Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flux radiatif'
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Guilbert, Simonne. "Comparaisons des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL et CERES / Aqua : amélioration des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR027.
Full textIn the context of climate change, it is essential to estimate precisely and be able to monitor over time the energy balance of the Earth at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface. In terms of measurement, obtaining a correct estimate of the radiative balance requires a precise determination of the shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes. The objective of this thesis is to assess the solar radiative fluxes obtained from the French radiometer POLDER on board the PARASOL microsatellite supported by CNES. A first part of the thesis presents a comparison between the operational products computed from POLDER observations with the reference fluxes obtained through the broadband radiometers CERES on the NASA space platforms Aqua and Terra. The comparisons are made over two periods: first a period with coincident measurements (2005-2009), then a second period which corresponds to the drift of the PARASOL satellite (2010-2013). We show that this drift had an impact on the observations, with strong repercussions on the calculated fluxes. Over the period of coincidence of the measurements, POLDER fluxes are very close to the fluxes from CERES for two of the products studied (CERES SSF1deg and CERES SYN1deg) with relative differences under 2% until December 2009. After 2010, the relative difference increases with the drift. A land/ocean compensation effect is also revealed. The results obtained through these comparisons led us to study in detail the component of the algorithm used to obtain the monthly means of POLDER shortwave fluxes. This part of the algorithm is the diurnal extrapolation, used to estimate a value of albedo at all hours of the day from a single observation using models that are scene-dependent. The models used for the operational products were built using four months of POLDER-1 observations (1996-1997). We decided to take advantage of the data obtained throughout the entire PARASOL mission to improve these models. The shortwave fluxes obtained with the new models show less dependence on the drift over oceans but a drift is still present over lands. These results led to several propositions that could improve POLDER's shortwave fluxes, mainly by increasing the number of POLDER models. This work, based on measurements from POLDER-3, which was shut down in December 2013, but whose data is available, will be largely reusable for the future multispectral, multi-angular and polarized radiometer 3MI, developed by ESA and EUMETSAT and which will fly onboard the EPS-SG mission supported by EUMETSAT from 2024, for approximately 20 years
Baud, Germain. "Conception de récepteurs solaires à lit fluidisé sous flux radiatif concentré." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0106/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate the position and the potential of solar fluidized bed receivers compared to other methods for the solar heating of gases at high temperature. To this end, a thorough knowledge of the heat transfer and hydrodynamic of the receiver is necessary. To acquire this knowledge, we modeled the heat transfer in the receiver with a focus on the radiative transfer by taking into account the multiple scattering of light in the particle medium, the effect of walls on radiative heat transfer and the directionality of the concentrated solar radiation. The accurate determination of the distribution of particles within the fluidized bed has been a critical parameter for the calculation of heat transfer. With these models, later refined by a confrontation with experimental references, we have studied the effect of geometry on heat transfer in the receiver. This study highlighted the necessity to use a switching section fluidization column and the importance to optimize the pair : solar concentrator / receiver to avoid any overheating at the walls of the receiver. Moreover, it appears that the homogenization of the temperature in the fluidized bed of the receiver increase its performance
Leray, Cedric. "Etude du comportement thermique et thermomécanique des récepteurs solaires sous haut flux radiatif." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0003/document.
Full textFor the future, using thermodynamical solar power plant seems to be a good solution to ensure electrical production. Solar tower plants are able to produce electricity in significant amount, are environmentally friendly and economically competitive. One way to increase the yield of these plants is using high efficiency thermodynamical cycles, like combined cycle. That requires to providing a working fluid at high temperature and high pressure (10bar and 1000°C at least). This PHD thesis presents the works performed to develop and enhance a concept of modular plate solar ceramic absorber that can ensure the required air production. We chose the silicon carbide as material due to its resistance to high temperatures and oxidation problems. The drawback is ceramic modules are weak to traction stresses. The study focuses on the knowledge and the control of this phenomenon. This work combines the developments of numerical tools and experimental studies performed at Thémis power plant (Targassonne, 66, FRANCE). The numerical method permits simulations to predict the thermal behavior and the mechanical behavior of a solar module absorber. It allows the reduction of the mechanical stresses undergone by solar receiver and the prediction of its performances. This methodology was tested using experimental results
Simonet, Frédéric. "Optimisation du calcul du flux radiatif dans les lampes a decharge haute pression : applications." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30213.
Full textHerin, Philippe. "Conception et caractérisation de capteurs de flux radiatif et convectif : application aux mesures "in situ"." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10051.
