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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flux lumineux'
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Brière, Normand. "Représentation hiérarchique de flux lumineux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ43702.pdf.
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Louhichi, Véronique. "Réalisation d'un dispositif de mesure du flux lumineux et du flux spectrique énergétique application à l'étude du rayonnement des lampes à décharge haute pression." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599248s.
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Terrom, Mickaël. "Etude d'un dispositif à fibres optiques permettant la collection, le transport et le contrôle d'un flux lumineux solaire." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20114.
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Gautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur arseniure de gallium soumis à un flux lumineux application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605324d.
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Gautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur Arséniure de Gallium soumis à un flux lumineux : application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112028.
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L'utilisation d'une méthode d'optimisation pour déterminer les éléments du modèle électrique linéaire équivalent du transistor à effet de champ sur arséniure de gallium (MESFET) est présentée dans ce mémoire. La sensibilité et la précision de cette méthode sont analysées, une méthode de préoptimisation est alors proposée permettant d'améliorer la précision des résultats. Un banc de caractérisation électrique statique et dynamique piloté par calculateur a été mis au point. Les points importants de cette étude sont la réalisation d'un traceur de caractéristiques statiques performant et l'étude des méthodes d'élimination de l'environnement de mesure microonde du composant. Les variations des éléments du modèle électrique équivalent en fonction de la puissance lumineuse sont présentées, elles montrent que seul un petit nombre d'entre eux subissent une variation significative. La possibilité de commande de la fréquence d'un oscillateur par un flux lumineux est montrée théoriquement et vérifiée expérimentalement. L'étude et la réalisation de deux amplificateurs à bande étroite permettent de mettre en évidence la commande du gain par la lumière avec une dynamique pouvant atteindre 20 dB. Une méthode graphique permettant la détermination de l'impédance de contre-réaction d'un amplificateur à gain plat sur une large bande de fréquence est présentée. Cette méthode a été utilisée pour étudier un amplificateur à gain plat adapté à l'entrée et à la sortie entre 4 et 8 GHz. Un certain nombre d'applications potentielles sont également présentées ainsi qu'une structure de transistor à grille inversée permettant d'augmenter l'influence des effets photoélectriquesThe use of an optimization method for the determination of equivalent linear electrical model elements of gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) is presented. Sensibility and accuracy of this method are analysed, a preoptimization method is proposed for the amelioration of the results accuracy. A computer driven static and dynamic electrical measurement set has been developped. The main features are the realization of an efficient static characteristic plotter and an investigation of the microwave de-embedding of the component. The equivalent electrical model element variations with regard to the incident power light are presented, only a few of them have a significant variation. The optical frequency control of oscillator is theoretically shown and experimentally verified. The design and the realization of two narrow-band amplifiers emphasizes the light control gain. A graphical method for the feed-back impedance determination of flat gain amplifier over a wide frequency range is presented. This method is used to design an input-output matched flat gain amplifier between 4 and 8 GHz. Other potential applications are also presented and in addition an inversed grid transistor which permits to increase photoelectric effects
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Pouvil, Pierre. "Nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur arseniure de gallium en régime de saturation application à la modélisation des caractéristiques électriques sous l'action d'un flux lumineux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090356.
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Pouvil, Pierre. "Nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur Arséniure de Gallium en régime de saturation : application à la modélisation des caractéristiques électriques sous l'action d'un flux lumineux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112023.
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Un nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur arséniure de gallium (MESFET) est présenté dans ce mémoire. Il permet la détermination des caractéristiques statiques et des éléments du schéma électrique équivalent extrinsèque aux fréquences inférieures à 1GHz. Le modèle est basé sur l'approximation quadratique de la forme de la zone dépeuplée sous la grille en régime saturé. La différence de potentiel dans le canal conducteur est donnée par la solution de l'équation de Poisson en tenant compte de la variation de la densité d'électrons libres dans celui-ci. Les phénomènes physiques fondamentaux tels que les effets de bord, de survitesse, ainsi que l'injection des électrons dans la couche tampon sont pris en compte dans cette étude. La validation du modèle est faite par comparaison entre simulation et expérience, pour les caractéristiques courant-tension, et pour les éléments du schéma électrique équivalent extrinsèque d'un MESFET à grille submicronique dans l'obscurité. Les variations théoriques et expérimentales des caractéristiques électriques du transistor en fonction de la puissance lumineuse sont ensuite étudiées lorsque le MESFET est soumis à un flux lumineux dont l'énergie est supérieure à la largeur de la bande interdite du matériau. Enfin, les applications des effets photoélectriques dans le MESFET sont illustrées par la réalisation d'un amplificateur et d'un oscillateur à commande optiqueA new analytical model is proposed for the gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) in the saturation region. When the frequency is less than 1 GHz, the model provides the static characteristics and the extrinsic elements of the equivalent scheme. The model is based on an approximate quadratic form for the depletion region when electron velocity reaches up to the saturation velocity. The potential in the channel is given by the solution of Poisson's equation by taking into account the variation of the electron density inside it. Main physical phenomena like edge effects, overshoot velocity and the carrier injection in the buffer layer are taken into account. Theoretical and experimental results for the I-V characteristics, transconductance, output conductance, gate-source capacitance and gate-drain capacitance are made on submicrometre gat MESFET without and under illumination when the photon energy is greater than the gap bandwidth of the semiconductor. Applications of photo effects in MESFET are given with the design of MESFET amplifier and oscillator controlled by the light
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Verrier, Isabelle. "Influence de certains paramètres sur la propagation lumineuse dans les fibres optiques : fluctuations d'intensité en sortie de fibre multimodale." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET4008.
