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Journal articles on the topic 'Flying Doctor Service of Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Renouf, Tia. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service." CJEM 1, no. 02 (July 1999): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500003924.

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The Royal Flying Doctor Service, or RFDS, is close to every rural Australian’s heart. Five aircraft in Alice Springs cover central Australia, an area of desert the size of Spain. People in need call the flying doctor, hundreds of miles away, by telephone or radio. These aircraft, really airborne ICUs, can be wherever help is needed in 45 minutes.

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2

GALBRAITH, DOUGLAS. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 13, no. 4 (August 27, 2010): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1966.tb00184.x.

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3

O[apos ]Connor, Jane. "The royal flying doctor service of Australia." Air Medical Journal 20, no. 2 (April 2001): 0010–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mmj.2001.114424.

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4

O'Connor, Jane. "The royal flying doctor service of Australia." Air Medical Journal 20, no. 2 (March 2001): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1067-991x(01)70089-2.

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5

Langford, Stephen A. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 1 (July 1994): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127334.x.

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6

Shampo, Marc A., and Robert A. Kyle. "The Flying Doctor Service of Australia Founded by John Flynn." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 80, no. 1 (January 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/80.1.14.

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7

Shampo, Marc A., and Robert A. Kyle. "The Flying Doctor Service of Australia Founded by John Flynn." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 80, no. 1 (January 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(11)62949-2.

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8

Wilkins, Julia. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service Flies to New Heights: The Journey of Health Information Management." Health Information Management Journal 38, no. 3 (October 2009): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830903800308.

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The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) of Australia was founded in 1928 by the Reverend John Flynn to deliver health services to the people of the Australian Outback. In this unique environment the RFDS Queensland Section provides both Primary Health Care and Aeromedical services to rural and remote communities throughout Queensland. It provides health services from a hub and spoke model and its clinicians work very closely with other health service providers, such as Queensland Heath, within the communities it visits. Currently, the RFDS' health records are both paper and electronic and clinicians duplicate much of patient information and data between RFDS and non-RFDS health records. Introduction of an off-the-shelf electronic medical record (EMR) would not meet the RFDS' clinical and organisational needs because of complexity, the multidisciplinary nature of the teams and the lack of communication technology in the communities the RFDS visits. This article defines the vision for a health information system designed to meet the requirements of the RFDS, and describes its implementation throughout RFDS Queensland using the PRINCE2 project management methodology.

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9

McEwin, Roderick. "B-26 The royal flying doctor service of Australia — The services and the recipients." AeroMedical Journal 3, no. 5 (September 1988): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-8321(88)80147-5.

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10

Smythe, Allen D. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia: its foundation and early development." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 3 (February 1995): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138498.x.

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Morton, Max R. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia: its foundation and early development." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 3 (February 1995): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138499.x.

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12

Thomas, David P. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia: its foundation and early development." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 10 (November 1994): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127656.x.

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13

Langford, Stephen A. "The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia: its foundation and early development." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 10 (November 1994): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127657.x.

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14

Gardiner, Fergus W., Hannah Johns, Lara Bishop, and Leonid Churilov. "Royal Flying Doctor Service Coronavirus Disease 2019 Activity and Surge Modeling in Australia." Air Medical Journal 39, no. 5 (September 2020): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2020.05.011.

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15

van Gool, K., M. R. Haas, and R. Viney. "From Flying Doctor to Virtual Doctor: An Economic Perspective on Australia's Telemedicine Experience." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 8, no. 5 (October 2002): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x0200800501.

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Current funding mechanisms can impede the efficient use and integration of telemedicine services. Telemedicine has developed in Australia against a background of complex funding arrangements and interwoven health-care responsibilities. These impediments are not unique to telemedicine but are accentuated by its ability to cover different locations, clinical areas and purposes. There is also a link between economic evaluation and funding mechanisms for telemedicine. While economic evaluations provide important information for the efficient allocation of resources, the funding environment in which telemedicine is established is also crucial in ensuring that services are efficient. Given these complexities, should telemedicine be funded? We conclude that this will depend on: the objectives and priorities of the health system; the efficiency of telemedicine relative to that of other forms of health-care delivery; and the funding environment. In terms of resource allocation processes, the optimum scenario is likely to be where the decision to invest in telemedicine services is made taking local needs into account, but where considerations such as market structure and network compatibility are examined on a broader scale and balanced against the principles of efficiency and equity.

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16

Le Cong, M. "Flying doctor emergency airway registry: a 3-year, prospective, observational study of endotracheal intubation by the Queensland Section of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia." Emergency Medicine Journal 29, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.100651.

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17

Fatovich, Daniel M., Michael Phillips, Ian G. Jacobs, and Stephen A. Langford. "Major Trauma Patients Transferred From Rural and Remote Western Australia by the Royal Flying Doctor Service." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 71, no. 6 (December 2011): 1816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318238bd4c.

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18

Margolis, Stephen Andrew, and Valmae A. Ypinazar. "Aeromedical Retrieval for Critical Clinical Conditions: 12 Years of Experience with the Royal Flying Doctor Service, Queensland, Australia." Journal of Emergency Medicine 36, no. 4 (May 2009): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.02.057.

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Gardiner, Fergus William, Lara Bishop, Angela Dos Santos, Pritish Sharma, Damien Easton, Frank Quinlan, Leonid Churilov, et al. "Aeromedical Retrieval for Stroke in Australia." Cerebrovascular Diseases 49, no. 3 (2020): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508578.

