Journal articles: 'Flying squirrels'

1

Suzuki, Kei K., and Motokazu Ando. "Early and efficient detection of an endangered flying squirrel by arboreal camera trapping." Mammalia 83, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0055.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Endangered species management is typically informed by an ecological knowledge of a species. Currently, little is known about the distribution and ecology of the Japanese flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga). To provide an effective rapid survey technique for flying squirrels, we used camera trap surveys and determined what methodology (i.e. camera placement, survey length) was most efficient. We placed 154 cameras in trees for 30 days. We detected flying squirrels at 12% of the camera points. The average suitable distance between camera and targeted tree (DCT) was 130 cm (SE: 15.4, range: 90–220). Moreover, flying squirrels were frequently detected on the trunks of taller trees. We found camera trap surveys were an efficient technique for detecting flying squirrels. Approximately 11% of camera points detected flying squirrels within one survey night. Initial detection of flying squirrels at a site occurred within 10 days at 58% of the points. To efficiently detect flying squirrels, we suggest that it is better to aim the camera towards taller trees at a suitable DCT and to conduct surveys for a minimum of 10 days at each site.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kim, Jong-U., Jun-Soo Kim, Jong-Hoon Jeon, and Woo-Shin Lee. "Home Range Estimates and Habitat Use of Siberian Flying Squirrels in South Korea." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081378.

Full text

Abstract:

Conservation measures or management guidelines must be based on species’ ecological data. The home range of the target species was studied to understand its spatial ecology, in order to protect it. The Siberian flying squirrel is the only flying squirrel species present and is considered as a protected species in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the home range, habitat use, and daily movement of Siberian flying squirrels from February 2015 to June 2016 at Mt. Baekwoon, Gangwon Province, South Korea. We tracked 21 flying squirrels using radio transmitters and analyzed the home range of 12 individuals. Flying squirrels appeared to have an overall mean home range of 18.92 ± 14.80 ha with a core area of 3.54 ha ± 3.88 ha. Movement activity peaked between 18:00–19:00 with the longest distance traveled, coinciding with sunset. In addition, we observed the preference of Siberian flying squirrels to the old deciduous forest with dense crowns. The results of the present study indicate that it is important to manage their habitat; for instance, preserving an appropriate size of mature deciduous forest is essential for Siberian flying squirrels. While our study provides needed baseline information on the spatial activity of the species, further research on topics such as the national distribution, behavior, and population dynamics of Siberian flying squirrels is needed in South Korea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kiesow, A. M., E. M. Monroe, and H. B. Britten. "Genetic structure of the arboreal squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in the North American Black Hills." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-087.

Full text

Abstract:

We selected two isolated mammalian populations, the Black Hills northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) and red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777)), to elucidate their genetic structure. We trapped both squirrels from 2005 to 2007, in three regions of the Black Hills, differing in geology and vegetation, to collect ear samples for genetic analyses. Microsatellite loci (northern flying (9) and red squirrel (13)) were used to examine genetic structure. Data analyses estimated genetic variability, substructure, and gene flow. Northern flying and red squirrel populations have allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity similar to other isolated populations. Each species shows weak substructure from STRUCTURE and GENELAND analyses, suggesting squirrel movements may be inhibited by topography or unsuitable habitat. Recent gene flow estimates from BAYESASS indicate that both species experience some within population gene flow and red squirrels may be more structured than northern flying squirrels because of lower migration rates. Concordant patterns of genetic structure in northern flying and red squirrels indicate that other species’ movements in the Black Hills may be affected by topography and habitat. Because their habitat is isolated in the Black Hills, management practices and conservation measures are recommended to promote viability and survival of each species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pyare, Sanjay, and William S. Longland. "Interrelationships among northern flying squirrels, truffles, and microhabitat structure in Sierra Nevada old-growth habitat." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-002.

Full text

Abstract:

During 1997-1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw) in old-growth forest habitat of the Sierra Nevada Range, U.S.A. Following live-trapping sessions, we searched the forest floor for truffle diggings and sampled the soil for truffles. Diggings were more abundant where flying squirrels were captured, suggesting squirrels were active near areas of the forest floor where truffles had recently been excavated. The frequency of sampling plots with truffles was higher where squirrels were captured, further suggesting preferences for microhabitats where truffles were more abundant. We also measured 15 microhabitat variables at trap stations to evaluate the influence of aboveground microhabitat characteristics on squirrel occurrence. Results indicated that flying squirrels preferred microhabitats with understory cover, which may minimize predation from aerial predators like spotted owls (Strix occidentalis Merriam). Neither abundance of coarse woody debris, a feature conducive to fungal growth, nor the abundance of potential nesting sites (i.e., snags) measurably influenced squirrel occurrence. While various aboveground forest-microhabitat characteristics affect the use of old-growth forests by flying squirrels, these animals refine their use of these forests based on fine-scale changes in the availability of a highly preferred and ephemeral food item.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bull, Evelyn L., Thad W. Heater, and Andrew Youngblood. "Arboreal Squirrel Response to Silvicultural Treatments for Dwarf Mistletoe Control in Northeastern Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.133.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Various silvicultural treatments are commonly used to sanitize stands by removing trees infected with dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.), yet witches' brooms in trees infected with dwarf mistletoe often provide structures used by many wildlife species. We compared relative abundance, habitat use, and area of use of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) before and after two different treatments designed to remove a range of dwarf mistletoe-caused witches' brooms in northeastern Oregon in 1998–2002. Dwarf mistletoe sanitation treatments included: (1) an island treatment, with retention of up to 0.5 ha groups of trees containing witches' brooms in evenly distributed uncut islands, and all harvest activity confined to thinning from below outside these islands to eliminate trees containing witches' brooms; and (2) a total removal treatment, which consisted of removing all trees that contained a witches' broom estimated to be >25 cm in diameter. Before treatment, over half of the red squirrels and northern flying squirrels in the treatment area occupied summer rest sites in witches' brooms on large Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Live trapping indicated a pretreatment abundance of 1.0 per 100 trap/nights for red squirrels and 0.4 per 100 trap/nights for northern flying squirrels, and a posttreatment abundance of 2.1 per 100 trap/nights for red squirrels and 0.2 per 100 trap/nights for northern flying squirrels. Type of rest site and amount of red squirrel reuse did not change after the island treatment, although the number of red squirrels located in rest sites increased with the island treatment. Most of the red squirrel locations occurred within the islands. Area of use by red squirrels did not change with island treatment. Type of rest site used by red squirrels and northern flying squirrels shifted after the total removal treatment from mostly witches' brooms to predominantly tree cavities. Area of use by red squirrels increased from 1.8 to 7.6 ha after the total removal treatment. Results suggest that retention of trees containing witches' brooms in small groups or islands offers an opportunity to retain rest site habitat, although northern flying abundance declined with both treatments. West. J. Appl. For. 19(2): 133–141.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Demboski, John R., Brandy K. Jacobsen, and Joseph A. Cook. "Implications of cytochrome b sequence variation for biogeography and conservation of the northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) of the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-116.