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L'étude de flux lumineux lors d'un couplage fibre-fibre a permis d'évaluer, en lumière incohérente et cohérente, l'énergie couplée, les fluctuations et le rapport signal sur bruit. Ce travail a amené alors à considérer les variations d'intensité en sortie de fibre sous influence d'une courbure et de modéliser les répartitions de puissance lumineuse en fonction de cette contrainte
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Errera, Marie-Hélène. "Etude des mécanismes immunitaires des uvéites idiopathiques par une approche biologique et l'optique adaptative." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066714/document.
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La majorité des modèles d’uvéites expérimentales sont médiées par les sous-types lymphocytaires CD4+ T-Helper 1 (Th1) et Th17. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier les mécanismes immunitaires mis en jeu lors d’une uvéite idiopathique (sans étiologie) chez l’humain. La première partie de cette étude est donc consacrée à l’étude du profil biologique de 30 cytokines/chimiokines/ facteurs de croissance intraoculaires (AqH) et sériques obtenues au laboratoire (technologie Luminex®). Ces médiateurs sont dosés dans le sérum et l’AqH de patients atteints d’uvéites intermédiaires et postérieures activesidiopathiques. Ces résultats sont comparés à une cohorte de patients non inflammatoires et à des groupes de patients atteints d’uvéites de diverses étiologies. Nous avons trouvé que le profil des médiateurs diffère nettement en fonction de la cause de l’inflammation intraoculaire. Une réponse pro-inflammatoire large est observée avec des concentrations accrues des cytokines de type Th1 (IFNγ, IL-12), Th17 (IL-17), TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, G-CSF et IP-10 dans les uvéites idiopathiques. Les concentrations sériques différent de celles des contrôles par les taux d’IL-17 et IP-10 augmentés. La deuxième partie concerne l’étude des mécanismes immunitaires des uvéites par l’analyse des vascularites en imagerie adaptative (FIOA) et particulièrement l’observation anatomique des modifications liées aux inflammations oculaires. Nous ne trouvons pas de corrélation entre l’aspect de cellularité périvasculaire en FIOA et les cytokines retrouvées dans l’AqH des yeux avec uvéite. Pouvoir déterminer quels médiateurs de l’inflammation interviennent dans les pathologies inflammatoires permettrait de les cibler avec des thérapies adaptéesMost of experimental models of uveitis are mediated by lymphocytic subtypes CD4+ T-Helper 1 (Th1) et Th17. The aim of this thesis is to study the immune mechanisms in idiopathic uveitis (i.e. unknown etiology) in humans. First, we will determine the biological spectrum of 30 cytokines/ chemokines/ growth factors in aqueous humour and sera by Luminex® technology. Those mediators will be measured in the serum and aqueous humour of patients with active intermediate and posterior uveitis classified as idiopathic. Those results will be compared to a cohort of patients with no inflammation and to patients with uveitis of various causes. We found that the profile of mediators changes regarding to the cause of the intraocular inflammation. The proinflammatory process is related to increased levels of cytokines Th1 (IFNγ, IL-12), Th17 (IL-17), TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, G-CSF and IP-10 idiopathic uveitis. The sera of the patients with idiopathic uveitis have increased levels IL-17 and IP-10. Secondly, the immune mechanisms of uveitis were studied by adaptive optics imaging (FIOA) and particularly the observation of anatomic changes related to ocular inflammations. We ruled out any correlation betweeen the perivascular cellular opacification in FIOA and the cytokines/ chemokines found in the eyes with uveitis. An understanding of the profile of mediators in inflammation and their determination could help to target idiopathic uveitis with correct therapies
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Itjoko, Serge. "Optimisation des propriétés radiatives de revêtements alumine/luminophores pour lampes fluorescentes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066316.
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Ce travail a pour objectif l’optimisation de l’émission lumineuse des revêtements fluorescents de tubes à décharge. Premièrement, nous avons construit un modèle permettant de rendre compte de l’émission visible dans un système hétérogène dont la géométrie se rapproche de celle des revêtements fluorescents. Ce modèle, basé sur la théorie du Transfert Radiatif, permet de calculer les coefficients de réflexion (R), de transmission (T), et le flux émis par la couche. Les simulations de ce dernier montrent qu’on peut l’optimiser par différents paramètres morphologiques de la couche. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons caractérisé des revêtements existants afin de déterminer leurs paramètres morphologiques et leurs propriétés d’émission, données indispensables à notre modèle. Les simulations de R et T sont en accord quantitatif et qualitatif avec les mesures. Après validation par des mesures d’émission, ce modèle devrait permettre de simuler la lumière émise par divers revêtements fluorescents.
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Lingfors, David. "Illumination properties and energy savings of a solar fiber optic lighting system balanced by artificial lights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204664.