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Introduction: Rural, remote, and Indigenous stroke patients have worse stroke outcomes than urban Australians. This may be due to lack of timely access to expert facilities. Objectives: We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients who underwent aeromedical retrieval for stroke, estimate transfer times, and investigate if flight paths corresponded with the locations of stroke units (SUs) throughout Australia. Methods: Prospective review of routinely collected Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) data. Patients who underwent an RFDS aeromedical retrieval for stroke, July 2014–June 2018 (ICD-10 codes: I60–I69), were included. To define the locations of SUs throughout Australia, we accessed data from the 2017 National Stroke Audit. The main outcome measures included determining the characteristics of patients with an in-flight diagnosis of stroke, their subsequent pickup and transfer locations, and corresponding SU and imaging capacity. Results: The RFDS conducted 1,773 stroke aeromedical retrievals, consisting of 1,028 (58%) male and 1,481 (83.5%) non-Indigenous and 292 (16.5%) Indigenous patients. Indigenous patients were a decade younger, 56.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 45.0–64.0), than non-Indigenous patients, 66.0 (IQR 54.0–76.0). The most common diagnosis was “stroke not specified,” reflecting retrieval locations without imaging capability. The estimated median time for aeromedical retrieval was 238 min (95% confidence interval: 231–244). Patients were more likely to be transferred to an area with SU and imaging capability (both p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke patients living in rural areas were younger than those living in major cities (75 years, Stroke Audit Data), with aeromedically retrieved Indigenous patients being a decade younger than non-Indigenous patients. The current transfer times are largely outside the time windows for reperfusion methods. Future research should aim to facilitate more timely diagnosis and treatment of stroke.

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Margolis, S. A., V. A. Ypinazar, and R. Muller. "The impact of supply reduction through alcohol management plans on serious injury in remote indigenous communities in remote Australia: A ten-year analysis using data from the royal flying doctor service." Alcohol and Alcoholism 43, no. 1 (October 8, 2007): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm152.

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21

Ng, Teng Fong, Michael F. Leahy, Bradley Augustson, Sally Burrow, Philip Vlaskovsky, Ben Carnley, and Matthew P. F. Wright. "Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Western Australia, a Large State of 2.5 Million Square Kilometers: A Population Based Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112148.

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Abstract Background There has been concern that patients with malignant disease from remote and regional country areas may have adverse outcomes compared with those from cities. Western Australia (WA) with an area of 2,526,786 square kilometers, is one third the size of Australia. It has a population of 2.6 million of which 92% live in the capital city Perth and the southwest corner. In WA, multiple myeloma is managed in tertiary public hospitals and private physician practice located in Perth. While oral based immunomodulators and alkylators are readily delivered in the regional areas, patients travel to Perth for parenteral chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. The WA state government subsidizes transport and accommodation for patients from regional areas to travel to Perth for treatment and clinical review via the Patient Assisted Travel Scheme (PATS). Telehealth through video conferencing is also used for review of patients on oral-based anti-myeloma treatment or during surveillance periods to avoid expensive and time-consuming travel to Perth. The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS), a non-profit medical organization, provides prompt transfer of unwell patients from regional and remote areas of WA to Perth. Pathology services in remote regions are provided by the publicly funded PathWest organization. Method We retrospectively reviewed the survival outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma in the WA public healthcare system. Patients diagnosed between 2008 to 2017 were included (n=569). Staging information was extracted from the laboratory information system and the cytogenetic database in PathWest. Patient demographics, complications requiring admission, mortality and follow-up data were extracted from the public hospital patient management systems. Patients were segregated into regional or metropolitan by their residential address postcodes. Patients diagnosed and/or followed-up in the private sector were excluded. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Result Median age at diagnosis was 67 years old (range 29 to 98), with 56% above 65 years. 56% were males, 44% were females. Overall median survival was 46 months (95%CI:41,52). 1-year, 3-years and 5-years survival rates were 80%, 56% and 30% respectively. 25% (n=143) of patients resided in regional areas. No statistically significant difference in overall survival time between patients from metropolitan and regional areas was identified (p=0.2): 47 months (95% CI:43,54) and 42 months (95% CI: 33,54) respectively. Subgroup analysis also did not find any significant difference in overall survival of each R-ISS staging between metropolitan and regional areas. Discussion This retrospective study provides real-life survival data of of an Australian-based population in a state with a large land mass and low population density outside the capital city. The overall survival of patients living in regional areas was not significantly different from those living in the capital city. This gives credence to the benefit of the WA government supported regional network of travel, accommodation and Telehealth conferencing overcoming the distance barrier in the provision of comprehensive medical care in the management of a hematological malignancy. Figure. Figure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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22

Zinn, C. "Flying doctor service faces reforms." BMJ 311, no. 7010 (October 7, 1995): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7010.894a.

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23

&NA;. "Nursing in full flight – Royal Flying Doctor Service." PACEsetterS 2, no. 1 (January 2005): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jbi.0000394916.39542.9b.

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24

Cooter, Robert B. "B-18 The royal flying doctor service — 60 years of service." AeroMedical Journal 3, no. 5 (September 1988): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-8321(88)80139-6.

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25

Carter, Julia. "Julia Carter, Health Information Manager, Queensland Royal Flying Doctor Service." Health Information Management Journal 35, no. 3 (November 2006): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830603500314.

