Journal articles: 'Flying Dragon'

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Cheng, Frank Suozhan, and Mikeal L. Roose. "Origin and Inheritance of Dwarfing by the Citrus Rootstock Poncirus trifoliata `Flying Dragon'." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (March 1995): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.286.

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`Flying Dragon' Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. is a dwarfing rootstock for citrus. Inheritance of dwarfing ability was studied in a population of open-pollinated seedlings of `Flying Dragon'. Molecular marker genotypes suggest that all seedlings originated from selfing. Progeny seedlings were budded with `Cutter Valencia' orange and planted in the field to evaluate the dwarfing effect of the seedling rootstock. At 5 years after planting, rankit analysis of the frequency distributions of trunk cross-sectional area and canopy volume suggested the presence of two overlapping distributions of 34 dwarf trees and 7 nondwarf. This ratio is consistent with inheritance of rootstock dwarfing as a single dominant gene for which `Flying Dragon' is heterozygous. Two morphological characteristics of `Flying Dragon', curved thorns and twisted trunk growth, were closely linked to, or pleiotropic effects of, the dwarfing gene. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify three RAPD markers linked to the dwarfing gene. `Flying Dragon' was identical to nondwarfing cultivars of trifoliate orange at 40 homozygous and heterozygous isozyme and RFLP markers; therefore, it is likely that `Flying Dragon' originated as a mutant of a nondwarfing genotype and has not undergone sexual recombination since this event.

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Roose, Mikeal L., Frank Suozhan Cheng, and Claire T. Federici. "360 ORIGIN, INHERITANCE, AND EFFECTS OF A DWARFING GENE FROM THE CITRUS ROOTSTOCK PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA `FLYING DRAGQN'." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 482e—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.482e.

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The `Flying Dragon' cultivar of Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. is a strongly dwarfing rootstock for Citrus cultivars, reducing canopy volume of 9 year-old `Valencia' orange trees to 1/3 that of trees on standard rootstocks Open-pollinated seed of `Flying Dragon' was screened with isozyme markers to distinguish zygotic from nucellar (apomictic) seedlings. All zygotics had genotypes consistent with an origin by self-pollination. Zygotic seedlings were budded with `Valencia' orange scion and planted in the field. Of 46 progeny evaluated as rootstocks, 35 produced small trees similar to those on nucellar `Flying Dragon' and 11 produced large trees. This ratio is consistent with the 3:1 segregation expected for a single dominant gene. The dwarfing gene was closely linked, or pleiotropic with a gene causing curved thorns and stems. Several RAPD markers close to the dwarfing gene were identified with bulked segregant analysis. `Flying Dragon' apparently originated as a mutation because it had au identical genotype to non-dwarfing strains of trifoliate orange at all 38 isozyme and RFLP markers tested

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Pimentel, Uliana Vieira, Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins, José Carlos Barbosa, and Ludmilla de Lima Cavallari. "Nutrição do porta-enxerto 'Flying Dragon'." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, no. 2 (June 2014): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-193/13.

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No Brasil, o uso do trifoliata 'Flying Dragon', como porta-enxerto em citros, tem crescido quando se buscam pomares com altas densidades, devido, principalmente, a induzir nanismo à maioria das variedades de copa compatíveis. No entanto, por possuir desenvolvimento lento, existe a necessidade de se estudar melhor o crescimento desse porta-enxerto. A nutrição é uma importante ferramenta que visa a acelerar o crescimento e a melhorar o vigor e a qualidade das plantas. Diante disso, foi avaliada a aplicação de nutrientes no crescimento do porta-enxerto em três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, utilizaram-se seis doses de N parceladas; no segundo, seis doses de P (aplicadas em dose total, misturadas diretamente no substrato); e no terceiro, seis doses de K parceladas. As seis doses foram constituídas por: D0 = testemunha sem adubação; D1= metade da dose-padrão; D2 = a dose-padrão (920 mg dm-3 de N, 790 mg dm-3 de K e 100 mg dm-3 de P); D3 = uma vez e meia a dose-padrão; D4 = duas vezes a dose-padrão; e D5 = duas vezes e meia a dose-padrão. Assim, coletaram-se dados biométricos da planta de diâmetro e altura, quinzenalmente, e dados de massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz, mensalmente. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com parcela subdividida. O nitrogênio teve papel fundamental no incremento das massas secas de raiz e da parte aérea.

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Albano, Joseph, and Kim Bowman. "(330) Growth and Nutritional Response of Six Citrus Rootstocks to Increasing Levels of Copper." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1066A—1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1066a.

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Nutrient disorders related to excessive levels of copper in soils are common in Florida citrus groves that have been under production for many years, mainly due to the continual use of copper-containing pesticides. The objectives of the study were to investigate the growth and nutritional response of six citrus rootstocks (nonbudded) grown in 4-L containers in sand to increasing concentrations of copper. The rootstocks included: Swingle citrumelo (Citrusparadisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. and Pasq.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrusreticulata Blanco), Flying Dragon (P. trifoliata); and two new USDA series rootstocks, US-812 (Sunki mandarin × P. trifoliata released in 2001), and US-897 (a hybrid of Cleopatra × Flying Dragon not yet released). Copper was supplied at 0.05, 0.25, 1.00, and 2.00 mg·L-1 CuEDTA incorporated into a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. As a mean of all Cu treatments, whole plant Cu levels (μg·g-1) were: Flying Dragon, 17.33; US-897, 21.68; Cleopatra, 27.33; US-812, 28.84; Swingle, 29.74; and Volkamer, 34.05. As a mean of all Cu treatments, foliar Cu levels (μg·g-1) were greatest and least in US-812 (7.74) and Cleopatra (4.05), respectively; and root Cu levels (μg·g-1) were greatest and least in Volkamer (61.08) and Flying Dragon (30.08), respectively.

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Watson, Elizabeth See. "Spenser’s Flying Dragon and Pope Gregory XIII." Spenser Studies 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/spsv14p293.

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Portella, Camilla Rangel, Cláudia Sales Marinho, Bruno Dias Amaral, Waleska Soares Gomes Carvalho, Graziella Siqueira Campos, Mírian Peixoto Soares da Silva, and Monica Cardoso de Sousa. "Desempenho de cultivares de citros enxertadas sobre o trifoliateiro 'Flying Dragon' e limoeiro 'Cravo' em fase de formação do pomar." Bragantia 75, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.267.