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A solar fiber optic lighting system, SP3 from the Swedish company Parans Solar Lighting AB, has been installed in a study area/corridor test site. A collector is tracking the sun during daytime, focusing the direct sun irradiance via Fresnel lenses into optical fibers, which guide the solar light into the building. The illumination properties of the system have been characterized. The energy saving due to reduced need of artificial lighting have been calculated and methods for balancing the artificial lights in the test site have been evaluated. The illumination at the test site using solar light was at least as high as when using the artificial lights and even higher at very clear days. The luminous flux output (500 lm) was somewhat lower than specified by the manufacturer (550 lm) at 100 000 lx direct sun illuminance. The output at 130 000 lx was high 767±33 lm the sunlight coupling efficiency 23 %. However, for a 20 m SP3 system the luminous flux output (400 lm) at 100 000 lx was higher than specified (350 lm). The SP3 system of Parans provides high quality solar light. It has a fuller spectrum close to the spectrum of the sun compared to the fluorescent lights at the test site. The correlated color temperature of the system was 5800±300 K and the color rendering index 84.9±0.5. The lighting energy saved due to decreased need for artificial light was estimated to 19 % in Uppsala which has 1790 annual sun hours. The savings in Italy, which has 3400 sun hours, is 46 %. Additional saving, especially in warmer countries can be obtained due to decreased need for cooling in the building as the solar luminaires provide negligible heat to the indoor air. Economical saving could also be realized by improved well-being of the occupants spending time under the solar luminaires. Three ways of balancing the artificial light due to sunshine fluctuations have been investigated. The global horizontal irradiance could not be used as a control signal for balancing the artificial lights but a pyranometer attached to the SP3 sun tracking collector was usable. Also the signal from an indoor luxmeter sensor could be used for balancing the light. However the signal from the light sensor which makes the SP3 collector to track the sun is probably the most cost effective method as it would serve two purposes; tracking the sun and balancing the artificial lights.
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Ikuzwe, Alice. "Energy savings and maintenance optimization of energy-efficient lighting retrofit projects incorporating lumen degradation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77401.
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The lighting retrofit method is adopted as one of the solutions to reduce lighting energy consumption
and improve lighting quality in existing buildings. Lighting controls and energy-efficient light sources
are used to achieve the goals of the lighting retrofit. Nowadays, Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are
replacing traditional lighting technology owing to their high efficiency and longevity. One of the
advantages of LEDs is the controllability function, which allows users to set the light level according
to their preferences. This saves more energy and satisfies users’ lighting needs. However, over time,
the performance of lighting retrofit projects deteriorates subject to failure of the retrofitted lights.
Therefore, to maintain the performance of lighting retrofit projects, maintenance must be planned and
performed.
The impacts of the users’ lighting level requirements on LEDs’ life characteristics and lighting system
performance are investigated by using lighting controls. Light and occupancy sensors adjust artificial
light to the light level required by users and detect the presence of users in the zones, respectively.
Light sensors measure the average illuminance in the zones. The measured illuminance is compared to
the users’ set illuminance; if the measured illuminance is higher than the users’ set illuminance, lamps
are dimmed to meet users’ lighting preference, when the measured illuminance is less than the users’
set illuminance, lamps in the zone are replaced by new ones. The dimming level in each zone at each
sampling interval is used to estimate the operating junction temperature, thereafter the degradation
rate and luminous flux are calculated. Light levels at workspace are modelled using the lumen method.
This model helps to quantify energy savings and predict when lamps will fail to deliver the required
light levels. In existing studies, users’ lighting level requirements are neglected when investigating
the lifetime of the lighting system; however, users’ profile and driving schemes affect the operating
conditions of a lighting system. From the simulation results, it is noted that lumen output degradation
increases when the user’s set illuminance is above the illuminance required under normal operating
conditions and decreases when the user’s set illuminance is below the illuminance required under
normal operating conditions. Increased lumen output degradation shortens the lifetime of LEDs and
reduces energy savings, while decreased lumen output degradation extends the lifetime and increases
energy savings.
Generally, lighting retrofit projects contain a large lighting population; investigating when each lamp
will fail can be time-consuming and costly. In this research, a mathematical model is formulated to
model LEDs’ failure by analysing the statistical properties of the lumen degradation rates. Based on
the statistical properties of the degradation rates, the cumulative probability of failure distribution
and the survival function are modelled. The formulated survival function is incorporated into the
lighting maintenance optimization problem to balance energy savings and maintenance costs. A case
study carried out shows that, in 10 years, the optimal lighting maintenance plan would save up to
59% of lighting energy consumption with acceptable maintenance costs. It is found that the proposed
maintenance plan is more cost-effective than full maintenance. It is concluded that lumen degradation
failure should be considered when investigating the performance of lighting retrofit projects, as this
may not only affect energy savings but also reduce the level of illumination, which can cause visual
discomfort.
The initial investment costs of LEDs are still a barrier to the implementation of LED lighting systems
in residential buildings. Energy-efficiency projects often face hurdles to access capital investments
because decision-makers and funders do not have enough information about operational savings the
project can provide and specific financial requirements applied to efficiency investment. In this research,
an optimization model is formulated to give decision-makers and funders detailed information about
the performance and operational savings that a LED lighting retrofit project can offer and its economic
viability. The lumen degradation failure model developed is used to monitor and estimate the energy
savings, and the optimal maintenance plan is scheduled to replace failed lamps. In the existing studies,
the economic analysis of the lighting retrofit projects is assessed based on lighting population decay
due to burnout failure while in this research economic analysis is assessed by considering the lumen
degradation failure. The case study results show that the substitution of halogen light bulbs with
LED light bulbs could save up to 291.4 GWh of energy consumption, and reduce 273:92 103 tons
of CO2 emissions over 10-year period. The optimization model formulated is effective to help the
decision-makers and funders to quantify the savings and assess the economic viability of the LED
lighting retroïnˇA˛t project. This optimization model can help the decision-makers and funders to make
an informed decision.Thesis (PhD (Electrical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD (Electrical Engineering)
Unrestricted
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Liukaityte, Simona. "Nouvelle métrologie large bande à grande dynamique pour la mesure des flux transmis, réfléchis et diffusés par des filtres optiques à hautes performances." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4351.