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26

Langford, Stephen A. "The first medical jet aircraft for the Royal Flying Doctor Service." Medical Journal of Australia 191, no. 11-12 (December 2009): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03346.x.

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27

Kellett, Richard, John Bishop, and Emmett Van Reed. "The effects of source polarization in CSAMT data over two massive sulfide deposits in Australia." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 12 (December 1993): 1764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443390.

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Since the advent of the controlled‐source audio‐magnetotelluric method it has been recognized that the location and orientation of the bipole source is important in determining the response of the earth at the receiver. In this study, two‐dimensional (2-D) far‐field modeling has been used to illustrate the frequency-domain electromagnetic response of a simple conductive dike for two orthogonal polarizations of the source field. The current gathered from the surrounding media by the dike, when the electric field is parallel to the strike direction (E‐polarization), produces a strong anomaly not seen in the perpendicular H‐polarization. This model response has been identified in real data sets over the Rosebery and Flying Doctor orebodies of eastern Australia. In the case of Rosebery the E‐polarization data yielded little structural information because the penetration of the signal was reduced by strong current channeling in the orebody and adjacent black shales. At the Flying Doctor prospect the model predictions held but changes in the extent of the near‐field zone, for the two bipole locations, dominate the data. The changes in the source field observed over the Flying Doctor prospect are interpreted as evidence for anisotropy in the regional resistivity structure. The controlled‐source is a fundamental component of the CSAMT system, and the choice of the bipole location and orientation must be made considering the geology of the target region and the surrounding regional resistivity structure.

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28

Towell, Elaine. "PLG calls for improved doctor–patient communication." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363505x38933.

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You have just taken off in a plane and a voice comes over the tannoy: 'Good morning ladies and gentlemen, this is your flight captain speaking. I want to welcome you aboard this Any Airways economy flight and tell you about the new delegated teamwork flying policy that we at Any Airways have adopted. This flight is a pilot-led service; we delegate key jobs throughout the flight. 'The controls will shortly be handed over to Miss Jones who will take us over the Channel today; she has some experience in air traffic control and has been specifically trained to take aircraft over the Channel. She will then hand over to the co-pilot's assistant for landing. He is a partially trained co-pilot but has received specific training to land the plane. 'Unfortunately the flying time directive has meant that there won't be a pilot actually on your flight today but if you look out of the starboard window you will see another Any Airways plane. This is a scheduled flight and this is where I am based today but don't worry – I'm not far away should anything go wrong. Enjoy your flight.'

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29

Cattach, Malcolm, and David Boggs. "A Sub-Audio Magnetics case study: Flying Doctor Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, Broken Hill, Australia." Exploration Geophysics 36, no. 2 (June 2005): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg05119.

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30

Hill, Kristy, and Neil Harris. "Royal Flying Doctor Service ‘field days’: A move towards more comprehensive primary health care." Australian Journal of Rural Health 16, no. 5 (October 2008): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2008.00989.x.

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31

Alizadeh, Somayeh, Meena Chavan, and Hamin Hamin. "Quality of care and patient satisfaction amongst Caucasian and non-Caucasian patients." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 3 (March 7, 2016): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-05-2014-0062.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the key aspects of service quality within the outpatient context. The secondary aim is to compare views on quality of health service by Caucasian and non-Caucasian patients in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was adopted for this study. Qualitative data were collected from 40 patients to develop a scale for measuring health service quality. Quantitative data were collected using self-administered questionnaires available in English, Arabic, Persian, Chinese and Vietnamese. A total of 447 patients in six outpatient clinics completed the survey and data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Findings – The qualitative findings determined eight dimensions of quality for outpatient care as follows: doctor professionalism; doctor empathy; doctor expertise; treatment outcome; staff concern; timeliness; tangibles; and operation. The quantitative findings indicated that factors related to technical aspect of care, including doctor expertise and treatment outcome were assumed the strongest predictors of overall health care quality in both Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. Furthermore, no significant discrepancy was found between these two groups’ ratings of overall service quality and satisfaction with care. Originality/value – The study captured ethnically diverse patients’ perspectives on health service quality and highlighted the significance of technical quality, which is generally neglected in service quality measures.

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Trott, Paul, and Ilse Blignault. "Cost evaluation of a telepsychiatry service in northern Queensland." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 4, no. 1_suppl (March 1998): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633981931515.

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We conducted a simple comparison of the costs associated with delivering a mental health service by telepsychiatry and by conventional methods. The telepsychiatry rural outreach service was delivered to a mining town 900km from the regional hospital in Townsville. When the telemedicine service was well established, 40 cases a month were seen for general adult psychiatry, four for child and adolescent mental health, four for psychology and two for forensic services. Costs and quality-of-life issues were considered. The savings to the health authority were estimated to be $85,380 in the first year and $112,790 in subsequent years, not allowing for maintenance and equipment upgrading. We also estimated a 40%reduction in patient transfers due to the introduction of telemedicine. Based on the previous year's figures of 27 transfers at $8920 each, this would produce an annual saving of $96,336 for the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The results of the study showed considerable savings from reduced travel by patients and health-care workers.

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Garrett, Cameryn C., Maggie Kirkman, Marcus Y. Chen, Rosey Cummings, Candice Fuller, Jane Hocking, Jane E. Tomnay, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Clients' views on a piloted telemedicine sexual health service for rural youth." Sexual Health 9, no. 2 (2012): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh11022.

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Background Given the high rate of sexually transmissible infections among young people and limited rural access to specialist healthcare, an Australian telemedicine service was piloted. Clients’ views were investigated. Methods: All clients aged 15–24 were given a questionnaire. A sub-sample was interviewed. Results: The service was used by 25 rural youths aged 15–24; 18 returned the questionnaire, 4 were interviewed. All had a telephone consultation. They reported being satisfied with the service; most preferred the telemedicine service to consulting a doctor in person. Conclusions: Online video consultations for sexual health may not yet be accep to young people in Australia.

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Carman, Marina, Jeffrey Grierson, Marian Pitts, Michael Hurley, and Jennifer Power. "Trends in the location of the HIV-positive population in Australia: Implications for access to healthcare services and delivery." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09063.

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Background: Examining existing and potential trends in the HIV-positive population in Australia is important for current and future healthcare service development and delivery. Methods: A new analysis of existing data on this population from the HIV Futures 5 survey was based on linking a geographic breakdown of respondents based on ‘area type’ – capital city or inner suburban, outer suburban, regional centre and rural – with patterns of healthcare service access. In addition, the distance between the postcode of the respondent’s residence and the postcode of the doctor seen for HIV-related treatment was calculated. An analysis of ‘area type’ by income and age was also conducted. Results: The ‘area type’ analysis showed important differences in patterns of access to antiretroviral prescriptions and choice of provider for HIV-related and general healthcare. The median distance travelled to see a doctor for HIV-related treatment was higher for those living in outer suburbs than those living in regional centres. Discussion: Differences in service use appear to be related to geographic accessibility of different service types. However, there may be other important social, economic and cultural factors involved. Ageing and socio-economic pressures may be influencing a move away from inner suburban areas where most HIV-specific care is located. This new analysis assists in finding the right balance between increasing the accessibility of HIV-specific services and ‘mainstreaming’. Longitudinal data collection would further assist in tracking trends in geographic location, and how often and at what intervals people living with HIV utilise healthcare services.

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35

Fathianpour, Nader, Graham Heinson, and Antony White. "The Total Field Magnetometric Resistivity(TFMMR) Method Part II: 2D resistivity inversion of data from the Flying Doctor Deposit, Broken Hill, Australia." Exploration Geophysics 36, no. 2 (June 2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg05189.

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36

Schofield, Margot J., Victor Minichiello, Gita D. Mishra, David Plummer, and Jan Savage. "Sexually Transmitted Infections and Use of Sexual Health Services among Young Australian Women: Women's Health Australia Study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 5 (May 2000): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646240001100507.

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Our objective was to examine associations between self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sociodemographic, lifestyle, health status, health service use and quality of life factors among young Australian women; and their use of family planning and sexual health clinics and associations with health, demographic and psychosocial factors. The study sample comprised 14,762 women aged 18–23 years who participated in the mailed baseline survey for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, conducted in 1996. The main outcome measures are self report of ever being diagnosed by a doctor with an STI, including chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts or other STIs, and use of family planning and sexual health clinics. The self-reported incidence of STI was 1.7% for chlamydia, 1.1% genital herpes, 3.1% genital warts, and 2.1% other STIs. There was a large number of demographic, health behaviour, psychosocial and health service use factors significantly and independently associated with reports of having had each STI. Factors independently associated with use of family planning clinic included unemployment, current smoking, having had a Pap smear less than 2 years ago, not having ancillary health insurance, having consulted a hospital doctor and having higher stress and life events score. Factors independently associated with use of a sexual health clinic included younger age, lower occupation status, being a current or ex-smoker, being a binge drinker, having had a Pap smear, having consulted a hospital doctor, having poorer mental health and having higher life events score. This study reports interesting correlates of having an STI among young Australian women aged 18–23. The longitudinal nature of this study provides the opportunity to explore the long-term health and gynaecological outcomes of having STIs during young adulthood.

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37

Garne, David L., David A. Perkins, Frances T. Boreland, and David M. Lyle. "Frequent users of the Royal Flying Doctor Service primary clinic and aeromedical services in remote New South Wales: a quality study." Medical Journal of Australia 191, no. 11-12 (December 2009): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03344.x.

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38

Ting, Joseph. "Hospital in the air: Royal Flying Doctor Service retrievals and challenges before, during and after, Australia's COVID ‐19 lockdown in 2020." Internal Medicine Journal 50, no. 12 (December 2020): 1449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.15109.

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39

Minnis, P., and G. Stait. "Armed Forces personnel flying with respiratory disease: am I fit to fly?" Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 105, no. 3 (2019): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-176.

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AbstractRespiratory problems account for 10% of inflight medical emergencies; this is usually due to the acute physiological stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia on board aircraft. During a typical commercial flight, the cabin pressure is the equivalent of breathing 15% oxygen at sea level, as opposed to 21% (~ 15.2 kPa versus 21.2 kPa FiO2). The response to this hypobaric hypoxia is mediated by the autonomic nervous system; it is characterised by an increased rate and depth of breathing, mild tachycardia, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Patients who are able to walk 50 metres without developing shortness of breath are generally “fit to fly” from a respiratory perspective, and those with resolved pneumonia may fly if they are clinically stable. Military patients with asthma and COPD are generally safe to fly, as they must have stable airways disease to remain medically fit for service. A recent or unresolved pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication to air travel. Other absolute contraindications for air travel include tuberculosis, major haemoptysis and an oxygen requirement of ≥4 l/min. If there is any doubt regarding a patient’s fitness to fly, an opinion from a respiratory physician should be sought. All patients flying with a respiratory condition must carry their medications onboard, have up-to-date vaccinations and seek advice from their doctor should they have any concerns over their fitness to fly. This review article will explore the effect of air travel on the respiratory diseases most likely to be seen in the UK military population: airways disease (COPD and asthma), respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and spontaneous pulmonary embolism.

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40

Hoon, E., D. A. González-Chica, A. Vakulin, D. McEvoy, N. Zwar, R. Grunstein, C. Chai-Coetzer, et al. "Population-based analysis of sociodemographic predictors, health-related quality of life and health service use associated with obstructive sleep apnoea and insomnia in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 4 (2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20216.

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Although there is growing recognition of the effects of living with sleep disorders and the important role of primary care in their identification and management, studies indicate that the detection of sleep apnoea (OSA) and insomnia may still be low. This large representative community-based study (n=2977 adults) used logistic regression models to examine predictors of self-reported OSA and current insomnia and linear regression models to examine the association of these sleep conditions with both mental and physical components of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health service use. Overall, 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.7) and 6.8% (95% CI 5.7–7.9) of subjects self-reported OSA (using a single-item question) and current insomnia (using two single-item questions) respectively. Many sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors for OSA and insomnia acted in different directions or showed different magnitudes of association. Both disorders had a similar adverse relationship with physical HRQoL, whereas mental HRQoL was more impaired among those with insomnia. Frequent consultations with a doctor were associated with a lower physical HRQoL across these sleep conditions; however, lower mental HRQoL among those frequently visiting a doctor was observed only among individuals with insomnia. The adverse relationship between sleep disorders and physical and mental HRQoL was substantial and should not be underestimated.

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Kolodnyi, Anatolii M. "Ivan Muzychka in his service to the Church and Ukraine." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 68 (November 19, 2013): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.68.349.

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Doctor of theology, father-professor Ivan Muzychka. As for him, and many scholars, writers, artists, and clerics who liked him in exile, many of them, talented and faithful to Ukraine, have not long been "only" aware that they are in the overwhelming majority of them, like "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists ", is supposedly the worst enemies of his people. However, the first meetings and conversations with them completely disperse these versions of the communist era. There is an aversion to what was written and those who wrote the desire to return our people to the spiritual treasures of these, I will say figuratively, of the cranes, the key of which has long been not returned to selflessly and passionately loved by them Ukraine. I, the author of the article, has already returned to Ukraine Orthodox Canadian Father of the Faith Stepan Yarmush, Greek Catholic theologian from the USA Volodymyr Oleksyuk, Greek Catholic historian of the Church of Australia, Ivan Shevtsev. The latter has even devoted even six hundred tens of monographs "Ivan Shevtsev - a biography of a Ukrainian-Christian." On the turn, the editors of selected works of the already fundamentalist historian Ivan Ortinsky from Germany.

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Tamale-Sali, E. G., M. F. Mustapha, J. Persons, and V. Bolton. "R-058. A flying doctor service for an IVF programme for an oil urban population in Kuwait. Is it a model for new IVF units?" Human Reproduction 14, Suppl_3 (June 1999): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.305.

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TEO, WENDY ZI WEI. "A Closer Look at the Junior Doctor Crisis in the United Kingdom’s National Health Services: Is Emigration Justifiable?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180117000871.

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Abstract:This article attempts to tackle the ethically and morally troubling issue of emigration of physicians from the United Kingdom, and whether it can be justified. Unlike most research that has already been undertaken in this field, which looks at migration from developing countries to developed countries, this article takes an in-depth look at the migration of physicians between developed countries, in particular from the United Kingdom (UK) to other developed countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (US). This examination was written in response to a current and critical crisis in the National Health Service (NHS), where impending contract changes may bring about a potential exodus of junior doctors.

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Rawson, Helen, and Pranee Liamputtong. "Influence of traditional Vietnamese culture on the utilisation of mainstream health services for sexual health issues by second-generation Vietnamese Australian young women." Sexual Health 6, no. 1 (2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08040.

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Background: The present paper discusses the impact the traditional Vietnamese culture has on the uptake of mainstream health services for sexual health matters by Vietnamese Australian young women. It is part of a wider qualitative study that explored the factors that shaped the sexual behaviour of Vietnamese Australian young women living in Australia. Methods: A Grounded Theory methodology was used, involving in-depth interviews with 15 Vietnamese Australian young women aged 18 to 25 years who reside in Victoria, Australia. Results: The findings demonstrated that the ethnicity of the general practitioner had a clear impact on the women utilising the health service. They perceived that a Vietnamese doctor would hold the traditional view of sex as held by their parents’ generation. They rationalised that due to cultural mores, optimum sexual health care could only be achieved with a non-Vietnamese health professional. Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that cultural influences can impact on the sexual health of young people from culturally diverse backgrounds and in Australia’s multicultural society, provision of sexual health services must acknowledge the specific needs of ethnically diverse young people.

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Pitts, Marian K., Suzanne J. Dyson, Doreen A. Rosenthal, and Suzanne M. Garland. "Knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV): attitudes towards HPV vaccination among a representative sample of women in Victoria, Australia." Sexual Health 4, no. 3 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07023.

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Background: A vaccine program is underway to protect women against human papillomavirus (HPV) and thus cervical cancer. Previous studies have reported very low levels of HPV knowledge and there has been concern that preventative vaccines might not be readily accepted, given that HPV is transmitted sexually and the optimal time for vaccination is before sexual debut. Methods: A computer-assisted telephone survey was carried out with a representative sample of 1100 women aged 18 to 61 years, randomly selected from households in Victoria, Australia, to investigate knowledge and attitudes about HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination. Results: Half of the participants (51%) had heard of HPV; most reported learning about it from the media. Most women indicated they would trust their general practitioner (96.3%), a gynaecologist or specialist doctor (99.6%), or a women’s health service (97.0%) for information about HPV. Few women (11.9%) had ever sought information about HPV and only 14.8% of the total sample had ever discussed HPV with a friend. Strong support was found for vaccination in general and there was also significant support for a HPV vaccine. Conclusion: The present study documents ways in which women learn about HPV and indicates the potential for success of a vaccination program.

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Walter, Silke, Henry Zhao, Damien Easton, Cees Bil, Jonas Sauer, Yang Liu, Martin Lesmeister, et al. "Air-Mobile Stroke Unit for access to stroke treatment in rural regions." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 6 (August 2018): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493018784450.

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Background In recent years, important progress has been made in effective stroke treatment, however, patients living in rural and remote areas have nil or very limited access to timely reperfusion therapies. Aims Novel systems of care to overcome the detrimental treatment gap for stroke patients living in rural and remote regions need to be developed. Summary of review A possible solution to the treatment disparity between stroke patients living in metropolitan and rural areas may involve the use of specially designed aircrafts equipped with the ability to diagnose and treat acute stroke at remote emergency sites. We describe technical solutions for an Air-Mobile Stroke Unit (Air-MSU) concept, where an aircraft is customized with the ability to perform multimodal computed tomography, in addition to onboard laboratory equipment and telemedicine connection. The Air-MSU is envisioned not only to allow intravenous thrombolysis in the field but also to allow prehospital triage to a comprehensive stroke center through use of contrast intracerebral vascular imaging. Several options for the Air-MSU approach are described, and issues regarding the potential medical benefit, optimal operating environment, technical realization, and integration in pre-existing solutions (e.g., flying doctor service) are addressed. Conclusion The Air-MSU may represent a novel tool to reduce treatment disparity for stroke patients in rural and remote areas. However, this approach requires further implementation research to determine the overall benefit to these communities.

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Beuran, M. "TRAUMA CARE: HIGHLY DEMANDING, TREMENDOUS BENEFITS." Journal of Surgical Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/jss.v2i3.117.

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From its beginning, mankind suffered injuries through falling, fire, drowning and human aggression [1]. Although the frequency and the kinetics modifiy over millennia, trauma continues to represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality even in the modern society [1]. Significant progresses in the trauma surgery were due to military conflicts, which next to social sufferance came with important steps in injuries’ management, further applied in civilian hospitals. The foundation of modern trauma systems was started by Dominique Jean Larrey (1766-1842) during the Napoleonic Rin military campaign from 1792. The wounded who remained on the battlefield till the end of the battle to receive medical care, usually more than 24 hours, from that moment were transported during the conflict with flying ambulances to mobile hospitals. Starting with the First World War, through the usage of antiseptics, blood transfusions, and fracture management, the mortality decreased from 39% in the Crimean War (1853–1856) to 10%. One of the most preeminent figures of the Second World War was Michael DeBakey, who created the Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH), concept very similar to the Larrey’s unit. In 1941, in England, Birmingham Accident Hospital was opened, specially designed for injured people, this being the first trauma center worldwide. During the Golf War (1990–1991) the MASH were used for the last time, being replaced by Forward Surgical Teams, very mobile units satisfying the necessities of the nowadays infantry [1]. Nowadays, trauma meets the pandemic criteria, everyday 16,000 people worldwide are dying, injuries representing one of the first five causes of mortality for all the age groups below 60 [2]. A recent 12-month analysis of trauma pattern in the Emergency Hospital of Bucharest revealed 141 patients, 72.3% males, with a mean age of 43.52 ± 19 years, and a mean New Injury Severity Score (NISS) of 27.58 ± 11.32 [3]. The etiology was traffic related in 101 (71.6%), falls in 28 (19.9%) and crushing in 7 (5%) cases. The overall mortality was as high as 30%, for patients with a mean NISS of 37.63 [3]. At the scene, early recognition of severe injuries and a high index of suspicion according to trauma kinetics may allow a correct triage of patients [4]. A functional trauma system should continuously evaluate the rate of over- and under-triage [5]. The over-triage represents the transfer to a very severe patient to a center without necessary resources, while under-triage means a low injured patient referred to a highly specialized center. If under-triage generates preventable deaths, the over-triage comes with a high financial and personal burden for the already overloaded tertiary centers [5]. To maximize the chance for survival, the major trauma patients should be transported as rapid as possible to a trauma center [6]. The initial resuscitation of trauma patients was divided into two time intervals: ten platinum minutes and golden hour [6]. During the ten platinum minutes the airways should be managed, the exsanguinating bleeding should be stopped, and the critical patients should be transported from the scene. During the golden hour all the life-threatening lesions should be addressed, but unfortunately many patients spend this time in the prehospital setting [6]. These time intervals came from Trunkey’s concept of trimodal distribution of mortality secondary to trauma, proposed in 1983 [7]. This trimodal distribution of mortality remains a milestone in the trauma education and research, and is still actual for development but inconsistent for efficient trauma systems [8]. The concept of patients’ management in the prehospital setting covered a continuous interval, with two extremities: stay and play/treat then transfer or scoop and run/ load and go. Stay and play, usually used in Europe, implies airways securing and endotracheal intubation, pleurostomy tube insertion, and intravenous lines with volemic replacement therapy. During scoop and run, used in the Unites States, the patient is immediately transported to a trauma center, addressing the immediate life-threating injuries during transportation. In the emergency department of the corresponding trauma center, the resuscitation of the injured patients should be done by a trauma team, after an orchestrated protocol based on Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). The modern trauma teams include five to ten specialists: general surgeons trained in trauma care, emergency medicine physicians, intensive care physicians, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, interventional radiologists, and nurses. In the specially designed trauma centers, the leader of the trauma team should be the general surgeon, while in the lower level centers this role may be taken over by the emergency physicians. The implementation of a trauma system is a very difficult task, and should be tailored to the needs of the local population. For example, in Europe the majority of injuries are by blunt trauma, while in the United States or South Africa they are secondary to penetrating injuries. In an effort to analyse at a national level the performance of trauma care, we have proposed a national registry of major trauma patients [9]. For this registry we have defined major trauma as a New Injury Severity Score higher than 15. The maintenance of such registry requires significant human and financial resources, while only a permanent audit may decrease the rate of preventable deaths in the Romanian trauma care (Figure 1) [10]. Figure 1 - The website of Romanian Major Trauma Registry (http://www.registrutraume.ro). USA - In the United States of America there are 203 level I centers, 265 level II centers, 205 level III or II centers and only 32 level I or II pediatric centers, according to the 2014 report of National Trauma Databank [11]. USA were the first which recognized trauma as a public health problem, and proceeded to a national strategy for injury prevention, emergency medical care and trauma research. In 1966, the US National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council noted that ‘’public apathy to the mounting toll from accidents must be transformed into an action program under strong leadership’’ [12]. Considerable national efforts were made in 1970s, when standards of trauma care were released and in 1990s when ‘’The model trauma care system plan’’[13] was generated. The American College of Surgeons introduced the concept of a national trauma registry in 1989. The National Trauma Databank became functional seven years later, in 2006 being registered over 1 million patients from 600 trauma centers [14]. Mortality from unintentional injury in the United States decreased from 55 to 37.7 per 100,000 population, in 1965 and 2004, respectively [15]. Due to this national efforts, 84.1% of all Americans have access within one hour from injury to a dedicated trauma care [16]. Canada - A survey from 2010 revealed that 32 trauma centers across Canada, 16 Level I and 16 Level II, provide definitive trauma care [18]. All these centers have provincial designation, and funding to serve as definitive or referral hospital. Only 18 (56%) centers were accredited by an external agency, such as the Trauma Association of Canada. The three busiest centers in Canada had between 798–1103 admissions with an Injury Severity Score over 12 in 2008 [18]. Australia - Australia is an island continent, the fifth largest country in the world, with over 23 million people distributed on this large area, a little less than the United States. With the majority of these citizens concentrated in large urban areas, access to the medical care for the minority of inhabitants distributed through the territory is quite difficult. The widespread citizens cannot be reached by helicopter, restricted to near-urban regions, but with the fixed wing aircraft of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, within two hours [13]. In urban centers, the trauma care is similar to the most developed countries, while for people sparse on large territories the trauma care is far from being managed in the ‘’golden hour’’, often extending to the ‘’Golden day’’ [19]. Germany - One of the most efficient European trauma system is in Germany. Created in 1975 on the basis of the Austrian trauma care, this system allowed an over 50% decreasing of mortality, despite the increased number of injuries. According to the 2014 annual report of the Trauma Register of German Trauma Society (DGU), there are 614 hospitals submitting data, with 34.878 patients registered in 2013 [20]. The total number of cases documented in the Trauma Register DGU is now 159.449, of which 93% were collected since 2002. In the 2014 report, from 26.444 patients with a mean age of 49.5% and a mean ISS of 16.9, the observed mortality was 10% [20]. The United Kingdom - In 1988, a report of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, analyzing major injuries concluded that one third of deaths were preventable [21]. In 2000, a joint report from the Royal College of Surgeons of England and of the British Orthopedic Association was very suggestive entitled "Better Care for the Severely Injured" [22]. Nowadays the Trauma Audit Research network (TARN) is an independent monitor of trauma care in England and Wales [23]. TARN collects data from hospitals for all major trauma patients, defined as those with a hospital stay longer than 72 hours, those who require intensive care, or in-hospital death. A recent analysis of TARN data, looking at the cost of major trauma patients revealed that the total cost of initial hospital inpatient care was £19.770 per patient, of which 62% was attributable to ventilation, intensive care and wards stays, 16% to surgery, and 12% to blood transfusions [24]. Global health care models Countries where is applied Functioning concept Total healthcare costs from GDP Bismarck model Germany Privatized insurance companies (approx. 180 nonprofit sickness funds). Half of the national trauma beds are publicly funded trauma centers; the remaining are non-profit and for-profit private centers. 11.1% Beveridge model United Kingdom Insurance companies are non-existent. All hospitals are nationalized. 9.3% National health insurance Canada, Australia, Taiwan Fusion of Bismarck and Beveridge models. Hospitals are privatized, but the insurance program is single and government-run. 11.2% for Canada The out-of-pocket model India, Pakistan, Cambodia The poorest countries, with undeveloped health care payment systems. Patients are paying for more than 75% of medical costs. 3.9% for India GDP – gross domestic product Table 1 - Global health care models with major consequences on trauma care [17]. Traumas continue to be a major healthcare problem, and no less important than cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and access to dedicated and timely intervention maximizes the patients’ chance for survival and minimizes the long-term morbidities. We should remember that one size does not fit in all trauma care. The Romanian National Trauma Program should tailor its resources to the matched demands of the specific Romanian urban and rural areas.

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Ingleton, Andrew, Kirsty Hope, Zeina Najjar, David J. Templeton, and Leena Gupta. "Characteristics of gonorrhoea cases notified in inner and south-western Sydney, Australia: results of population-based enhanced surveillance." Sexual Health 13, no. 5 (2016): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15183.

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Background Gonorrhoea disproportionately affects young people and men who have sex with men (MSM). In Australia, the highest notification rates in urban areas occur in MSM, although characteristics of those infected are poorly described. Enhanced surveillance can provide population-based data to inform service delivery and health promotion activities. Methods: An enhanced surveillance and data collection form was sent to the ordering doctor for residents of Sydney and South Western Sydney Local Health Districts with positive gonorrhoea results notified between 1 August 2013 and 28 February 2014. Results: Questionnaires were sent for 777 notifications and 698 (89.8%) were returned. Eighty-five per cent (n = 594) were male. The majority (55.1%) resided in inner city Sydney. Of these, 91.9% were male, and 70.8% of these identified as MSM. Among females, regular partners were the most likely source of infection (44.1%), while MSM and heterosexual men identified casual partners as the likely source of infection (75.4% and 61.1% respectively). General practitioners diagnosed 60.5% of cases. MSM were more commonly diagnosed by sexual health clinics. Females were most commonly tested for contact tracing (35.6%), heterosexual males because of symptoms (86.3%), and MSM as part of sexually transmissible infection screening (40.6%). Conclusions: Our population-based analysis identified differing risk factors and testing characteristics between MSM, heterosexual males and females. Increasing rates of gonorrhoea and concerns over antibiotic resistance highlight the importance of obtaining accurate sexual histories to ensure appropriate testing. Intermittent enhanced surveillance can monitor trends in specific populations and help determine the impact of health promotion strategies.

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Sullivan, Peter, and John Pearn. "Medical memorials in Antarctica: a gazetteer of medical place-names." Journal of Medical Biography 20, no. 4 (November 2012): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2012.012060.

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In Antarctica an astonishing more than 300 ‘medical’ place-names record the lives of surgeons and physicians who have served as leaders, clinicians and scientists in the field of polar medicine and other doctors memorialized for their service to medicine. These enduring medical memorials are to be found in the names of glaciers, mountains, capes and islands of the vast frozen Southern Continent. This Antarctic Medical Gazetteer features, inter alii, doctor-expedition leaders, including Jean-Baptiste Charcot (1867–1936) of France and Desmond Lugg (b. 1938) of Australia. The Medical Gazetteer lists 43 geographical features on Brabant Island that were named after famous doctors. This Gazetteer also includes a collection of medical place-names on the Loubet Coast honouring Dr John Cardell (1896–1966) and nine other pioneers who worked on the prevention of snow blindness and four islands of the Lyall Islands Group, including Surgeon Island, named after United States Antarctic Medical Officers. Eleven geographic features (mountains, islands, nunataks, lakes and more) are named after Australian doctors who have served with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions based at Davis Station. Biographic memorials in Antarctica comprise a collective witness of esteem, honouring in particular those doctors who have served in Antarctica where death and injury remains a constant threat.

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McCann, Michael J., and Colin J. Suckling. "Charles Walter Suckling. 24 July 1920—30 October 2013." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 66 (December 19, 2018): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0025.

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Charles Walter Suckling (1920–2013) is most remembered for being the discoverer of the inhalant anaesthetic halothane, which revolutionized anaesthesia and surgical practice. He was born in Teddington, Middlesex, but grew up largely in Wallasey, Merseyside, where his father was a cargo superintendent for imports from Australia produced by one of Charles’s maternal uncle's cooperatives. Charles was educated at Oldershaw Grammar School, Wallasey, and the University of Liverpool, where he obtained a first class honours degree in chemistry (1942). With this qualification he was directed to carry out national service in the chemical industry at ICI in Widnes and was subsequently able to obtain a scholarship to work towards a PhD at the University of Liverpool (1949), which he was awarded for the structural elucidation of the natural product santal, by classical organic chemical methods. The project leading to the discovery of halothane was begun in 1951 at ICI's Widnes Laboratory and was one of the first examples of rational drug design; halothane reached clinical practice in 1956. This and other industrial research innovations were recognized by his election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1978. Charles’s career at ICI took him into both scientific and commercial management roles, including chairman of Paints Division and general manager of Research and Technology, a company-wide brief at head office, Millbank. After retiring from ICI (1982) he undertook many public service and charitable tasks, including membership of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, for which he was awarded the CBE, and positions on the councils of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Royal College of Art and Design. Charles retired from professional life fully in 2001. In 1946 he married Eleanor Margaret Watterson; their family comprised twin sons, both of whom became professional scientists, and a daughter, who became a medical doctor. Charles died at Knebworth, Hertfordshire, in 2013.

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