Full text

Abstract:

The Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska is a highly fragmented landscape that is suspected to support a relatively large number of endemic mammals. At least two subspecies of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) have been recognized from the region, the endemic Prince of Wales Island flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons, and the Alaska Coast flying squirrel, G. s. zaphaeus. We examined 56 northern flying squirrels from Alaska, Washington State, and Yukon Territory, using the DNA sequence from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to assess geographic variation. Flying squirrels from Washington were highly divergent (7.3%) from those of Alaska and Yukon Territory. Variation among Alaska and Yukon Territory populations was minimal, but five haplotypes were found. One predominantly "mainland" haplotype was widespread throughout Alaska, one island haplotype was confined to nine islands in southeast Alaska ("Prince of Wales complex"), and three haplotypes were unique. Flying squirrels of the Prince of Wales complex appear to be neoendemics and descended from a single founder population. Mitochondrial variation, although minimal, is consistent with the continued recognition of G. s. griseifrons. Our results, in light of increased habitat fragmentation in southeast Alaska, suggest that molecular data can provide important base-line information for effective management of insular populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Côté, Mathieu, and Jean Ferron. "Short-term use of different residual forest structures by three sciurid species in a clear-cut boreal landscape." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-116.

Full text

Abstract:

We compared the abundance of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben), northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw), and eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus L.) in three types of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) residual forest 3 to 5 years after logging (upland strips, riparian strips, and forest blocks) in central Quebec, Canada. Controls consisted of mature forest undisturbed by forestry practices. Despite their sporadic occurrence, northern flying squirrels and eastern chipmunks were captured in the three residual forest types as well as in control sites. Red squirrels inhabited all types of residual forest and no differences in densities were found between residual forest treatments and controls. Juvenile recruitment, return rate (survival), and body mass were also similar for red squirrels in all treatments. However, midden abundance was higher in controls and blocks than in strips. In the short term, red squirrel populations maintain themselves in all types of residual black spruce forests after logging. The northern flying squirrel and the eastern chipmunk appear to tolerate the presence of logging disturbances and are present at low density in the different types of residual forests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Espenshade, Jessica L., and Richard L. Stewart. "Prevalence of Strongyloides robustus in tree squirrels (Sciuridae) in South-Central Pennsylvania and potential impacts for the endangered northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus." Journal of Student Research 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v2i1.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Strongyloides robustus is a unique parasite that has conservation impacts for sciurid populations in North America. In some squirrel species, like the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans), the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), pathology is relatively benign. However in the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), S. robustus infestation can result in high mortality. The objective of this project was to survey the prevalence of S. robustus within the squirrel species currently found in south- central Pennsylvania so that the risk to the northern flying squirrel could be evaluated in light of the parasite mediated competition hypothesis. Fecal samples from eastern gray, red, and southern flying squirrels were obtained through nest boxes, road kills and hunting. A modified Sheather’s sugar floatation was prepared with a specific gravity of 1.27 to evaluate parasite prevalence. Ten of the 40 nest boxes examined had flying squirrel evidence in the form of feces deposited within the nest. Strongyloides robustus was present in 30% of the 10 samples. The prevalence of S. robustus was 77.3% in the 22 road-killed and hunter-killed eastern gray squirrels. The single hunter-killed red squirrel examined in this study demonstrated S. robustus infestation. This study evaluated infection in possible reservoirs that are understudied in Pennsylvania and supported the idea of parasite mediated competition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gonzales, E. K., Y. F. Wiersma, A. I. Maher, and T. D. Nudds. "Positive relationship between non-native and native squirrels in an urban landscape." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 5 (May 2008): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-006.

Full text

Abstract:

Paradoxically, non-native species sometimes displace native species that appear to be well adapted to local landscapes. That many landscapes have been altered by humans, creating habitat suitable for non-native species, helps explain this apparent paradox. We asked whether the abundance of native Douglas ( Tamiasciurus douglasii (Bachman, 1839)) and northern flying ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) squirrels was best explained by the abundance of non-native eastern grey squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788), the proportion of urban development, or both using available squirrel abundance data from wildlife shelters and land-use maps. There was no evidence that non-native squirrels replaced native squirrels given that their abundances were positively related, whereas native squirrels varied negatively with the amount of development. The best model explaining variation in the abundance of Douglas and northern flying squirrels incorporated both eastern grey squirrels and development, which is consistent with the hypothesis that regional declines in native squirrels are more likely to be predicated by the alteration of native conifer habitats by humans independent of the effects of non-native squirrels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Maser, Zane, Chris Maser, and James M. Trappe. "Food habits of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) in Oregon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-162.

Full text

Abstract:

Digestive tracts of 91 northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were analyzed for food items; 28 were from northwestern Oregon and 63 from northeastern Oregon. Ninety percent or more of the ingested materials were fungi and lichens, including 20 genera of hypogeous fungi. The northern flying squirrel, in using hypogeous fungi as a major food source, is an important nocturnal disperser of the spores. In Oregon coniferous forests, these fungi are obligatory ectomycorrhizal symbionts with the trees in which the squirrels live.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Oshida, Tatsuo, Chaudhry M. Shafique, Sohail Barkati, Masatoshi Yasuda, Nor Azman Hussein, Hideki Endo, Hisashi Yanagawa, and Ryuichi Masuda. "Phylogenetic position of the small Kashmir flying squirrel, Hylopetes fimbriatus (≡ Eoglaucomys fimbriatus), in the subfamily Pteromyinae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-108.

