Academic literature on the topic 'Fly ash/GGBS Mixture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Md Zain, M. R., C. L. Oh, and L. S. Wee. "Performance of Eco Engineered Cementitious Composites Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials as a Binder and Recycled Concrete Fines as Fine Aggregate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012004.
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Abstract Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) mixtures demand a large cement content, which is detrimental to their sustainable development because mass cement production is hazardous to the environment and human health. Thus, this paper investigates the mechanical performance of eco engineered cementitious composites (ECC) under axial compressive loading and direct tensile strength tests. The eco ECC used in this investigation was comprised of cement, superplasticizer, fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), polypropylene (PP) fibre, water and recycled concrete fines (RCF). Two (2) eco ECC mixture series were designed and prepared. GGBS70 (70 percent GGBS + 30 percent cement), FA70 (70 percent Fly Ash + 30 percent cement), GGBS80 (80 percent GGBS + 20 percent cement), and FA80 (80 percent Fly Ash + 20 percent cement) are the four Cement-GGBS and Cement-Fly Ash combinations examined in this study. Also every combination had two different RCF percentages, R0.2 (0.2 percent RCF) and R0.4 (0.4 percent RCF). The main objective of this research is to determine the optimum mix design for eco ECC that contains supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as GGBS or FA. Additionally, recycled concrete fines (RCF) were used as a substitute for sand. The influence of different cement replacement materials and RCF content on compressive and tensile strength was experimentally investigated. The inclusion of GGBS as a partial replacement of cement in the eco concrete mixture results in greater compressive strength than Fly Ash (FA). The test results revealed that increasing the RCF content in the ECC mixture resulted in higher compressive and tensile strength. When the sand to binder ratio was adjusted between 0.2 and 0.4, the compressive and tensile strength of the ECC mixture increased.
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Arularasi, V., P. Thamilselvi, Siva Avudaiappan, Erick I. Saavedra Flores, Mugahed Amran, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Vatin, and Maria Karelina. "Rheological Behavior and Strength Characteristics of Cement Paste and Mortar with Fly Ash and GGBS Admixtures." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179600.
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A cement paste or mortar is composed of a mineral skeleton with micron to millimeter-sized grains, surrounded by water filaments. The cohesion or shear resistance in the cement paste and mortar is caused by capillary forces of action. In the case of mortar mixes, there is friction between the particles. Therefore, the mortar mixture shows both friction between particles and cohesion, while the paste shows only cohesion, and the friction between particles is negligible. The property of the cement paste is greatly influenced by the rheological characteristics like cohesion and internal angle friction. It is also interesting that when studying the rheology of fresh concrete, the rheological behavior of cement paste and mortar has direct applicability. In this paper, the rheological characteristics of cement paste and mortar with and without mineral admixtures, that is, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), were studied. A cement mortar mix with a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 was investigated, including fly ash replacement from 10% to 40%, and GGBS from 10% to 70% of the weight of the cement. A suitable blend of fly ash, GGBS, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was also selected to determine rheological parameters. For mortar mixtures, the flow table was conducted for workability studies. The flexural and split tensile strength tests were conducted on various mortar mixtures for different curing times. The results indicate that in the presence of a mineral mixture of fly ash and GGBS, the rheological behavior of paste and mortar is similar. Compared with OPC-GGBS-based mixtures, both cement with fly ash and ternary mixtures show less shear resistance or impact resistance. The rheological behavior of the mortar also matches the rheological behavior in the flow table test. Therefore, it is easy to use the vane shear test equipment to conduct cohesion studies to understand the properties of cement paste and mortar using mineral admixtures. The strength results show that the long-term strength of GGBS-based mixtures and ternary mixed mixtures is better than that of fly-ash-based mixtures. For all mixtures, the strength characteristics are greatest at a w/b ratio of 0.6.
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Salih, Moslih Amer, Shamil Kamil Ahmed, Shaymaa Alsafi, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abullah, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Ikmal Hakem Aziz, and I. Nyoman Arya Thanaya. "Strength and Durability of Sustainable Self-Consolidating Concrete with High Levels of Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 7991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227991.
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Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been used extensively in the construction industry because of its advanced characteristics of a highly flowable mixture and the ability to be consolidated under its own weight. One of the main challenges is the high content of OPC used in the production process. This research focuses on developing sustainable, high-strength self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by incorporating high levels of supplementary cementitious materials. The overarching purpose of this study is to replace OPC partially by up to 71% by using fly ash, GGBS, and microsilica to produce high-strength and durable SCC. Two groups of mixtures were designed to replace OPC. The first group contained 14%, 23.4%, and 32.77% fly ash and 6.4% microsilica. The second group contained 32.77%, 46.81%, and 65.5% GGBS and 6.4% microsilica. The fresh properties were investigated using the slump, V-funnel, L-box, and J-ring tests. The hardened properties were assessed using a compressive strength test, while water permeability, water absorption, and rapid chloride penetration tests were used to evaluate the durability. The innovation of this experimental work was introducing SCC with an unconventional mixture that can achieve highly durable and high-strength concrete. The results showed the feasibility of SCC by incorporating high volumes of fly ash and GGBS without compromising compressive strength and durability.
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A. H. HASSAN and H.B. MAHMUD. "Mixture Proportioning Of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) Containing Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Blast Furnace Slag." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.131682.
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Self-compacting concrete is a new generation of high-performance concrete with the aim of building durable concrete structures without any skilled laborers for concrete placement. This paper displays mixture proportion of self-compacting concrete and briefly discusses the effects of addition of rice husk ash (RHA), fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to fresh properties, compressive strength and durability performance of self- compacting concrete.
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Kumar Vishal, Manish Kumar Yadav, Punit Kumar, and Manish Kumar. "Study of mechanical behavior of Fly Ash based geopolymer concrete." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0127.
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Construction materials that are friendly to the environment are now being researched and developed all over the globe in an effort to limit the use of natural resources that are depleting at an alarming rate and to cut down on the production of greenhouse gases. In this respect, geopolymer plays an extremely important function, and a large number of researchers have investigated the numerous dimensions of its viability as a material for binding. In order to alter the geopolymerisation reaction of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (abbreviated as GGBS) has been used into fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (abbreviated as GPC). In this paper, the influence of various proportions of GGBS (0-100%) on Fly Ash based GPC, as well as the effect of the amount of Alkaline Activated Solution (AAS) in the mixture of GPC, is studied to determine how it affects the compressive strength of the GPC under conditions of ambient temperature. It was observed from the results of the experiments that the compressive strength of the GPC increases both with an increase in the percentage of GGBS and also with an increase in the amount of the sodium silicate solution in which the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous solution is fixed at a constant value of 10M. This was the case even though the amount of sodium hydroxide that was present in the solution remained the same.
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Ahmed, Hemn U., Azad A. Mohammed, and Ahmed Mohammed. "Soft computing models to predict the compressive strength of GGBS/FA- geopolymer concrete." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e0265846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265846.
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A variety of ashes used as the binder in geopolymer concrete such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA), metakaolin (MK), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), and so on, among of them the FA was commonly used to produce geopolymer concrete. However, one of the drawbacks of using FA as a main binder in geopolymer concrete is that it needs heat curing to cure the concrete specimens, which lead to restriction of using geopolymer concrete in site projects; therefore, GGBS was used as a replacement for FA with different percentages to tackle this problem. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), M5P-Tree (M5P), Linear Regression (LR), and Multi-logistic regression (MLR) models were used to develop the predictive models for predicting the compressive strength of blended ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash based-geopolymer concrete (GGBS/FA-GPC). A comprehensive dataset consists of 220 samples collected in several academic research studies and analyzed to develop the models. In the modeling process, for the first time, eleven effective variable parameters on the compressive strength of the GGBS/FA-GPC, including the Activated alkaline solution to binder ratio (l/b), FA content, SiO2/Al2O3 (Si/Al) of FA, GGBS content, SiO2/CaO (Si/Ca) of GGBS, fine (F) and coarse (C) aggregate content, sodium hydroxide (SH) content, sodium silicate (SS) content, (SS/SH) and molarity (M) were considered as the modeling input parameters. Various statistical assessments such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Scatter Index (SI), OBJ value, and the Coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the developed models. The results indicated that the ANN model better predicted the compressive strength of GGBS/FA-GPC mixtures compared to the other models. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the alkaline liquid to binder ratio, fly ash content, molarity, and sodium silicate content are the most affecting parameter for estimating the compressive strength of the GGBS/FA-GPC.
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Le, Tri H. M., Dae-Wook Park, Jin-Yong Park, and Tam M. Phan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Fly Ash and Slag on the Properties of Cement Asphalt Mortar." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1829328.
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The application of cement asphalt mortar (CAM) in modern high-speed railways has been gaining attention due to its combined merits between asphalt and cement hydration product characteristics. To promote sustainable development, it is promising to utilize by-products in the making of new CAM instead of using only cement. In this research, the cement content was partly replaced by fly ash or ground-granulated blast furnace (GGBS) slag to achieve this objective. Then, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of these admixtures on the fresh and hardened characteristics of CAM. The test results revealed that the CAM mixture with slag received better fresh properties compared to the controlled mixture. However, the poor pozzolanic property of these by-product materials may lead to the low strength development. Meanwhile, although the mixture with fly ash suffered from slow strength establishment compared to the control mix at an early age, the strength of this condition increases dramatically after 28 days. Based on the findings, the application of appropriate fly ash content in the CAM mixture will not only provide ideal workable time and mixing stability but also ensure the required strength for the design target. This combination also serves as a cost-effective and environmental solution.
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Procházka, Lukáš, Jana Boháčová, and Barbara Vojvodíková. "Influence of Fly Ash Denitrification on Properties of Hybrid Alkali-Activated Composites." Crystals 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050633.
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This article deals with the possibility of partial replacement of blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with fly ash after denitrification (FAD) in alkali-activated materials. Physical-mechanical and durability properties were tested, hydration reaction was monitored, and infrared spectroscopy was performed. Results were compared between mixtures prepared with fly ash without denitrification (FA), and also with a mixture based only on GGBFS. The basic result is that hybrid alkali-systems with FAD show similar trends to FA. The significant effect of fly ash is manifested in terms of its resistance to freeze-thaw processes. Reactions in a calorimeter show a slower development of reactions with increasing replacement of GGBFS due to the lower reactivity of the fly ash. Through testing the leaching resistance, a decrease in flexural strength was found. This may be due to the descaling of the main hydration product, C–(A)–S–H gel. After 28 days of maturation, compressive strengths of all monitored mixtures ranged from 96 to 102 MPa. The flexural strengths ranged from 6.8 to 8.0 MPa. After 28 days of maturation, the higher strengths reached mixtures without replacing GGBFS. In terms of resistance to freeze-thaw processes, the largest decrease (almost 20%) of flexural strength was achieved by a mixture with 30% of GGBFS replacement by FA. No fundamental differences were found for the mixtures in the FTIR analysis.
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Srinivas Prabhu, R., R. Anuradha, and S. Vivek. "Experimental Research on Triple Blended Self-Compacting Geo Polymer Concrete." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 5, no. 2 (November 5, 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2016.5.2.804.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) represents one of the most outstanding advances in concrete technology during the last decade. self compacting concrete is a flowing concrete mixture that is able to consolidate under its own weight. The highly fluid nature of SCC makes its suitable for placing in difficult situation and in sections with congested reinforcement. The aim of the study is to make use of Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Silica Fume as replacements of cement and understand its effect on the fresh properties and hardened properties of concrete. The investigation includes the concept of triple blending of Fly ash, GGBS and Silica Fume, this triple blend exploits the beneficial characteristics of Pozzolanic materials in producing a better concrete.
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Kanagarathinam, L., Venkatesan Govindaraj, V. Gokul, V. Muthukumaran, and Yalam Nikhil Sai. "Laboratory Evaluation of Stabilising Components for Effective Treatment of Expansive Soil." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 4 (July 21, 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230055.
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The experimental study is to understand the mix ratio of fly ash and GGBS (ground granulated blast-furnace slag) in improving the shrink-swell characteristic of soil. The strength of the soil improved considerably after the addition of these stabilisers. In this study, experiments were conducted to observe the influence of the soil stabilisers in the improvement of the strength of the subgrade in expansive soil regions. This influential study will reveal the percentage of Flyash and GGBS mixture. Then the Standard Proctor Compaction test is used to determine the optimum moisture content required to compact the soil with Flyash and GGBS to attain the maximum dry density. The soil’s California Bearing ratio (CBR) was computed to understand the behaviour of improved soil if used as a subgrade. Hence the existing soil can be used as a subgrade with effective treatment of soil.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Buss, Kirsty. "Ternary combination concretes using GGBS, fly ash & limestone : strength, permeation & durability properties." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0da1012f-5af4-470d-bec1-a9c51df03ab8.
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With the pressure on the construction industry to lower CO2 emissions it has become increasingly important to utilise materials that supplement Portland cement (CEM I) in concrete. These include additions such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash, which have found greater use due to the benefits they provide to many properties of the material (in addition to environmental impact). While studies have investigated these materials in binary blends with CEM I, little work has examined the effect of combining materials in ternary blend concretes. A wide-ranging study was, therefore, set up to examine this for the range of more commonly available additions. This thesis reports on research carried out to investigate the effects of cement combinations based on CEM I / GGBS with either fly ash or limestone. The experimental programme investigated these materials in both paste and concrete and covered fresh properties, compressive strength, permeation and durability properties (using standard water curing for the latter three) and considered, for the hardened properties, how these may be balanced with environmental cost. The mixes covered a range of w/c ratios (0.35. 0.50 and 0.65), which was the main basis of comparison, and combinations of CEM I with GGBS (at levels of 35%, 55% and 75%), and fly ash and LS part-replacing this (at levels of 10 to 20 % and 10 to 35% respectively), after consideration of the relevant standards and related research. The initial phase of the study examined the characteristics of the materials, which indicated that they conformed to appropriate standards and were typical of those used in the application. Studies with cement paste (0.35 and 0.50 w/c ratio) indicated that there were reductions in water demand with the use of addition materials (binary and ternary) compared to CEM I. The setting times of the cement pastes were also affected, generally increasing with GGBS level for the binary mixes, although the effect was influenced by w/c ratio. Whilst fly ash and limestone delayed setting at the higher w/c ratio, the opposite occurred as this reduced, compared to the binary mixes. It was also found that the yield stress increased with GGBS level and further with the addition of ternary materials (particularly limestone) compared to CEM I. The superplastiser (SP) dosage requirement in concrete was found to decrease with increasing w/c ratio, and ternary additions reduced this compared to binary and CEM I concrete with the effect most noticeable at low w/c ratio. Early strength development was less than CEM I for binary concretes and differences increased with GGBS level. Improvements with the introduction of fly ash compared to the binary concretes were noted with increasing GGBS levels and w/c ratio. In general, the addition of LS gave reduced early strength for all concretes. Although at the 35% GGBS level binary concretes achieved similar strength to those of CEM I, the others generally gave reductions at all ages to 180 days, with differences increasing with GGBS level. However, with increasing w/c ratio and GGBS level improved strength development of ternary concretes, was noted compared to those of CEM I from 28 days. Permeation (absorption (initial surface absorption and sorptivity) and permeability (water penetration and air permeability)) and durability properties (accelerated carbonation and chloride ingress) of the test concrete were also investigated. At 28 days, for low GGBS levels, the binary concretes gave reduced absorption properties compared to CEM I, while the reverse occurred at high level. The effect of the ternary concretes gave further improvements at the lower GGBS levels and with increasing w/c ratio and curing time compared to CEM I. At the higher GGBS level the effect of the ternary additions was less noticeable but, in the case of limestone, improvements were still seen with increasing w/c ratio compared to CEM I. Similar effects were noted for the sorptivity results. The air permeability results gave higher values at 28 days for the binary and ternary concretes compared to CEM I, but significant improvements in the long-term at the lower GGBS level across the range of w/c ratios compared to CEM I concrete. Similar trends were found with water penetration tests. Accelerated carbonation increased with GGBS level for binary concretes compared to CEM I. These differences increased further with the introduction of fly ash and LS, particularly the former. In contrast rapid chloride tests indicated improvements with increasing GGBS levels compared to CEM I and further benefits with the inclusion of fly ash and limestone. Embodied CO2 (ECO2) was calculated based on published British Cement Association (BCA) values for each component of the mix and was shown to reduce with increasing w/c ratio and addition level in concrete. For concrete of an equal strength of 40N/mm2 the ECO2 could be almost halved (reduced from 343 kg/m3 for the CEM I to 176 kg/m3) for the ternary concretes at higher GGBS levels. These combination concretes also gave enhanced durability with regard to chloride ingress and at the lower w/c ratio comparable properties to CEM I in the case of carbonation. Overall, the results suggest that there is potential for ternary concretes to be used in the concrete industry given their ability to reduce ECO2, without compromising strength, permeation and durability properties of concrete.
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Adu-Gyamfi, Kwame. "Civil Engineering." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1141840448.
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Beck, Lisa Elanna. "Diffusivity and resistance to deterioration from freezing and thawing of binary and ternary concrete mixture blends." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8784.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Civil Engineering
Kyle Riding
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is one of the most common and serious causes of reinforced concrete deterioration. While corrosion is normally inhibited by a passive layer that develops around the reinforcing steel due to the high pH environment of the surrounding concrete, chlorides will break down this protective layer, leading to reinforcement corrosion. Decreasing the diffusivity of the concrete would slow the ingress of chlorides into concrete, and is one of the most economical ways to increase the concrete service life. Optimized concrete mixtures blending portland cement and supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) have become popular throughout the construction industry as a method of improving both fresh and long-term concrete properties such as workability, strength and porosity. It has been shown that use of Class F fly ash, silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in binary concrete mixture blends can result in a significant reduction in concrete diffusivity. This study investigates the ability of Class C fly ash and ternary concrete mixture blends to also aid in diffusivity reduction. In order to study the effect of incorporation of SCMs into concrete, mixtures containing Class C and Class F fly ash, silica fume and GGBFS were tested following the ASTM C 1556 procedures to measure the concrete’s apparent chloride diffusivity. Structure life cycles were modeled using the measured apparent chloride diffusivities with two finite-difference based life-cycle analysis software packages. To determine whether a correlation between diffusivity and deterioration due to freezing and thawing exists, samples were also tested for their ability to resist deterioration from freezing and thawing cycles using a modified ASTM C 666 Procedure B test. Results show that the use of Class C fly ash yields some service life improvements as compared to the portland cement control mixtures, while ternary mixture blends performed significantly better than the control mixture and equal to or better than the binary SCM mixtures tested. Freeze-thaw tests showed all mixtures to be equally resistant to deterioration due to freezing and thawing.
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Hofgård, Daniel, and John Sundkvist. "Climate enhanced concrete in the civil engineering industry." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278216.
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In 2017, the Swedish Parliament stated a new climate law with the goal that Sweden should be climate neutral by 2045. The concrete industry has developed a roadmap on how the goal for 2045 can be achieved, where one way to reduce the carbon emissions from concrete is by replacing a part of the cement clinker with alternative binders in the concrete mix. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, silica fume and trass are alternative binders that are possible to use in concrete mixes to reduce the amount of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). GGBS, fly ash and silica fume are by-products from other industries, while trass is volcanic ash that can be extracted. Besides the positive environmental impact that comes from using alternative binders and reducing the amount of cement clinker, the alternative binders have other properties, both positive and negative, that affect the concrete. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether concrete with alternative binders does fulfill the regulations set by Swedish standards and how concrete with alternative binders does affect the material parameters. The concrete mixes were divided into three different types of concrete: concrete for bridges (w/c ratio 0.4), hydropower structures (w/c ratio 0.45) and wind powerplant foundations (w/c ratio 0.55). A total of seven concrete mixes were cast in a laboratory and the concrete mixes were investigated in the three hardening stages of concrete: fresh, young and hardened. The analyzed material parameters were compressive strength, shrinkage, frost resistance, workability, air voids and temperature development. Beyond the experimental testing, a global warming potential (GWP) comparison was made to compare the reduction of GWP for each concrete mix compared to a reference concrete for each usage area. The mix containing a CEM II/A-V fly ash cement and 15% GGBS showed great potential regarding the different material parameters. This mix, however, is according to Swedish standards not possible to certify for structures in exposure class XF4, such as bridges, but is possible to certify for structures in exposure class XF3, such as wind powerplant foundations. The mix containing 30% GGBS and 5% silica fume also showed beneficiary properties, but superplasticizers are required in this mix to ensure good workability. For hydropower structures, the mix containing 35% GGBS showed a great compressive strength but a high temperature development and low workability. The mix containing trass had a notably low temperature development, but with an increase in shrinkage and low workability. Moreover, all concrete mixes showed a frost resistance which, according to standard, is classified as “Very Good”.Sveriges regering antog 2017 ett nytt klimatpolitiskt ramverk med målet att Sverige ska ha noll nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser år 2045. Betongindustrin har tagit fram en färdplan för hur betong kan bli klimatneutralt, där ett sätt att reducera klimatpåverkan från betong är att byta ut en del av cementklinkern mot alternativa bindemedel. Mald granulerad masugnsslagg (GGBS), flygaska, silikastoft och trass är alternativa bindemedel som är möjliga att använda i betongblandningar för att reducera mängden Portlandcement. GGBS, flygaska och silikastoft är restprodukter från andra industrier medan trass är en vulkanisk aska som kan utvinnas. Utöver den positiva miljöeffekten som erhålls när alternativa bindemedel ersätter cementklinker, så har de alternativa bindemedlen andra egenskaper, både positiva och negativa, som påverkar betongen. Målet med denna studie var att undersöka och jämföra om betongblandningar där en del av cementklinkern har ersatts med alternativa bindemedel når upp till de krav som ställs i nuvarande regelverk. Utöver det så undersöktes även hur betongblandningarnas materialparametrar påverkades av alternativa bindemedel. Betongblandningarna delades in i tre olika typer av betong: betong för broar (vct 0.4), vattenbyggnader (vct 0.45) och vindkraftverksfundament (vct 0.55), där totalt sju betongblandningar tillverkades i ett laboratorium. Betongblandningarna undersöktes i de tre olika faserna för hårdnande av betong, vilka är färsk, ung och hårdnad betong. De materialparametrar som analyserades var tryckhållfasthet, krympning, frostresistens, arbetbarhet, luftporhalt och temperaturutveckling. Förutom de experimentella testerna gjordes en jämförelse kring hur mycket koldioxid som kan reduceras för varje betongblandning, jämfört med en referensbetong för varje användningsområde. Betongblandningen med ett CEM II/A-V flygaska-cement och 15% GGBS visade stor potential med avseende på de olika materialparametrarna. Denna blandning är dock enligt svensk standard inte möjlig att certifiera för betongbyggnad i exponeringsklass XF4, exempelvis broar, men kan certifieras för betongbyggnad i exponeringsklass XF3, exempelvis fundament för vindkraftverk. Blandningen med 30% GGBS och 5% silikastoft visade även positiva egenskaper, men flyttillsatsmedel måste användas i denna blandning för att erhålla en god arbetbarhet. För vattenbyggnadsbetong så visade blandningen med 35% GGBS en hög tryckhållfasthet, men samtidigt en hög temperaturutveckling och en låg arbetbarhet. Blandningen med trass hade en noterbart låg temperaturutveckling, men med ökad krympning samt låg arbetbarhet. Avslutningsvis så uppvisade alla blandningar en frostresistens som enligt standard klassificeras som ”Mycket bra”.
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Rasool, Sava Tnar, and Omar Sharif. "Expansion of Sickla treatment plant : A study about the replacement of standard concrete to green concrete." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278542.
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Stockholm Vatten has decided to close down the Bromma waste water treatment plantand manage the waste water from Bromma together with the waste water from the formerEolshällsverket to Henriksdal’s waste water treatment plant. Henriksdals wastewater treatment plant will be expanded for higher purification requirements and loads,estimated to be finished until 2040. This entails extensive renovations and additionsto the existing treatment plant in and on Henriksdalsberget, as well as a major expansionof the Sickla plant.The purpose of the study is to investigate an environmentally friendly alternative tothe standard concrete that will be used for the expansion of the Sickla plant. The largestenvironmental villain in concrete is the cement. The aim of this study has beento replace the cement with environmentally friendly additives in the largest possibleamount, thus reducing the negative impact of the cement on the environment.In the present study, a review was made of obtained data with exposure classes, then aliterature study was performed to gain knowledge in the area. With help from experts,two fictitious recipes for each exposure class have been calculated for the standardconcrete and the green concrete. In this way, a careful comparison between the concretetypes was made of the cement’s impact on global warming. Thereafter, a study wascarried out on existing EPDs, which were incorporated into the One Click LCA (2015)software. An LCA in the mentioned software was carried out, which enabled data to becompiled and a comparison of the climate impact between the four different fictitiousrecipes has been done.Compiled and compared data from LCA and analysis of EPDs show that 70% of thestructure with exposure class XD2 gets a 47% reduction in global warming when usinggreen concrete instead of standard concrete. Furthermore, the results show that theremaining 30% of the structure with exposure class XF3/XC4 gets a 20% reductionwhen using green concrete instead of standard concrete. The total reduction in globalwarming when using green concrete instead of standard concrete for the expansion ofSickla treatment plant was calculated to be 40%.Stockholm Vatten har beslutat att lägga ned Bromma reningsverk och leda avloppsvattnetfrån Bromma tillsammans med avloppsvattnet från det forna Eolshällsverkettill Henriksdals reningsverk. Henriksdals reningsverk ska byggas ut för högre reningskravoch belastningar beräknade till år 2040. Detta medför omfattande om- och tillbyggnationeri det befintliga reningsverket i och på Henriksdalsberget samt en storutbyggnad av Sicklaanläggningen.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka ett miljövänligare alternativ till standardbetongensom ska användas vid utbyggnaden av Sicklaanläggningen. Då den främsta”miljöboven” i betongen är cementet har målet med denna studie varit att ersätta cementetmed miljövänliga tillsatsmaterial i största möjliga mängd, i syfte att minskacementets negativa inverkan på miljön.I föreliggande arbete har en genomgång utförts på erhållna data med exponeringsklasser,därefter påbörjades en litteraturstudie i syfte att inhämta kunskaper inomområdet. Med hjälp av experter har två fiktiva recept för respektive exponeringsklassräknats fram för standardbetongen och den gröna betongen. Med denna metod genomfördesen noggrann jämförelse mellan de olika recepten avseende cementets inverkanpå den globala uppvärmningen. Därefter undersöktes existerande EPD:er, vilka infogadesin i programvaran One Click LCA (2015). En LCA i den nämnda programvaranutfördes, vilket möjliggjorde att data kunde sammanställas och en jämförelse av klimatpåverkanmellan de fyra olika fiktiva recepten kunde genomföras.Sammanställd och jämförd data från LCA och analys av EPD:er visar att 70% av konstruktionenmed exponeringsklass XD2 får en reducering på 47% på den globala uppvärmningenvid användning av grön betong istället för standardbetong. Vidare visarresultatet att resterande 30% av konstruktionen med exponeringsklass XF3/XC4 fåren reduktion på 20% vid användning av grön betong istället för standardbetong. Dentotala reduktionen på den globala uppvärmningen vid användning av grön betongistället för standardbetong för utbyggnaden av Sickla reningsverk beräknades till 40%.
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Hermann, Radek. "Vývoj chemicky odolné stříkané směsi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392360.
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Production wastes for which a direct use in another production is found become secondary raw materials. There are several institutions in Czech Republic and in the world, which are currently dealing with the issue. This thesis deals with the issue of cementitious spray concrete mixtures and deals with the possibilities of using secondary raw materials and waste from production as partial replacement of binder and filler in these mixtures. The aim of this theses is to optimize the composition of additives in the recipe of the commercially produced pray mixture and to verify the influence of the degree of substitution of binder or filler by secondary raw materials on its physical-mechanical properties. The aim is to maintain or increase these properties while substituting the binder and filler as much as possible. After the evaluation of results, it is possible to say, by suitable optimization of the additives it is possible to achieve a significant improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of the mass and furthermore, from the results of this thesis follows, that by substitution of 100% fine filler in combination with substitution of 30% binder it is possible to maintain or increase the physical-mechanical properties after 28 days of curing and to significantly increase these properties after 90 days of curing. The results of this thesis are also related to the reduction of economic impact on production of the spray mixture, mainly due to the use of secondary raw materials.
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Dolák, Martin. "Vývoj nových injektážních hmot pro rubovou injektáž kanalizací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433585.
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ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the development of silicate based reverse grouts for the purpose of rehabilitation of sewers. The work also examines the possibility of substitution of basic input raw materials with secondary raw materials, meaning replacements of both filler components and binder components. As secondary raw materials, we refer to wastes from the production process which, after the necessary treatment, are used in another production. The development and experimental verification of the functionality of the developed grout was focused mainly on the use of secondary raw materials as much as possible, while maintaining or even improving its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the results of the work, it can be stated that with a 100% replacement rate of filler components in combination with 20% replacement rate of binder components, it is possible to largely maintain the properties of the material, or even optimize them. The results of the thesis also point to the possibility of reducing the economic and environmental demands of production of building materials.
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Камінський, Андрій Тарасович. "Ремонтні суміші з підвищеними експлуатаційними властивостями на основі лужного портландцементу." Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56764.
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Орловський, В. М. "Розробка тампонажних матеріалів, що розширюються при твердінні, для цементування свердловин на площах Дніпровсько-Донецької западини." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2008. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4258.
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Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню якості розмежування гірських порід і нафтогазоносних горизонтів на площах ДДз за рахунок розробки та впровадження нових термостійких тампонажних матеріалів, що
розширюються при твердінні. На підставі теоретичного аналізу результатів пошукових
експериментальних досліджень розроблено базові рецептури як основу тампонажних матеріалів, що розширюються при твердінні. Обґрунтовано оптимальні співвідношення низькоактивних в’яжучих композицій, досліджено фазовий склад продуктів твердіння і кінетику розширення, вивчено технологічні властивості. Розроблено технологію приготування тампонажних сумішей та удосконалено технологію цементування свердловин. Промислові впровадження зольних і цементно-доломітових сумішей підтвердили їх ефективність при кріпленні свердловин на площах ДДз.Диссертация посвящена повышению качества разобщения горных пород и нефтегазоносных горизонтов на площадях Днепровско-Донецкой впадины (ДДв) за счет разработки и внедрения термостойких расширяющихся тампонажних материалов нормальной и облегченной плотности. На основе анализа горно-геологических условий и опыта крепления скважин на площадях ДДв сформированы направления совершенствования качества цементирования обсадных колон: повышение термостойкости тампонажных материалов для обеспечения температурной стабильности и долговечности цементного камня; разработка и применение расширяющихся тампонажных материалов для преодоления эффекта усадочной деформации и каналообразования в цементном камне; усовершенствование технологии цементирования путем улучшения качества замещения бурового раствора тампонажным для повышения качества цементировочных работ. В качестве объекта для исследований выбраны термостойкие расширяющиеся тампонажные смеси на основе зольных и цементнодоломитовых композиций. Обоснованы оптимальные соотношения ингредиентов термостойких расширяющихся зольных и цементно-доломитовых смесей. Проведены экспериментальные исследования фазового состава продуктов твердения новых тампонажных материалов, изучен механизм их расширения. Установлено, что при длительных сроках автоклавирования, под действием гидротермальной обработки с высокими температурами и давлениями, в образцах камня зольных смесей среди новообразований присутствуют: гиролит, афвилит, ксонотлит, тоберморит и гидрогранат состава С3АSН4. Среди новообразований в цементно-доломитовых смесях присутствуют низкоосновной гидросиликат кальция CSH(B), тоберморит, трехкальциевый гидроалюминат С3АН6, четырехкальциевый гидроалюминат С4АН13, гидромоносульфоалюминат. Из проведенных исследований видно, что на поздних стадиях твердения у новых тампонажных материалов преобладают низкоосновные гидросиликаты кальция и гидрогранаты - новообразования, которые характеризуются термодинамической стабильностью. Проведены исследования технологических свойств тампонажных растворов и цементного камня на основе разработаных зольных и цементнодоломитовых тампонажных материалов. Установлено, что растворы на основе новых тампонажных материалов имеют широкий диапазон плотностей от облегченного до нормального, их водоотделение практически не отличается от стандартных портландцементов, час загустевания легко регулируется с помощью замедлителей твердения. Процесс расширение таких материалов происходит на ранних стадиях твердения до образования в структуре прочных кристаллизационных контактов, поэтому он не влияет на механические свойства камня в сторону их ухудшения. Камень на основе новых та мпонажных материалов обладает высокими технологическими свойствами. Сила его сцепления с металлом у 2 - 7 раз больше, чем у стандартных цементов. Разработано технологию приготовления новых тампонажных смесей и усовершенствовано технологию цементирования скважин. Высокая эффективность применения такой технологии достигается за счет повышенных абразивных качеств комбинированной буферной жидкости параллельно с ее низкими реологическими параметрами, которые обеспечивают турбулентный режим восходящего потока в заколонном пространстве и соответственно, высокую степень замещения бурового Разработаны нормативные документы - руководящие нормативные документы отрасли, регламентирующие компонентный состав и технологию применения зольных и цементно-доломитовых расширяющихся смесей. Промышленные испытания и внедрение зольных и цементнодоломитовых расширяющихся материалов на скважинах ДП "Черниговнефтегазгеология", ДП "Полтавнефтегазгеология", и ДП "Укрбургаз" подтвердили их высокую экономическую и технологическую эффективность.
The dissertation is devoted to increase of quality of dissociation of mountain rocks and oil and gas content of horizons on the areas of the Dnieper-Donetsk Depression at the expense of development and introduction of new heat-resistant expanding cement of materials. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of results of search experimental researches the basis expanding cement of materials is developed base compositions as. The optimum proportions low active of cement compositions are justified, the phase composition of yields harden and kinetics of expansion is studied, is investigated technological properties. Is developed technology of preparation cement of mixes and is improved technology-of cementation of wells. Industrial implementation of ash-fly and cement-dolomite mixtures have affirmed their efficiency at cementation wells on the areas of the Dnieper-Donetsk Depression.
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Sharma, Anil Kumar. "Class-F Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) Mixtures for Enhanced Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Applications." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3009.
Full textAbstract:
Fly ash and blast furnace slag are the two major industrial solid by-products generated in most countries including India. Although their utilization rate has increased in the recent years, still huge quantities of these material remain unused and are stored or disposed of consuming large land area involving huge costs apart from causing environmental problems. Environmentally safe disposal of Fly ash is much more troublesome because of its ever increasing quantity and its nature compared to blast furnace slag. Bulk utilization of these materials which is essentially possible in civil engineering in general and more particular in geotechnical engineering can provide a relief to environmental problems apart from having economic benefit. One of the important aspects of these waste materials is that they improve physical and mechanical properties with time and can be enhanced to a significant level by activating with chemical additives like lime and cement. Class-C Fly ashes which have sufficient lime are well utilized but class-F Fly ashes account for a considerable portion that is disposed of due to their low chemical reactivity. Blast furnace slag in granulated form is used as a replacement for sand to conserve the fast declining natural source. The granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) is further ground to enhance its pozzolanic nature. If GBS is activated by chemical means rather than grinding, it can provide a good economical option and enhance its utilization potential as well. GGBS is latent hydraulic cement and is mostly utilized in cement and concrete industries. Most uses of these materials are due to their pozzolanic reactivity. Though Fly ash and GGBS are pozzolanic materials, there is a considerable difference in their chemical composition. For optimal pozzolanic reactivity, sufficient lime and silica should be available in desired proportions. Generally, Fly ash has higher silica (SiO2) content whereas GGBS is rich in lime (CaO) content. Combining these two industrial wastes in the right proportion may be more beneficial compared to using them individually.
The main objective of the thesis has been to evaluate the suitability of the class-F Fly ash/GGBS mixtures with as high Fly ash contents for Geotechnical and Geo-environmental applications. For this purpose, sufficient amount of class-F Fly ash and GGBS were collected and their mixtures were tested in the laboratory for analyzing their mechanical behavior. The experimental program included the evaluation of mechanical properties such as compaction, strength, compressibility of the Fly ash/GGBS mixtures at different proportions with GGBS content varying from 10 to 40 percent. An external agent such as chemical additives like lime or cement is required to accelerate the hydration and pozzolanic reactions in both these materials. Hence, addition of varying percentages of lime is also considered. However, these studies are not extended to chemically activate GBS and only GGBS is used in the present study.
Unconfined compressive strength tests have been carried out on various Fly ash/ GGBS mixtures at different proportions at different curing periods. The test results demonstrated rise in strength with increase in GGBS content and with 30 and 40 percent of GGBS addition, the mixture showed higher strength than either of the components i.e. Fly ash or GGBS after sufficient curing periods. Addition of small amount of lime increased the strength tremendously which indicated the occurrence of stronger cementitious reactions in the Fly ash/GGBS mixtures than in samples containing only Fly ash. Improvement of the strength of the Fly ash/GGBS mixtures was explained through micro-structural and mineralogical studies. The microstructure and mineralogical studies of the original and the stabilized samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction techniques respectively. These studies together showed the formation of cementitious compounds such as C-S-H, responsible for imparting strength to the pozzolanic materials, is better in the mixture containing 30 and 40 percent of GGBS content than in individual components.
Resilient and permanent deformation behavior on an optimized mix sample of Fly ash and GGBS cured for 7 day curing period has been studied. The Resilient Modulus (Mr) is a measure of subgrade material stiffness and is actually an estimate of its modulus of elasticity (E). The permanent deformation behavior is also important in predicting the performance of the pavements particularly in thin pavements encountered mainly in rural and low volume roads. The higher resilient modulus values indicated its suitability for use as subgrade or sub-base materials in pavement construction. Permanent axial strain was found to increase with the number of load cycles and accumulation of plastic strain in the sample reduced with the increase in confining pressure.
Consolidation tests were carried on Fly ash/GGBS mixtures using conventional oedometer to assess their volume stability. However, such materials develop increased strength with time and conventional rate of 24 hour as duration of load increment which requires considerable time to complete the test is not suitable to assess their volume change behavior in initial stages. An attempt was thus made to reduce the duration of load increment so as to reflect the true compressibility characteristics of the material as close as possible. By comparing the compressibility behavior of Fly ash and GGBS between conventional 24 hour and 30 minutes duration of load increment, it was found that 30 minutes was sufficient to assess the compressibility characteristics due to the higher rate of consolidation. The results indicated the compressibility of the Fly ash/GGBS mixtures slightly decreases initially but increase with increase in GGBS content. Addition of lime did not have any significant effect on the compressibility characteristics since the pozzolanic reaction, which is a time dependent process and as such could not influence due to very low duration of loading. Results were also represented in terms of constrained modulus which is a most commonly used parameter for the determination of settlement under one dimensional compression tests. It was found that tangent constrained modulus showed higher values only at higher amounts of GGBS. It was also concluded that settlement analysis can also be done by taking into account the constrained modulus. The low values of compression and recompression indices suggested that settlements on the embankments and fills (and the structures built upon these) will be immediate and minimal when these mixtures are used.
In addition to geotechnical applications of Fly ash/GGBS mixture, their use for the removal of heavy metals for contaminated soils was also explored. Batch equilibrium tests at different pH and time intervals were conducted with Fly ash and Fly ash/GGBS mixture at a proportion of 70:30 by weight as adsorbents to adsorb lead ions. It was found that though uptake of lead by Fly ash itself was high, it increased further in the presence of GGBS. Also, the removal of lead ions increased with increase in pH of the solution but decreases at very high pH. The retention of lead ions by sorbents at higher pH was due to its precipitation as hydroxide. Results of the adsorption kinetics showed that the reaction involving removal of lead by both the adsorbents follow second-order kinetics.
One of the major problems which geotechnical engineers often face is construction of foundations on expansive soils. Though stabilization of expansive soils with lime or cement is well established, the use of by-product materials such as Fly ash and blast furnace slag to achieve economy and reduce the disposal problem needs to be explored. To stabilize the soil, binder comprising of Fly ash and GGBS in the ratio of 70:30 was used. Different percentages of binder with respect to the soil were incorporated to the expansive soil and changes in the physical and engineering properties of the soil were examined. Small addition of lime was also considered to enhance the pozzolanic reactions by increasing the pH. It was found that liquid limit, plasticity index, swell potential and swell pressure of the expansive soil decreased considerably while the strength increased with the addition of binder. The effect was more pronounced with the addition of lime. Swell potential and swell pressure reduced significantly in the presence of lime. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the expansive soils can be successfully stabilized with the Fly ash-GGBS based binder with small addition of lime. This is also more advantageous in terms of lime requirement which is typically high when Fly ash, class-F in particular, is used alone to stabilize expansive soils.
Based on the studies carried out in the present work, it is established that combination of Fly ash and GGBS can be advantageous as compared to using them separately for various geotechnical applications such as for construction of embankments/fills, stabilization of expansive soils etc. with very small amount of lime. Further, these mixtures have better potential for geo-environmental applications such as decontamination of soil. However, it is still a challenge to activate GBS without grinding.
Books on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Sopper, W. E. Stabilization of steep coal waste banks with a sludge-fly ash mixture. S.l: s.n, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Samantasinghar, Subhashree, and Suresh Prasad Singh. "Synthesis of Fly Ash-GGBS-Blended Geopolymer Composits." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 83–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_11.
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Sumanth Kumar, B., Arnab Sen, and D. Rama Seshu. "Shear Strength of Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete." In Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials, 105–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3361-7_8.
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Srividya, T., and P. R. Kannan Rajkumar. "Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete from Fly Ash and GGBS." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 601–8. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3371-4_51.
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Jangid, Satish Kr, Rohit Choudhary, and Manoj Balotiya. "Performance Analysis of GGBS and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete." In Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability, 597–604. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8497-6_54.
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Mallikarjuna Rao, G., and M. Venu. "Mix Design Methodology for Fly Ash and GGBS-Based Geopolymer Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 173–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4079-0_15.
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Roy, Debjit Mitra, Satadru Das Adhikary, and Piyali Sengupta. "Experimental Optimization of GGBS Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Paver Blocks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 153–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5543-2_13.
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Poornima, V., K. Vasanth Kumar, and P. P. Hridhi Nandu. "Comparative Study on Fly Ash Based AAM Concrete with GGBS, Rice Husk Ash and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 43–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96202-9_4.
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Mallikarjuna Rao, G., and C. H. Kireety. "Durability Studies on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS-Based Geopolymer Mortars." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 85–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3317-0_8.
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Panda, Rachita, and Tanmaya Kumar Sahoo. "Effect of Replacement of GGBS and Fly Ash with Cement in Concrete." In Recent Developments in Sustainable Infrastructure, 811–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4577-1_68.
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Ghosh, Biswaroop, and Ashoke Kumar Rath. "Use of Autoclaved Fly-Ash Aggregates in Concrete Mixture." In Recent Developments in Sustainable Infrastructure, 453–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4577-1_37.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Sharma, Anil Kumar, and P. V. Sivapullaiah. "Fly Ash and GGBS Mixtures for Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Applications." In Geo-Chicago 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480151.013.
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Loganayagan, S. "Study on Controlled Low Strength Materials using GGBS with Dredged Soil and M-Sand." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-39.
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Abstract. In general, CLSM mixtures contain common ingredients such as Portland cement, fly ash, good mixing and water. CLSM is forced to fill in the back material and not low-strength concrete, rather it can best be described as property which is designed as concrete and strength flow and strength as per requirement and used as a backfill to avoid soil issues. CLSM can be built with a variety of strengths and sizes, taking into account costs future requirements, low power CLSM will be required to allow future excavation, and if there is no space for future digging the energy can be high on the other hand, furthering the size of CLSM can be adjusted according to the cost and material requirements. However, some industrial products and recycled products are also accepted and promoted as long as they are available, costing a particular use and the necessary characteristics of a combination such as flow, power, extraction, and quantity are acceptable. The aim of this study was to test whether it was possible to apply red mud such as placing a portion of Portland cement in a low-power controlled (CLSM) component made of industrial-grade products. The control mixture was initially made from the Portland cement, fly ash, and water. Bleeding, flow, the initial time for the setting of new CLSM compounds is measured and subsequent complications include compression. Results-They performed well and complied with CLSM requirements at ACI 229 levels in terms of flow, bleeding rate, initial set-up time, uncompressed compression strength. Low power control devices (CLSM) remove the problems of ground receding to provide the strength of the supporting structure.
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Adamu, M. "Effect of steel fibres on the mechanical strengths of fly ash/GGBS based geopolymer concrete under ambient curing condition." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-41.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The production of concrete involves the use of huge quantity of cement which is the main binder material. However, cement production involves the use of high amount of embodied energy and reduce of embodied CO2 emission. Hence one of the alternatives is the use of concrete with zero cement called geopolymer. However, the main shortcoming of geopolymer is its higher brittleness and low modulus of elasticity compared to conventional cement concrete. This led to the addition of fibres to geopolymer. In this study, the effect of steel fibres addition on the mechanical strengths of ambient cured geopolymer concrete was investigated. 60% Fly ash class F and 40% GGBFS are used as binder materials to produce ambient geopolymer concrete of grade 30 MPa, which was activated by alkaline solution (mixture of sodium Hydroxide and sodium silicate) with a constant Molarity of Sodium Hydroxide as 10M without any cement. End hooked steel fibres of aspect ratio 35, were added to the geopolymer at 0%, 0.25% and 0.5% by volume fraction. The results findings showed that the workability of the geopolymer decreased with increase in addition of steel fibres. Ambient cured specimens yield good results and higher strength is observed due to high polymerization process. Furthermore, the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths all improved significantly with increase in percentage of volume of steel fibres at any ambient curing period.
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Ranjitham, M. "Performance Assessment of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Mineral Admixtures." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-49.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a newly constructed which need to be processed to be installed and assembled. It can discharge beneath its own weight, complete formwork, and achieve complete integration, at the same time in the existence of profusion reinforcement. SCC is a variety of high-strength concrete and expands to form devoid of the demand for mechanical vibrations. SCC is a non-removable concrete by its weight. The importance of concrete that you assemble is that it retains all the durability and characteristics of the concrete, meeting the expected operational requirements. Another way to diminish the expense of concrete for that is to use Mineral Admixtures (MA) such as Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) Silica Fume (SF), and Fly Ash (FA), during mixing. The quantity of Portland cement was decreased by using mineral admixtures, expense of compaction will be competitive especially reason for this while using the mineral mixtures are waste or industrial product. In addition, the application of MA in the production of composite concrete not only provides economic benefits but also reduces the temperature of the hydration. The amalgamation of mineral ingredients additionally excludes the need for viscosity-improving chemical admixtures. Low water/cement (W/C) ratio which indicates to superior durability and exceptional mechanical integrity of the building. This experimental research paper familiarizes and reviewing the strength properties such as compression test, flexural strength and the split strength of SCC with different mineral compounds and compare the properties with Control Mix (CM) and workability tests of various mineral compounds (slump, L-box, U-box, and T50) also studied. From the Experimental investigation concluded that the impact of mineral mixtures on performance like compressive strength values, split tensile strength values and flexural strength values were increases as per European Federation of manufacturers for special concrete.
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Karuppannan, Maniarasan S., Chandrasekaran Palanisamy, Mohammed Suhail Mohammed Farook, and Manoj Natarajan. "Study on fly ash and GGBS based oven cured geopolymer concrete." In 3RD NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CURRENT AND EMERGING PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES – CONCEPT 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0011023.
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"Suitability of Alkali Activated GGBS/Fly Ash Concrete for Chloride Environments." In SP-320:10th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51701073.
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Khattab, Rania, Osama Ahmed Mohamed, and Eman Ahmed Ahmed. "Setting Time and Carbonation Resistance of Alkali-Activated GGBS-Fly Ash Mortar." In 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset53988.2022.9735023.
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Mohamed, Osama Ahmed, Khaled Al-Aribe, and Eman Ahmed. "Mechanical Properties of Mortar with Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Binders." In 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset53988.2022.9734926.
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Prabhakara, Bhargav Kumar Karnam, and Umashankar Balunaini. "Fly Ash-Granulated Rubber Mixture as Lightweight Geomaterial." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482827.013.
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Mohamed, Abdelaziz, Orhan Canpolat, and Mukhallad M. Al-Mashhadani. "Mechanical performance of fly ash-GGBS elasto-plastic fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete containing recycled aggregates." In ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119454.
Full textReports on the topic "Fly ash/GGBS Mixture"
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Ley, M., Zane Lloyd, Shinhyu Kang, and Dan Cook. Concrete Pavement Mixtures with High Supplementary Cementitious Materials Content: Volume 3. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-032.
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Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion, made up of particles that are collected through various methods. This by-product has been used successfully as a partial Portland cement replacement in concrete, but the performance predictions of fly ash in concrete have been difficult to predict, especially at high fly ash replacement rates. This study focuses on comparing the performance of concrete with a variety of fly ash mixtures as well as the particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash. The slump, unit weight, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimetry tests were used to measure the performance of concrete at 0%, 20%, and 40% fly ash replacement levels. The particle distribution of fly ash was measured with an automated scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the major and minor oxides from the chemical makeup of fly ash were measured for each mixture and inputted into a table. The particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash were compared to the performance of slump, unit weight, compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, and surface electrical resistivity.
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Hartell, Julie, Matthew O’Reilly, and Hang Zeng. Measuring Transport Properties of Portland Cement Concrete Using Electrical Resistivity. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-012.
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Although classification tables based on susceptibility to chloride ion permeability are recommended in AASHTO T 358, the classification levels with respect to durability parameters may or may not be adequate. Of interest for concrete pavement performance, this study verifies the recommended classification levels against standard durability testing such as corrosion, salt scaling, and freeze-thaw. The researchers conducted corrosion, salt scaling, and freeze-thaw durability tests in parallel with electrical surface resistivity testing to compare performance classifications for each method. Twenty-four mixture designs were evaluated. The designs vary in water-to-cementitious material ratio (0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 w/cm ratio), supplementary cementitious material type (100% ordinary Portland cement, 20% Class C fly ash, 40% Grade 100 slag cement, and 8% silica fume replacements), and air content (air entrained and non-air entrained). The results of the experimental study indicate that there is no clear relationship between concrete electrical conductivity and durability performance based on standard methods of testing. It may not be appropriate for the determination of durability performance of a concrete mixture for concrete pavement construction. However, the test method does present advantages, as mixtures of similar composition and design can yield the same results over time under standardized curing. Here, resistivity-time curves could be a useful tool as part of a quality control and quality assurance program to ensure consistency in concrete delivery during construction.
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.
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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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Thembeka Ncube, Ayanda, and Antonio Bobet. Use of Recycled Asphalt. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317316.
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The term Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to designate a material obtained from the removal of pavement materials. RAP is used across the US in multiple applications, largely on asphalt pavement layers. RAP can be described as a uniform granular non-plastic material, with a very low percentage of fines. It is formed by aggregate coated with a thin layer of asphalt. It is often used mixed with other granular materials. The addition of RAP to aggregates decreases the maximum dry unit weight of the mixture and decreases the optimum water content. It also increases the Resilient Modulus of the blend but decreases permeability. RAP can be used safely, as it does not pose any environmental concerns. The most important disadvantage of RAP is that it displays significant creep. It seems that this is caused by the presence of the asphaltic layer coating the aggregate. Creep increases with pressure and with temperature and decreases with the degree of compaction. Creep can be mitigated by either blending RAP with aggregate or by stabilization with chemical compounds. Fly ash and cement have shown to decrease, albeit not eliminate, the amount of creep. Mechanical stabilizing agents such as geotextiles may also be used.