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De nombreux efforts fournis sur l’avancement de la technologie de dépôt afin de répondre au besoin des utilisateurs des filtres interférentiels ont donné la naissance à la nouvelle génération des composants optiques. Les progrès techniques permettent de fabriquer les filtres avec la structure particulièrement complexe et atteindre les performances spectrales remarquables, mais aussi soulèvent de nouveaux problèmes au niveau de la diffusion. Les indicatrices de diffusion de ces filtres présentent les variations extrêmement rapides en fonction de l’angle de reprise et de la longueur d’onde, ce qui amoindrit sérieusement les performances des composants. Il est donc d’essentiel d’être capable de caractériser la diffusion lumineuse angulairement et spectralement résolue. L’objectif de cette thèse a alors été de développer l’outil expérimental, déduit pour la métrologie fine de la réponse spectrale et de la diffusion lumineuse. Le travail réalisé a donné naissance au banc SALSA (pour Spectral and Angular Light Scattering characterization Apparatus), un nouveau diffusomètre spectralement et angulairement résolu. Grâce au banc SALSA nous pouvons effectuer les mesures de diffusion sur large gamme spectrale [400 nm -1000 nm] avec la dynamique de 8 décades et la précision meilleure que 1%. Par ailleurs, le banc peut être utilisé pour la mesure de la transmission avec la dynamique de 12 décades, ce qui est performance unique sur l’échèle mondialeDue to market demand and technical progresses, a new generation of optical components requires much more sophisticated structures with a great number of layers. These complex structures enable to achieve severe optical performances but, at the same time, enhance light scattering processes. For these reasons, it is essential to develop a metrological tool which provides an accurate quantification of the spectral and angular behavior of scattering losses, with sufficient angular and spectral resolution. In order to face this issue, new investigations were performed during this PhD thesis and led to the development of the new scatterometer SALSA (Spectral and Angular Light Scattering characterization Apparatus). The use of both a broad-band source and a tunable filter allows to accurately select the illumination wavelength and the spectral bandwidth on the whole spectral range of CCD detectivity. Set-up SALSA allows us to perform the measurements of scattering losses on a wide spectral range (400-1000 nm), with high dynamics (>8 decades), high accuracy and low detectivity (a few 10-8 sr-1). Moreover, with set-up SALSA we are able to measure the transmission of interferential filters on the same spectral range, with high accuracy (1%) and a high dynamic (>10 decades, which is a unique performance)
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Cordeiro, Rodrigo Godoy. "Sistema RGB com controle de fluxo luminoso e redução de variação cromática." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8553.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work proposes a control methodology of luminous flux through independent sink temperature and current applied to red, green and blue LEDs. The main characteristics of solid-state lighting and LEDs themselves are presented, along an architectural approach trends in decorative lighting and artistic scope. Also are discussed the color theory and the history of regulation of colors through the standard CIE (International Commission on Illumination) since the creation of CIE 1931 to the CIE 1976 standard, creating an uniform space for the comparison of results of luminous sources. The constant flux system is proposed, using the equations for estimating the flux that is controlled by a microprocessor in practice, obtaining satisfactory results when compared with the open-loop dimmer system, resulting in a low chromatic variation Δu'v' regarding to studied set of colors, thus representing an imperceptible change to the human eye, taking into account the CIE 1976 standard.
Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia de controle de fluxo luminoso através da temperatura de dissipador e corrente, aplicada a diodos emissores de luz vermelhos, verdes e azuis. São apresentadas as principais características da iluminação em estado sólido e dos diodos emissores de luz propriamente ditos. Uma abordagem arquitetônica das tendências da iluminação decorativa em âmbito artístico é apresentada. É abordada também a teoria das cores. A história da regulamentação das cores através do padrao CIE (Comissão Internacional de Iluminação) é mostrada, desde a criação do padrão CIE 1931 até o padrão CIE 1976. Cria-se, assim, um espaço uniforme para a comparação de resultados de fontes luminosas. O sitema de fluxo constante é proposto, utilizando equações de estimação do fluxo. Este é controlado através de um microprocessador, obtendo-se resultados satisfatórios quando comparado com o sistema em malha aberta. Os resultados mostram uma variação cromática Δu v menor que 0.0035 para as cores ensaiadas, representando assim uma variação imperceptível pelo olho humano, levando-se em consideração o padrão CIE 1976.
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Novotný, Tomáš. "Změny spektra zářivého toku světelných zdrojů v závislosti na napětí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217599.