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Resumo A redução de porte que o porta-enxerto Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa 'Flying dragon' confere às plantas sobre ele enxertadas pode facilitar os tratos culturais, permitir o adensamento de plantio e aumentar a eficiência produtiva, dependendo da cultivar e condições de cultivo. Para cultivares de laranjeiras, há pouca informação sobre o uso do 'Flying dragon' como porta-enxerto, principalmente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de laranjeiras doces e da limeira ácida 'Tahiti' enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto 'Flying dragon', durante a fase de formação do pomar, tendo o limoeiro 'Cravo' como padrão de comparação. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de cultivo irrigado, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Norte Fluminense. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, sendo avaliados os 2 porta-enxertos citados e 5 cultivares de copas. As cultivares de copas avaliadas foram a limeira ácida 'Tahiti' e as laranjeiras doces 'Natal', 'Bahia', 'Lima Sorocaba' e 'Pera'. Foram feitas avaliações biométricas para estimar o índice de vigor vegetativo (IVV), o volume de copa e as taxas de cobertura nas linhas e entrelinhas de cultivo, atingidas aos 36 meses após o plantio. Nas condições deste experimento, verificou-se que o porta-enxerto 'Flying dragon' reduziu a altura, o IVV, as taxas de cobertura na linha e na entrelinha e o volume de copa das plantas sobre ele enxertadas, quando comparado ao limoeiro 'Cravo', mas a intensidade de redução foi dependente da cultivar-copa.

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Wutscher, H. K., and K. D. Bowman. "Performance of `Valencia' Orange on 21 Rootstocks in Central Florida." HortScience 34, no. 4 (July 1999): 622–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.622.

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Twenty-one selections consisting of 13 numbered hybrids, one ornamental, and seven named cultivars were tested as rootstocks for `Valencia' orange, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. The test included six, four-tree replications in randomized complete blocks on sandy soil typical of the center of the Florida peninsula. Trees propagated on Vangasay lemon, HRS 812 (Sunki × Benecke trifoliate orange), and HRS 942 (Sunki × Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) produced more fruit than trees on the other 18 rootstocks in the test. Trees on 10 rootstocks, including the widely used commercial rootstocks, Swingle citrumelo and Carrizo citrange, were intermediate in cumulative fruit production. Trees on five rootstocks, including Sun Chu Sha, Gou Tou #1, and Tachibana, had low yields and trees on HRS 939 (Flying Dragon trifoliate orange × Nakorn pummelo) and sour orange #2 were extremely dwarfed and were minimally productive because of tristeza virus disease. Fouryear cumulative fruit production ranged from 52 to 317 kg per tree. Fruit from trees on HRS 954 and HRS 952 (Pearl tangelo × Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) had the highest, and fruit from trees on Vangasay and Gou Tou #1 had the lowest total soluble solids concentration.

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Susanto, Slamet, Herik Sugeru, and Sri Minten. "Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif Batang Atas Jeruk Pamelo ‘Nambangan’ pada Empat Jenis Interstok." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 1, no. 2 (April 6, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.1.2.53-58.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the differences effects of interstock on scion growth, flowering and fruiting of ‘Nambangan’ pummelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck). The research was conducted from January to December 2005 in a green house of Cikabayan Research Station IPB, Dramaga. Th e research was arranged in randomized completely block design with singe factor i. e. kind of intertock consisted of Flying Dragon, Troyer, Citrumelo, and Rangpur Lime. All interstocks were grafted on Javanche Citroen rootstock. The result showed that the growth, flowering and fruiting of ‘Nambangan’ pummelo was significantly affected by kind of interstock. Citrumelo interstock tended to induce more vegetatif with low generatif growth of ‘Nambangan’ scion. Troyer, Rangpur Lime and Flying Dragon resulted in moderate growth of ‘Nambangan’ scion, however only Flying Dragon induced ‘Nambangan’ scion to produce more flower and fruit as compared with other interstocks. There was no significant different in carbohydrate content in leaves and C/N ratio among scion with four interstock studied. Key words: interstock, Nambangan, pummel o, flowering

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Castle, William S., Kim D. Bowman, James C. Baldwin, Jude W. Grosser, and Frederick G. Gmitter. "Rootstocks Affect Tree Growth, Yield, and Juice Quality of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit." HortScience 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.6.841.

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Two adjacent rootstock trials were conducted in the east coast Indian River region of Florida with ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) scion. The objective was to find rootstocks to replace sour orange (C. aurantium L.) because of losses to citrus tristeza virus, and to replace Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] because of its limited usefulness in certain poorly drained coastal sites. The trials were conducted in randomized complete blocks with 12 single-tree replicates spaced 4.6 × 6.9 m. The soils were of the Wabasso and Riviera series. The first trial consisted largely of trees on citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. trifoliata] and citrumelo rootstocks, ‘Cipo’ sweet orange (C. sinensis), and various hybrid rootstocks. The second trial involved mandarin rootstocks (C. reticulata Blanco) and sour orange and related rootstocks. Trees were grown for 7 years and yield and juice quality data were collected for the last 4 years of that period. Those rootstocks identified as the most promising, based on combinations of smaller tree size and high productivity and juice quality, were two Sunki mandarin × Swingle trifoliate orange (TF) hybrids (C-54, C-146), a Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon TF hybrid, C-35 citrange, and a Cleopatra mandarin × Rubidoux TF hybrid (×639). The trees on these five rootstocks cropped well leading to soluble solids (SS) values of 3000 to 4000 kg/ha when they were 7-years old. The trees on C-54 and C-146 were relatively large, somewhat taller than trees on sour orange, whereas those on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid were smaller and similar to sour orange in tree height. Fruit quality among the trees on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid had relatively high SS concentration (better than sour orange), and the other three rootstocks had relatively lower solids concentration (poorer than sour orange). The trees on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid would be good candidates for higher density orchards.

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Gonzatto, Mateus Pereira, Alisson Pacheco Kovaleski, Eduardo Cesar Brugnara, Roberto Luis Weiler, Ivar Antônio Sartori, Jurandir Gonçalves de Lima, Renar João Bender, and Sergio Francisco Schwarz. "Performance of 'Oneco' mandarin on six rootstocks in South Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011000400010.

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The objective of this work was to assess the effect of six rootstocks on yield, fruit quality, and growth of 'Oneco' mandarin during the first seven harvesting seasons, in Butiá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rootstocks evaluated were: 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), 'Caipira' orange (C. sinensis), 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia), 'Volkamer' lemon (C. volkameriana), and 'Flying Dragon' trifoliata orange (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa). Plants budded onto 'Flying Dragon' had the lowest vegetative development, which indicates the dwarfing characteristics of this rootstock, and had the highest mean production efficiency, despite low yield. Plants grafted on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Rangpur' lime had the highest alternate bearing. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the most adequate rootstocks for mandarin 'Oneco' are 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'Troyer' citrange, regarding fruit yield and quality.

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SALIS, Constantinos, Ioannis E. PAPADAKIS, Spyridon KINTZIOS, and Marianna HAGIDIMITRIOU. "In vitro Propagation and Assessment of Genetic Relationships of Citrus Rootstocks Using ISSR Molecular Markers." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210900.

