control in the fluvial system and influences the valley characteristics. Thus, the spatial configuration of the compartments determines the patterns of behavior in each sector. Eight River Styles have been identified whose differentiation allows understanding how processes and forms are characterized, integrated and distributed within the river system. In general, Macabu Basin is a multiple and complex environment with many issues related to its uses and modifications. The results represent part of the inputs needed for efficient and effective management and decision-making.Keywords: Fluvial Geomorphoplogy; River Classification; Morphometric Index; Valley Setting.
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Miccadei, Enrico, Cristiano Carabella, and Giorgio Paglia. "Morphoneotectonics of the Abruzzo Periadriatic Area (Central Italy): Morphometric Analysis and Morphological Evidence of Tectonics Features." Geosciences 11, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11090397.
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Drainage basin-scale morphometric analysis and morphological evidence of tectonics represent helpful tools to evaluate and investigate morphoneotectonic processes in tectonically active regions. In this perspective, we applied an integrated analysis to the Abruzzo Periadriatic Area, between the Tronto and Sinello rivers (Central Italy). It involved morphometric analysis, structural geomorphological field mapping, and detailed analysis of fluvial terraces. Geomorphic indexes and markers (e.g., Irta, SL index, ksn, and knickpoints) were used in this study to detect the response of landscapes to drainage systems’ unsteadiness and tectonic deformation processes, possibly induced by the ongoing activity of the buried tectonic structures. Furthermore, the investigation of morphological field evidence of tectonics, integrated with the analysis of fluvial terraces’ spatial and temporal arrangement, was performed to assign relative, geomorphologically-based, age constraints of the landscape evolution. The resulting data allowed us to define domains affected by different morphostructural and morphoneotectonic processes, related to the impact and ongoing activity of the five detected families of structural elements (S1, F1, F2, F3, and F4), mainly characterized by compressive, extensional, and transtensive kinematics. Finally, this study could represent a scientific basis for integrating morphometric, fluvial, and tectonic geomorphology analysis to better define the main phases of the landscape evolution and the impact of morphoneotectonic processes on fluvial environments in uplifting piedmont areas.
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Hofstede, Jacobus L. A. "Application of fluvial morphometric parameters and relations to Wadden Sea tidal drainage basins." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/50/2006/193.
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Silva, Telma Mendes, and Thainá Vasconcelos Paes. "PARÂMETROS MORFOMÉTRICOS APLICADOS A ANÁLISE TECTONOEROSIVA EM BACIAS DE DRENAGEM / MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS APPLIED TO TECTONIC-EROSIVE ANALYSIS IN WATERSHEDS." Geo UERJ, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): e37684. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/geouerj.2018.37684.
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O recorte espacial de bacias de drenagem é de extrema importância para a compreensão evolutiva da paisagem. E a utilização de cálculo de parâmetros morfométricos que procurem reunir evidências sobre o mecanismo evolutivo desta unidade de evolução geomorfológica vem, desde a década de 1950, sendo continuamente aplicada nestes estudos. A identificação de assimetrias de bacias e a análise de perfis de relevo transversais e longitudinais a uma bacia, bem como a observação de perfis longitudinais aos canais fluviais, subsidiam a investigação do controle tectônico na história evolutiva e o entendimento da ocorrência de processos geomorfológicos pretéritos e atuais. A avaliação da forma geométrica do perfil associada ao cálculo do Índice de Gradiente (ou Relação Declividade Extensão - RDE), vem demonstrando ser uma prática metodológica bastante útil no reconhecimento de anomalias significativas na conformação côncava de um perfil longitudinal de um canal fluvial. Para esta análise, o emprego de geotecnologias facilita e agiliza as investigações realizadas, subsidiando uma melhor espacialização das informações produzidas e, assim, auxiliando na compreensão dos mecanismos evolutivos interpretados através dos parâmetros morfométricos utilizados. Auxiliam também na compreensão das relações com informações de cunho geológico-geomorfológico, subsidiando o reconhecimento de bacias que possuem graus diferenciados de controle litológico e/ou estrutural. Deste modo, este procedimento permite reunir argumentos básicos à interpretação de possíveis (re)ajustes fluviais, caracterizando processos morfodinâmicos distintos em bacias de drenagem.
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Brasington, James, Joe Langham, and Barbara Rumsby. "Methodological sensitivity of morphometric estimates of coarse fluvial sediment transport." Geomorphology 53, no. 3-4 (July 2003): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00320-3.