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The master’s thesis consists of two parts. The first part describes base quantities of lighting engineering, basics of the electrical energy transformation to the light energy, laws of the thermal radiation and characteristics of incandescence and discharge light sources used for general illumination. This part concludes with a theoretical analysis of influence of power supply on the parameters of light source’s luminous flux. The second part of the thesis deals with the draft and configuration of a workplace for measuring spectral radiation of light sources depending on power supply. The last part of the thesis is created by the evaluation of spectral radiation and other light parameters changes according to the light source’s power supply changes.
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Larsson, Klara, and Markus Sarah Lindeskog. "Att Ljussätta Ett Rum : En ljusstudie och ljussättning av en sjukgymnastikavdelning." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174184.
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Ljus påverkar människan psykiskologiskt och fysiskt, trots detta är de krav som idag finns på belysningen inte tillräckliga för att beakta de miljöegenskaper ljuset bidrar med. Ett visst ljus i kombination med en viss färg och material påverkar människan på olika sätt. De krav som ställs tar bara hänsyn till de tekniska aspekterna. Hur ljus estetiskt påverkar ett rum är en faktor detta arbete tar hänsyn till, då det påverkar människans välmående. Detta projekt behandlar två olika rum, ett rum för träning och behandling samt ett väntrum på en sjukgymnastikavdelning tillhörande Södersjukhuset i Stockholm. Dessa två rum har genomgått en ljusstudie och ljusplanering med syfte att skapa en ljussättning som är anpassad för sitt ändamål och som upplevs trivsam och behaglig. Vissa skillnader mellan projektets framtagna förslag och ett verkligt projekterat förslag har även jämförts. För att genomföra ljusstudien och ljusplaneringen har beräkningar utförts i belysningsprogrammet RELUX. På grund av att ljus inte enbart kan simuleras med hjälp av datorprogram har även fysiska modeller byggts för att analysera valet av färgtemperatur. Studiebesök på sjukgymnastpraktiker och träningsanläggningar har gjorts för att få inspiration. Även intervjuer med sjukgymnaster har gjorts för att få förståelse för vilka faktorer som måste tas hänsyn till vid en ljusplanering för denna typ av verksamhet. Litteraturstudier har gjorts för att få en djupare kunskap i hur ljus agerar i olika miljöer. Ljusplaneringen har resulterat i en jämn och god belysning i de två rummen. Kraven för belysning enligt SS-EN 12464–1:2011, har uppfyllts. Ljuskällornas färgtemperaturer har fastställts med hänsyn till färgerna i rummen, varmvit i väntrummet och neutral i tränings-/behandlingsrummet. Armaturer med uppljus och nedljus har valts i syfte att minska bländning och luminansskillnader. Downlights har valts för att belysa väggar och föremål. För att skapa en upplivande atmosfär i rummen har även dekorbelysning använts. Slutsatsen av detta arbete har visat att det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till en jämn belysning, anpassa belysningen och ljuskällans färgtemperatur efter färgsättning och material samt att anpassa belysningen efter alla synuppgifter som kan komma att krävas av personen som skall utföra arbetsuppgifter i rummet.Light affects humans psychologically and physically, despite this the lighting requirements does not pay regard to the environmental characteristics that light contributes with. A specific light in combination with a specific color and material affects the human being in different ways. The lighting requirements only takes the technical aspects into account. In this project consideration will be given to how the light aesthetic affects the well-being. In this project two rooms will be processed, a waiting room as well as a room meant for rehabilitation. The rooms are placed in a building that includes physiotherapy at Södersjukhuset in Stockholm. The rooms have participated in a light study to create a light environment that is adjusted to its purpose as well as it is pleasantly perceived. Some differences between this lighting project and an actual lighting project have been compared. To perform this light study, various calculations have been done in the lighting planning software RELUX. Light can not solely be simulated with computer software, therefore physical models have been built to analyze the choice of color temperature. Visits to physiotherapy practices and training facilities have been done for inspirational purposes. Interviews with physiotherapists have also been done to reach a better understanding of what factors are needed to be taken under consideration while planning the lighting. Literature studies have been made to get a deeper knowledge in how light reacts in different environments. The lighting planning has resulted in an even lighting in both rooms. The requirements for lighting according to SS-EN 12464-1:2011 have been fulfilled. The different color temperatures of the light sources have been determined regarding the colors of the rooms, warm white in the waiting room and neutral in the rehabilitation room. Armatures with up and down lights have been chosen with the purpose of decreasing glare luminary differences. Downlights have been chosen to lighten up the walls and various objects. To create an uplifting atmosphere in the room, decor lighting have also been used. The conclusion of this work has shown that it is important to take luminance uniformity, adapt the light and color temperature to the room and its colors and materials into account. It is also important to adapt the light to all the different visual works that can take place in the room.
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Pavelka, Adam. "Numerické modelování zdrojů světla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219144.
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The master’s thesis deals with photometry units used in light engineering. There are defined the methods of modelling the illumination systems, their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of using. Furthermore, the thesis deals with modelling of two illumination systems by ray-tracing in programming environment of MATLAB. The master’s thesis describes the analysis of the problem and the program designing process. Acquired model results are then compared with the real measurements of both illumination systems which allow the discussion of the results and the deviations of the models.
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Knápková, Dagmar. "Zpětný výpočet křivek svítivosti svítidel určených pro osvětlování komunikací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400570.