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The behavior of six citrus rootstocks, Volkameriana, Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, Citrange ‘Carrizo’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Rubidoux’ and Poncirus trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, in in vitro propagation was studied and compared for shoot proliferation and rooting. In addition, the genetic relationships among the rootstocks studied and other Citrus species, using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, were investigated. Nodal explants of three months old shoots were used in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) for shoot proliferation and with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting. The rootstock Volkameriana showed a statistically significant higher number of shoots (1.81), shoot length (15.14 mm) and number of leaves per explant (5.81), while all three Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks showed the lowest numbers. The number of roots and root length per explant were evaluated at the end of the rooting phase. The rootstock ‘Swingle’ showed a higher number of roots per explant (4.2) followed by ‘Flying Dragon’ (3.93) and ‘Carrizo’ (3.23) rootstocks. The rootstocks ‘Swingle’ (140.8 mm), Volkameriana (148 mm) and ‘Flying Dragon’ (131.12 mm) had significantly higher root length per explant compared to ‘Carrizo’ (31 mm) and ‘Rubidoux’ (34.5 mm). The ISSR molecular marker technique used in the present study grouped successfully the different species, varieties and rootstocks studied, revealing their genetic variability. The genetic variability observed among the rootstocks ranged between 0.29 (Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’ and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’) and 0.60 (Volkameriana and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’). The response of the rootstocks studied in in vitro propagation however is not related to their genetic affinity.

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Rodrigues, Filipe Almendagna, Gustavo de Faria Freitas, Rodrigo Amato Moreira, and Moacir Pasqual. "Caracterização dos frutos e germinação de sementes dos porta-enxertos trifoliata Flying Dragon e citrumelo Swingle." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, no. 4 (November 26, 2010): 1180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452010005000121.

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Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização fitotécnica dos frutos e avaliar o efeito da remoção do tegumento da semente e do uso do GA3 e do bioestimulante (Stimulate®) sobre a germinação de sementes dos porta-enxertos de citros Flying Dragon e citrumelo Swingle. A caracterização fitotécnica compreendeu a massa do fruto, o diâmetro transversal e longitudinal e a espessura da "casca" e a contagem de sementes viáveis e inviáveis por fruto. Realizou-se um experimento para cada porta-enxerto, em casa de vegetação sob nebulização intermitente, e as avaliações foram a cada 3 dias, após o início do processo germinativo, verificando-se porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. A utilização do GA3 e a retirada do tegumento em sementes do porta-enxerto Flying Dragon aumentam a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação, e para o porta-enxerto citrumelo Swingle, a retirada do tegumento das sementes aumenta a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação.

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Andersen, Peter C., and Brent V. Brodbeck. "Yield, Tree Size, and Fruit Quality of Mature ‘Owari’ and ‘Brown Select’ Satsuma on Poncirus trifoliata ‘Rubidoux’ and ‘Flying Dragon’ Rootstocks in North Florida." HortScience 50, no. 11 (November 2015): 1650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.11.1650.

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There is increasing interest in the culture of satsuma citrus in the states bordering the northern Gulf of Mexico. Yield, tree size, and fruit quality of mature ‘Owari’ and ‘Brown Select’ satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) on Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (‘Rubidoux’ and ‘Flying Dragon’) were evaluated in north Florida. Canopy area and volume, yield, and fruit quality data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial design with scion and rootstock as the main effects. There were no scion × rootstock interactions. Overall average yield per tree was 16, 88, 91, 143, and 101 kg in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. Yield was influenced by scion (higher for ‘Brown Select’) in three of five years, and by rootstock every year (higher for ‘Rubidoux’). Yield per tree was ≈2-fold greater for trees on ‘Rubidoux’ compared with ‘Flying Dragon’; the highest yield was recorded for ‘Brown Select’ on ‘Rubidoux’. Yield per m2 canopy area was often similar since canopy area was often ≈2-fold greater for trees on ‘Rubidoux’. For three of the five years, fruit weight was greater for ‘Brown Select’ (average = 157 g) than ‘Owari’ (average = 146 g), with no rootstock effect. Soluble solids of juice averaged 10.0 °Brix and were higher for trees on ‘Flying Dragon’ than on ‘Rubidoux’ in three of five years. Juice pH averaged 3.67 and was unaffected by scion or rootstock. Trees were not subjected to freeze protection and were not damaged by minimum temperatures as low as −9.4 °C, except for 2014/15. A rating of defoliation after a freeze on 19 Nov. 2014 (−5.6 °C) indicated that cold hardiness varied by scion (greater for ‘Brown Select’) and rootstock (greater for ‘Rubidoux’). Differences in cold hardiness did not persist when assessed later in the winter. Successful satsumas production can be achieved in north Florida in the absence of a severe freeze event.

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Souza, Paulo Vitor Dutra de, Edgar Carniel, José Antônio Kröeff Schmitz, and Samar Velho da Silveira. "Influência de substratos e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no desenvolvimento vegetativo do porta-enxerto flying dragon. (Poncirus trifoliata, var. montruosa Swing.)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 27, no. 2 (August 2005): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452005000200024.

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O presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito da composição do substrato e da inoculação de duas espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) (Glomus clarum e Acaulospora scrobiculata) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, o conteúdo em substâncias de reserva nos tecidos e a percentagem de colonização radicular por FMA no porta-enxerto Flying dragon (Poncirus trifoliata, var. monstruosa Swing). Os tratamentos consistiram de dois substratos: S1= solo + areia (1:1; v:v) e S2 = solo + areia + resíduo decomposto de casca de acácia-negra (2:2:1; v:v:v), ambos com e sem inoculação isolada de duas espécies de FMA (G. clarum e A. scrobiculata). Constatou-se que a adição de resíduo decomposto de casca de acácia-negra melhorou as características químicas e físicas do substrato, permitindo um maior desenvolvimento vegetativo e acúmulo de substâncias de reserva às plantas de Flying dragon em relação ao substrato solo + areia. A eficiência da simbiose foi variável com o substrato e com a espécie de FMA, onde o efeito positivo dos FMA foi notado apenas no substrato solo + areia, mais pobre nutricionalmente, sendo A. scrobiculata a espécie mais eficiente.

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Qian, Xuefeng, Kalsoom Rafique, and Yingna Wu. "Flying with the Dragon: Estimating Developing Countries’ Gains from China's Imports." China & World Economy 28, no. 5 (September 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12338.

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Mohanty, Deba R. "The dragon flying high? Examining china's aerospace industry: The Maoist era." Strategic Analysis 23, no. 12 (March 2000): 2057–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160008455180.