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Firmino Barbosa, Maria Emanuella, and Max Furrier. "Influência Neotectônica Identificada Através de Dados Morfométricos e de Produtos Cartográficos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Guruji (PB), Brasil (Influence Neotectonics Identified by Means of Morphometric Data and Cartographic Products in the Guruji...)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 1 (September 6, 2011): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i1.232668.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo apontar evidências de neotectônica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Guruji através de análise morfométrica e produtos cartográficos. A área investigada está localizada no litoral sul do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil; e a bacia hidrográfica em análise possui drenagem assimétrica com afluentes muito mais avantajados em sua porção sul. A metodologia empregada para detecção de influências neotectônicas consiste na análise e interpretação de dados numéricos obtidos nas cartas topográficas e no Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT) e de seus produtos derivados (carta clinográfica e modelo em 3D). O cálculo morfométrico aplicado para a análise neotectônica foi Razão Fundo/Altura de Vale (RFAV) e o Índice Relação Declividade-Extensão (RDE); e para averiguação da declividade de todas as vertentes que compõem a bacia hidrográfica foi confeccionada a carta clinográfica, que possibilitou uma visão mais abrangente e precisa de recuos de cabeceira, entalhamentos fluviais e desníveis de origem neotectônica.Palavras - chave: Neotectônica; Morfometria; Drenagem assimétrica; Rio Guruji Influence Neotectonics Identified by Means of Morphometric Data and Cartographic Products in the Guruji River Watershed (PB), Brazil ABSTRACTThis study aims to point out evidence of neotectonics in Guruji’s river watershed through morphometric analysis and cartographic products. The study area is located on the south coast of Paraiba State, Northeast Brazil; and the watershed in question has asymmetric drainage with tributaries more advantageous in the south portion. The methodology used for detection of neotectonic influences consist in the analysis and interpretation of numerical data obtained in the topographic maps and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and its derivatives (Slope map and 3D terrain model). The calculation used for the morphometric analysis neotectonic was Valley Floor-Valley Height (Vf) and the Hack Method – Slope Vs. Length (SL); and to investigate the slope of all mountain slope that make up the watershed was made the Slope map, which allowed a more comprehensive and accurate regressive erosion of drainage, incising fluvial and unevenness of tectonic origin. Keywords: Neotectonics; Morphometric; Drainage asymmetric; Guruji River
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Sougnez, N., and V. Vanacker. "Spatial variability in channel and slope morphology within the Ardennes Massif, and its link with tectonics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 16, 2010): 6981–7006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-6981-2010.
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Abstract. Geomorphic processes that produce and transport sediment, and incise river valleys are complex; and often difficult to quantify over longer timescales of 103 to 105 years. Morphometric indices that describe the topography of hill slopes, valleys and river channels have commonly been used to compare morphological characteristics between catchments and to relate them to hydrological and erosion processes. This work focuses on a wide range of slope and river channel morphometric indices to study their behavior and strength in regions affected by low to moderate tectonic activity. We selected 10 catchments of about 150 to 250 km2 across the Ardennes Massif that cover various tectonic domains with uplift rates ranging from about 0.06 to 0.20 mm year−1 since mid-Pleistocene times. The morphometric analysis indicates that the slope and channel morphology of third-order catchments is not yet in topographic steady-state, and exhibits clear convexities in slope and river profiles. Our data indicate that the fluvial system is the main driver of topographic evolution and that the spatial pattern of uplift rates is reflected in the distribution of channel steepness and convexity. The spatial variation that we observe in slope and channel morphology between the 10 third-order catchments suggests that the response of the fluvial system was strongly diachronous, and that a transient signal of adjustment is migrating from the Meuse valley towards the Ardennian headwaters.
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Valkanou, K., E. Karymbalis, D. Papanastassiou, K. Gaki-Papanastassiou, and P. Giles. "Analysis of relationships among coastal alluvial fans and their contributing catchments in North Evoikos Gulf (Central Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10961.
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This paper deals with the morphometric analysis of 42, late Holocene, coastal alluvial fans located along the coasts of the tectonically active North Evoikos Gulf in central Greece. Thirty six of the fans have been formed by streams that discharge along the east coast of the Gulf (Evia Island) while the rest are located on the opposite side (Continental Greece). Selected morphometric parameters of the drainage basins were measured using topographic maps at the scale of 1:50,000 while those of the fans were derived from detailed topographic diagrams at the scale of 1:5,000 utilizing ESRI’s ArcGIS9.3 software. Fans were classified into four groups according to the primary depositional processes (fluvial and/or debris flow). Another classification criterion was the relationship between the location of the fan-catchment system and the local tectonic patterns (active faults). Fan-basin morphometric relationships for each fan group were also investigated. A strong positive relation was found between the size of the fan and the drainage basin area while the correlation between drainage area and fan slope was negative. Large catchments located near fault terminations have formed gently sloping fans dominated by fluvial processes, whereas torrents with small rough drainage basins, developed on the footwall, have formed steep fans likely dominated by debris-flow along the east coast of the Gulf
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Gioia, Dario, Marcello Schiattarella, and Salvatore Giano. "Right-Angle Pattern of Minor Fluvial Networks from the Ionian Terraced Belt, Southern Italy: Passive Structural Control or Foreland Bending?" Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090331.
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Morphometric analyses of both the topography and drainage network have been carried out in a large sector of the Ionian coastal belt of southern Italy in order to unravel the possible control of Late Quaternary thrust front activity on the evolution of the fluvial net. The study area extends in the southernmost sector of the Bradano Foredeep and is featured by several orders of uplifted marine terraces, ranging in age from Middle Pleistocene to Late Quaternary. The flight of the marine terraces is deeply cut by a trellis-type and regularly spaced minor fluvial network. Morphotectonic investigations based on field survey, photo-aerial interpretation, topographic attributes, morphometric indices, and analysis of longitudinal river profiles suggest a strong control on the drainage network arrangement by a pervasive orthogonal fracture system, produced and preserved into the brittle caprock of the terraces, made by conglomerate. Since a similar pervasive and orthogonal fracture pattern is typically generated by gentle folding of rocks, the development of the Ionian hydrographic networks could be attributed to a general—maybe still active—bending of the foredeep area due to the eastward propagation of blind thrusting of the Apennines orogenic chain.