Full text

Abstract:

The phylogenetic relationships of flying squirrels (Pteromyinae) were studied by obtaining complete sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of eight Old World and two New World flying squirrel species, with special reference to the systematic and phylogenetic status among Hylopetes fimbriatus (Gray, 1837) (≡ Eoglaucomys fimbriatus (Gray, 1837)) from Pakistan, two Glaucomys Thomas, 1908 species from North America, and two Hylopetes Thomas, 1908 species from Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic trees supported clustering of (i) Belomys pearsonii (Gray, 1842), (ii) H. fimbriatus, the Glaucomys species, Hylopetes lepidus (Horsfield, 1823), and Hylopetes phayrei (Blyth, 1859), (iii) species of Pteromys G. Cuvier, 1800, and (iv) species of Petaurista Link, 1795. Early polytomic divergence among the flying squirrel genera could have taken place in the northern part of the Eurasian continent. The unclear divergence between the Old and New World flying squirrels shows that divergence among flying squirrel genera could have occurred before the formation of the Bering Strait. Hylopetes fimbriatus was more closely related to the two Glaucomys species than to H. lepidus or H. phayrei, supporting placement of the species fimbriatus in the monotypic genus Eoglaucomys Howell, 1915.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Pyare, Sanjay, and William S. Longland. "Mechanisms of truffle detection by northern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-069.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate how northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) locate truffles (Gautieria monticola), a subterranean and ephemeral but primary food source. Thus, we evaluated the importance of three factors to the foraging behavior of northern flying squirrels: (i) olfactory chemicals that emanate from truffles; (ii) the presence of coarse woody debris (decaying logs), which are often associated with fungi; and (iii) we explored the potential role animal memory could play in truffle detection as well. In a foraging arena, squirrels successfully retrieved buried truffles that lacked aboveground cues in 19 of 30 trials and failed to search near treatments that lacked truffles altogether, confirming the importance of olfaction to squirrel foraging. However, squirrels also retrieved truffles that were associated most frequently with surface logs (27 of 30). In addition, the initial detection rate of the truffle + log treatment was significantly greater than the truffle-only treatment. Thus, although squirrels search for truffles primarily using olfaction, they may also benefit by searching near coarse woody debris on the forest floor as an aboveground cue to truffle locations. In addition, because 82% of Sierra Nevada truffle-fruiting locations that were marked in 1996 yielded truffles again the following 2 years, mycophagous animals like northern flying squirrels may benefit by memorizing fruiting locations and foraging at these same locations from year to year.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Fridell, R. A., and J. A. Litvaitis. "Influence of resource distribution and abundance on home-range characteristics of southern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-365.

Full text

Abstract:

We compared the distribution and abundance of a major food resource (mast-producing trees) and potential den sites (snags) with the composition and size of summer home ranges of eight (four male, four female) southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans). Large hickories (Carya ovata) (> 16 cm diameter at breast height) and beeches (Fagus grandifolia) were more abundant in intensively used portions of squirrel home ranges than in random sites. Home ranges of male squirrels also contained greater densities of large red oaks (Quercus borealis) and large white oaks (Quercus alba) than did home ranges of females. Female flying squirrels occupied home ranges with a greater abundance of snags than did males. We suggest that females moved into areas with an abundance of potential dens and relatively low food resources while rearing young in response to competition for maternal dens, or to avoid contact with other squirrels. Home ranges of males were larger than those of females. Estimated home ranges in our study area (at the northern edge of the distribution of southern flying squirrels) were 1.5–20 times larger than estimates from regions to the south. Locally, home-range size was not correlated with the abundance of mast-producing trees. However, if viewed on a biogeographic scale, home-range size may be influenced by the abundance of mast-producing trees.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Desantis, Lanna M., Jeff Bowman, Erin Faught, Rudy Boonstra, Mathilakath M. Vijayan, and Gary Burness. "Corticosteroid-binding globulin levels in North American sciurids: implications for the flying squirrel stress axis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 10 (October 2018): 1090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0300.

Full text

Abstract:

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) helps to regulate tissue bioavailability of circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), and in most vertebrates, ≥80%–90% of GCs bind to this protein. New World flying squirrels have higher plasma total cortisol levels (the primary corticosteroid in sciurids) than most vertebrates. Recent research suggests that flying squirrels have either low amounts of CBG or CBG molecules that have a low binding affinity for cortisol, as this taxon appears to exhibit very low proportions of cortisol bound to CBG. To test whether CBG levels have been adjusted over evolutionary time, we assessed the levels of this protein in the plasma of northern (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) and southern (Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)) flying squirrels using immunoblotting, and compared the relative levels among three phylogenetically related species of sciurids. We also compared the pattern of CBG levels with cortisol levels for the same individuals. Flying squirrels had higher cortisol levels than the other species, but similar levels of CBG to their closest relatives (tree squirrels). We conclude that CBG levels in flying squirrels have not been adjusted over evolutionary time, and thus, the uncoupling of CBG levels from cortisol concentrations may represent an evolutionary modification in the lineage leading to New World flying squirrels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Stapp, Paul, Peter J. Pekins, and William W. Mautz. "Winter energy expenditure and the distribution of southern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-359.

Full text

Abstract:

The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) forms large aggregations inside nest-lined tree cavities to reduce exposure to winter temperatures. We measured oxygen consumption of individuals and grouped flying squirrels in Plexiglas and nest-box chambers in New Hampshire to determine savings provided by huddling and nest construction. Because G. volans breeds during late winter, we also measured energy expenditure of females during gestation and lactation. These data were used to construct daily energy budgets for flying squirrels during winter and to investigate the relationship between this species' cold tolerance and its current distribution. Flying squirrels had lower basal metabolism (0.95 cm3 O2∙g−1∙h−1) and rate of heat loss (0.11 cm3 O2∙g−1∙h−1∙ °C−1) than predicted according to mass. Peak reproductive costs (1 week postparturition) were 170% of nonbreeding requirements. At 9 °C, huddling in groups of three and six reduced energy expenditure by 27 and 36%, respectively. Compared with individuals without nests, nest insulation decreased heat loss by 37% for single squirrels and reduced lower critical temperature from 26.5 to 12.2 °C for groups of six. As estimated from our budget, aggregating reduces winter daily energy expenditure by 26–33%. At the northern range boundary, daily expenditure for squirrels using both aggregations and nests (2.5 times basal metabolism) and for females during peak lactation (3.9 times basal metabolism) was similar to estimates of maximal daily energy expenditure in the literature. We speculate that additional thermoregulatory costs and the decreased abundance of hard mast for winter caches prevent G. volans from occupying areas north of its current distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lian–Xian, H., and L. Harding. "Behaviour of Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista yunnanensis) at a mineral lick in Yunnan, China." TAPROBANICA 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2013): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v5i1.100.

Full text

Abstract:

In February 2012 one of us (Han) led an ecotour to Nankang Nature Reserve, west of the Nujiang (Salween) River, Baoshan Prefecture, Yunnan, and saw giant flying squirrels in the evening near the Nature Reserve headquarters. After hearing this, the Nature Reserve rangers began to take evening walks along the highway watching for flying squirrels, eventually discovering a mineral lick. In retrospect, the first observation in 2012 was evidently when the giant flying squirrels were approaching the lick site. On 24 February 2013 we observed the giant flying squirrels for about two hours, from 22:00 hr to midnight, as they approached the lick and returned from it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hughes, Bryan, Jeff Bowman, Naomi L. Stock, and Gary Burness. "Using mass spectrometry to investigate fluorescent compounds in squirrel fur." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): e0257156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257156.

Full text

Abstract:

While an array of taxa are capable of producing fluorescent pigments, fluorescence in mammals is a novel and poorly understood phenomenon. A first step towards understanding the potential adaptive functions of fluorescence in mammals is to develop an understanding of fluorescent compounds, or fluorophores, that are present in fluorescent tissue. Here we use Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) of flying squirrel fur known to fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light to identify potentially fluorescent compounds in squirrel fur. All of the potentially fluorescent compounds we identified were either present in non-fluorescent fur or were not present in all species of fluorescent flying squirrel. Therefore, we suggest that the compounds responsible for fluorescence in flying squirrels may also be present in non-fluorescent mammal fur. Some currently unexplained factor likely leads to excitation of fluorophores in flying squirrel fur. A recently suggested hypothesis that fluorescence in mammals is widely caused by porphyrins is consistent with our findings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Selonen, Vesa, Jaanus Remm, Ilpo K. Hanski, Heikki Henttonen, Otso Huitu, Maarit Jokinen, Erkki Korpimäki, Antero Mäkelä, Risto Sulkava, and Ralf Wistbacka. "Population fluctuations and spatial synchrony in an arboreal rodent." Oecologia 191, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04537-3.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Climatic conditions, trophic links between species and dispersal may induce spatial synchrony in population fluctuations. Spatial synchrony increases the extinction risk of populations and, thus, it is important to understand how synchrony-inducing mechanisms affect populations already threatened by habitat loss and climate change. For many species, it is unclear how population fluctuations vary over time and space, and what factors potentially drive this variation. In this study, we focus on factors determining population fluctuations and spatial synchrony in the Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans, using long-term monitoring data from 16 Finnish populations located 2–400 km apart. We found an indication of synchronous population dynamics on a large scale in flying squirrels. However, the synchrony was not found to be clearly related to distance between study sites because the populations seemed to be strongly affected by small-scale local factors. The regularity of population fluctuations varied over time. The fluctuations were linked to changes in winter precipitation, which has previously been linked to the reproductive success of flying squirrels. Food abundance (tree mast) and predator abundance were not related to population fluctuations in this study. We conclude that spatial synchrony was not unequivocally related to distance in flying squirrels, as has been observed in earlier studies for more abundant rodent species. Our study also emphasises the role of climate in population fluctuations and the synchrony of the species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rosenberg, Daniel K., and Robert G. Anthony. "Characteristics of northern flying squirrel populations in young second- and old-growth forests in western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-023.

Full text

Abstract:

We compared density, sex ratio, body mass, and annual recapture rate of northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) populations in second-growth and old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands in the Oregon Cascade Range. Densities averaged 2.0 and 2.3 squirrels/ha in second- and old-growth stands, respectively. Although densities varied between years within stands, average densities were similar between years. Body mass and annual recapture rate were similar between stand–age classes, although a higher proportion of females was recaptured in subsequent years in second-growth than in old-growth stands. Similarly, there was a higher proportion of females than males in second-growth but not in old-growth stands. Squirrel densities were not correlated with habitat characteristics; we concluded that flying squirrels may be habitat generalists, and not a species associated with old-growth stands, as was previously hypothesized. We suggest that studies be carried out with radiotelemetry to more accurately assess the habitat associations of this species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zabel, Cynthia J., Kevin McKelvey, and James P. Ward Jr. "Influence of primary prey on home-range size and habitat-use patterns of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-049.

Full text

Abstract:

Correlations between the home-range size of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) and proportion of their range in old-growth forest have been reported, but there are few data on the relationship between their home-range size and prey. The primary prey of spotted owls are wood rats and northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus). Wood rats are larger and heavier than flying squirrels, and their population densities tend to be much greater than those of flying squirrels. We present data indicating that the home ranges of spotted owls are smaller where their diet consists predominantly of wood rats than where it consists predominantly of flying squirrels, and the proportion of the diet consisting of wood rats and flying squirrels explained significant variation in home-range size. We also found a significant correlation between home-range size and abundance of wood rats. These data indicate that prey species are a better predictor of home-range size than the proportion of older forest within spotted owl home ranges in the Klamath Province of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, an area that is predominantly late-successional forest. Differences in habitat use were also related to prey species. Where spotted owls foraged for wood rats, the results indicated a preference for habitat edges, but where they utilized flying squirrels no such patterns were apparent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bakker, V. J., and K. Hastings. "Den trees used by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in southeastern Alaska." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-155.

Full text

Abstract:

Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) dens are reportedly associated with features characteristic of older forests, and den availability is a potential limiting factor in younger forests. We assessed den sites used by northern flying squirrels in southeastern Alaska, where we expected den-site selection to differ from more southerly forests, owing to increased thermal stress but reduced predation and competition. We located 27 squirrels in 76 dens and compared den trees with 1875 matched random trees. Most dens ([Formula: see text]73%) were in cavities and 21% were at heights of [Formula: see text]3 m. This high rate of cavity use, including cavities low in the bole, likely reflects the importance of weatherproof dens in this cool wet region. Northern flying squirrels preferentially used trees with indicators of cavity presence, selecting for snags and for larger diameter trees with bole entries, conks, abundant mistletoe, and dead tops. Although cavity availability is probably not limiting populations in this region currently, cavity-supporting trees would be one of the last elements of old-growth forests to develop in intensively logged stands. Retention of small groups of large snags and live trees exhibiting evidence of disease or physical defects would ensure availability of denning structures after logging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Pal, Ranjana, Shagun Thakur, Tapajit Bhattacharya, and Sambandam Sathyakumar. "Range extension and high elevation record for the endangered woolly flying squirrel Eupetaurus cinereus in Western Himalaya, India." Mammalia 83, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0097.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus Thomas, 1888) is one of the least-known endangered mammals of the Himalayas and recorded only from few localities at 2400–3600 m in Hindu Kush and North-Western Himalayas. We report first confirmed record of this species from Upper Bhagirathi Basin, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. The squirrel was photo-captured twice in camera traps placed in temperate and alpine habitats. The photo-capture at 4800 m is higher than the described upper elevation range limit of any other flying squirrels. Continuous monitoring would reveal the extent of threats to this rare species in its newly described range.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Flaherty, E. A., W. P. Smith, S. Pyare, and M. Ben-David. "Experimental trials of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) traversing managed rainforest landscapes: perceptual range and fine-scale movements." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 9 (September 2008): 1050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-084.

Full text

Abstract:

Successful dispersal in many species may be a function of the distance at which animals can perceive a particular landscape feature (i.e., perceptual range), as well as energetic costs associated with traversing the distance towards that feature. We used a model, relating perceptual range to body size of mammals, to predict the perceptual range of the northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) in fragmented forests of Southeast Alaska. We hypothesized that the perceptual range of flying squirrels would be 325.5–356.5 m in clearcuts and 159.7–174.9 m in second-growth stands. The distance advantage in clearcuts may, however, be lost if the cost of transport in that habitat is higher. Our results suggest that as heuristically predicted by the model, the perceptual range of flying squirrels was greater in clearcut habitats than in second-growth stands. Nonetheless, for both habitats the actual perceptual range was significantly shorter than predicted by the model. We found that precipitation, and associated cloud cover and illumination, and wind speed, which affect olfaction capabilities, influenced orientation success. Although squirrels more often oriented towards the forest edge in clearcuts, they paused more often during their movements, which may lead to higher costs of dispersing through this habitat. The application of the mass-based model to nonagricultural landscapes should be done with caution, and variables such as wind and illumination be measured concurrently. Our data illustrate that dispersing squirrels likely will not venture into managed habitats because logging creates clearcuts larger than the perceptual range of these mammals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dubay, S. A., G. D. Hayward, and C. Martínez del Rio. "Nutritional value and diet preference of arboreal lichens and hypogeous fungi for small mammals in the Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 8 (August 2008): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-054.

Full text

Abstract:

Many small mammals consume lichen and fungi, but southern red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)) and northern flying squirrels ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) exhibit strong mycophagy compared with other North American taxa. We analyzed nutrient content of lichen and fungi and observed feeding preferences of voles and flying squirrels to understand the foraging behavior of these mammals and their strategy for surviving on relatively low-quality diets dominated by lichen and fungi. We analyzed nutrient characteristics of 10 hypogeous (fruiting belowground) fungi and four arboreal lichens eaten by red-backed voles and northern flying squirrels in the Rocky Mountains. Hypogeous fungi contained higher nitrogen, lipid, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, potassium, and phosphorous concentrations than arboreal lichens, but lichens were higher in calcium. To assess diet preferences, 10 pairwise feeding trials using four hypogeous fungi and two arboreal lichens were conducted with voles and seven trials using three hypogeous fungi and two lichens were conducted with squirrels. In general, squirrels and voles preferred hypogeous fungi over arboreal lichens. We then calculated dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities for flying squirrels and red-backed voles fed diets of arboreal lichen and hypogeous fungi. Overall mean dry matter digestibilities were ≥70% for all diets. For hypogeous fungi, nitrogen digestibility was 12.3% and 24.9% for squirrels and voles, respectively, suggesting that most nitrogen was indigestible. Animals maintained positive nitrogen balance when fed fungi but were unable to maintain positive nitrogen balance when fed lichens. Maintenance nitrogen requirements for flying squirrels were lower than predicted. Low requirements may allow for increased consumption of lichen in winter, but lichen diets must be supplemented with a source of nitrogen because animals were unable to maintain nitrogen balance when fed lichen alone. Consumption of numerous fungi and lichen taxa is necessary to sustain these animals year-round.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Howard, Jeremy M. "Gap Crossing in Flying Squirrels: Mitigating Movement Barriers through Landscape Management and Structural Implementation." Forests 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122027.

Full text

Abstract:

Habitat fragmentation affects flying squirrels despite their ability to cross canopy gaps. If unable to cross gaps, flying squirrels may suffer from limited access to appropriate resources, inbreeding depression, and even extirpation. North American flying squirrels (Glaucomys) have been the focus of limited research on this issue when compared to other areas of the world tackling this problem. However, as all gliding mammals share similar conservation challenges, findings of other species on other continents can be applied to the Glaucomys species in North America. The purpose of this review is to take a metapopulation approach to the problem of gap crossing. This review first discusses necessary habitat conservation strategies for Glaucomys within the patches they reside. The review then discusses patch size and configuration, honing in on maintaining connectivity between habitat patches. Different structures (natural and manmade) used to maintain connectivity are reviewed using gliding mammal literature from around the world. This information is pertinent to North American conservation ecologists and landscape managers, who can use this information to improve habitat connectivity and facilitate crossings of Glaucomys flying squirrels within metapopulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Desantis, Lanna M., Jeff Bowman, Candace V. Lahoda, Rudy Boonstra, and Gary Burness. "Responses of New World flying squirrels to the acute stress of capture and handling." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv156.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Northern ( Glaucomys sabrinus ) and southern ( G. volans ) flying squirrels have glucocorticoid (GC; stress hormone) levels higher than most vertebrates but virtually no binding capacity for these GCs via the carrier protein, corticosteroid-binding globulin. Thus, their total GCs are essentially all free and biologically active. However, the GC estimates come from blood samples taken after squirrels had been in live traps, and thus in a stress-induced state. Obtaining baseline values for physiological variables is valuable for assessing the response of vertebrates to stressors in their environment. We compared baseline plasma total cortisol levels (within 3min of capture) to stress-induced levels (after 30min of trap restraint) in both flying squirrel species. We recorded baseline cortisol levels that were some of the highest ever reported for mammals, indicating their stress axes operate at a higher set point than most other species. As part of the stress response, we also measured 4 indices in addition to cortisol. Total cortisol and free fatty acids increased in both species, as predicted. In contrast with our predictions, blood glucose and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio showed no overall change, and hematocrit decreased significantly. New World flying squirrels therefore appear to have a stress response that differs from many other mammals. The selective forces driving the physiology of these animals remain elusive, but this lineage may provide an interesting comparative system for the study of stress axis function and its evolution among vertebrates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Weldy, Matthew J., Todd M. Wilson, Damon B. Lesmeister, and Clinton W. Epps. "Effects of trapping effort and trap placement on estimating abundance of Humboldt’s flying squirrels." PeerJ 7 (October 3, 2019): e7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7783.

Full text

Abstract:

Live trapping is a common tool used to assess demography of small mammals. However, live-trapping is often expensive and stressful to captured individuals. Thus, assessing the relative tradeoffs among study goals, project expenses, and animal well-being is necessary. Here, we evaluated how apparent bias and precision of estimates for apparent annual survival, abundance, capture probability, and recapture probability of Humboldt’s flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) varied with the number of secondary trapping occasions. We used data from forested sites trapped on 12 consecutive occasions annually in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (9 sites, 6 years) and the Siuslaw National Forest (seven sites, three years) in Oregon. We used Huggins robust design models to estimate parameters of interest for the first 4, 8, and 12 trapping occasions. We also estimated the effect of attaching Tomahawk traps to tree boles on site- and year-specific flying squirrel capture frequencies. Our estimates with 12 occasions were similar to those from previous studies. Abundances and capture probabilities were variable among years on both sites; however, variation was much lower on the Siuslaw sites. Reducing the length of primary trapping occasions from 12 to 8 nights had very little impact on parameter estimates, but further reducing the length of primary trapping occasions to four nights caused substantial apparent bias in parameter estimates and decreased precision. We found that attaching Tomahawk traps to tree boles increased the site- and year-specific capture frequency of flying squirrels. Our results suggest that live-trapping studies targeting Humboldt’s flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest of the United States could reduce per-site costs and stress to captured individuals without biasing estimates by reducing the length of primary trapping occasions to 8 nights. We encourage similar analyses for other commonly-trapped species in these and other ecosystems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Bowman, Jeff, Gillian L. Holloway, Jay R. Malcolm, Kevin R. Middel, and Paul J. Wilson. "Northern range boundary dynamics of southern flying squirrels: evidence of an energetic bottleneck." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-144.

Full text

Abstract:

We undertook a large-scale survey of the distribution of northern, Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801), and southern, Glaucomys volans (L., 1758), flying squirrels in Ontario, Canada. Livetrapping was conducted along a north–south transect spanning about 500 km, from 42.5°N to 47.2°N. During 2002–2004, we conducted 42 971 trap-nights at 26 sites and captured 232 northern and 538 southern flying squirrels. During 2002 and 2003, southern flying squirrels occurred >200 km farther north than we expected. However, the range of this species appeared to contract to the south by about 240 km after the winter of 2004. Weather and food data suggested that cold temperatures during January and February 2004 combined with a failed mast crop in the autumn of 2003 resulted in an energetic bottleneck and subsequent population crash. We speculate that prior to 2004 southern flying squirrels had expanded their geographic range in response to recent climate warming. In particular, the nine winters between 1994 and 2004 were relatively warm. By measuring the range expansion over this warm interval, we were able to estimate a rate of spread of 22 km per year, and a diffusion coefficient of 6.9 × 107 m2 per generation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Harestad, Alton S. "Nest Site Selection by Northern Flying Squirrels and Douglas Squirrels." Northwestern Naturalist 71, no. 2 (1990): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3536588.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Murrant, Meghan N., Jeff Bowman, Colin J. Garroway, Brian Prinzen, Heather Mayberry, and Paul A. Faure. "Ultrasonic Vocalizations Emitted by Flying Squirrels." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 29, 2013): e73045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Alderman, Sarah. "Why cortisol soars in flying squirrels." Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. 19 (October 1, 2018): jeb170225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.170225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Bradley, Jeffrey E., and John M. Marzluff. "Rodents as Nest Predators: Influences on Predatory Behavior and Consequences to Nesting Birds." Auk 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 1180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.4.1180.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Nest predation is the primary cause of nest failure among birds. As such, it has large consequences on avian populations and is believed to be an important force in the evolution of avian life-history traits. Therefore, using a combination of laboratory and field research, we investigated the potential of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and two species of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. keeni) to be predators on eggs and nestlings of birds, particularly the threatened, canopy nesting Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). In captivity, both mice and squirrels atempted to prey on eggs and live nestlings of various sizes. Mice atempted to prey on eggs more than nestlings, were more likely to atack nestlings when hungry than when sated, and were more likely to atack small than large nestlings. Individual flying squirrels varied in their propensity to atack but generally were more likely to atempt to open eggs when hungry than when sated. Opening of eggs by both mice and squirrels was limited by egg size. Video monitoring of artificial nests containing live nestlings confirmed that mice prey on large nestlings at canopy nests in Washington State's temperate rainforest. We conclude that mice and flying squirrels are predators of canopy nesting passerines, and their potential as nest predators must be considered to understand the consequences of nest predation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Smith, Winston P. "Flying Squirrel Demography Varies between Island Communities with and without Red Squirrels." Northwest Science 86, no. 1 (January 2012): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0103.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Weldy, Matt, Clinton W. Epps, Damon B. Lesmeister, Tom Manning, and Eric D. Forsman. "Spatiotemporal dynamics in vital rates of Humboldt’s flying squirrels and Townsend’s chipmunks in a late-successional forest." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz204.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Knowledge of the spatiotemporal variability of abundance and vital rates is essential to the conservation of wildlife populations. In Pacific Northwest forests, previous small mammal research has focused on estimating abundance; few studies have focused on vital rates. We used robust design temporal symmetry models and live-trapping data collected 2011–2016 at nine sites to estimate apparent annual survival, population growth rate, and recruitment of Humboldt’s flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) and Townsend’s chipmunks (Neotamias townsendii) in a late-successional forest of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, United States. We also estimated the proportional contribution of apparent annual survival and recruitment to population growth rate. Covariates previously associated with abundance were also associated with vital rates for Townsend’s chipmunks, but less so for Humboldt’s flying squirrels. Apparent annual survival was nearly constant (range = 0.47 to 0.51) among years and sites for Humboldt’s flying squirrels but was consistently lower and more variable among years for Townsend’s chipmunks (range = 0.13 to 0.31). Recruitment was variable among years for both species. Apparent annual survival generally contributed more than recruitment to the population growth rate of Humboldt’s flying squirrels. For Townsend’s chipmunks, recruitment consistently contributed more than apparent annual survival to population growth rate. These findings suggest that life history strategies differed for these co-occurring species. This study demonstrates substantial temporal variation in vital rates and some differences in abundance and vital rate habitat associations, suggesting that habitat suitability inferences based on short time series or variation in abundance could be misleading.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

GARROWAY, COLIN J., JEFF BOWMAN, TARA J. CASCADEN, GILLIAN L. HOLLOWAY, CAROLYN G. MAHAN, JAY R. MALCOLM, MICHAEL A. STEELE, GREGORY TURNER, and PAUL J. WILSON. "Climate change induced hybridization in flying squirrels." Global Change Biology 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01948.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Reunanen, Pasi, Mikko Mönkkönen, and Ari Nikula. "Managing Boreal Forest Landscapes for Flying Squirrels." Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (February 2000): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98387.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Selonen, V., and I. K. Hanski. "Decision making in dispersing Siberian flying squirrels." Behavioral Ecology 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Miard, Priscillia, Mohd Nur Arifuddin, Izereen Mukri, Siti Syuhada Sapno, Hafiz Yazid, Nadine Ruppert, and Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran. "Sighting of Petaurista petaurista (Pallas, 1766) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) on limestone hills in Merapoh, Malaysia." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 15355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5419.12.3.15355-15358.

Full text

Abstract:

Flying squirrels are poorly studied nocturnal mammals as their elusive and nocturnal behaviour makes it hard to observe them in the wild. Here, we describe sightings of Petaurista petaurista on a limestone hill and its foot at Merapoh, Pahang, Malaysia. This is the first report as the species is usually known to inhabit forest habitat. We observed the first squirrel resting on a steep limestone wall at night. During subsequent nights, three individuals were observed feeding on Ficus hispida and Terminalia catappa fruits on the foot of the hill in nearby trees. These sightings suggest that P. petaurista may use limestone hill habitat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Menzel, Jennifer M., W. Mark Ford, John W. Edwards, and Tamara M. Terry. "Home range and habitat use of the Vulnerable Virginia northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus in the Central Appalachian Mountains, USA." Oryx 40, no. 2 (April 2006): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306000494.

Full text

Abstract:

The Virginia northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus is a Vulnerable sciurid that has experienced a 90% reduction of suitable high elevation boreal montane forest habitat over the last century in the central Appalachians of West Virginia and Virginia, USA. Using radiotelemetry and GIS analyses we examined the species' home range size and habitat use in the Monongahela National Forest, Kumbrabow State Forest and the MeadWestvaco Ecosystem Research Forest in West Virginia during the summers of 2000–2003. The mean home range sizes of male and female squirrels were 54.2 and 15.3 ha, respectively, based on the adaptive kernel method. Euclidean distance analysis indicated the squirrels used spruce, mixed spruce-northern hardwood, and open habitats more than was available across the landscape. Selection of spruce and mixed spruce-northern hardwood habitats indicates that forest management activities designed to restore and increase these types in the central Appalachian landscape are required to conserve and increase this Vulnerable species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kruskop, Sergei V., Alexei V. Abramov, Vladimir S. Lebedev, and Anna A. Bannikova. "Uncertainties in Systematics of Flying Squirrels (Pteromyini, Rodentia): Implications from a New Record from Vietnam." Diversity 14, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080610.

Full text

Abstract:

Taxonomic status of gliding squirrels belonging to the “northern” form of Petinomys setosus known from N. Burma and Thailand has been controversial. Earlier it was assigned to a distinct genus Olisthomys, however, currently it is synonymized with P. setosus s. str. from Sumatra and Borneo Islands, and Malay Peninsula. A squirrel collected in Song Hinh forest (Phu Yen Province, south central Vietnam) was examined genetically using sequence data on three mitochondrial genes (cytb, 12S, 16S) and one nuclear (IRBP) gene. The molecular results demonstrated that this squirrel is significantly divergent from the other examined specimens of Petinomys and belongs to a separate genetic lineage within the Glaucomyina clade. The obtained phylogenetic pattern supports recognition of Olisthomys as a valid genus; however, to confirm this conclusion a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Petinomys and related genera is required. The reconsideration of taxonomic position of the “northern” P. setosus also raises the question of the conservation status of this taxon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rosenberg, Daniel K., Keith A. Swindle, and Robert G. Anthony. "Influence of prey abundance on northern spotted owl reproductive success in western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-167.

Full text

Abstract:

The hypothesis that high temporal variability of northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) reproductive success is a response to prey abundance remains largely untested. We evaluated this relationship in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Despite similar biomass of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) (169 ± 13.9 g/ha) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) (160 ± 18.8 g/ha), flying squirrels dominated the breeding season diet based on both biomass (49%) and numbers (40%). Abundance of flying squirrels and western red-backed voles (Clethrionomys californicus) was more variable spatially ([Formula: see text]38% of process variation) than temporally (15%–24%), whereas abundance of deer mice was more similar across stands (12% spatial variation) than among years (68% temporal variation). Spotted owl reproductive success was statistically associated only with the abundance of deer mice (number of young per territory: r2 = 0.68). However, deer mice comprised only 1.6 ± 0.5% of the biomass consumed. The low temporal variability of the dominant prey species provided evidence that simple prey relationship models were not likely to explain the highly synchronous and temporally dynamic patterns of spotted owl reproductive performance. Reproductive success was likely a result of the interaction of both weather and prey and the life history strategy of this long-lived owl.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Shimamoto, Tatsuki, Kei K. Suzuki, Mizuho Hamada, Ryuji Furukawa, Motozumi Matsui, and Hisashi Yanagawa. "FECAL PROGESTERONE METABOLITES IN POSTPARTUM SIBERIAN FLYING SQUIRRELS." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2016-0273r2.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Merritt, Joseph F., David A. Zegers, and Lynda R. Rose. "SEASONAL THERMOGENESIS OF SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS (GLAUCOMYS VOLANS)." Journal of Mammalogy 82, no. 1 (February 2001): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0051:stosfs>2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Layne, J. N., and M. A. V. Raymond. "Communal Nesting of Southern Flying Squirrels in Florida." Journal of Mammalogy 75, no. 1 (February 18, 1994): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382242.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Thorington, R. W., K. Darrow, and C. G. Anderson. "Wing Tip Anatomy and Aerodynamics in Flying Squirrels." Journal of Mammalogy 79, no. 1 (February 20, 1998): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382860.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Merritt, J. F., D. A. Zegers, and L. R. Rose. "Seasonal Thermogenesis of Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys volans)." Journal of Mammalogy 82, no. 1 (February 27, 2001): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/82.1.51.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Boulerice, Jesse T., and Laurie A. Van Fleet. "A novel technique for detecting northern flying squirrels." Wildlife Society Bulletin 40, no. 4 (October 18, 2016): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.701.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zheng, Tongyi, and Weili Luo. "An Improved Squirrel Search Algorithm for Optimization." Complexity 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6291968.

Full text

Abstract:

Squirrel search algorithm (SSA) is a new biological-inspired optimization algorithm, which has been proved to be more effective for solving unimodal, multimodal, and multidimensional optimization problems. However, similar to other swarm intelligence-based algorithms, SSA also has its own disadvantages. In order to get better global convergence ability, an improved version of SSA called ISSA is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an adaptive strategy of predator presence probability is proposed to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm. Secondly, a normal cloud model is introduced to describe the randomness and fuzziness of the foraging behavior of flying squirrels. Thirdly, a selection strategy between successive positions is incorporated to preserve the best position of flying squirrel individuals. Finally, in order to enhance the local search ability of the algorithm, a dimensional search enhancement strategy is utilized. 32 benchmark functions including unimodal, multimodal, and CEC 2014 functions are used to test the global search ability of the proposed ISSA. Experimental test results indicate that ISSA provides competitive performance compared with the basic SSA and other four well-known state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Diggins, Corinne A., Alexander Silvis, Christine A. Kelly, and W. Mark Ford. "Home range, den selection and habitat use of Carolina northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus)." Wildlife Research 44, no. 5 (2017): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16203.

Full text

Abstract:

Context Understanding habitat selection is important for determining conservation and management strategies for endangered species. The Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) is an endangered subspecies found in the high-elevation montane forests of the southern Appalachians, USA. The primary use of nest boxes to monitor CNFS has provided biased information on habitat use for this subspecies, as nest boxes are typically placed in suitable denning habitat. Aims We conducted a radio-telemetry study on CNFS to determine home range, den site selection and habitat use at multiple spatial scales. Methods We radio-collared 21 CNFS in 2012 and 2014–15. We tracked squirrels to diurnal den sites and during night-time activity. Key results The MCP (minimum convex polygon) home range at 95% for males was 5.2±1.2ha and for females was 4.0±0.7. The BRB (biased random bridge) home range at 95% for males was 10.8±3.8ha and for females was 8.3±2.1. Den site (n=81) selection occurred more frequently in montane conifer dominate forests (81.4%) vs northern hardwood forests or conifer–northern hardwood forests (9.9% and 8.7%, respectively). We assessed habitat selection using Euclidean distance-based analysis at the 2nd order and 3rd order scale. We found that squirrels were non-randomly selecting for habitat at both 2nd and 3rd order scales. Conclusions At both spatial scales, CNFS preferentially selected for montane conifer forests more than expected based on availability on the landscape. Squirrels selected neither for nor against northern hardwood forests, regardless of availability on the landscape. Additionally, CNFS denned in montane conifer forests more than other habitat types. Implications Our results highlight the importance of montane conifer to CNFS in the southern Appalachians. Management and restoration activities that increase the quality, connectivity and extent of this naturally rare forest type may be important for long-term conservation of this subspecies, especially with the impending threat of anthropogenic climate change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Brady, Matthew J., Thomas S. Risch, and F. Stephen Dobson. "Availability of nest sites does not limit population size of southern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-048.

Full text

Abstract:

Among factors that may limit population size, nest site is generally considered important for cavity-nesting species. We tested the hypothesis that nest-site availability limits population size in the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) by examining the effect of experimentally increasing the number of nest sites. We compared population sizes before and after adding 100 nest boxes (high-quality nests, increasing overall nest density by at least about 65%) on each of three experimental sites on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We also compared the experimental populations with three reference (unmanipulated) sites in a paired-block experimental design. All six populations were similarly monitored with livetrapping grids, and flying squirrels readily nested in the supplemental boxes. We predicted that population size would increase where nest sites were added. No increases in population size were observed after nest boxes were added to the three experimental sites, however, nor were populations higher on the experimental sites than on the reference sites. The lack of increase in population size after nest boxes were added demonstrates that the availability of nest sites was not limiting the size of these populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Flying squirrels'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles