Journal articles on the topic 'Fly Ash-Lime-Gypsum Bricks'

Fibre Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (FRAAC) is one of the eco – friendly and certified green building materials. AAC is porous, non-toxic, reusable, renewable and recyclable. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, also known as aircrete, is a lightweight, load-bearing, high insulating, durable building product, which is produced in a wide range of sizes and strengths. FRAAC offers incredible opportunities to increase building quality and at the same time reduce costs at the construction site. The Autoclaved Aerated Concrete material was invented by a Sweden Architect, Johan Axel Eriksson in 1924. It has become one of the most used building materials in Europe and is rapidly growing in many other countries around the world. FRAAC is produced out of a mix of quartz sand or pulverized fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum/anhydrite, water and aluminium and is hardened by steam-curing in autoclaves. Due its excellent properties, AAC is used in many building constructions, such as in residential homes, commercial and industrial buildings, schools, hospitals, hotels and many other applications. FRAAC replaces clay bricks which are environmentally unsustainable. Being aerated, it contains 50 - 60 % of air, leading to light weight and low thermal conductivity. The characteristic of AAC is helpful in green housings and saves fertile lands and a solution for fly ash disposal. 
 Keywords: AAC blocks, FRAAC blocks, fabrics of woven glass fibres

Cement is powder made from lime and other materials used to make concrete, glue bricks or make walls (KBBI, 2008). Cement is a material that is hydraulic in nature, that is, a material which will undergo a hardening process in its mixing with water or acid solution. The raw materials for making cement include: clinker / slag of cement as much as 70% - 95% (the results of the combustion of limestone, silica sand, iron sand and clay), 5% gypsum and other additional materials (limestone, pozzolan, fly ash and etc). Along with the increase in infrastructure development which is the focus of the Government at this time, the need for building materials, especially cement, has increased. This increase in demand has made cement companies increase production, which in turn will also reduce the limestone reserves that exist in nature. Geological resources consist of mineral resources, energy resources, water resources, and landscapes. Limestone as one of the dominant raw materials for making cement is a mineral and landscape resource that must be protected. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources since 2012 has issued regulations relating to the use and protection of Karst Landscape Areas (Permen ESDM No. 17 of2012). Protection of the Karst Landscape Area aims to protect its function as a natural regulator of the water system and its unique / scientific value in the development of science. Meanwhile, the delineation of utilization efforts as minerals and industrial raw materials is regulated so that it does not disturb the conservation zone. Expected with the regulations (Permen ESDM No. 17 of 2012) can be a solution for the use and protection of the Karst Landscape in Indonesia.

In order to resolve the problem of hoarfrost in red mud, prepare a geopolymer with sintered red mud and calcined bauxite tailings and fly ash and lime and gypsum. In the geopolymer, sintered red mud is 30%, gypsum 10%, calcined bauxite tailings and fly ash and lime 20% respectively. The compress strength of the geopolymer is 15.438MPa, as strength as a brick. It is a useful construction material for building road and filling stope and so on.

Used recycled brick powder as active mineral admixture is a development prospect research direction in the new foam concrete system. Performance effects of lime and plaster as exciting agent on different gelled material system brick powder foam concrete were studied. The experimental results show that: when gelled material system is cement: brick powder=70:30, using 25% lime or 20% gypsum can obtain higher strength and lower water absorption foam concrete; when gelled material systems are cement: brick powder: fly ash=70:15:15, 60:20:20 and 50:25:25, compressive strength and water absorption are better than using lime and gypsum separately.

The modified desulfurized ash is prepared through autoclave curing the desulfurized ash for 6 h at 175.4 oC in the presence of 2.0 wt% Fe2O3 and 0.75 wt% H2O2. In this process, 47.64 % of the calcium sulfite in the desulfurized ash is converted into calcium sulfate. The autoclaved brick is made by 36 wt% modified desulfurized ash, 24 wt% fly ash, 32 wt% sand and 8 wt% stones. The water-solid ratio is 0.10. The compressive strength of the brick is up to 15.7 MPa. For this method, the calcium oxide and calcium sulfate in the modification desulfurized ash are used to replace the lime, gypsum and other materials. The solid wastes are reused and natural resources are saved.

ABSTRAKSemen adalah serbuk atau tepung yang terbuat dari kapur dan material lainnya yang dipakai untuk membuat beton, merekatkan batu bata ataupun membuat tembok (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, 2008). Semen merupakan suatu bahan yang bersifat hidrolis, yaitu bahan yang akan mengalami proses pengerasan pada pencampurannya dengan air ataupun larutan asam. Bahan baku pembuatan semen antara lain : clinker/terak semen sebanyak 70% - 95% (hasil olahan pembakaran batu kapur, pasir silika, pasir besi dan tanah liat), gypsum 5% dan material tambahan lain (batu kapur, pozzolan, abu terbang dan lain- lain). Seiiring dengan peningkatan pembangunan insfrastruktur yang menjadi fokus Pemerintah saat ini, maka kebutuhan bahan baku bangunan khususnya semen mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan kebutuhan ini membuat perusahaan semen meningkatkan produksi yang pada akhirnya juga akan mengurangi cadangan batugamping yang ada di alam. Sumber daya geologi terdiri atas sumber daya mineral, sumber daya energi, sumber daya air, dan bentang alam. Batugamping sebagai salah satu bahan baku dominan pembuatan semen merupakan sumber daya mineral dan bentang alam yang harus dilindungi. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Alam sejak tahun 2012 telah menerbitkan aturan terkait pemanfaatan dan perlindungan Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst (Permen ESDM N0. 17 Tahun 2012). Perlindungan terhadap Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst bertujuan untuk melindungi fungsinya sebagai pengatur alami tata air dan keunikan/nilai ilmiah dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Sedangkan upaya pemanfaatan sebagai bahan galian maupun bahan baku industri diatur deliniasinya, sehingga tidak menganggu zona konservasi. Diharapkan dengan keluarnya Permen ESDM N0. 17 Tahun 2012 dapat menjadi solusi bagi pemanfaatan dan perlindungan Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Sumber daya geologi, Semen, Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst ABSTRACTCement is powder made from lime and other materials used to make concrete, glue bricks or make walls (KBBI, 2008). Cement is a material that is hydraulic in nature, that is, a material which will undergo a hardening process in its mixing with water or acid solution. The raw materials for making cement include: clinker I slag of cement as much as 70% - 95% (the results of the combustion of limestone, silica sand, iron sand and clay), 5% gypsum and other additional materials (limestone, pozzolan, fly ash and etc). Along with the increase in infrastructure development which is the focus of the Government at this time, the need for building materials, especially cement, has increased. This increase in demand has made cement companies increase production, which in turn will also reduce the limestone reserves that exist in nature. Geological resources consist of mineral resources, energy resources, water resources, and landscapes. Limestone as one of the dominant raw materials for making cement is a mineral and landscape resource that must be protected.The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources since 2012 has issued regulations relating to the use and protection of Karst Landscape Areas (Permen ESDM No. 17 of 2012). Protection of the Karst Landscape Area aims to protect its function as a natural regulator of the water system and its unique I scientific value in the development of science. Meanwhile, the delineation of utilization efforts as minerals and industrial raw materials is regulated so that it does not disturb the conservation zone. Expected with the regulations (Permen ESDM No. 17 of 2012) can be a solution for the use and protection of the Karst Landscape in Indonesia. Keywords: Geological resources, Cement, Karst Landscape Area

The dead load of any structure varies depending on the type of bricks and its weight. Due to the increased numbers of high rise buildings, lighter materials than normal clay bricks are preferred. Fly-ash bricks are more popular presently since it weighs 28% less than clay bricks as well as shows higher strength .The strength is higher by 25% than commonly available bricks. Besides strength other characteristics such as absorption capacity, modulus of rupture, initial rate of absorption, durability and bond strength. The values thus obtained from the test shows excellent results as compared to that of brick clay. The latest type of bricks has been given the name fly-ash bricks. The key objective of the paper is to study the strength of fly ash brick using different material proportion and also to improve the compressive stress and also to determine the durability along with stability of the bricks.

Compressed Stabilized Earth Brick (CSEB) is a one of the sustainable building material utilizing locally available soils mixed with stabilizers in order to increase its strength. This type of brick mainly consists of soil, sand and a stabilizing agents such as lime, fly ash, chemicals etc. Fly ash brick (FAB) is also a building material containing class C or class F fly ash ,fine aggregate, lime and gypsum .Both the bricks are unburnt bricks which is used to reduce the fuel consumption. In this study, the laterite soil is used and it is stabilized by chemical stabilization which is extensively employed to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of problematic soil. This study examines the effect of xanthan gum which is one of the biopolymer stabilizer in both the compressed laterite soil brick and fly ash brick . Experiments have been conducted by replacing 2%, 4% and 6% of xanthan gum in compressed laterite soil brick and replacing 2%, 4% and 6% of xanthan gum in fly ash brick partially with cement. The results indicate the potential use of xanthan gum. Tests were conducted on both the bricks and it is compared with normal clay fired brick. It has been shown that 4 % of xanthan gum in compressed laterite soil brick gives high strength of about 8.79 N/mm2 and 6 % of xanthan gum in fly ash brick give more strength of about 7.31N/mm2 .The minimum water absorption is achieved in both compressed laterite soil brick and fly ash brick of about 14.2 % and 10.10 % in the mix of C2 and F3. It promotes a healthier building material and cost reducing not only in production but also in service cost

Soil is an essential part of construction and forms a base for all the essential activities of construction. Soil is not same at all places and sometimes lacks in various properties. So, to improve its various qualities and to meet the engineering requirements like quality, durability, etc., we can achieve it by adding suitable admixtures such as, lime, cement, fly ash, plastic, gypsum etc. This not only improves the properties of soil but also reduces the quantities of waste in the environment. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of adding Lime, Brick dust and Plastic and low density polyethylene to Clayey Soil. The low density polyethylene is a vital environmental pollutant and its biodegradation is the focus of the present study. The clay soil used was taken near Baddi, Himachal Pradesh. The optimum contents of Lime, Brick dust and LDPE in the Clay soil was found by Standard Proctor Test and CBR test, and the results showed by adding 20% lime , 8% Brick dust and 1.5% LDPE in the Clay soil, we get the maximum Bearing Capacity of the mixture.