Full textRingenbach, Nicolas. "Bilan radiatif et flux de chaleur en climatologie urbaine : Mesures,modélisation et validation sur Strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/RINGENBACH_Nicolas_2004.pdf.
Full textHerin, Philippe. "Conception et caractérisation de capteurs de flux radiatif et convectif application aux mesures "in situ /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614253p.
Full textBen, Rehouma Asma. "Restitutions et analyse des paramètres climatiques mesurés par satellites sur l'Afrique et l'Océan Atlantique pour les deux dernières décennies : Tendances et variabilité des flux radiatifs en liaison avec les autres paramètres." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066710.
Full textDia, Oumar, and Martin Hounkanlin. "Etude du transfert thermique et des instabilites dans un film liquide soumis a un flux radiatif." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2308.
Full textZhang, Xing Long. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation théorique d'un feu de combustible liquide de petite dimension : influence d'un flux radiatif extérieur." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2259.
Full textNasri, Nacer. "Étude thermique du comportement en régime transitoire d'une matrice poreuse soumise à un flux radiatif : application a la conversion thermique de l'énergie solaire." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10134.
Full textAubert, Adrien. "Etude de la protection thermique par film d'eau d'une paroi soumise à un flux radiatif : approches expérimentale et numérique." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4f71a165-9801-4736-8e3c-185961634336.
Full textInnovative heat protection device are very important in the industrial context of new material research. This work is dedicated to the study of a water film based system, when a vertical panel is submitted to a radiant heat flux. The aim is to avoid the wall from being damaged. First, a simplified situation is considered, that is the heat transfer between a water film and a heated plane. A semi-analytical solution is presented as well as a numerical study of the influence of surface instabilities on heat transfer. The research is then divided in two axes. An experimental work was released on a dedicated apparatus. Different configurations are studied. The film is either pre-established on the wall when the radiant heat flux is applied, or triggered once the panel subjected to the radiant flux reaches a certain temperature. Influences of the height, of the film flow and the radiant flux are studied. When using small flows, the wall tends to dry. However, the film seems really powerful to protect the wall concerning more important flows. Simultaneously, a 2D unsteady numerical model of the wall and the film was developed. Results are compared to the experiments and proved to give the same trends as well as the numerical values. The model can be used to simulate situations impossible to achieve experimentally due to safety risks
Itjoko, Serge. "Optimisation des propriétés radiatives de revêtements alumine/luminophores pour lampes fluorescentes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066316.
Full textKabbaj, Narjisse. "Etude du transfert radiatif d'un plasma thermique d'air : influence des propriétés radiatives dans la modélisation d'un arc libre." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30024.
Full textIn the simulation of electrical arc, the representation of radiative contribution is essential to provide a satisfactory description of the thermal behavior of the plasma. The accurate prediction of the radiative emission is essential to determine the evolution of the arc temperature. For a precise description of radiative effect, a resolution of the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) , is necessary necessary with knowledge of the absorption coefficient. Unfortunatly, the complexity of this coefficient - dependent on temperature and wavelenghth- makes this equation impossible to solve in term of computational cost. This is why many approximative methods are developed to simplify the calculation of the radiative properties. In this work, we have carried out a detailed description of the spectrum of an air plasma with about 7.106 points on frequency. From this description, we have calculated the divergence of the radiative flux either from the net emission coefficient (NEC) based on a geometric simplification of the plasma, or from the mean absorption coefficients (MAC) calculated after a division of the spectrum into 6 intervals in which we have used different mean functions (Classic, Planck, Planck Modified and Rosseland), or from an exact calculation corresponding to a direct solution of the RTE. This is why many approximative methods were developed to reduce numerical demands . The calculations have been done for 9 simplified configurations in 1D assuming a cylindrical plasma for which the temperature profile varies only with the radius. The different steps of the work are presented and highlight the influence of several parameters such as the temperature profile, the pressure, the copper vapors.... A great part of this work deals with the comparison between the results obtained from the exact resolution with the results deduced from the other approaches in order to validate the use and the accuracy of the different methods. This comparison allowed us to develop an optimization methodology providing improvements to the calculation of the approximate methods (NEC and MAC) allowing a better description of the radiative properties. Finally, this work presents the development of an axisymmetric 2D free-burning arc model solving the Navier-Stockes and Maxwell equations by the finite volume method. This model allows a comparison between the NEC method and the P1 method which takes into account the absorption of radiation in the cold areas
Moutier, William. "Utilisation de la cytométrie en flux pour une meilleure connaissance de la diffusion individuelle des particules : Application au phytoplancton." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0439/document.
Full textThe objective was to use the flow cytometer (Cytosense, CityBuoy B.V., NL) to understand the influence of structural and morphological parameters of phytoplankton cells on the backscattering. We have analyzed the optical properties of the cells over different growth phases. A microcosm experiment was performed on two species (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chlamydomonas Concordia) during 20 days. The forward and sideward efficiencies of Thalassiosira pseudonana were, respectively, 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than the efficiencies Chlamydomonas Concordia. The inter- and intra-species variations were explained by theoretical simulations and in situ measurements (biogeochemical and observations from scanning electron microscope). In situ measurements were used to obtain informations about the cell structure (e.g. thickness of the frustule). The forward efficiency was impacted by the aggregation and the cell size. The real refractive index of the chloroplast is a key parameter that could explain variations of the sideward efficiency. In the future, we recommend to use a two-layered sphere model (cytoplasm-chloroplast) to simulate the optical properties of phytoplankton cells. An analysis of the relationship between the particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) and the backscattering coefficient was performed. Strong linear relationships were observed only during the exponential phase. A reconstruction of the backscattering coefficient permitted to highlight that the POC was from phytoplankton cells origin for a species and bacterial origin for the other one
El, Ammouri Fouad. "Etude théorique des transferts couplés conductif, convectif et radiatif dans des écoulements gazeux hétérogènes et turbulents : mesure du flux conductif par déviation de faisceau laser." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0310.
Full textHamady, Mohamad. "Calcul du transfert radiatif dans une lampe à décharge à forte intensité par une technique de lancer de rayons." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30142.
Full textThis work presents a method for calculating radiative transfer in high intensity discharge lamps using a technique of ray tracing. The considered discharge is divided into elementary cells responsible for launching rays in all directions. We determine for each ray the crossed mesh and the distance travelled in each mesh. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is then solved along each ray. We calculate thus the net emission coefficient, the spectral flux emitted by the discharge and also the photometric curves. These calculations consider that the discharge has a cylindrical symmetry and assume that the plasma is at local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Hence, the only knowledge of the temperature profile and pressure is sufficient to calculate the chemical composition of plasma and to account the mechanisms of broadening of spectral lines in the treatment of radiative transfer. This calculation method is applied into lamps containing pure mercury and mercury doped with metal halides (thallium iodide). We deduce from energy calculations the photometric characteristics: Luminous flux, luminous efficacy, photometric curves, color temperature and chromaticity coordinates. We show the influence of thallium lines in photometric characteristics of the lamp
Montalban, Iglesias Josefa. "Mélange de matière à l'intérieur radiatif des étoiles de faible masse induit par ondes de gravité : application aux abondances des éléments légers et au flux de neutrinos solaires." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077059.
Full textRochatte, Vincent. "Développement et modélisation d'un photobioréacteur solaire à dilution interne du rayonnement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22705/document.
Full textThe present PhD dissertation deals with photobioreaction engineering for efficient microalgae production. The approach is based on the construction of knowledge models that permit predicting the performances of the process, whatever its design, the illumination conditions, or the microalgae species cultivated. These models are used to establish optimal design and control strategies that are implemented to construct and operate pilot-scale plants. Here, a 24 liters air-lift photobioreactor is studied, that is based on the principle of incident solar light-flux dilution for approaching the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of natural photosynthesis. For that purpose, the culture volume is internally illuminated by 1000 light-diffusing optical fibers. As a first step toward solar production, this PhD work focuses on perfectly controlled illumination conditions ensured by discharge lamps. First, the reactor hydrodynamics and radiative transfer are characterized. In particular, incident light-flux density at the fiber surfaces is measured by actinometry (with Reinecke salt), thanks to a novel treatment enabling analyses of situations with partial light absorption and complex geometries. Then, the mean volumetric rate of biomass production and the process efficiency are measured based on one year of continuous Arthrospira platensis culture. For the low radiative flux densities tested (dilution), photorespiration by the cyanobacterium is observed and included in the thermokinetic model. Moreover, this dissertation includes a presentation of the Monte Carlo method for solving the radiative transfer equation withinthe complex geometry of the computer aided design used for manufacturing the reactor. After validation against experimental results, the model is predictively used to simulate the pilot operating with natural solar light, based on solar DNI databases. These results indicate engineering parameters (in particular the dilution factor) for optimal yearly-averaged surface productivity, as a function of Earth location
Czerwinski, Marek. "Modélisation de la turbidité spectrale d'un milieu multidiffusif et son application au problème inverse." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES067.
Full textWrobel, Frédéric. "Elaboration d'une base de données des particules responsables des dysfonctionnements dans les composants électroniques exposés à des flux de protons ou de neutrons. Application au calcul des taux d'erreurs dans les mémoires sram en environnement radiatif naturel." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20064.
Full textPierre, Thomas. "Mesure de la température à l'échelle microscopique par voie optique dans la gamme ultraviolet-visible." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL096N/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to measure microscale temperature by optical way in the UV-visible range by photons counting using a cooled PMT. From the existing techniques advantages and disadvantages, this first part allows to understand the choices of this study. The second part shows and underlines the interest in working in short wavelengths (diffraction limit, measurement accuracy), in using the multi-spectral method to get rid of unknown parameters (e.g. emissivity) by choosing judicious working wavelengths, as well as the statistic laws to measure the photonic flux knowing its random emission. The third chapter presents the optical bench (optical microscope, photonic flux measurement facility…). A particularly attention is given to the design of the heated elements, which allow to calibrate the facility. The fourth part exposes the temperature results obtained through statistic laws. They validate the well-running of the facility, the microscopic area focusing, and the interest to model correctly the filters. Finally, measurement accuracy improvements (diffraction grating, multi-channel analyzer) and lower temperature measurement techniques (LIF, time-correlated method) are presented in the fifth part
Deulin, Xavier. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de transport des photons dans les milieux turbides par la méthode des éléments finis : Application à la thermocoagulation des tissus biologiques par laser." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0010.
Full textThe goal of this work was to modelise and simulate transport phenomena of photons into turbid media with the radiative transfer equation obtained from Boltzmann’s equation by integration and which can be easily solved by the Finite Element Method. The source term was explicated for a diffuse laser beam and the boundary conditions were obtained by establishing energetic balances. The goal of the numerical simulation was first to study the role played by optical coefficients on the fluence rate distribution. Second to analyse the case of heterogeneous media like multilayered media and embedded heterogeneities. And finally, to apprehend complex phenomena of tissue coagulation by laser in solving the coupled equations of heat and radiative transfer
Sá, Pâmella Crisley Costa de. "Estimativa do saldo de radiação em cultivo irrigado de cana-de-açúcar utilizando dados de sensoriamento remoto orbital." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/626.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In Brazil there is a great irregularity and no radiation data that has just committing several studies. Thus, the use of remote sensing techniques is presented as a promising field, with the advantage of determining the components of the radiation balance with high spatial coverage quickly and accurately, and together with surface data have been indispensable in the application models and algorithms to estimate the components of the energy balance at the surface and evapotranspiration at various scales of time and space, which is the main factor to be considered in estimating water needs of the crop. The aim of this research project was to determine the components of the radiation balance in sugarcane area from MODIS (MODIS) inserted in SEBAL model (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) and validate them with data to the surface in the production area of sugarcane irrigated belonging to the company Agribusiness of the São Francisco Valley SA - Agrovale in Juazeiro - BA. It was concluded that there was no unusual condition in the behavior of the terms of the radiation balance obtained on the surface, when considering the different growth stages although the absolute values of the terms were different. The terms of the Radiation Balance found through MODIS images by applying the model SEBAL had expected behavior for targets with consistent and similar values to those found on the surface except for the albedo that had errors 54.5%, 50%, 11.7% and 26% for phases I to IV, respectively. Finally, the evapotranspiration using Rn from the satellite imaging showed no significant difference we react to ETcBERB and ETcPM1. It follows, therefore, that remote sensing can be perfectly used in determining the water needs of the crop of sugarcane in the region under study
No Brasil há uma grande irregularidade ou inexistência de dados de radiação, que acaba comprometendo diversos estudos. Desta forma, o emprego de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto apresenta-se como um campo promissor, com a vantagem da determinação dos componentes do balanço de radiação com grande cobertura espacial de forma rápida e precisa e, juntamente com dados de superfície têm sido indispensáveis na aplicação de modelos e algoritmos destinados à estimativa dos componentes do balanço de energia à superfície e da evapotranspiração em várias escalas de tempo e espaço, sendo este o principal fator a ser considerado na estimativa das necessidades hídricas da cultura. O objetivo deste projeto de pesquisa foi determinar os componentes do balanço de radiação em área de cana-de-açúcar a partir de dados MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) inseridos no modelo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) e validá-los com dados obtidos à superfície em área produtiva de cana-de-açúcar irrigada pertencente à empresa Agroindústrias do Vale do São Francisco S.A - Agrovale no município de Juazeiro - BA. Concluiu-se que não houve nenhuma condição atípica no comportamento dos termos do balanço de radiação obtidos à superfície, quando se consideraram os diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura embora os valores absolutos dos termos tenham sido diferentes. Os termos do Balanço de Radiação encontrados através de imagens MODIS aplicando o modelo SEBAL apresentaram comportamento esperado para os alvos, com valores consistentes e próximos aos encontrados à superfície, exceto para o albedo que apresentou erros de 54,5%, 50%, 11,7% e 26% para as fases de I a IV, respectivamente. Por fim, a evapotranspiração usando o Rn proveniente do processamento de imagens de satélite não apresentou diferença significativa em realação a ETcBERB e a ETcPM1. Conclui-se, portanto, que o sensoriamento remoto pode perfeitamente ser usado na determinação das necessidades hídricas da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na região em estudo
2016-11-14
Lohmann, Ulrike, Leon Rotstayn, Trude Storelvmo, Andrew Jones, Surabi Menon, Johannes Quaas, Annica M. L. Ekman, Dorothy Koch, and Reto A. Ruedy. "Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?" Copernicus Publications, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13832.
Full textJarrige, Raphaëlle. "Détermination des propriétés optiques de matériaux granulaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831549.
Full textFernandes, Cássio Spohr. "Implementação de modelos atualizados de gás cinza no software FDS para predição do fluxo de calor radiativo em incêndios." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184710.
Full textThis work aims to implement and test updated gray gas models in the thermal radiation routine of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software, as well as the use of the gray gas model available in the software to the prediction of radiative heat flux. The gray gas models studied were the default model of the FDS software (determined GC1), and the most current gray gas models: the GC2, in which the absorption coefficient of the participant medium is given by a polynomial relations, and the GC3, which is a gray gas model that was based on the calculation of the absorption coefficient in the WSGG model. The most recently gray gas models were implemented in the source code, which is an open source, and the verification of the implementation was performed by the numerical solution of the equations from the reported values of the software. With the new gray gas models already implemented, the next step was the computational simulation of the previously selected cases. For all the gray gas models, pool fires were simulated different scenarios of fire for different fuels (ethanol, nheptane and methanol), with and without considering soot presence in the system. The fire scenarios were: (i) fully closed, (ii) fully open and (iii) with an intermediate condition, closed but with an opening to the external environment. A study of a mesh analysis and different parameters, such as the study of the required amount of discrete solid angles, were performed to correct the standard parameters. The computational simulations were verified for the default gray gas model of the FDS by comparing the simulations results with those reported in the specific literature of each case. With the models already verified, each fire scenario was simulated with the different gray gas models previously implemented. From the analysis of the results, good agreements were obtained for the fields of temperature, molar fraction of CO2 and H2O and soot volume fraction. The radiative heat fluxes were correctly predicted for all gray gas models early implemented. The GC2 model present results with average deviation in the range of 15%, the gray gas model based on WSGG (GC3) presented the best results, with average deviation lower than 10%, while the default software model (GC1) presented intermediate results.
Roberts, Sarah Marie. "Three-dimensional radiation flux source areas in urban areas." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28541.
Full textLiu, Xianglei. "Tailoring thermal radiative properties and enhancing near-field radiative heat flux with electromagnetic metamaterials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54960.
Full textBebeau, Robert R. "Simulation of Radiation Flux from Thermal Fluid in Origami Tubes." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7666.
Full textSarazin, Desbois Céline. "Méthodes numériques pour des systèmes hyperboliques avec terme source provenant de physiques complexes autour du rayonnement." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814182.
Full textBITELLI, ULYSSES D. "Medida e calculo da distribuicao espacial e energetica de neutrons no nucleo do reator IEA-R1." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9883.
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Dissertacao(Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Wang, Aiguo. "Dépôts de ZrB2 par L. P. C. V. D : comportement sous flux radiatifs intenses." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20157.
Full textColeman, Peter John. "Plasma protein flux across arterial walls in vivo, with relation to atherosclerosis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307647.
Full textDe, Almeida Jose Sergio. "Measurement of radiation in complex geometries and comparison with calculational techniques." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36072.
Full textIles, Roger Henry Anthony. "A study of relativistic electron flux enhancements in the earth's outer radiation belt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270953.
Full textSingo, Thifhelimbilu Daphney. "Development of a high flux neutron radiation detection system for in-core temperature monitoring." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19999.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to develop a neutron detection system that incorporates a mass spectrometer to measure high neutron flux in a nuclear reactor environment. This system consists of slow and fast neutron detector elements for measuring fluxes in those energy regions respectively. The detector should further be capable of withstanding the harsh conditions associated with a high temperature reactor. This novel detector which was initially intended for use in the PBMR reactor has possible applications as an in-core neutron and indirect temperature-monitoring device in any of the HTGR. Simulations of a generic HTGR core model were performed in order to obtain the neutron energy spectrum with emphasis on the behavior of three energy regions, slow, intermediate and fast neutrons within the core at different temperatures. The slow neutron flux which has the characteristic of a Maxwell- Boltzmann distribution were found to shift to larger values of neutron flux at higher energies as the fuel temperature increased, while fast neutron flux spectra remained relatively constant. In addition, the results of the fit of the slow neutron flux with a modified Maxwell-Boltzmann equation confirmed that in the presence of the neutron source, leakage and absorption, the effective neutron temperatures is above the medium temperatures. From these results, it was clear that the detection system will need to monitor both slow and fast neutron flux. Placing neutron detectors inside the reactor core, that are sensitive to a particular energy range of slow and fast neutrons, would thus provide information about the change of temperature in the fuel and hence act as an in-core temperature monitor. A detection mechanism was developed that employs the neutron-induced break-up reaction of 6Li and 12C into α-particles. These materials make excellent neutron converters without interference due to γ-rays, as the contributions from 6Li(γ,np)4He and 12C(γ,3α) reactions are negligible. The mass spectrometer measures the 4He partial pressure as a function of time under high vacuum with the help of pressure gradient provided by a high-vacuum turbomolecular pump and a positive-displacement fore-vacuum pump connected in series. A cryogenic trap, which contains a molecular sieve made of pellets 1.6 mm in diameter, was also designed and manufactured to remove impurities which cause a background in the lighter mass region of the spectrum. The development and testing of the high flux neutron detection system were performed at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), South Africa. These tests were carried out with a high energy proton beam at the D-line neutron facility, and with a fast neutron beam at the neutron radiation therapy facility. To test the principle and capability of the detection system in measuring high fluxes, a high intensity 66 MeV proton beam was used to produce a large yield of α-particles. This was done because the proton inelastic scattering cross-section with 12C nuclei is similar to that of neutrons, with a threshold energy of about 8 MeV for both reactions. Secondly, the secondary fast neutrons produced from the 9Be(p,n)9B reaction were also measured with the fast neutron detector. The response of this detection system during irradiation was found to be relatively fast, with a rise time of a few seconds. This is seen as a sharp increase in the partial pressure of 4He gas as the proton or neutron beam bombards the 12C material. It was found that the production of 4He with the proton beam was directly proportional to the beam intensity. The number of 4He atoms produced per second was deduced from the partial pressure observed during the irradiation period. With a neutron beam of 1010 s−1 irradiating the detector, the deduced number of 4He atoms was 109 s−1. When irradiation stops, the partial pressure drops exponentially. This response is attributed to a small quantity of 4He trapped in the present design. Overall, the measurements of 4He partial pressure produced during the tests with proton and fast neutron beams were successful and demonstrated proof of principle of the new detection technique. It was also found that this system has no upper neutron flux detection limit; it can be even higher than 1014 n·cm−2·s−1. The lifetime of this detection system in nuclear reactor environment is practically unlimited, as determined by the known ability of stainless steel to keeps its integrity under the high radiation levels. Hence, it is concluded that this high flux neutron detection system is excellent for neutron detection in the presence of high γ-radiation level and provides real-time flux measurements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om ’n neutrondetektorstelsel te ontwikkel wat hoë neutronvloed binne in ’n kernreaktor kan meet. Die stelsel bevat twee aparte detektorelemente sodat die termiese sowel as snelneutronvloed gemeet kan word. Die detektor moet verder in staat wees om die strawwe toestande, kenmerkend aan ’n hoë temperatuur reaktor, te kan weerstaan. Die innoverende detektorstelsel, oorspronklik geoormerk vir gebruik in die PBMR reaktor, het toepassingsmoontlikhede as in-kern neutron- sowel as indirekte temperatuurmonitor. Simulasies van ’n generiese model van ’n HTGR reaktorkern is uitgevoer ten einde die neutronenergiespektrum in die kern by verskillende temperature te bekom met klem op die gedrag van neutrone in drie energiegroepe: stadig (termies), intermediêr en snel (vinnig). Daar is bevind dat die stadige neutrone, wat ’n Maxwell-Boltzman verdeling toon, in intensiteit toeneem en dat die piek na hoër energie verskuif met toename in temperatuur, terwyl die vinnige neutronspektrum relatief onveranderd bly. ’n Passing van die stadige spektrum op ’n gemodifiseerde Maxwell-Boltzmann verdeling het bevestig dat die effektiewe neutrontemperatuur weens die teenwoordigheid van bronterme, verliese en absorpsie, hoër as die temperatuur van die medium is. Hierdie resultate maak dit duidelik dat die detektorstelsel beide die stadige sowel as die vinnige neutronvloed moet kan waarneem. Deur detektorelemente wat sensitief is vir die onderskeie spekrale gebiede in die reaktorhart te plaas, kan informasie bekom word wat tot in-kern temperatuur herleibaar is sodat die stelsel inderdaad as indirekte temperatuurmonitor kan dien. Die feit dat alfa-deeltjies geproduseer word in neutron-geïnduseerde opbreekreaksies van 6Li en 12C is as die basis van die nuwe opsporingsmeganisme aangewend. Hierdie materiale funksioneer uitstekend as neutron-selektiewe omsetters in die teenwoordigheid van gamma-strale aangesien laasgenoemde se bydraes tot helium produksie via die 6Li(γ,np)4He en 12C(γ,3α) reaksies, weglaatbaar is. Die massaspektrometer meet die tydgedrag van die 4He parsiële druk binne ’n hoogvakuum wat met behulp van ’n seriegeskakelde kombinasie van ’n turbomolekulêre en positiewe-verplasingsvoorpomp verkry word. ’n Koueval met ’n molekulêre sif, bestaande uit 1.6 mm diameter korrels, is ontwerp en vervaardig om onsuiwerhede te verwyder wat andersins as agtergrond by die ligter gedeelte van die massaspektrum sou wys. Die ontwikkeling en toetsing van die hoëvloed detektorstelsel is te iThembaLABS (iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences) gedoen. Dit is uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die hoë energie protonbundel van die D-lyn neutronfasiliteit asook van die bundel vinnige neutrone by die neutronterapiefasiliteit. Om die beginsel en vermoë te toets om by ’n hoë neutronvloed te kan meet, is van die intense 66 MeV protonbudel gebruik gemaak om ’n hoë opbrengs alfa-deeltjies te verkry. Dit is gedoen omdat die reaksiedeursnit vir onelastiese verstrooiing van protone vanaf 12C kerne soortgelyk is aan die van neutrone, met ’n drumpelenergie van 8 MeV vir beide reaksies. Tweedens is die sekondêre vinnige neutrone afkomstig van die 9Be(p,n)9B reaksie ook met die neutrondetektor gemeet. Daar is bevind dat die reaksietyd van die deteksiestelsel tydens bestraling relatief vinnig is, soos gekenmerk deur ’n stygtyd van etlike sekondes. Laasgenoemde manifesteer as ’n toename in die parsiële druk van die 4He sodra die proton- of neutronbundel op die 12C teiken inval. Daar is verder bevind dat die 4He produksie direk eweredig aan die bundelintensiteit is. Vir ’n neutronbundel van nagenoeg 1010 s−1, invallend op die neutrondetektor, is vanaf die gemete parsiële druk afgelei dat die produksie van 4He atome sowat 109 s−1 beloop. In die geheel beoordeel, was die meting van die 4He parsiële druk tydens die toetse met vinnige protone en neutrone suksesvol en het dit die nuwe meetbeginsel bevestig. Dit is verder bevind dat die meetstelsel nie ’n beperking op die boonste neutronvloed plaas nie, maar dat dit vloede van selfs hoër as 1014 s−1 kan hanteer. Die leeftyd van die detektorstelsel in die reaktor is prakties onbeperk en onderhewig aan die bevestigde integriteit van vlekvrystaal onder hoë bestraling. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat die nuwe detektorstelsel uitstekend geskik is vir die in-tyd meting van ’n baie hoë vloed van neutrone ook in die teenwoordigheid van intense gammabestraling.
Otter, Stephen. "Simulation of the radiative flux at the Martian surface between 180 and 1100 nm." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54218/.
Full textGeorge, Tyrel Daniel Frank. "Design and testing of long-lifetime active sensor arrays for in-core multi-dimensional flux measurements." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35229.
Full textDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Douglas S. McGregor
Fission chambers are a common type of detector used to determine the neutron flux and power of a nuclear reactor. Due to the limited space and high neutron flux in a reactor core, it is difficult to perform real-time flux measurements with present-day in-core instrumentation. Micro-pocket fission detectors, or MPFDs, are relatively small in size and have low neutron sensitivity while retaining a large neutron to gamma ray discrimination ratio, thereby, allowing them to be used as active neutron flux monitors inside a nuclear reactor core. The micro-pocket fission chamber allows for multiple detectors to be inserted into a flux port or other available openings within the nuclear reactor core. Any material used to construct the MPFD must be rugged and capable of sustaining radiation damage for long periods of time. Each calibrated MPFD provides measurements of the flux for a discrete location. The size of these detectors allows for a spatial map of the flux to be developed, enabling real-time analysis of core burnup, power peaking, and rod shadowing. Small diameter thermocouples can be included with the array to also measure the temperature at each location. The following document details the research and development of MPFDs for long term use in nuclear power reactors. Previous MPFD designs were improved, miniaturized, and optimized for long term operations in reactor test ports designed for passive measurements of fluence using iron wires. Detector chambers with dimensions of 0.08 in x 0.06 in x 0.04 in were attached to a common cathode and individual anodes to construct an array of the MPFDs. Each array was tested at the Kansas State University TRIGA Mark II nuclear reactor to demonstrate functionality. The linear response in reactor power was measured. These arrays have also demonstrated reactor power tracking by following reactivity changes in steady state operations and reactor pulsing events. Stability testing showed consistent operation at 100 kW for several hours. The MPFDs have been demonstrated to be a viable technology for in-core measurements.
Jawaid, Abrar. "The decortication of flax by the application of hydroacoustic radiation." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369387.
Full textFleury, Rob. "Evaluation of Thermal Radiation Models for Fire Spread Between Objects." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4959.
Full textWells, C. "The derivation of radiation flux parameters from thermoluminescent dosimetry measurements in mixed neutron/gamma ray fields." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376564.
Full textReisi, Fard Mehdi. "The development of a high count rate neutron flux monitoring channel using silicon carbide semiconductor radiation detectors." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149088480.
Full textFELIPPE, MONICA T. S. D. "Estudo de fluxo de oxido nitroso (Nsub(2)O) regional na bacia amazonica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9547.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Rizzitelli, Federico. "Design and implementation of BIRDY satellite data and Radiation Payload simulators." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textTouré, Ibrahima. "Calculs d'épaisseurs optiques : Évaluation des flux de diverses composantes au sol du rayonnement solaire, application capteur plan classique et capteur à renforcement de flux incident." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10320.
Full textSopkin, Kristin L. "Heat fluxes in Tampa Bay, Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002398.
Full textRodrigues, Julia da Rosa Howat. "Projeto e construção de um simulador solar concentrador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-25082016-093701/.
Full textAccording to the Brazilian Atlas of Solar Energy, despite the different climatic characteristics observed in Brazil, the annual average of global solar irradiation has good uniformity and high levels throughout the country. The values of global solar irradiation in almost the entire length of Brazil (4200-6700 Wh/m2/day) are higher than those observed in most European Union countries, like Germany (900-1250 Wh/m2/day), France (900-1650 Wh/m2/day) and Spain (1200-1850 Wh/m2/day), where projects for solar energy applications, some of them relying on strong government incentives, are widely disseminated. Several scientific and technological advances made in the study of solar energy applications are due to the use of compact solar simulators in long-term experiments. Replacing the Sun by artificial sources, such as arc lamps with radiation emission similar to the Sun spectrum, indoor simulators avoid the dependence on natural conditions such as the weather, the daytime, the sunlight intermittence and the directional change of the solar radiation. The project proposed for this dissertation aimed to master the design and manufacturing processes of a high-flux solar simulator consisting of arc lamps and an optical reflector. Once technique was understood, a solar simulation pilot model was built and some tests were performed to assess the project quality, the resistance of components and the apparatus concentration factor.
Frankman, David J. "Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer in Wildland Fire Environments." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3066.pdf.
Full textMUNIZ, RAFAEL O. R. "Desenvolvimento de um simulador antropomorfico para simulacao e medidas de dose e fluxo de neutrons na instalacao para estudos em BNCT." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9559.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP