Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flying car

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flying car'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flying car"

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Rusting, Ricki. "Flying Car." Scientific American 301, no. 3 (2009): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0909-71a.

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Berner, Boguslawa. "The flying car." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 9 (2018): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.278.

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The article presents the history of the origins of the production of flying cars. The contemporary challenges faced by the constructors of flying aircraft have been described. The companies involved in the design of structures and the production of flying cars have been presented. Some of the ongoing works on design were presented and future strategies for their development were discussed.
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Day, Charles. "Where’s my flying car?" Physics Today 70, no. 6 (2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3568.

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Mihara, Yusuke, Tsubasa Nakamura, Aki Nakamoto, and Masaru Nakano. "Airframe Design Optimization and Simulation of a Flying Car for Medical Emergencies." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 2 (2022): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0183.

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In terms of future transportation, flying cars are envisioned not only as air taxis but also as air ambulances. Flying cars such as urban air mobility vehicles, passenger drones, and electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircrafts have the potential to relieve seriously congested ground traffic in cities via direct point-to-point air movements. To date, conventional research in which the airframe of a flying car is optimized for use in medical emergencies has not identified a sustainable solution. The purpose of this study is to verify the technical applicability of a flying car for use in medical emergencies. The weighted sum method is used to optimize the design of multi-rotor, vectored-thrust (tilt-rotor), and lift + cruise types of flying cars. A simulation scenario that considers cruising speed and flight height is conducted based on an analysis of stakeholder interviews with a pilot, an in-flight doctor, and an operating company. To optimize the parameters of a flying car airframe, four objective functions, namely the energy required for a round trip, noise value from rotors, downwash speed from rotors, and landing area size, are chosen because the results of a requirement analysis revealed that they were significant for the sustainability of the flying car system. The results of the simulation reveal that the required battery energy densities for all three types exceed the current lithium-ion battery capacities. Therefore, an upgrade in battery capacity is critical for the realization of a flying car. Although the noise level is found to be less than that of a conventional helicopter, it is necessary to develop a rotor to decrease noise levels for environmental reasons. Finally, both the downwash speed and landing area of a flying car are estimated to be less than those of a conventional helicopter, making it possible for the flying car to land in tight spaces.
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Zhao, Jing Ying, Hai Guo, and Wei Wei. "Development of a Racing Game Based on iOS." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.673.

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Among all the operating systems of the smart phone, iOS and Android launched by Apple Inc. and Google Inc. respectively are the most favored ones of the public. By virtue of its beautiful operation interface and good performance, iPhone, developed based oniOS, has an extensive popularity around the world and has accumulated masses of users at home and abroad. This paper is about the development of Flying Car, a racing game developed based on iPhone system. Flying Car applies the built-in gravity sensor of iPhone to controlling the movements of the racing car so as to avoid and overtake enemy racing cars in the game play. This game is designed to attract players by the fast moving speed of the racing car. Based on the settings of traditional racing games, Flying Car was added with some new functions which present great interestingness and entertainment to players. In practice, this racing game adopted cocos2d game engine to process sprite images, and particle effect was also applied to further rendering the picture. Proved by testing, Flying Car is applicable to both a simulator and a real iPhone.
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Mofolasayo, Adekunle. "Potential Policy Issues with Flying Car Technology." Transportation Research Procedia 48 (2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.002.

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Li, Tinglang. "Research on the Troubleshooting of “Yanmar 6EY26L” Diesel Generator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (2021): 012155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012155.

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Abstract The Flying Accident of marine generator is not common. If the flying accident happens in the power grid, it will easily cause the whole ship power loss and engine damage, which will have a great influence on the safe navigation of ships. this paper analyzes and probes into the causes of the flying car accident occurred in 2019 in a round of “Yanmar 6EY26L” type diesel generator, and expounds the correct treatment measures for the flying car according to the treatment methods of the ships, finally, the daily management method of ship diesel generator, the precautions and preventive measures during diesel generator start-up are put forward in order to avoid similar accidents.
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Wang, Yue Fang, and Tie Xiong Su. "Autobody Modelling Analysis of the Flying Cars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1310.

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In this paper, the research situation of flying cars are introduced firstly. The autobody modelling influencas dynamic characteristics of the flying car. Some investigations are performed about the aerodynamic characteristics of the flying car.The key technologies that come from design demand and they are demonstrated secondly.Finally, the development of flying cars in the future are prospected and analysed.
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Al-Dababseh, M. F. A., E. V. Markova, and T. V. Denisova. "AIRCRAFT-CAR PROJECT BASED ON END-TO-END COURSE DESIGN USING THE DEVELOPED INVENTIONS." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 37, no. 3 (2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-37-3-26-35.

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In this article, the authors conduct verification analysis of projects of flying cars of various modifications such as SkyBlazer, SkyCar, etc., comparing flying cars of domestic invention such as LAV-1 and LAV-2; they give the main characteristics of these flying cars and based on patents for the invention of domestic scientists and engineers, give recommendations on the use of lightweight profile designs for the production of flying cars, give a general view of the equipment for the production of these profiles.
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Pan, Gaofeng, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. "Flying Car Transportation System: Advances, Techniques, and Challenges." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 24586–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056798.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flying car"

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Bezdidko, M. "Flying cars." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40488.

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Bezdidko, M. M. "Flying cars." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38887.

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Sovenko, I. "Flying cars." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45899.

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Technology touches almost every part of our life today. Every day people invent new devices and improve old machines, and nowadays technology is fast-paced. So, there is one question, that people ask themselves : how will technology shape our life in the nearest future?
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Jánošík, Tomáš. "Aerodynamická analýza prototypu létajícího automobilu Aircar 5.0." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400826.

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This thesis focuses on CFD analysis of the Aircar 5.0 flying car prototype. The theoretical part covers basic information about the connection between the aerodynamics of airplanes and cars as well as cars themselves. The computational part begins with the calibration of the mathematical model, continues with the CFD simulations, which have the role to determine basic aerodynamic characteristics of the Aircar in vehicle mode. There are several configurations tested to find out their influence on aerodynamic stability and their advantages and disadvantages are summed up in the conclusion chapter.
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Pendharkar, Niranjan Ramesh. "Optimization of CDMA for low flying aircraft channels." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1430176.

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Steedman, David James. "Profile of an accident flying squad : analysis by injury severity scoring systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24337.

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Michelin, Sébastien Honoré Roland. "Falling, flapping, flying, swimming,... high-Re fluid-solid interactions with vortex shedding /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369655.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 17, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-210).
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Zhang, Jiadong. "Design, simulation, and optimization of air bearing sliders flying at ultra-low spacing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3184208.

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McGuire, Jimmy A. "Phylogenetic systematics, scaling relationships, and the evolution of gliding performance in flying lizards (genus Draco) /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Klasson, Linnea, and Lovisa Knutsson. "Can risks be defined while flying blind? : Performing audit risk assessments under environmental uncertainty; a qualitative study using COVID-19 as an empirical example." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53095.

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Abstract  Background &amp; Problem: Risk assessment is a central part of the audit process. Previous audit failures have increased the importance further. Several suggested determinants of risk assessments have been explored within literature. However, literature has not up until now explored what reflection environmental uncertainty has on the risk assessment process. Due to the ongoing pandemic, COVID-19, the opportunity to explore the reflection of uncertainty has been made feasible.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how societal challenges reflect on auditors’ risk assessments of entities. The thesis is conducted using COVID-19 as an event signifying societal challenge.  Methodology: This thesis uses an exploratory and abductive research approach. With a qualitative strategy, empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with authorized auditors as participants.  Findings: Our findings conclude that the four aspects being firm, environment, individual, and audit client together form the risk assessment. In contrast to literature, the audit client aspect was argued as more important. Further, environmental uncertainty is reflected in risk assessments through these four aspects and can affect each aspect individually in various ways.  Future research: Since this study explores reflections of a crisis, while it is still present, we would find it interesting to examine its aftermath. In line with previous literature and our empirical findings, we foremost would suggest future researchers to explore the impact of a societal challenge on audit quality and whether differences are present concerning audit firm size.
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Books on the topic "Flying car"

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Mortis, Igor. Electric flying tram-car. Ethos Books, 2008.

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Emmer, E. R. Me, Minerva, and the flying car. Four Corners, 2000.

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Magic carpetry: Flying your car with your mind. Eureka! Books, 1991.

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Ortenburger, Dennis. Flying on four wheels: Frank Costin and his car designs. P. Stephens, 1986.

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Ortenburger, Dennis E. Flying on four wheels: Frank Costin and his car designs. Stephens, 1986.

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Your flying car awaits: Robot butlers, lunar vacations, and other dead-wrong predictions from the twentieth century. Harper Paperbacks, 2009.

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1929-, Locher Dick, ed. Flying can be fun. Pelican Pub. Co., 1985.

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Carl caught a flying fish. Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1996.

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Francis, Valery, ed. Flying cars: The extraordinary history of cars designed for tomorrow's world. Haynes Pub., 2011.

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David, Bergman, ed. Anyone can fly. 3rd ed. Doubleday, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flying car"

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Dockery, Doug, and Laureen Knudsen. "Where’s My Flying Car?" In Modern Business Management. Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3261-3_3.

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Draghici, Anca, Larisa Ivascu, Anca Mocan, and Diana Robescu. "The Flying Car—A Solution for Green Transportation." In Advances in Smart Vehicular Technology, Transportation, Communication and Applications. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1209-1_14.

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Wu, Yue, and Jian Fang. "The Attitude Control of Flying Car Test Simulation System Based on the Variable Theory Domain Fuzzy Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98776-7_160.

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Casson, John. "Flying towards Neverland." In Professional Care for the Elderly Mentally Ill. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3015-6_11.

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George, Helen. "Grey-headed Flying Foxes." In Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1990.016.

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Bjørkdahl, Kristian, and Adrian Santiago Franco Duharte. "Introduction: Ending the Romance of Academic Flying." In Academic Flying and the Means of Communication. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4911-0_1.

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AbstractIn this introduction, we note how academic work has come to be ever more closely entwined with air travel, and point out that we, in the face of climate crisis, are obliged to transition to other means of academic communication. Such a transition requires a reliable documentation of the consequences of academic flying; a deep understanding of the various reasons why academics fly; as well as sophisticated insight into what can replace flying and how. The introduction explores these themes first through David Lodge’s novels Changing Places and Small World, and then explains how the book’s chapters follow up the research agenda on academic aeromobility, as well as how this agenda can contribute to practical change.
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Leavitt, Monita. "Considering Flying First Class: Contemplating if Anyone Can Be ‘Gifted’." In Springer Texts in Education. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47638-4_3.

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Eriksson, Elina, Maria Wolrath Söderberg, and Nina Wormbs. "Exceptionalism and Evasion: How Scholars Reason About Air Travel." In Academic Flying and the Means of Communication. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4911-0_7.

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AbstractUnderstanding how scholars reason about their own flying habits is important when dealing with the problems of large emissions from academic air travel. This study is based on a travel habits survey with scholars at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. KTH has relatively high emissions from air travel, but at the same time, it has a high profile in matters of sustainability and a lot of research related to this theme. One can therefore assume a high degree of knowledge about the climate crisis and the climate impact of various actions. It is also plausible that KTH scholars meet special expectations to be role models and that practices in conflict with their teaching can have consequences for the public confidence in the university. In this study, we look at how scholars reason about how emissions from their flying could be reduced. Their responses display a spectrum of varying attitudes, from climate scepticism to a commitment to radical transformation, with the majority in between, either suggesting different types of concrete changes or invoking arguments to justify the status quo. The proposed interventions, several of which are ingenious and wise, can guide university managements to strategies that have support from employees. The more reluctant arguments point to cultural and discursive habits that must be understood and met in an empathetic way.
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Schaffar, Birgit, and Eevi E. Beck. "Means and Meanings of Research Collaboration in the Face of a Suffering Earth: A Landscape of Questions." In Academic Flying and the Means of Communication. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4911-0_12.

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AbstractThe Earth is speaking to us in its own language of suffering—rising average temperatures, increasingly extreme weather conditions, mass extinction of species and so on. Academic habits of travelling long distances and/or frequently, as many of us have, affect the Earth and its inhabitants. This chapter argues the need for changing habits not just by developing technical infrastructure but through developing awareness among academics of the issues involved including the dynamics that may be slowing down change. The chapter contributes by discussing the means and meanings of research collaboration in this context. We explore the role of collaboration across distance in scholarship (Erkenntnis), various ways (technical and otherwise) that materialities can affect remote collaboration and reflect on the ethics of commitments intrinsic to academic work. The challenge facing academics is to integrate these three aspects—sharing, the material/technical and the ethical—in developing ways of working which are responsive to the Earth crises. To support this, we indicate a set of questions which can be helpful to consider when, as scholars, we make decisions about why and how to collaborate.
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Poggioli, Nicholas A., and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Decarbonising Academia’s Flyout Culture." In Academic Flying and the Means of Communication. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4911-0_10.

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AbstractFlight is technologically and culturally central to academic life. Academia’s flyout culture is built on a set of shared beliefs and values about the importance of flying to being an academic. But flight also generates a large proportion of academia’s carbon emissions, posing a cultural challenge to flight’s ongoing importance. In this chapter, we assess the underlying values animating flyout culture and examine how those values might change as universities respond to pressures to decarbonise operations. We approach this analysis in four parts. First, we identify six values that support flyout culture—values of ideas, efficiency, quality, evaluation, recreation and status. Second, we discuss how each value will be affected by four modes of decarbonisation: carbon offsets; shifting travel modes; centralised, infrequent or slow conferencing; and virtual communication. Third, we consider new values that may emerge as universities decarbonise: values of localism, climate concern, emissions transparency and verification. Finally, we discuss inertia that will resist change and optimism about how academia can realign its operations and culture with a liveable climate. As decarbonisation pressures grow, the interplay of cultural dimensions will determine if such efforts succeed or fail.
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Conference papers on the topic "Flying car"

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Crow, Steven, and Steven Crow. "A practical flying car." In 1997 World Aviation Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-5582.

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Follmann, Zsolt, Adilson da Cunha, Zsolt Follmann, and Adilson da Cunha. "Triphibian flying car design." In 1997 World Aviation Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-5601.

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Crow, Steven C. "A Practical Flying Car." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/975582.

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Follmann, Zsolt Eugenio Geza, and Adilson Marques da Cunha. "Triphibian Flying Car Design." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/975601.

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Ott, Wolfgang. "HELIos, a VTOL Flying Car." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/985535.

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Ott, Wolfgang. "HELIos, a VTOL flying car." In AIAA and SAE, 1998 World Aviation Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-5535.

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Wartojo, Bintang Samodro, and Mohammad Adhitya. "Folded wing mechanism for flying car." In RECENT PROGRESS ON: MECHANICAL, INFRASTRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING: Proceedings of International Symposium on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ISAME): Quality in Research 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003757.

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Mulyono, Rif’at Dzaka Fajriansyah, and Mohammad Adhitya. "Center of gravity analysis of a flying car." In RECENT PROGRESS ON: MECHANICAL, INFRASTRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING: Proceedings of International Symposium on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ISAME): Quality in Research 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003753.

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Fukushima, Taiki, Nana Narukawa, Koichi Ogawa, and Kazuhiro Honda. "Sandwiched-Monopole MIMO Array for Full-Solid Angle Flying Car-to-Car Communications." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cama47423.2019.8959577.

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Ai, Tianfu, Bin Xu, Changle Xiang, Wei Fan, and Yibo Zhang. "Modeling and Multimode Analysis of Electrically Driven Flying Car." In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213861.

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Reports on the topic "Flying car"

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Zhang, Yangjun. Unsettled Topics Concerning Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021011.

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Flying cars—as a new type of vehicle for urban air mobility (UAM)—have become an important development trend for the transborder integration of automotive and aeronautical technologies and industries. This article introduces the 100-year history of flying cars, examines the current research status for UAM air buses and air taxis, and discusses the future development trend of intelligent transportation and air-to-land amphibious vehicles. Unsettled Topics Concerning Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility identifies the major bottlenecks and impediments confronting the development of flying cars, such as high power density electric propulsion, high lift-to-drag ratio and lightweight body structures, and low-altitude intelligent flight. Furthermore, it proposes three phased goals and visions for the development of flying cars in China, suggesting the development of a flying vehicle technology innovation system that integrates automotive and aeronautic industries.
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Rebecca Murray Schneider, Rebecca Murray Schneider. Can we save birds from flying into windows? Experiment, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1461.

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Dietrich, Anna Mracek. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape. SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022004.

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The extent of automation and autonomy used in general aviation (GA) has been accelerating dramatically. This has huge potential benefits for safety given that 75% of accidents in personal and on-demand GA are due to pilot error. However, an approach to certifying autonomous systems that relies on reversionary modes limits their potential to improve safety. Placing a human pilot in a situation where they are suddenly tasked with flying an airplane in a failed situation, often without sufficient situational awareness, is overly demanding. This, coupled with advancing technology that may not align with a deterministic certification paradigm, creates an opportunity for new approaches to certifying autonomous and highly automated aircraft systems. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape discusses how these new approaches must account for the multifaceted aviation approach to risk management which has interlocking requirements for airworthiness and operations (including training and airspace integration). If implemented properly, autonomy can take GA safety to the next level while simultaneously increasing the number and variety of aircraft and transportation options they provide.
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Kuznetsov, Victor, Vladislav Litvinenko, Egor Bykov, and Vadim Lukin. A program for determining the area of the object entering the IR sensor grid, as well as determining the dynamic characteristics. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/bykov.0415.15042021.

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Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.
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Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.
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6

Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.

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This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.
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Manual for the classification of intervention best-practices with rural NEETs. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.mn1.2020.12.

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targeting rural NEETs. In my opinion, this is the most outstanding contribution of this manual, and also an original one, considering that to date no other efforts have been made with the intention of developing a grid of how to describe interventions dealing with rural NEETs. This manual offers, therefore, valuable contributions for upcoming research efforts within and beyond RNYN, including: (a) a complete methodological framework for future case stu-dies; (b) practical tools to conduct field research than can be combined with many different methodological approaches (qualitative, mixed-methods, etc.); and, (c) strategic criteria for conducting research in complex settings such as community-based programs. In addition, this manual sets the necessary conditions to present evidence-based conclusions about programs targeting rural NEETs, further aiding policy-makers to opt for solutions that clearly produce better results. This manual would not have been possible without the efforts and best knowledge from its editorial team. Therefore, as the Chair of RNYN, but also in a more personal note, I would like to thank Claudia Petrescu, Emre Erdogan and Paul Flynn for the impeccable and rigorous way in which they conducted all the process. I would also like to thank the Working Group 2 mem-bers traversing many countries who contributed to this document.
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