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Lombana, Lorena, and Antonio Martínez-Graña. "Multiscale Hydrogeomorphometric Analysis for Fluvial Risk Management. Application in the Carrión River, Spain." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152955.
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The sustainable management of fluvial systems requires reliable knowledge of the mechanisms that control the basins and their drainages, which in turn must be prioritized for the application of measures for flood-risk reduction. Thus, given the need to develop methodological frameworks capable of integrating remote sensing technologies at different scales, as well as traditional metrics and anthropic variables, in this study, a multiscale method is proposed for the characterization and prioritization of river stretches for fluvial risk management. This methodology involves the study of drivers at the watershed level, and a detailed morphometric and hydrogeomorphological analysis of the main channel for fluvial landscape classification, segmentation, and aggregation into units, considering also anthropic variables. Therefore, it includes the use of LiDAR data and exploration GIS tools, whose results are corroborated through fieldwork, where ephemeral and topographic evidence of fluvial dynamics are collected. The procedure is validated in the Carrión river basin, Palencia, Spain, where a high degree of maturity and geomorphological development are determined. Hence, the main channel can be classified into eight geomorphic units and divided into homogeneous segments, which, according to categorical elements such as urban interventions, are prioritized, obtaining, as a result, six stretches of main interest for river risk management.
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Sougnez, N., and V. Vanacker. "The topographic signature of Quaternary tectonic uplift in the Ardennes massif (Western Europe)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (April 4, 2011): 1095–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1095-2011.
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Abstract. Geomorphic processes that produce and transport sediment, and incise river valleys are complex; and often difficult to quantify over longer timescales of 103 to 105 y. Morphometric indices that describe the topography of hill slopes, valleys and river channels have commonly been used to compare morphological characteristics between catchments and to relate them to hydrological and erosion processes. This study aims to analyze the link between tectonic uplift rates and landscape morphology based on slope and channel morphometric indexes. To achieve this objective, we selected 10 catchments of about 150 to 250 km2 across the Ardennes Massif (a Palaeozoic massif of NW Europe, principally located in Belgium) that cover various tectonic domains with uplift rates ranging from about 0.06 to 0.20 mm yr−1 since mid-Pleistocene times. The morphometric analysis indicates that the slope and channel morphology of third-order catchments is not yet in topographic steady-state, and exhibits clear convexities in slope and river profiles. Our analysis indicates that the fluvial system is the main driver of topographic evolution and that the spatial pattern of uplift rates is reflected in the distribution of channel steepness and convexity. The spatial variation that we observe in slope and channel morphology between the 10 third-order catchments suggests that the response of the fluvial system was strongly diachronic, and that a transient signal of adjustment is migrating from the Meuse valley towards the Ardennian headwaters.
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Ribeiro Filho, RA, M. Petrere Junior, SF Benassi, and JMA Pereira. "Itaipu reservoir limnology: eutrophication degree and the horizontal distribution of its limnological variables." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 4 (November 2011): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000500010.
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Reservoirs are manmade habitats, intermediate between rivers and lakes, presenting distinct hydrological and morphometric characteristics, with differential mean water residence time. They also present proper vertical and horizontal organisations, and their evolution depends on several variables acting on different special and temporal scales. The water quality evolution of the Itaipu Reservoir was evaluated through the analysis of the physical, chemical and biological variables, and by the application of Trophic State Indices. We concluded that the limnological variables present a horizontal pattern of variation highly dependent upon the hydrological regime. The turbidity and total suspended solids presented the same distribution pattern in the reservoir zones. The fluvial zone had the highest concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids and turbidity. The results of the Trophic State Indices indicate a mesotrophic level for the fluvial and transition zones, and an oligotrophic one for the lacustrine zone.
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Rojas Briceño, Nilton B., Elgar Barboza Castillo, Oscar Andrés Gamarra Torres, Manuel Oliva, Damaris Leiva Tafur, Miguel Ángel Barrena Gurbillón, Fernando Corroto, Rolando Salas López, and Jesús Rascón. "Morphometric Prioritization, Fluvial Classification, and Hydrogeomorphological Quality in High Andean Livestock Micro-Watersheds in Northern Peru." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050305.
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Anthropic activity affects the hydrogeomorphological quality of fluvial systems. River and valley classifications are fundamental preliminary steps in determining their ecological status, and their prioritization is essential for the proper planning and management of soil and water resources. Given the importance of the High Andean livestock micro-watershed (HAL-MWs) ecosystems in Peru, an integrated methodological framework is presented for morphometric prioritization that uses a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Weighted Sum Approach (WSA), geomorphological fluvial classifications (channel, slope, and valley), and hydrogeomorphological evaluations using the Hydrogeomorphological Index (IHG). Of six HAL-MWs studied in Leimebamba and Molinopampa (Amazonas region), the PCWSA hybrid model identified the San Antonio HAL-MW as a top priority, needing the rapid adoption of appropriate conservation practices. Thirty-nine types of river course were identified, by combining 13 types of valley and 11 types of riverbed. The total assessment of the IHG indicated that 7.6% (21.8 km), 14.5% (41.6 km), 27.9% (80.0 km), and 50.0% (143.2 km) of the basin lengths have “Poor”, “Moderate”, “Good”, and “Very good” quality rankings, respectively. The increase in the artificial use of river channels and flood plains is closely linked to the decrease in hydrogeomorphological quality.
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Wang, Zhiguo, Cheng Yin, Ting’en Fan, and Xiaolan Lei. "Seismic geomorphology of a channel reservoir in lower Minghuazhen Formation, Laizhouwan subbasin, China." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): B187—B195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0209.1.
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We apply seismic geomorphology techniques to quantify morphometrics of a Neogene channel system in Bohai Bay, China. The primary goals of this study are to trace and understand the shapes of complex meander channels toward the development of sedimentary models of channel distribution. First, 11 seismic geometrical attributes were extracted to provide large quantities of morphometric data on the channel plan-view images of four fluvial phases. These data were then coanalyzed to yield the desired five morphometric measures: channel width, meander-belt width, meander length, meander-arc height, and sinuosity. Finally, the relationships, if any, among the five geometric measures were assessed to understand channel reservoir distribution in the study area. A bar graph of sinuosity shows three types of dominant grain size transported by the flow in the channel. A cumulative probability curve of channel width helps to estimate the actual reservoir size. Crossplot analyses reveal relationships between pairs of channel morphometric parameters, which in turn provide the key constraints on channel variability for reservoir modeling and flow simulation in the Lower Minghuazhen Formation, Laizhouwan subbasin, Bohai Bay.
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Fladerer, Florian A., Reinhard Roetzel, and Kristof Veitschegger. "A Middle Pleistocene steppe bison find within the Dürnstein Castle (Wachau, Lower Austria)." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 113, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2020.0015.
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Abstract In the course of foundation works in the Dürnstein Castle cervical and front leg bones of a large Bison priscus bull were discovered in fluvial sediments. The small city of Dürnstein with its medieval centre is part of the UNESCO Wachau Cultural Landscape and is built mainly on Palaeozoic basement rocks. The find location is completely overbuilt, but remnants of fluvial sediments on the bones together with the altitude of the site approximately 17 m above the Danube point to a Middle Pleistocene fluvial aggradation level not younger than ca. 240,000 years, and the maximum age is 400,000 years. The fossil bearing location is interpreted as a small sandy bay of the Pleistocene Danube, protected from later degradation and erosion. Morphometric comparisons and taphonomic analyses of the bones allow the reconstruction of a scenario in which the bison probably had drowned in a flood and its carcass was buried quickly before destruction by scavengers or erosion. The study includes a comparison with bison specimens of an unpublished small megafaunal assemblage from adjacent Krems-Kreuzbergstraße. Processing marks on parts of these bones point to an anthropogenic Middle Palaeolithic influence and translocation. In addition, a tentative chronological sketch of the regional Bison species succession (B. menneri, B. schoetensacki, B. priscus) from the Early to the Late Pleistocene is presented.
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Balogh, Márton, Tímea Kiss, Károly Fiala, and István Fehérváry. "Floodplain forms along the lowland Maros River, Hungary." Geographia Polonica 93, no. 1 (2020): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0162.
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The floodplain forms of lowland rivers act as fluvial archives, as their morphology, material and spatial characteristics refer to the hydromorphological changes of the river and (dis)connectivity of the alluvial system. The aims of the research are (1) to identify natural levees, crevasses, and point-bars on the Hungarian floodplain section of the Maros River, (2) to measure their morphometric parameters, and (3) to analyse their spatial and temporal variations in connection with various human impacts. Six genetic types of natural levees and pointbar systems developed as the result of various human impacts, thus the development of the forms terminated or became laterally limited.
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Sánchez-Donoso, Ramón, Nicholas Bugosh, and José F. Martín-Duque. "Use of Remote Sensing Tools to Measure a Fluvial Geomorphic Design-Input Parameter for Land Reclamation." Water 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092378.
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Fluvial geomorphic approaches for reclamation landform design have been applied since 2000, mostly in mined lands, as an alternative to conventional landform design methods. Those approaches aim to reconstruct mature landforms and drainage networks that would develop within a natural catchment, after thousands of years of work performed by geomorphic processes. Some fluvial geomorphic design methods take specific measurements from natural and stable reference areas for initial input values for reclamation design. Valid reference areas can be difficult to find, can be in highly anthropized environments, or may be difficult to access. This paper evaluates the use of remote sensing tools to measure morphometric parameters in upper sections of agricultural land catchments considered for use as reference areas. The ridge to head of channel distance (Xrh) was the parameter of interest. We used land surface profiles developed from LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) data and planimetric measurements from orthoimages to estimate Xrh. The results obtained by the two methods were encouraging but showed a significant difference. Ground truthing showed that ploughing obliterated between 19.5 and 22.4 m (on average) of the headwater section of first-order channels, reducing the channel length by 15.1 to 32.4%. Using a greater Xrh value than appropriate for near steady-state conditions as a design input for a geomorphic reclamation project would be expected to result in active erosion processes in the constructed reclamation to regain their missing channel length. We recognize the advantages and limitations of remote sensing methods for measuring the morphometric parameters of the landform relief design inputs. We show how these tools may be used to help select and prioritize reference areas, and warn about the use of disturbed landscapes as reference areas to assure the geomorphic stability of the constructed reclamation designs.
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RUWER, DAIANE TREVISAN, SAÚL BLANCO, and LILIANA RODRIGUES. "Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions." Phytotaxa 505, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.2.3.
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The Upper Paraná River floodplain is one of the few remaining non-dammed stretches in Brazil. It has a typical fluvial dynamics represented by the flood pulse and a highly complex habitat, which allows the existence and maintenance of a great biodiversity, including diatom species. As it happens in tropical lowland environments, also in this floodplain, the genus Eunotia is one of the most diverse and abundant diatom groups. Therefore, this study addresses morphologic and morphometric details of a new species and the most abundant Eunotia species in sediment cores from two wetland lakes. The morphological characteristics from each species were obtained through microscopy documentation of cell walls, and compared with other related species.
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Guerra, Veronica, and Maurizio Lazzari. "Geomorphic Approaches to Estimate Short-Term Erosion Rates: An Example from Valmarecchia River System (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Water 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092535.
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Studying fluvial dynamics and environments, GIS-based analyses are of fundamental importance to evaluate the network geometry and possible anomalies, and can be particularly useful to estimate modifications in processes and erosion rates. The aim of this paper is to estimate short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes in two sample catchment sub-basins of the Marecchia river valley, by conducting quantitative morphometric analyses in order to calculate various descriptive parameters of the hierarchisation of the river networks and the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu). Sediment yield transported by streams can in fact partially express the amount of erosional processes acting within the drainage basin. The study area includes two sub-basins of the Marecchia valley (Senatello river, 49 km2 and Mazzocco river, 47 km2), chosen because of their similar extent and of the different location in the major catchment basin. Starting from geomorphological maps of the two river basins, the Tu parameter has been calculated and converted in short-term rate (average value 0.21 mm/year). Moreover, the comparison of these short-term mean data with the uplift rates calculated on a regional scale (0.41 ± 0.26 mm/year) in the Marecchia valley confirms that the northern Apennines may represent a non-steady state system.
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Valkanou, Kanella, Efthimios Karymbalis, Dimitris Papanastassiou, Mauro Soldati, Christos Chalkias, and Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou. "Μorphometric Analysis for the Assessment of Relative Tectonic Activity in Evia Island, Greece." Geosciences 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070264.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative tectonic activity in the north part of the Evia Island, located in Central Greece, and to investigate the contribution of neotectonic processes in the development of the fluvial landscape. Five morphometric parameters, including Drainage Basin Slope (Sb), Hypsometric Integral (Hi), Asymmetry Factor (Af), Relief Ratio (Rh), and Melton’s Ruggedness Number (M), were estimated for a total of 189 drainage basins. The catchments were classified into two groups, according to the estimated values of each morphometric parameter, and maps showing their spatial distribution were produced. The combination of the calculated morphometric parameters led to a new single integrated Index of relative tectonic activity (named Irta). Following this indexing, the basins were characterized as of low, moderate, or high relative tectonic activity. The quantitative analysis showed that the development of the present drainage systems and the geometry of the basins of the study area have been influenced by the tectonic uplift caused by the activity of two NW-SE trending offshore active normal fault systems: the north Gulf of Evia fault zone (Kandili-Telethrion) and the Aegean Sea fault zone (Dirfis), respectively. The spatial distribution of the values of the new integrated index Irta showed significant differences among the drainage basins that reflect differences in relative tectonic activity related to their location with regard to the normal fault systems of the study area.
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Strahler, Arthur N. "Quantitative/dynamic geomorphology at Columbia 1945-60: a retrospective." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600102.
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In the late 1940s, a graduate programme of quantitative/dynamic geomorphology largely replaced a qualitative/descriptive programme in the Department of Geology of Columbia University. Although the new paradigm had deep roots in earlier works by G. K. Gilbert, R. A. Bagnold, and others, its modern form was defined by Horton's seminal hydrophysical paper of 1945. At Columbia, two pervasive underlying concepts of geomorphic systems were stressed: a) a reductionistic dynamic analysis emphasizing categories of stress and strain; b) a synthesizing organization into natural open systems of energy and matter. Quantitative studies of fluvial systems carried out by graduate students and staff at Columbia in the early 1950s included restatement and field testing of Horton's laws of stream networks, along with improvements in stream-segment ordering and drainage density determination and in hypsometric and slope analysis. Mathematical statistics and dimensional analysis were applied to all map and field data. Morphometric parameters were related functionally to influencing variables of climate, vegetation, soils, lithology, and rock structure. Columbia research in the late 1950s introduced correlations of morphometric elements with hydrologic factors of rainfall intensity, infiltration, and runoff intensity.
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Fettuccia, D. C., V. M. F. da Silva, M. S. Rocha, and P. C. Simões-Lopes. "Sternum and appendicular skeleton: morphometric differences between the species of genus Sotalia (Cetacea: Delphinidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 8 (August 31, 2012): 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000604.
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Two distinct species have been recently recognized for the genus Sotalia: S. fluviatilis, occurring in the Amazon River basin, and S. guianensis, from Honduras (15°58′N and 85°42′W) to Santa Catarina State (Florianópolis, southern Brazil—27°35′S and 48°34′W). For the first time the sternum and the appendicular skeleton of the two species of the genus Sotalia are compared. A comparative osteological work was performed with marine samples (from the States of Ceará, north-eastern and Santa Catarina, southern regions of Brazil) and riverine samples (Amazonas State) in relation to metric characters (scapula, flipper and sternum). There was a clear distinction of two species in relation to postcranial skeleton in the morphometric analysis (canonical variate analysis) presented. The flipper and the glenoid cavity of the scapula were proportionally wider in the fluvial species. The sternum, however, was smaller in this species in relation to the maximum width of the manubrium. Nevertheless, this structure still needs to be further studied.
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Léonard, Rosalie, Pierre Legendre, Martin Jean, and André Bouchard. "Using the landscape morphometric context to resolve spatial patterns of submerged macrophyte communities in a fluvial lake." Landscape Ecology 23, no. 1 (October 23, 2007): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9168-5.
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Labella, Roberta, Domenico Capolongo, Paolo Giannandrea, Salvatore Ivo Giano, and Marcello Schiattarella. "Morphometric analysis of fluvial network and age constraints of terraced surfaces of the Ofanto basin, Southern Italy." Rendiconti Lincei 25, S2 (October 9, 2014): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-014-0321-1.
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Caraballo-Arias, Nathalie Almaru, and Vito Ferro. "Assessing, measuring and modelling erosion in calanchi areas: a review." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.573.
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Calanchi are erosion landforms characterised by a heavily dissected terrain with steep, unvegetated slopes and channels with a dendritic pattern, which rapidly incise and extend headwards. Recent literature focusing on badland systems highlights their similarity with other larger fluvial landforms, stating that these behave as a full size laboratory, due to their rapid development in space and time and to the diversity of geomorphic processes involved. In this paper, a brief review of the most important results on badland research is firstly presented. Then, the morphometric similarity between calanchi and other erosion landforms is discussed. Finally, models quantitatively relating the volume of sediments eroded from calanchi landforms and a set of geometric features of their tributary areas, by exploiting the dimensional analysis and the self-similarity theory, are presented.
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Karki, Swarup Singh, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Fluvial morphology and dynamics of the Godavari Khola, southeast Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 19 (December 1, 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v19i0.19990.
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The Godavari Khola flowing from the south to the north contributes the Hanumante Khola, which is one of important tributaries of the Bagmati River, flowing from the eastern part of the Kathmandu Basin. Recently, the Godavari Khola has been suffering from human encroachments due to rapid urbanization. Studying nature and dynamics of the stream are important works if the stream has to be made less affected and well managed. The present study aims to establish fluvial morphology and stability status of the Godavari Khola. For these purposes, the watershed was analysed for morphometric parameters and planform fluvial morphology, and thirteen representative segments were surveyed from upstream to downstream of the Godavari Khola for recording and analysing sediment properties, stream cross-sections and profiles, and hydraulic parameters, river dynamics and stability.The Godavari River is a fifth order stream, the two upstream segments of which are bedrock channels, and the rest of the segments are alluvial channels. The segments are classified into six kinds such as C4-, C5-, B3-, B4-, E4- and F4-type streams. The upstream segments are of B4-, B3- and ‘F4’-types which show entrenched, steep, gravel to cobble grade streams. The downstream segments are of C4-, C5-, E4- and F4-types showing non-entrenched to low entrenched streams with gentle slopes, high sinuosity and gravel to sand grade bed materials. The stability status of the Godavari Khola shows that the stream segments 1, 2, 11 and 13 lie in the degrading condition whereas the remaining nine segments lie in the aggrading condition. Because of the huge width/depth ratio in majority of the downstream channels, bank erosion is relatively prone in the downstream segments of the Godavari Khola, whereas bed incision is prone in segments 11 and 13.Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 19, 2016, pp. 15–28
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Segura, Francesca S., Josep E. Pardo-Pascual, Vicenç M. Rosselló, Joan J. Fornós, and Bernadí Gelabert. "Morphometric indices as indicators of tectonic, fluvial and karst processes in calcareous drainage basins, South Menorca Island, Spain." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32, no. 13 (2007): 1928–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1506.
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Bezgodova, O. V., E. A. Istomina, and E. V. Ovchinnikova. "Assessment of Hazardous Exogenous Processes of the Mondy Depression Based on Morphometric and Landscape Analysis." Geodesy and Cartography 938, no. 8 (September 20, 2018): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-938-8-28-37.
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The authors consider the application of geoinformation mapping in the analysis of hazardous processes using space images, digital terrain models, as well as comparative analysis of the landscape map and the map of hazardous exogenous processes. As a result, a large-scale map of hazardous processes within the Mondy depression was created. At the first stage, space images, physical and geographical conditions were analyzed, as well as the morphometric indicators of the territory. On the basis of that analysis classes of hazardous exogenous processes that affected the landscapes of the depression were identified. Further the classes of hazardous exogenous processes were compared with landscape facies, within the contours of which hazardous processes of different intensity are common. Calculation of hazardous exogenous processes using the data of morphometric indicators was made, the information on the long-term change in the main elements of the climate of the study area obtained. The method of spatial analysis in geographic information systems on a vector basis marked the main hazardous exogenous processes that have developed in the territory of the Mondy depression. The gravitational-slope class, represented by collapses and screes, is most widespread in the investigated area. Fluvial class of the dangerous exogenous processes is mostly indicated by mudflows in the valleys of small and temporary watercourses. Cryogenic class of these processes is least developed.
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Perignon, Mariela, Jordan Adams, Irina Overeem, and Paola Passalacqua. "Dominant process zones in a mixed fluvial–tidal delta are morphologically distinct." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 809–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-809-2020.
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Abstract. The morphology of deltas is determined by the spatial extent and variability of the geomorphic processes that shape them. While in some cases resilient, deltas are increasingly threatened by natural and anthropogenic forces, such as sea level rise and land use change, which can drastically alter the rates and patterns of sediment transport. Quantifying process patterns can improve our predictive understanding of how different zones within delta systems will respond to future change. Available remotely sensed imagery can help, but appropriate tools are needed for pattern extraction and analysis. We present a method for extracting information about the nature and spatial extent of active geomorphic processes across deltas with 10 parameters quantifying the geometry of each of 1239 islands and the channels around them using machine learning. The method consists of a two-step unsupervised machine learning algorithm that clusters islands into spatially continuous zones based on the 10 morphological metrics extracted from remotely sensed imagery. By applying this method to the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Delta, we find that the system can be divided into six major zones. Classification results show that active fluvial island construction and bar migration processes are limited to relatively narrow zones along the main Ganges River and Brahmaputra and Meghna corridors, whereas zones in the mature upper delta plain with smaller fluvial distributary channels stand out as their own morphometric class. The classification also shows good correspondence with known gradients in the influence of tidal energy with distinct classes for islands in the backwater zone and in the purely tidally controlled region of the delta. Islands at the delta front under the mixed influence of tides, fluvial–estuarine construction, and local wave reworking have their own characteristic shape and channel configuration. The method is not able to distinguish between islands with embankments (polders) and natural islands in the nearby mangrove forest (Sundarbans), suggesting that human modifications have not yet altered the gross geometry of the islands beyond their previous “natural” morphology or that the input data (time, resolution) used in this study are preventing the identification of a human signature. These results demonstrate that machine learning and remotely sensed imagery are useful tools for identifying the spatial patterns of geomorphic processes across delta systems.
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Šilhán, Karel, Tomáš Galia, and Václav Škarpich. "Development of a large wood jam in medium-high mountains: An example of the Mazák Stream, Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., Czechia." Geografie 123, no. 2 (2018): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123020159.
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Wood jams represent an important ecological and morphological element in fluvial systems influencing sediment/instream wood transport and storage. Therefore, the knowledge of jam ages is important in evaluating a jam’s development and stability. This study presents a reconstruction of the chronological development of the largest wood jam in the wider area of the culmination peak of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. (Western Carpathians). The studied jam was composed of more than 60 logs whose morphometric parameters and orientations were recorded. Dendrochronological dating of 11 logs revealed the ages at which tree death occurred. The jam development was probably initiated in the end of 1930s via an occurrence of debris flow that caused the channel to narrow and the wood material to start accumulating. Frequently occurring floods, together with extreme wind flow velocities, seem to be the most important factors controlling tree death and log movement from the upstream channel-reach to the jam.
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Radecki-Pawlik, Artur, Tomasz Skalski, Karol Plesiński, and Wiktoria Czech. "On bankfull methods determination again – why we care?" Journal of Water and Land Development 27, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2015-0021.
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Abstract One more time we would like to pay attention of especially of the hydraulic engineer audience to bankfull stage and discharge. Along the paper we show commonly accepted definitions of it and ways of calculations. It is difficult to determine the size of the bankfull flow level, that is why the authors are presenting many selected methods. Some of the methods allow the determination of biotic bankfull flow through the occurrence of zones of vegetation characteristic and based on the observation of the occurrence of ground beetles (e.g. the Woodyer and the Radecki-Pawlik and Skalski methods). Some of the methods – most popular- are using morphometric parameters (e.g. the Williams, the Hey and Thorne, the Gauckler-Manning and finally the Lambor methods). We believe that the value of bankfull discharge would be accepted as a supporting tool for designers, hydraulics engineers and managers, especially those who care about river channel environment and cooperate with fluvial geomorphologists- and biologists as well as environmental agencies.
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Rutkiewicz, Paweł, and Daniel Gawior. "Natural and anthropogenic indicators of fluvial system changes, the Bobrza Valley (Holy Cross Mts) as an example." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctg-2016-0004.
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Abstract Transformations of a fluvial system are caused both by natural factors and human pressure. These factors model the system independently at different times and with different intensities or they affect it simultaneously. The aim of this study is to identify the transformation of the Bobrza river valley system occurring under natural conditions and that occurring under the influence of human activity. The identification was based on specific indicators The study was conducted in the valley mouth of the Bobrza River (Holy Cross Mountains), where three research sites were located. The investigation concerned the relief of the valley and the mineral and organic deposits. A wide range of research methods were used during the study e.g. analysis of LiDAR data, macronutrient analysis, and radioactive dating. The analyses enabled the natural and anthropogenic transformations of the Bobrza river system to be distinguished using the following indicators: morphometric and sedimentological characteristics of the palaeomeander (natural transformation), the sequence of mineral and organic deposits in exposures on the contemporary floodplain (natural and anthropogenic transformation) and transformation associated with the operation of a water mill (anthropogenic transformation). In addition, it is worth mentioning that the Bobrza channel is the location which has provided the only fossils of Juncus subnodulosus in south-east Poland.
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Quesada Román, Adolfo. "Landslides and floods zonation using geomorphological analyses in a dynamic basin of Costa Rica." Revista Cartográfica, no. 102 (January 4, 2021): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/rcarto.i102.901.
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Despite of the geomorphological diversity of Central America and Costa Rica, there are few detailed geomorphological studies in the region. A 1:25,000 geomorphological analyses of the Upper General River Basin (UGRB) located in the southeast in Costa Rica is presented, based on the interpretation of aerial photographs and field geomorphological mapping. First, a morphometric analysis was performed to calculate and analyze seven variables that were merged in order to produce the flood and landslides susceptibility maps. Second, a total of 43 types of landforms divided genetically into endogenic (tectonic), and exogenic (fluvial, gravitational, and glacial) features are mapped for an area of 1560 km2. Finally, a geomorphological hazard map with the zonation of the different susceptibility levels of landslides and floods were performed. This cartography is important in terms of geomorphological evolution, disaster risk reduction as well as for land use planning for approximately 40,000 inhabitants. The presented methodology can also be applied in other developing countries for different purposes such as landscape evolution, morphogenetic detailed maps, disaster risk reduction, and land use planning.
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Saha, Ujwal Deep, and Soma Bhattacharya. "Reconstructing the channel shifting pattern of the Torsa River on the Himalayan Foreland Basin over the last 250 years." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 16, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2019-0007.
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Abstract The varied physiography, incidences of high seasonal discharge, influences of neo-tectonic activity and the young geological foundation with less consolidated cohesive and non-cohesive sediment have left the Himalayan foreland basin a formidable ground, where silt-laden rivers tend to migrate frequently. A set of maps prepared after 1764, space photographs captured in 1970 and current satellite images from 2015 and 2017 were studied to reconstruct the fluvial dynamics of the Torsa River on the foreland basin of Sikkim-Bhutan Himalaya considering a time span of nearly 250 years. Evidence collected from colonial literature, the above-mentioned satellite images and a field survey, were combined to verify results taken from the old maps used as the base of the study. The application of satellite remote sensing and analysis of the topographic signatures of the palaeo-courses in the form of the palaeo-levee, abandoned courses and ox-bow lakes were the major operational attributes in this study. As a consequence of the channel migration of Torsa River since 1764, the historical floodplain of Torsa has been topographically marked by beheaded old distributaries, a misfit channel system and the presence of abandoned segments. Morphometric changes in the old courses, major flood events and neo-tectonic activity guided an overall trend of channel migration eastwards and has led to a couple of channel oscillation events in the Torsa River over the last 250 years. The mechanism of the avulsion events was thoroughly driven by sedimentation-induced channel morphometric changes and occasional high discharge.
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Joshi, Lalit M., Pitamber D. Pant, Bahadur S. Kotlia, Girish C. Kothyari, Khayingshing Luirei, and Anoop K. Singh. "Structural Overview and Morphotectonic Evolution of a Strike-Slip Fault in the Zone of North Almora Thrust, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India." Journal of Geological Research 2016 (February 7, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6980943.
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The aim of the present research is to provide the base line details of the NNW-SSE trending Raintoli fault (RF) which is running parallel to the North Almora Thrust (NAT) along the Saryu valley from Seraghat-Naichun to Seri in the central sector of the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. The RF is characterized as dextral strike slip fault and behaves as a ductile shear zone within the zone of NAT. The dextral sense of shear movement of RF is delineated by the fabric of the shear zone rocks including microscopically observed indicators such as sigma and delta porphyroclasts, quartz c-axis, and the field structural data. Additionally, in the quaternary period the dextral strike slip fault is reactivated with oblique slip component as characterized by various geomorphic indicators, for example, triangular facets, abandoned river channels, unpaired fluvial terraces, and V-shaped valleys with recurrent seismicity. Further, the morphometric parameters including Valley Floor Width to Valley Height (Vf), asymmetry factor (AF), and gradient index (GI) further prove active nature of RF as suggested by low values of hypsometric integration, V-shaped valley, higher gradient index, and tilting of Saryu basin.
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Dey, Saptarshi, Rasmus C. Thiede, Arindam Biswas, Naveen Chauhan, Pritha Chakravarti, and Vikrant Jain. "Implications of the ongoing rock uplift in NW Himalayan interiors." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-463-2021.
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Abstract. The Lesser Himalaya exposed in the Kishtwar Window (KW) of the Kashmir Himalaya exhibits rapid rock uplift and exhumation (∼3 mm yr−1) at least since the late Miocene. However, it has remained unclear if it is still actively deforming. Here, we combine new field, morphometric and structural analyses with dating of geomorphic markers to discuss the spatial pattern of deformation across the window. We found two steep stream segments, one at the core and the other along the western margin of the KW, which strongly suggest ongoing differential uplift and may possibly be linked to either crustal ramps on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) or active surface-breaking faults. High bedrock incision rates (>3 mm yr−1) on Holocene–Pleistocene timescales are deduced from dated strath terraces along the deeply incised Chenab River valley. In contrast, farther downstream on the hanging wall of the MCT, fluvial bedrock incision rates are lower (<0.8 mm yr−1) and are in the range of long-term exhumation rates. Bedrock incision rates largely correlate with previously published thermochronologic data. In summary, our study highlights a structural and tectonic control on landscape evolution over millennial timescales in the Himalaya.