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Mohanty, Deba R. "The dragon flying high? examining China's aerospace industry: The Deng Era." Strategic Analysis 24, no. 1 (April 2000): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160008455193.

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De Felice, Bruna, Robert R. Wilson, Loredana Ciarmiello, Maria Teresa Scarano, and Sergio Ferrante. "Characterization of a novel satellite DNA sequence from Flying Dragon (Poncirus trifoliata)." Genetica 127, no. 1-3 (May 2006): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-005-2479-z.

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Silva, Simone Rodrigues da, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi, Eduardo Augusto Girardi, Tatiana Cantuarias-Avilés, and Meire Menezes Bassan. "Desempenho da tangerineira 'Span Americana' em diferentes porta-enxertos." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 35, no. 4 (December 2013): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000400016.

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Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, a produção e a qualidade de frutos da tangerina 'Span Americana' em diferentes porta-enxertos, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Bebedouro-SP. O plantio foi realizado em junho de 2003, em espaçamento de 6,0 m x 3,0 m, sendo utilizada irrigação por gotejamento a partir de 2006. Os porta-enxertos avaliados foram: citranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf] 'Carrizo' e 'Troyer', tetraploides; trifoliatas (P. trifoliata) 'Davis A' e 'Flying Dragon'; limão Volkameriano Catania 2 (C. volkameriana Tenn. et Pasq.), HRS 849 [(C. aurantium L. cv. 'Smooth Flat Seville' x P. trifoliata cv. 'Argentina')], tangelo 'Orlando' (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.) e limão 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osbeck). Foram avaliadas a produção acumulada, a eficiência produtiva e a precocidade de entrada em produção, no período de 2007 a 2009. Avaliaram-se, também, as dimensões das plantas e a taxa média de crescimento das plantas no período de 2005 a 2008, além da qualidade dos frutos em 2006 e 2007. Em pomares irrigados de tangerineira 'Span Americana', os porta-enxertos trifoliata 'Davis A' e HRS 849 apresentam desempenho horticultural satisfatório. Para plantio em alta densidade, a melhor performance da tangerineira 'Span Americana' é obtida com a utilização dos porta-enxertos trifoliata 'Flying Dragon' e citranges 'Troyer' e 'Carrizo'.

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Shemesh, Abraham Ofir. "Unicorns and Flying Dragons in Noah's Ark: The Bible Story according to Medieval and Modern European Works of Art." Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital de Estudos Judaicos da UFMG 13, no. 24 (May 29, 2019): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.13.24.193-206.

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The current study analyzes several medieval and modern works of art that portray mythological creatures who entered Noah's ark (Genesis 6:5-9) – flying dragon-like and imaginary creatures as well as unicorns. The artists assumedly chose to portray these animals for several reasons: a) in the ancient world the existence of creatures with unusual and exceptional qualities was a commonly held belief; b) mythological animals aroused the imagination of the ancients and sparked their curiosity.

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Medina-Urrutia, Victor, Karla Fabiola, Lopez Madera, Patricia Serrano, G. Ananthakrishnan, Jude W. Grosser, and Wenwu Guo. "New Intergeneric Somatic Hybrids Combining Amblycarpa Mandarin with Six Trifoliate/Trifoliate Hybrid Selections for Lime Rootstock Improvement." HortScience 39, no. 2 (April 2004): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.2.355.

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No presently available rootstock combines all the available rootstock attributes necessary for efficient long-term citriculture (production and harvesting) of Mexican limes and other commercially important scions. In the present study, somatic hybridization techniques were used to combine the widely adapted Amblycarpa mandarin (also known as Nasnaran mandarin) with six different trifoliate/trifoliate hybrid selections: Benton, Carrizo, and C-35 citranges; Flying Dragon and Rubidoux trifoliate oranges; and a somatic hybrid of sour orange + Flying Dragon. The ultimate goal of this research is to generate polyploid somatic hybrids that express the complementary horticultural and disease resistance attributes of the corresponding parents, and have direct potential as improved tree-size controlling rootstocks. Somatic hybrids from all six parental combinations were confirmed by a combination of leaf morphology, flow cytometry, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (for nuclear hybridity) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analyses (for mtDNA and cpDNA). This is the first report of citrus somatic hybridization using Amblycarpa mandarin. Unexpected hexaploid somatic hybrid plants were recovered from the fusion of Amblycarpa mandarin + C-35 citrange. Hexaploid hybrids should be very dwarfing and may have potential for producing potted ornamental citrus. Resulting somatic hybrid plants from all six combinations have been propagated by tissue culture and/or rooted cuttings and are being prepared for commercial field evaluation for their potential as improved rootstocks for Mexican lime and other important scions.

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Maro, L. A. C., V. W. Forest, and R. Pescador. "‘Flying Dragon’ and ‘Swingle’ rootstocks development: substrate and tegument influence on seedlings emergence." Acta Horticulturae, no. 12 (December 2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.12.12.

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Ashkenazi, S., Z. Asor, and O. Rosenberg. "HIGH DENSITY CITRUS PLANTATION - THE USE OF FLYING DRAGON TRIFOLIATE AS AN INTERSTOCK." Acta Horticulturae, no. 349 (October 1993): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.349.32.

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Maro, L. A. C., V. W. Forest, and R. Pescador. "‘Flying Dragon’ and ‘Swingle’ rootstocks development: substrate and tegument influence on seedlings emergence." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1230 (December 2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1230.12.

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Maro, L. A. C., V. W. Forest, and R. Pescador. "‘Flying Dragon’ and ‘Swingle’ rootstocks development: substrate and tegument influence on seedlings emergence." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1230 (January 2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1230.12.

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Chen, Wenjie, and Heiwai Tang. "The Dragon Is Flying West: Micro-level Evidence of Chinese Outward Direct Investment." Asian Development Review 31, no. 2 (September 2014): 109–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00032.

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Outward direct investment (ODI) from the People's Republic of China (PRC) is surging. A common perception is that it was driven by the country's resource-seeking and technology-seeking motives. Using a new, unique, and comprehensive dataset that covers close to 10,000 Chinese ODI deals from 1998 to 2009, we find that in contrast to the common perception, over half of the ODI deals are in service sectors, with many of them appearing to be export-related. In addition to documenting the pattern and trend of the PRC's ODI, we empirically examine both the determinants and effects of ODI at the firm level. We find that ex ante larger, more productive, and more export-intensive firms are more likely to start investing abroad. Using matching estimation techniques, we find that ODI is associated with better firm performance, including higher total factor productivity, employment, and export intensity, and greater product innovation. To assess the relative contributions of technology transfer, export promotion, and resource seeking to the positive effects of ODI, we use ODI data merged with customs transaction-level trade data. We find that firms’ ODI participation is associated with significantly better trade performance, measured by export and import volumes, export and import unit values, and number of export destinations. Contrary to perceived technology-seeking and resource-seeking motives, we find no evidence that ODI firms import more capital or intermediate inputs compared to non-ODI firms.

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Reis, Bernadete, Otto Carlos Koller, Sergio Francisco Schwarz, Sergiomar Theisen, Ivar Antônio Sartori, Fernanda Severo Nichele, Rafael Lorscheiter, and Henrique Belmonte Petry. "Produção de frutos e incidência de cancro cítrico em laranjeiras "Monte Parnaso" enxertadas sobre sete porta-enxertos." Ciência Rural 38, no. 3 (June 2008): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000300012.

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Porta-enxertos de citros podem exercer influência sobre a produção de frutos e suscetibilidade das plantas ao cancro cítrico. Este trabalho objetivou selecionar porta-enxertos que induzam elevado índice de produtividade e menor suscetibilidade das copas de laranjeiras-de-umbigo "Monte Parnaso"(Citrus sinensis) à bactéria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causadora do cancro cítrico (CC). O experimento foi desenvolvido em um pomar experimental com 10 anos de idade, plantado em espaçamento de 2,5 x 6,0m, no município de Butiá, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, usando duas plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos constaram dos seguintes porta-enxertos: limoeiros "Cravo" (C. limonia) e "Volkameriano" (C. volkameriana.), trifoliata "Flying Dragon" (Poncirus trifoliata.), laranjeira "Caipira" (C. sinensis), citrangeiro "Troyer" (C. sinensis x P. trifoliata), tangerineira "Sunki" (C. sunki.) e citrumeleiro "Swingle" (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: incidência de CC em folhas e frutos em toda a planta e em ramos previamente selecionados, em diversas épocas. Verificou-se que as plantas enxertadas sobre citrumeleiro "Swingle" apresentaram o maior índice de produtividade e, à semelhança do "Flying Dragon", a menor incidência de CC, tanto nas folhas como nos frutos. Além disso, verificou-se também que as plantas enxertadas sobre os limoeiros "Cravo" e "Volkameriana", apesar de produzirem as mais elevadas cargas de frutos, foram as mais suscetíveis ao CC.

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Giuliani, Julio Cesar, Sandra Rieth, Wagner Soares, Gil Lourosa, and Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza. "Substratos e recipientes para a produção de porta-enxertos de citros irrigados por subcapilaridade." Ciência Rural 44, no. 3 (March 2014): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782014000300010.

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O conhecimento do porta-enxerto, do substrato e do recipiente são fundamentais para a definição do período necessário para produzir mudas cítricas de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a emergência de plântulas e o desenvolvimento vegetativo de seis porta-enxertos cítricos, cultivados em dois substratos e mantidos em diferentes recipientes, em sementeira, irrigados por subcapilaridade. Foram testados dois substratos comerciais e a semeadura foi realizada em tubetes com 50cm³, tubetes com 120cm³ e bandejas de isopor contendo 72 células com volume de 120cm³. Os seis porta-enxertos cítricos avaliados foram: Trifoliata [Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.]; Flying Dragon [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. var. monstrosa]; limoeiro Volkameriano (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.), citrangeiro Fepagro C37 [P. trifoliata x Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck.], tangerineira Sunki (C. sunki hort. ex Tan.) e citrumeleiro Swingle (P. trifoliata x C. paradisi). Avaliou-se emergência, altura e diâmetro das plantas ao longo do cultivo em casa de vegetação. Em laboratório, avaliou-se massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz, número de folhas, área foliar por folha e área foliar por planta. Nas avaliações de emergência de plântulas, a tangerineira Sunki, o limoeiro Volkameriano e o citrumeleiro Swingle apresentaram maiores taxas em relação ao Trifoliata, ao citrangeiro Fepagro C 37 e ao Flying Dragon. Ao empregar-se o sistema de irrigação por subcapilaridade, o substrato comercial 1 é recomendado para todos recipientes. O substrato comercial 2 somente deve ser empregado em bandejas alveoladas de 120 cm³.

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RODRIGUES, MARIA JÚLIA DA SILVA, ELDES REINAN MENDES DE OLIVEIRA, EDUARDO AUGUSTO GIRARDI, CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA LEDO, and WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO. "PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE CITROS COM DIFERENTES COMBINAÇÕES COPA E PORTA-ENXERTO EM VIVEIRO PROTEGIDO." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 38, no. 1 (February 2016): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-284/14.

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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de mudas de laranjeiras doces ‘Pera’ e ‘Westin’, tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’ e limeira-ácida ‘Tahiti’ enxertadas em 14 porta-enxertos de citros em viveiro protegido. As mudas de laranjeiras-doces ‘Pera D-6’ e ‘Westin’, tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’ e limeira-ácida ‘Tahiti CNPMF-02’ foram avaliadas em viveiro protegido após a enxertia, em 11 porta-enxertos híbridos: citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’, citrumelo ‘Swingle 4475’, HTR-051, TSKC x (LCR x TR)-040 e 059, LVK x LCR-010 e 038, TSKC x CTTR-002 e TSKC x CTSW-041, além de trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’. Coletaram-se variáveis biométricas e fisiológicas, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com 56 tratamentos, três repetições e dez plantas na parcela. Independentemente do porta-enxerto, a limeira-ácida ‘Tahiti CNPMF-02’ foi a copa mais vigorosa em viveiro, seguida da tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’ e, por fim, pelas laranjeiras ‘Pera-D6’ e ‘Westin’. A tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ induziu maior crescimento vegetativo e de sistema radicular em combinação com todas as copas estudadas. O trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ e o híbrido HTR-051 necessitam de maior período para a formação das mudas em função do menor vigor desses genótipos, em combinação com todas as variedades copas avaliadas. Não se observaram quaisquer sintomas de incompatibilidade entre as variedades no viveiro.

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Carvalho, Michel Sousa, Alencar Cristaldo de Andrade, Denilson de Oliveira Guilherme, and Rúbia Renata Marques. "Utilização de Stimulate® para germinação de sementes de porta-enxerto de Poncirus trifoliata, variedade Flying dragon." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n3/2021/33-39/agrariacad.

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An experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the germination of seeds of Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrous ‘Flying dragon’. The seeds were soaked for 24 hours in a solution containing 0, 100, 150 and 200 mL L-1 of Stimulate®. After the imbibition period, the seeds were placed to germinate in two types of substrate, and germitest paper and sand. The counts were performed from the seventh to thirtieth days after sowing. The analyzes performed were germination %, Germination Speed Index, Radicle Length and Plumule Length. Stimulate® doses did not represent a reduction in germination time.

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Mademba-Sy, François, Zacharie Lemerre-Desprez, and Stéphane Lebegin. "Use of Flying Dragon Trifoliate Orange As Dwarfing Rootstock for Citrus Under Tropical Climatic Conditions." HortScience 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.1.11.

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Citrus fruit trees grown under tropical climatic conditions have a high level of vigor and, consequently, late fruit-bearing and low productivity. The use of Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T.Itô) Swing.] (FD) rootstock could overcome these negative effects by inducing small trees with early production. Trials including eight commercial cultivars began in Dec. 1992 on an irrigated plot on the main island of New Caledonia (South Pacific). Growth of the trees was observed over a 13-year period through twice-yearly measurements of tree height, canopy between and in the rows, and trunk diameter. Fruit production was recorded beginning 2 years after planting. According to the climatic and pedological conditions of the experimental site, trees grafted on FD could, depending on cultivar, be planted in densities from 519 to 1111 trees/ha. Over the 13 years, yields were 0.5 to 2.8 times greater than those of the same cultivar on the standard rootstock. ‘Tahiti’ lime cumulative planting and maintenance costs were only 1.5 times higher for a density five times as great, and the level of productivity per hectare (gross margin/ha) was 3.3 times that of traditional orchards. Grafting citrus cultivars on FD, which is seldom used in the Mediterranean zone as a result of its excessive dwarfing effect in relation with the climatic conditions, could prove, on the other hand, promising in tropical areas.

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Grosser, J. W., F. G. Gmitter, and J. L. Chandler. "Intergeneric somatic hybrid plants of Citrus sinensis cv. Hamlin and Poncirus trifoliata cv. Flying Dragon." Plant Cell Reports 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00272965.

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RODRIGUES, MARIA JÚLIA DA SILVA, CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA LEDO, EDUARDO AUGUSTO GIRARDI, LUCAS ARAGÃO DA HORA ALMEIDA, and WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FRUTOS E PROPAGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS HÍBRIDOS DE CITROS EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 37, no. 2 (June 2015): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-068/14.

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A diversificação de uso de porta-enxertos de citros é importante no Brasil devido à presença de diversos estresses abióticos e bióticos, além da busca por atributos horticulturais desejáveis como nanismo, alta eficiência de produção e indução de boa qualidade aos frutos. Para a seleção de um genótipo com potencial de uso como porta-enxerto, porém, o desempenho na fase de propagação também é relevante. Assim, caracterizaram-se os frutos e avaliou-se a propagação em ambiente protegido de porta-enxertos híbridos de citros obtidos ou selecionados pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Citros da Embrapa: citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’, híbridos HTR-051, TSKC x (LCR x TR)-040 e 059, LVK x LCR-010 e 038, TSKC x CTTR-002, TSKC x CTSW-041 e LCR x TR-001, além das variedades comerciais citrumelo ‘Swingle 4475’, trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’. Foram avaliados variáveis biométricas, fisiológicas e coeficientes técnicos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 50 plantas na parcela ou 20 frutos por genótipo, conforme a avaliação. Citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e LVK x LCR-010 apresentaram alta produção de sementes por fruto, enquanto HTR-051 e LCR x TR-001 produziram as menores quantidades. A poliembrionia foi superior para TSKC x CTTR-002, TSKC x (LCR x TR)–040, LCR x TR-001, citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’ e tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, tendo trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ e LVK x LCR-010 apenas 45% de poliembrionia média. A emergência de citrandarin ‘Riverside’ foi mais rápida e uniforme em relação aos demais genótipos. O crescimento vegetativo da parte aérea e do sistema radicular foi superior para citrandarin ‘Riverside’, TSKC x (LCR x TR)-059, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e limoeiro ‘Cravo’ e seus híbridos. Todos os híbridos de citros avaliados apresentam potencial de uso como porta-enxertos.

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Kwon, Jaebeom. "When the Kangaroo Encounters the Flying Dragon: The Growth of Balancing Elements in Australia's China Policy." Pacific Focus 35, no. 3 (December 2020): 491–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pafo.12174.

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Castle, William S. "Horticultural and Economic Impact of Rootstocks on Fresh-market ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit." HortScience 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.8.1007.

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A rootstock trial with a ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) scion was established in the flatwoods of the Florida east coast Indian River region in 1990. The trees were planted in an Alfisol of the Pineda series. The trial consisted of trees on 16 rootstocks, primarily citranges [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], citrumelos (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata), mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and various hybrids, in three or six replicates of three-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Tree growth and survival, yield, and juice quality were measured annually or periodically for 10 years. In three seasons, whole-tree crops were sized in the field. Using the fruit size distribution data, crop value or income/tree was estimated. Tree height after 10 years ranged from 1.7 to 4.1 m and survival was greater than 90% with a few exceptions. Mean cumulative yield was 1202 kg/tree and ranged from 649 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) to 1615 kg/tree for a hybrid of trifoliate orange × Milam. At tree age 9 years, mean soluble solids production was 3594 kg·ha−1 with a 240% difference between the lowest and highest value. There were differences in the distribution of four commercial-sized categories based on analysis of individual sizes and using PROC FREQ to examine and compare whole-tree distributions. When the yield and fruit size data were combined for 3 years and converted to income/tree using commercial Florida Freight On Board prices in November and March, the trees on a trifoliate orange × Milam hybrid (1584) had the highest estimated income ($354 U.S., March data) followed by Calamandarin ($321) and Norton citrange ($292). The lowest income/tree was $112 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange). When all data were considered, the best matches to current grower interest in smaller sized trees, and high yield and fruit quality, were the hybrid 1584 and C-35 citrange rootstocks.

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Matheron, M. E., G. C. Wright, and M. Porchas. "Resistance to Phytophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica and Nursery Characteristics of Several Citrus Rootstocks." Plant Disease 82, no. 11 (November 1998): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.11.1217.

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Studies were conducted to compare existing and potential citrus rootstocks with respect to resistance to root rot and gummosis caused by Phytophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments and horticultural performance under simulated nursery conditions. Depending upon rootstock and experiment, mean root weights resulting from inoculation with P. citrophthora were 27 to 96% lower than the comparable controls. In similar experiments with the same rootstocks, inoculation with P. parasitica resulted in root weights that were 38 to 95% less than weights of the noninoculated controls. During 1994 or 1995, mean root weight reduction compared with noninoculated plants among Citrus macrophylla, rough lemon, C. volkameriana, and Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon trifoliate (62-109-19) attributable to P. citrophthora and mean root weight reduction among C. macrophylla, C. volkameriana, rough lemon, Sacaton citrumelo, Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon trifoliate (62-109-19), African shaddock × Rubidoux trifoliate, and Shekwasha mandarin × English trifoliate attributable to P. parasitica were significantly less than those recorded for all other tested rootstocks. Rootstocks that sustained a low percentage of root weight reduction generally experienced a low percentage of shoot weight reduction and survived longer as well. In evaluation of resistance to gummosis, depending on rootstock and experiment, the mean length of stem lesions caused by P. citrophthora on rootstocks ranged from 0.2 to 25.0 mm, whereas values for P. parasitica ranged from 0.2 to 18.5 mm. Stem lesions smaller than 5 mm in length were recorded for 21 and 14 of 36 different rootstocks inoculated with P. citrophthora and P. parasitica, respectively. On the other hand, P. citrophthora and P. parasitica caused stem lesions of at least 10 mm in length on 8 and 16 citrus rootstocks, respectively. Desirable nursery characteristics, including vigorous growth, minimal branching, and high leaf chlorophyll content, were demonstrated most prominently by Gomiri rough lemon, C. volkameriana, and Benton citrange, and to a lesser degree by some other rootstocks. Possible factors that could account for inconsistent classification of some citrus rootstocks as susceptible or resistant to Phytophthora root rot and gummosis are discussed.

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Grosser, Jude W., Frederick G. Gmitter, J. L. Chandler, and Eliezer S. Louzada. "Somatic Hybridization of Complementary Citrus Rootstock:Five New Hybrids." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 812–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.812.

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Protoplasm culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of tetraploid somatic hybrid plants from the following attempted parental combinations: Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) + Argentine trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]; `Succari' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] + Argentine trifoliate orange; sour orange (C. aurantium L.) + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange (P. trifolita); sour orange + Rangpur (C. limonia Osb.); and Milam lemon (purported sexual hybrid of C. jambhiri Lush × C. sinensis) + Sun Chu Sha mandarin (C. reticulate Blanco). Protoplasm isolation, fusion, and culture were conducted according to previously published methods. Regenerated plants were classified according to leaf morphology, chromosome number, and peroxidase, phosphoglucomutase, and phosphoglucose isomerase leaf isozyme profiles. All of the somatic hybrid plants were tetraploid, as expected (2n = 4x = 36), and all five selections have been propagated and entered into commercial citrus rootstock trials.

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Felzener, Leandro Teruel, Adriana Pacheco Barreiro, Elizabeth Orika Ono, Susette Aparecida de Barros-Cardoso, and João Domingos Rodrigues. "Efeitos de reguladores vegetais no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 29, no. 2 (August 2007): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452007000200041.

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O trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de reguladores vegetais no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Flying Dragon [Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito)]. Na metade de cada estação do ano, ramos de citros foram coletados (4 experimentos), a partir dos quais foram retiradas estacas com 10 cm de comprimento com uma folha cortada ao meio. As bases das estacas foram tratadas com os seguintes reguladores vegetais na forma de talco: Testemunha (H2O); IBA 0,5%; NAA a 0,5%; IBA + ácido caféico a 0,5%, e NAA + ácido caféico 0,5%. As estacas foram plantadas em bandejas de isopor contendo fibra de coco e mantidas por três meses em câmara de nebulização. Os resultados mostraram que para a propagação desta espécie por estaquia, a coleta dos ramos deve ser no outono e que as mesmas sejam tratadas com a mistura de NAA + ácido caféico, ambos a 0,5%.

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Moreira, Rodrigo Amato, José Darlan Ramos, and Maria do Céu Monteiro da Cruz. "Caracterização de frutos e poliembrionia em sementes de 'flying dragon' e de híbridos de porta-enxerto de citros." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, no. 2 (June 11, 2010): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452010005000056.

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A diversificação de porta-enxertos é uma realidade no momento atual da citricultura brasileira, devido aos inúmeros problemas fitossanitários que vêm sendo recorrentes. Neste contexto, algumas alternativas já são implementadas, como a utilização de alguns híbridos produzidos a partir do melhoramento convencional e por variedades já consagradas na citricultura. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar os frutos e avaliar a germinação e a poliembrionia das sementes de híbridos e alguns porta-enxertos convencionais. Para caracterização, foram colhidas, ao acaso, 12 amostras (frutos) de cada porta-enxerto. Na avaliação do percentual de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e poliembrionia, foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 5 (porta-enxertos: híbridos UFLAD-2, UFLAD-3 e UFLAD-4, citrumeleiro 'Swingle' e o Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa 'Flying Dragon') x 2 (com e sem a remoção do tegumento da semente), sendo utilizadas quatro repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: O tamanho do fruto não influenciou no rendimento de sementes. A remoção do tegumento acelerou o tempo de germinação das sementes em todos os porta-enxertos e proporcionou maior percentual de germinação. A poliembrionia não afetou o processo de germinação das sementes. Os porta-enxertos UFLAD-2, UFLAD-3, UFLAD-4 e citrumeleiro 'Swingle' apresentam potencial para serem utilizados como porta-enxertos na propagação de algumas variedades cítricas.

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Martínez-Alcántara, B., J. Rodriguez-Gamir, M. R. Martínez-Cuenca, D. J. Iglesias, E. Primo-Millo, and M. A. Forner-Giner. "Relationship between hydraulic conductance and citrus dwarfing by the Flying Dragon rootstock (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raft var. monstruosa)." Trees 27, no. 3 (December 7, 2012): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0817-1.

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Sarooshi, RA, and P. Broadbent. "Evaluation of rootstocks for Eureka and Lisbon lemons in replant ground in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 2 (1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920205.

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The yield, growth, fruit quality, and graft compatibility of 2 lemon cultivars Eureka and Lisbon [Citrus limon (L.) Bum. f.], budded onto several new rootstocks, were studied in replant ground.Promising rootstocks for Eureka lemon were 2 new hybrids bred at Gosford, New South Wales, 3798 (Scarlet mandarin x Poncirus trifoliata) and 4017 (Smooth Seville x P. trifoliata), and also Benton citrange and Nelspruit hybrid 639. Trees on the sour orange group of rootstocks including Xingshan, Dai Dai and Baggan yielded 44-63% less than trees on rough lemon rootstocks; but their fruit quality, as evidenced by juice per cent, OBrix, and citric acid (kg/t), was better. The performance of Lisbon lemon was tested on 10 selections of F'. trifoliata, and although trees on Flying Dragon were smaller and yielded about 50% less than on Swingle, Christiansen, Large Flower, and selection 22, results were not significantly (P<0.05) different.

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Martill, David M. "Dimorphodon and the Reverend George Howman's noctivagous flying dragon: the earliest restoration of a pterosaur in its natural habitat." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 125, no. 1 (January 2014): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2013.03.003.

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Guilherme, Denilson de Oliveira, Cláudia Sales Marinho, Marlon Altoé Biazatt, Graziella Siqueira Campos, and Cintia Aparecida Bremenkamp. "Produção de mudas de laranjeira Pêra por meio do método de interenxertia." Ciência Rural 44, no. 3 (March 2014): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782014000300005.

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A interenxertia é uma prática que é usada, quando se deseja unir duas plantas que, sabidamente, são incompatíveis, ou quando se pretende diminuir o vigor da cultivar copa. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se uma metodologia alternativa para a produção de mudas de laranjeira Pêra interenxertadas, usando a subenxertia como técnica auxiliar na formação de um interenxerto de limoeiro Cravo. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: T1 - porta-enxerto trifoliata Flying Dragon (FD) e interenxerto de laranjeira Bahia; T2 - porta-enxerto Citrumeleiro Swingle (CS) e interenxerto de laranjeira Bahia; T3 - porta-enxerto limoeiro Cravo (LC); T4 - porta-enxerto FD e interenxerto de LC; T5 - Porta-enxerto CS e interenxerto de LC. As mudas produzidas no tratamento 4 (Pêra / LC / FD) se aproximaram em vigor das mudas produzidas sem filtro (Pêra / LC). A produção de mudas de laranjeira Pêra interenxertadas pelo sistema tradicional, tendo como porta-enxerto CS ou FD e interenxerto de laranjeira Bahia, não foi possível, em virtude da baixa viabilidade e vigor das brotações.

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Yoshida, Toshio. "Inheritance of the Crooked Twig and Thorn Trait from Flying Dragon Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito) Swingle)." Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 74, no. 3 (2005): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.74.189.

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Penna, Leonardo Demartini, Mariana Brunani Arouca, Renato Mello Prado, Danilo Eduardo Rozane, and Helton Camara. "CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE LIMA ÁCIDA ‘TAHITI’, ENXERTADAS EM ‘FLYING DRAGON’ EM FUNÇÃO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO COM NITROGÊNIO, FÓSFORO E POTÁSSIO." Nucleus 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.568.

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Wu, Guangzheng. "Buddhist-Taoist rivalry and the evolution of the story of Lü Dongbin’s slaying the Yellow Dragon with a flying sword." Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 1, no. 4 (October 2007): 581–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11702-007-0028-8.

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47

Grosser, Jude W., Frederick G. Gmitter, Franca Sesto, Xiu Xin Deng, and J. L. Chandler. "Six New Somatic Citrus Hybrids and Their Potential for Cultivar Improvement." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 1 (January 1992): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.1.169.

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Protoplasm culture following polyethylene glycol (PEG) -induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants from the following six parental combinations: Citrus sinermis (L.) Osbeck cv. Hamlin + Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Tenore (Chinese box-orange); C. reticulate Blanco cv. Cleopatra + Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. cv. Flying Dragon; C. reticulate cv. Cleopatra + Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata); C. sinensis cv. Hamlin + C. jambhiri cv. Rough lemon; C. sinensis cv. Valencia + C. jambhiri cv. Rough lemon; and C. paradisi cv. Thompson + `Murcott' tangor (purported hybrid of C. reticulate × C. sinensis). Diploid plants were regenerated from nonfused embryogenic culture-derived protoplasts of `Cleopatra' mandarin and `Hamlin' and `Valencia' sweet orange, and from nonfused leaf-derived protoplasts of Rough lemon and `Mnrcott'. Regenerated plants were classified according to leaf morphology, chromosome number, and isozyme analyses. All of the somatic hybrids reported herein are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), with the exception of the `Hamlin' + S. buxifolia hybrid, which was unexpectedly found to have a chromosome number of 2n = 27. These six new somatic hybrids have potential in citrus scion and rootstock improvement for commercial use.

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Brugnara, Eduardo Cesar, and Rafael Roveri Sabião. "Effect of seventeen rootstocks on young ‘Valência’ sweet orange performance in western Santa Catarina, Brazil." AgriScientia 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v38.n1.27977.

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Recommendations of rootstocks for ‘Valência’ sweet orange in southern Brazil have been partially based on empirical observations or information. Therefore, this study compared young ‘Valência’ trees budded on different rootstocks in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Seventeen rootstocks were tested for growth (tree height and canopy projection area and volume) and fruit production (per tree, hectare, m² and m³ of canopy). The experiment comprised four replicates of three trees and was carried during six years under standard management, in a Cfa (humid subtropical) climate. In general, larger trees produced more fruit. However, ‘San Diego’ citrandarin, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Cravo’ rangpur lime (among vigorous rootstocks), ‘Cravo’ x ‘Sunki’ EEI hybrid, ‘Fepagro C37 Dorneles’ citrange, ‘Rubidoux’ trifoliate orange (among medium vigorous rootstocks), ‘HFD25 EEI’ hybrid and ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange (among less vigorous rootstocks) stood out in cumulated production by area or volume of the canopy. ‘San Diego’ also stood out in production per tree. Cultivars ‘Cravo’ x ‘Sunki’ EEI, ‘San Diego’, and ‘HFD25 EEI’ should be further evaluated regarding disease susceptibility and fruit quality for possible release.

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Gerard, Lee L. See, Et War Yazsine A. Ocampos Aj, Angelli Y. Yap Nicole, and V. Arce, Jr Florencio. "Anti-asthma potential of dried Draco Spilopterus Wieg. 1834 (Philippine Flying Dragon) using mesenteric mast cell count by atopic allergy method." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpp2017.0445.

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Nesbitt, Monte L., Robert C. Ebel, Douglas Findley, Bryan Wilkins, Floyd Woods, and David Himelrick. "Assays to Assess Freeze Injury of Satsuma Mandarin." HortScience 37, no. 6 (October 2002): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.6.871.

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Containerized `Owari' satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) on Poncirus trifoliata `Flying Dragon' rootstock were exposed to one of two acclimation regimes (cold acclimated and unacclimated) and frozen in a computer-controlled freezer to five different low temperatures. Whole plant survival was measured and compared to the results of four leaf and stem injury assays. Acclimating plants in growth chambers at 20 °C day and 10 °C night for 14 days, followed by 15 °C day and 4 °C night for 14 to 21 days resulted in an 81% and 80% increase in leaf and stem survival, respectively, when frozen to a low of -8 °C. Electrolyte leakage and phenolic leakage assays effectively detected changes in percent leaf survival, but the TTC stain assay, using leaf disks, did not. Stem survival was best predicted by the TTC assay, using the phloem as the indicator tissue for survival. Electrolyte leakage and phenolic leakage were also reliable assays for predicting stem survival, although survival percentages were different at the same electrolyte leakage values reported in other studies. The callus growth assay accurately predicted survival for cold acclimated satsuma mandarin stems only. Chemical name used: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flying Dragon'

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