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This master´s thesis deals with the reverse calculation of luminous curves for roads according to ČSN EN 13201. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part describes the basic requirements and procedures for calculating the luminous curves. The practical part describes the program, created in the Matlab environment, which is designed for the practical calculation of the ideal luminous curve, for each situation given by the user. Further particular example of the calculation is given.
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Rudy, Veronika. "Technologie zalévání LED pásků epoxidovými hmotami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443229.
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The thesis deals with the pouring of epoxy materials over LED strips. The research part contains an introduction to photometry and summarizes the types of potting compounds along with their characteristics. The practical part delves into the effect different amount of pigment has on the photometric properties. This is assessed based on verified measurements performed with the help of a goniophotometer on samples with different amounts of pigment, which were created using an integration sphere. Furthermore, a brightness analysis and a long-term outdoor test were performed.
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Pavelka, Tomáš. "Provozní vlastnosti LED a jejich modelování." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263352.
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Doctoral thesis deals with parameters of LED light sources and their static and dynamic changes due to variable operational conditions. Firstly there is briefly described the history of light emitting diodes, that brought LED from unintentional observation of luminescence to light source, which is generally used through the whole area of lighting techniques. Thesis focuses on light parameters analysis, which are specific for semiconductor light sources and their mutual relations. These relations in compliance with understanding the principles of light emission in semiconductor light sources enable establishing of basic connections and effects usable for LED behaviour model. Mutual relations of LED parameters and influencing factors are verified by measurement of chosen testing samples. For deeper understanding of diode parameter influencing mechanisms there are analysed current degradation models including degradation of partial components. On the basis of these facts there is created a model of LED luminaire operating with LED parameters together with cooling system that represent the integral part of the luminaire. Impact of supply drivers is also studied, because they are necessary for LED operation. Designed model supports the area of static changes of light parameters, as well as the dynamic changes of output parameters. Presented model is verified by testing measurements at basic operational states and partially outside of the common operational limits. There are also presented the possibilities of real use of the model that involve the evaluation of designed luminaire for specific light sources, searching for optimal operational limits, optimization of luminaire heatsink or using public lighting systems for regulation of electricity grid load fluctuations.
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Miyashiro, Mauro Massanori. "Avalia??o da efici?ncia energ?tica de l?mpadas LED." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/916.
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Light Emmiting Diode ? LED. Efici?ncia energ?tica. Portaria n? 144/2015. INMETRO. Fator de pot?ncia. Fluxo luminoso. Efici?ncia energ?tica. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy efficiency of LED light bulbs (Light Emitting Diode) commercialized in the Brazilian market in the period of 2015/2016 and the development of a low cost test system to measure the mains voltage, current, consumption and power factor of LED lamp. For the evaluation of the LED lamps, the equipment available in the laboratories of the Eldorado Research Institute was used, and as a reference, the requirements established by Ordinance No. 144/2015 of the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, published on March 13, 2015. This Ordinance made it mandatory for manufacturers and importers to certify LED bulbs as of February 26, 2016. In order to carry out this work, a set of LED lamps from different manufacturers was acquired in the retail market to be subjected to functional tests of consumption of energy (watts), power factor (PF), luminous flux (lumens) and luminous efficiency (lumens/watt). The data obtained were compared with the nominal values declared by the manufacturers, as specified in the INMETRO ordinance. The results show that 11% of the samples failed in the energy consumption test and 83% failed in the power factor test. The developed test system was validated comparing its measurements with the results obtained in the tests carried out in INMETRO certified laboratory. Through this work it was possible to have an overview of the energy efficiency of LED bulbs currently commercialized in the country.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia energ?tica de l?mpadas com tecnologia LED (Light Emitting Diode) comercializadas no mercado brasileiro no per?odo de 2015/2016 e o desenvolvimento de um sistema de teste de baixo custo para medir a tens?o da rede el?trica, a corrente, o consumo e o fator de pot?ncia de l?mpada LED. Para a avalia??o das l?mpadas LED foram utilizados os equipamentos dispon?veis nos laborat?rios do Instituto de Pesquisas Eldorado e como refer?ncia os requisitos estabelecidos pela Portaria n? 144/2015 do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, publicada em 13 de mar?o de 2015. Esta Portaria tornou obrigat?ria para fabricantes e importadores a certifica??o das l?mpadas LED a partir de 26 de fevereiro de 2016. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho foi adquirido no mercado de varejo um conjunto de l?mpadas LED de diferentes fabricantes para serem submetidos a testes funcionais de consumo de energia (watts), fator de pot?ncia (FP), fluxo luminoso (lumens) e efici?ncia luminosa (lumens/watt). Os dados obtidos foram comparados com os valores nominais declarados pelos fabricantes conforme especificado na portaria do INMETRO. Os resultados demonstram que 11% das amostras falharam no teste de consumo de energia e 83% falharam no teste de fator de pot?ncia. O sistema de teste desenvolvido foi validado comparando suas medi??es com os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados em laborat?rio certificado pelo INMETRO. Atrav?s deste trabalho foi poss?vel ter um panorama amostral da efici?ncia energ?tica das l?mpadas LED comercializadas atualmente no pa?s.
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Chang, Liang-Kang, and 張良港. "Estimations of Luminous Flux of a Backlight System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69182344385141370927.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程所
95
The research presents with numerical analysis to evaluate the total luminous flux and computed the utilization ratio of brightness for a backlight system by using a luminance meter. Contrary to estimation methods, a more traditional way to analysis the luminous efficiency of a backlight system is to use the spectral lamp. In this paper, we had to use the spectral lamp measurement system to find the luminous fluxes for a backlight system. With this result as a reference, the paper had to compare the total luminous efficiencies to obtain by using different estimation methods. In addition to these experimental results, this paper discussed the impact of dividing the total illumination surface into small areas for computation time of total luminous flux. Finally, some conclusions of the strength and weakness of each estimation method are drawn.
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Tshibe, Lindani. "Characterisation of total luminous flux measurements for light-emitting diodes." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57506.
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have found a use in various applications due to their compact size, durability and energy efficiency. Traditionally, due to low levels of illuminated light, LEDs have been mostly utilised as indication lamps for signalling purposes. The introduction of high power LEDs (specifically, phosphor-based white power LEDs) has been the drive behind the replacement of traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting applications by their LED counterparts. This is due to LEDs and other solid-state lamps (SSLs) being far more energy efficient and durable. Moreover, SSL devices can be integrated into various shapes as a luminaire, thanks to its nature of being a tiny light source in discrete form. However, the optical and electrical nature of LEDs and SSLs is different from that of traditional light sources, like incandescent lamps. These distinguishing features of LEDs sets them apart from traditional light sources and means that the treatment of LEDs (in terms of measurement) must be carefully evaluated. Variations in measurements done by manufacturers, national laboratories and end-users have been reported. Some of these discrepancies in measurements are due to temperature drifts (which is expected for an LED, as it is a semi-conductor device), their directional or spatial nature, and LEDs being narrow band sources of light (resembling laser diodes).
A method for measuring LED luminous flux has been studied and tested on a 50cm and a 200cm integrating sphere that makes use of readily available laboratory equipment. It is
demonstrated that any laboratory set-up can be individually characterised to accommodate the measurement of LEDs with controlled accuracy. Measurement traceability is transferred from a reputable national laboratory institute of South Africa (NMISA). A lumen is realised from an illuminance standard that has been tested via global inter-laboratory comparisons against other international laboratories. A lumen realised using this method also traces to an NMISA giant primary standard (an absolute radiometer).
This method eliminates the necessity of dealing with the issues that often arise when standard LED lamps are used as a reference when calibrating LED sources.Lig-emissiediodes (LEDs) word gebruik in verskeie toepassings as gevolg van hul verenigbaarheid, duursaamheid en energiedoeltreffendheid. In die verlede is LEDs meestal gebruik as aanwyserlampe vir seindoeleindes as gevolg van hulle lae verligtingsvlakke. Die ontwikkeling van ho?drywing-LEDs (meer spesifiek, fosforgebaseerde wit LEDs) was die dryfveer vir die vervanging van konvensionele gloeilamp- en fluoresseerlampbeligting, in verskeie toepassings, deur toepaslike LEDs. Dit is omdat LEDs en ander vastetoestandligbronne (SSLs) baie meer energiedoeltreffend en duursaam is. Daarbenewens kan SSL-ligbronne gebruik word in verskeie vorms armature, omdat hulle klein bronne in kompakte vorm is. Die optiese en elektriese aard van LEDs en SSLs verskil egter van di? van konvensionele ligbronne, soos gloeilampe. Hierdie onderskeidende kenmerke van LEDs veroorsaak dat hierdie tipe ligbron heeltemal anders as konvensionele ligbronne toegepas moet word, met die gevolg dat die meting van LEDs anders hanteer en noukeurig ge?valueer moet word. Vervaardigers, nasionale laboratoriums en endgebruikers het variasies in resultate van metings deur hulle gedoen, aangemeld. Sommige van hierdie verskille is as gevolg van temperatuurdrywing (wat verwag kan word van 'n LED, omdat dit is 'n halfgeleiertoestel is), hulle gerigte of ruimtelike aard en omdat LEDs noubandligbronne kan wees (soortgelyk aan laserdiodes). 'n Metode is ondersoek en op die proef gestel op 'n 50 cm en 'n 200 cm integreersfeer onderskeidelik (wat toerusting gebruik wat geredelik beskikbaar in die laboratorium is). Daar is bevind dat enige laboratoriumopstelling individueel gekarakteriseer kan word om die meting van LEDs met akkuraatheid binne aanvaarbare toleransies te verkry. Die metingnaspeurbaarheid word oorgedra van 'n betroubare nasionale metrologie-instituut (NMISA). Die lumen word gerealiseer deur middel van 'n ligintensiteitstandaard wat geverifieer is deur middel van internasionale interlaboratoriumvergelykings met ander internasionale metrologie-institute. Tydens die lumenrealisering word daar ook naspeurbaarheid verkry na die nasionale prim?re standaard soos byvoorbeeld die absolute radiometer. Hierdie metode skakel die probleme uit wat dikwels ontstaan wanneer standaard LED-lampe as verwysing gebruik word tydens die kalibrasie van LED bronne.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Mao, Li_Wen, and 茆力文. "Automatic Luminous Flux Control System Design and Implementation for White Light Emitting Diode." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33460538277846568051.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
電機工程學系
99
This thesis presents a driver circuit system design for LED with automatic luminous flux control (ALC). The automatic luminous control can reduce luminous variation without using photodiode. The ALC system design is based on automatic electrical power control (AEC) system and automatic photo-power control (APC) system, which is added a temperature compensation circuit, then it can maintain luminous control. The ALC system is compensated without photo diode at the operation temperature from -40℃ to 85℃.
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Yi-ChienCheng and 鄭伊茜. "Design and Practices of Dynamic Stability Regulate Circuit for AC LED Luminous-Flux." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s42ftc.
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Zhang, Ting-Yao, and 張庭耀. "Development of the Heat Sink for High Luminous Flux LED Tubular Lighting Module." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10689593604002536037.
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碩士明志科技大學
機械工程系機械與機電工程碩士班
102
The heat dissipation from the LED light source is critical due to the luminous efficacy is mainly affected by the junction temperature of LED. A well approach to dissipate the heat from the p-n junction is by way of the heat sink of metals. The metals such as aluminum and cooper are often used to be the heat sinks for LED light sources. However, the cost percentage of the heat sink among the whole LED light source is 25-40% which is the key part to increase the ratio of performance to price. For increasing the previous ratio the dissipation power respect to the unit weight of heat sink is essential. The size factors of the heat sink are varied to simulate the temperature distributions by Icepack under different LED powers of 4.15, 6.65 and 13 Watts. Comparison the simulation and experimental results reval that the double slants of this developed heat sink may enhance the heat dissipation of the LED light source, and the output luminous flux is thus increased. This output luminous flux of the 2 feet in length T8 LED tube, 15280 lm based on the luminous efficacy of 80 lm/W of commertial LED one, is 40% higher than commertial ones. A total weight of this aluminum extrusion heat sink of 128 gram to disspate 21 Watts dedicates this developed heat sink has a very high ration of performance to price for spreading of LED light sources.
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Huang, Chia-Chun, and 黃家軍. "Study on Asymmetric Luminous Distribution Based on Zonal Flux Technique and Applying to Fixture Design." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49525729346390474761.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
103
The purpose of this thesis is to establish the mathematical models of secondary asymmetrical optical lens based on lighting zonal flux analysis and iteration method. By using the software to verify the practicability of our designed lens for limited area. By the proposed mathematical equations we are able to meet our requirements. The lighting engineering design software DIALux is used to set up a lighting environment for verifying the practicability of the proposed luminaries. Comparing established equation and the result, we can verify the purpose method. The thesis is aimed to provide a better and even luminous distribution luminarie suitable for narrow spaces illuminating application with asymmetrical candela distribution by utilizing the refraction area, primary-reflection area and secondary-reflection area. The proposed luminaries gives better overall uniformity of the lighting environment compared with the conventional symmetrical project luminaries which were commonly used in various indoors applications. Based on lighting zonal flux analysis and iteration method, one could distribute the correct optimal optical path precisely and determine the better luminaire structure the . The luminous distribution data files, in standard IES format, given by optical tracing software TracePro were applied into lighting design software DIALux to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness and profits for the proposed luminaries, which in turn to verify the applicability of the derived mathematical models.
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Huang, Chung-Ching, and 黃重卿. "Development of uniformity of correlated color temperature and high luminous flux of white LEDs by using ZrO2 nano-particles." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61689430513837959845.
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碩士國立交通大學
光電工程研究所
101
Recently, the white LEDs (WLEDs) burgeons due to the advantages of small sizes、high efficiency and power saving. To fully substitute the traditional lighting and bring human beings the comprehensive applications, enhancement of luminous efficiency and the improvement of color uniformity have become important issues. WLEDs composed of the blue LED chips and yellow phosphor are most common to use in industry area, among which the traditional dispensing method possess the characteristics of easy packaging and low cost, so this method is adopted universally. In spite of various advantages of tradition dispensing method, structure for this kind of WLEDs still have some problems such as imhomogeneous angular-dependent correlated-color temperature (CCT) , thus the serious yellow-ring phenomenon was unavoidable. To solve this problem, we proposed the utilization of nano-particles to ameliorate the non-uniformity of CCT and further improve the luminous efficiency. In this thesis, the the ZrO2 nano-particle was employed to co-doped with phosphor and silicone encapsulant because of thermal stable、wear-resisting and low cost, via the high scattering effect of nano-particles, blue light emitted from chip was altered significantly, and the angular-dependent CCT uniformity was improved, besides, this structure also provides higher lumen output. Finally, we demonstrate that Mie-scattering dominates the whole scattering process by the analysis of optical simulation software, the capability of scattering was increased with less than 1% ZrO2 usage of nano-particles, hence we can spare the redundant usage of phosphor and make a cost reduction in WLEDs fabrication by doping ZrO2 nano-particles. .
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Chen, Tai-Hung, and 陳泰宏. "Study of the Correlation between the Measurement Error in Luminous Flux and the Light Source Position in an Integrating Sphere." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75871314973351238895.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
光電科技碩士學位學程在職專班
101
In this thesis we will design some experiments in the integration sphere to understand the effect of spatial distribution of light source inside the sphere. The sphere photometry in the total flux measurement is the most important method , but in the long history the effect of the spatial distribution of the light source inside the sphere was not very well understand at all, in the small light source the light source could be located in the center of the sphere without any problem, but the large size of light source(compare to the sphere size), it will become very difficulty. This study will be a very good reference for the sphere photometer user to understand this effects and can help to make some estimate or error control in their measurements, while they have to measure the light source is too big, too long or just can't put the light source in the center of the sphere.