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Academic literature on the topic 'Flysch horizons'
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Journal articles on the topic "Flysch horizons"
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Šamonil, Pavel, Barbora Šebková, Jan Douda, and Tomáš Vrška. "Role of position within the windthrow in forest floor chemistry in the flysch zone of the Carpathians." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 6 (June 2008): 1646–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-004.
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A hypothesis was verified that forest floor chemistry varies according to position within the windthrow (mound, pit, or control). A parallel assessment was made of differences in the chemistry of horizons and their forms. A total number of 1720 windthrows were studied in the fir–beech primeval forest in the flysch zone of the Western Carpathians. A total of 100 samples were taken on three positions from the following horizons and their forms (in brackets): litter, fermented (amphigenous, zoogenous, or mycogenous), humification (unresolved, zoogenous, residues, or humic), and mineral. A random sampling eliminated the effect of correlation between the horizons and positions. Parameters assessed were Q4/6, HA/FA, C-forms, total N, P, K, and Mg contents, soil reaction, and cation-exchange capacity. The positions exhibited a significant difference in the forest floor chemistry even at a level of horizon forms. The position’s significance decreased with the horizon depth. Organic horizons in the pit, in particular, exhibited the lowest content of total humic substances, fulvic acids, and the lowest colour coefficient values. However, the mineral horizon showed no significant differences between the positions within the windthrow. Compared with other humus types, the decomposing wood mass did not exhibit a different ratio of humic and fulvic acids.
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ΣΚΟΥΡΤΣΟΣ, Ε., Α. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Α. ΖΑΜΠΕΤΑΚΗ-ΛΕΚΚΑ, and Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ. "The occurrence of the Internal Hellenides on Parnon mountain range, Centraleastern Peloponnesus." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16942.
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Detailed mapping of the Parnon mountain range (centraleastern Peloponnesus) showed that over the already well-identified alpine units, which consist the principal mass of Peloponnesus, lies a clastic flysch-type formation, named by the authors as Glypia unit (nappe). This unit encounters in the broader area of Paleochori-Ag. Vasilios, west to the town of Leonidio. The northern margin of the exposure overlies tectonically the Upper Cretaceous limestones of Pindos unit whereas at the eastern, southern and western margins it overlies the Upper Cretaceous - Eocene limestones and the transitional to flysch formation of Tripolis unit through an normal fault. The principal flysch mass is consisted of reddish to brownish and greenish alterations of pelitic horizons, yellowish marly limestones and greenish coarse-grained sandstones. The grains of the latter have been derived from the erosion of a metamorphic exposure, most probably corresponding to 'Pelagonian' zone. After fossil determination, which took place on some of the horizons of the marly limestones, they turn out to be of Danian age. The occurrence of exotic blocks within the flysch matrix of the Glypia unit is quite often. They have derived from carbonate formations of Upper Cretaceous age with either pelagic or neritic character, carbonate formations of Permian age with a neritic character, dolomitic breccias, radiolarites, basaltic lavas along with reddish or greenish pelites and microbrecciated limestones of Upper Creataceous age and, coming to the end, serpentinites along with greenish pelites, sandstones and microbrecciated limestones of unknown age. The study of the tectonic fabric of the Glypia unit reveals an early compressional tectonic event, which has been overprinted by an intense extensional episode of NE-SW orientation. The latter has caused a significant thinning of the unit. The combination of the above mentioned data provides strong evidence, which integrates to the conclusion that the Glypia unit represents a similar unit either to the Ermioni complex in Argolis or to the nappe of Arvi and Miamou in Crete.
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Zambetakis - Lekkas, A., and A. Kemeridou. "LOFTUSIA CF. ANATOLICA HORIZON IN UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN LIMESTONES OF THE EASTERN GREECE PLATFORM (MOUNT PTOON, BOEOTIA, GREECE): PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16818.
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Researches on upper Cretaceous limestones from the Eastern Greece platform in the area between Kokkinon and Akrefnion (Boeotia, Greece) revealed the presence of a horizon rich in Loftusia cf. anatolica (foraminifer). In this horizon, of late Maastrichtian age, L. cf. anatolica is associated with debris of Rudists, Orbitoides media, O. apiculata, O. gensacicus, Siderolites calcitrapoides, Omphalocyclus macroporus, Hellenocyclina beotica, Miliolidae, Dasycladaceae and echinoderms. It is found in an undisturbed sequence of limestones, where both the underlying and the overlying horizons are of the same facies and contain debris of Rudists, Hellenocyclina beotica, Orbitoides media, Siderolites calcitrapoides, Sulcoperculina sp., Rotaliidae, Mélobesiées,Nummofallotia sp., echinoderms. L. cf. anatolica is confined in the above mentioned horizon and it is found neither in the underlying nor in the overlying beds. This fades reflects an outer shelf environment in front of the rudist reefs. It is the first time that this species is reported in situ in Greece in an undisturbed stratigraphie sequence of upper Cretaceous limestones up to Paleocene flysch.
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Samec, Pavel, Tomáš Mikita, and Aleš Bajer. "Catenas of Grain Size and Chemical Forest Soil Properties in Outer Western Carpathians of the Czech Republic Characterized by Principal Component Analysis." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 3 (2019): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967030733.
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More frequent occurence of hillwashes in altitudinal‑differentiated landscapes causes changes of relationships among terrain, bedrock and soils. The aim of the study was to characterize catenas of the terrain‑bedrock‑soil relationships by PCA of forest soil properties generalized into 2 × 2 km grid in Outer Western Carpathians (OWC) of the Czech Republic. The spatial relationships of the soil catenas with terrain and rocks were verified by ANOVA. Typification of the catenas was carried out by frequencies in the presented terrain and bedrock types according to biogeographical division system. Base saturation, CaO and P2O5 divide forest soils in OWC to ten catenas. The catenas characterized by moderate correspondence of soils and bedrock are concentrated in Outer Depressions, while catenas with moderate correspondence of soils and terrain are concentrated in Flysch Range. The Outer Carpathian Depressions are covered predominantly by floodplains, flat waterlogged, loess‑covered and luvic hillycountries (67% of the grid). The Flysch Range is covered predominantly by proluvial slopes, broken hillcountries and submountain to mountain slopes (65% of the grid). The Floodplains, broken nutrient‑medium hillycountries and mountain slopes have medium to marked soil horizon properties heterogeneity. The flat landforms, proluvial and submountain slopes have moderate soil properties heterogeneity. The statistical significant differences between values of properties at A and B horizons suggest rate of an surface matter translocation effect on the soil catena heterogeneity.
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Błońska, Ewa, Kazimierz Januszek, Stanisław Małek, and Tomasz Wanic. "Effects of serpentinite fertilizer on the chemical properties and enzyme activity of young spruce soils." International Agrophysics 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0015.
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AbstractThe experimental plots used in the study were located in the middle forest zone (elevation: 900-950 m a.s.l.) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians in southern Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serpentinite in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on selected chemical properties of the soil and activity of dehydrogenase and urease in the studied soils. All fertilizer treatments significantly enriched the tested soils in magnesium. The use of serpentinite as a fertilizer reduced the molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, which facilitated the uptake of magnesium by tree roots due to competition between calcium and magnesium. After one year of fertilization on the Wisła experimental plot, the pH of the Ofh horizon increased, while the pH of the mineral horizons significantly decreased. Enrichment of serpentinite with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers stimulated the dehydrogenase activity in the studied organic horizon. The lack of a negative effect of the serpentinite fertilizer on enzyme activity in the spruce stand soil showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals added to the soil were not high enough to be toxic and indicated the feasibility of using this fertilizer in forestry.
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Karmis, P. D., P. Giannoulopoulos, and P. Tsombos. "GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT NAFPLION CITY, GREECE. HYDROGEOLOGICAL IMPLICATION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11319.
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The application of selected geophysical methods within the framework of an Urban Geology investigation program performed by IGME at Nafplion city, contributed to the overall geo-scientific characterization of the study area. The methodology adopted included the application of Time Domain Electromagnetic, Electrical resistivity tomography, Gravity and Seismic Crosshole surveys. The results of the geophysical investigation provided quantitative information regarding the distribution of seawater intrusion in the area and determined factors controlling its extent within the investigated region. The intrusion may occur in three distinct horizons. The first within the shallow unconfined aquifer within the top 12 meters of fluvial deposits showing values of electrical conductivity in the range of 1 and 4 Siemens/m, corresponding to TDS values between 5000 and 20000 mg/L, as determined by the TEM surveys. Lower conductivity values between 0.3 and 1 Siemens/m are found within the second aquifer occurring between 15 and 45 meters. Similar order of conductivity values are found within the deeper horizon, lying below 45 meters depth, attributed also to seawater intrusion mainly in carbonate formations. Areas of fresh groundwater, were delineated by a combination of TEM, ERT and gravity methods. These areas are structurally controlled by faults and the presence of impermeable flysch overlying the limestone formation.
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Miechówka, Anna, Tomasz Zaleski, and Elżbieta Kowalczyk. "Profilowe zróżnicowanie form żelaza i glinu w glebach pod świerczyn górnoreglową Plagiothecio-Piccetum tatricum w Gorcach jako wskaźnik aktualnych procesów glebotwórczych / Distribution of Iron and Aluminum Forms as an Indicator of Present-Day Soil-Forming Processes in Soil Profiles under Wooded Spruce Plagiothecio-Piccetum Tatricum in the Gorce Mts. (Southern Poland)." Soil Science Annual 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0028.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine soil-forming processes in soils formed from the Magura sandstones (Carpathian flysch) under wooded spruce Plagiothecio-Piccetum tatricum in the Gorce Mts., southern Poland. The research focused on distribution of non-silicate forms of iron and aluminum in soil profiles. The content of pyrophosphate, oxalate, and dithionite phases of iron and aluminum in the genetic horizons of four soil profiles was measured and selected pedogenic factors were calculated. Based on the obtained results podzolization and brunification are dominant soil-forming processes in the studied soils. The brunification effect was more common in the soils under the large share of Athyrium distentifolium, whereas podzolization predominates in the soils where Vaccinium myrtillus prevails in forest floor. Studied soils were classified as Dystric Endoskeletic Cambisol (Loamic, Humic), Dystric Cambisol (Siltic, Humic) and Skeletic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic).
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Μαρίνος, Π., T. Χριστοδουλοπούλου, and Β. Περλέρος. "SHEARD CLAYEY SHALES OF FLYSCH. THEIR BEHAVIOR DURING THE EXCAVATION OF THE DIVERSION TUNNEL OF GADOURA DAM IN RHODES (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16637.
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This paper deals with the particular geological-geotechnical conditions that predominate in the construction area of the diversion tunnel of Gadoura dam (in Rhodes) and the way these conditions were taken under consideration during the construction of the temporary support system. The intensely sheared geological formation of flysch that is encountered in the construction area of the tunnel, is characterised by the predomination of clayey shales against siltstones and other lithological members (sandstone horizons, occasional gypsum lenses and limited limestone intercalations) and by the absence of a groundwater table. The main features of this argillaceous facies of flysch are: the schistosity-foliation due to tectonic compression and the chaotic structure, in places where it occurs in alternations with sandstone and siltstone, due to differential deformation of the strata. As a result, squeezing phenomena occured during the tunnel advance. According to the engineering geology model, which was proposed after the first excavation works, sheared clayey shales compose a "soil type" rockmass specified by very low geotechnical parameters (GSI=15-20, ITIJ=6, Oci=5-10 MPa, E m =30r>500 MPa, c'=150+250 kPa, φ=13°+18° και oCm=0,400,60 MPa). Performing a declined surface on the tunnel face, shotcrete and fiber glass anchoring, this weak rockmass was behaved well on the face. The applying of a light forpoling system has contributed to the stabilization of the face and of the cylindrical "core" of rock immediately ahead of the advancing face, although it was a conservative measure. Steel ribs incorporated into shotcrete were used for the support of the tunnel behind the face. Lateral forces were further stabilized by the closure of the invert using reinforced concrete. Weep holes were locally opened for the pore pressure relief.
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Khomyn, V., V. Tsyomko, N. Goptarova, N. Bronitska, and A. Trubenko. "GEOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL FEATURES OF DISCLOSURE AND TESTING OF LOW-PERMEABLE GAS-SATURATED SEDIMENTS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (84) (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.84.06.
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The relevance of research is attributed to the scientific justification of the features of disclosure and testing of low-permeable gas perspective deposits. Under the low-permeable gas perspective deposits in the Carpathian region of Western Ukraine, we consider the rocks of the Cretaceous system (based on previous works). Deposits of the Cretaceous system in the cross section of the Carpathian region occupy more than half the volume of the rock mass within the boundaries of the flysch strata, and the bulk in the depth interval 1.5–3.5 km corresponds to the sediments of the Stryiska suite of the upper section of the Cretaceous system. That is, the object of research is quite significant in its volume. In selecting the perforation intervals and methods of secondary action on the productive layer in wells drilled in regions where low-permeable thin-layered flysch formations (thin interlayering sandstones, siltstones and mudstones) are observed, we propose a method by which the choice of methods of secondary action on the layer, the intervals of mudstone is justified. In this case, the gas perspective deposits (due to the increase in the permeability of the mudstone layers during their perforation, and later also during the hydraulic fracturing of the layer) are combined into one significant in thickness gas-bearing exploitation object, which increases the flow of gas into the wells. Target disclosure of the gas horizons and increase of their gas output to optimal geological and economic parameters require the use of new technologies, similar to those used in the extraction of gas from shale rock. The simulation of the hydraulic fracturing process of the sand-mudstone pack of Upper Cretaceous deposits in the range 3260–3330 m in the well 2-Tarasivka with the Meer MFrac program proved an increase of the fixed crack opening (in this case, from 0.02 to 0.22 cm), which will contribute to significant increase in the conductivity of the crack from 668 to 6000 mD·m, and it is an important factor in the extraction of hydrocarbon gas from low-permeable deposits, which will increase the productivity of wells. And this will contribute to a significant increase in the fuel and energy supply of Ukraine by its own hydrocarbon raw material.
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Putiš, Soták, Li, Ondrejka, Li, Hu, Ling, Nemec, Németh, and Ružička. "Origin and Age Determination of the Neotethys Meliata Basin Ophiolite Fragments in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Accretionary Wedge Mélange (Inner Western Carpathians, Slovakia)." Minerals 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110652.
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This study reports the Neotethyan Meliata Basin ophiolite fragments in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous accretionary wedge mélange in the southern part of the Inner Western Carpathians (IWC). Here we present new lithostratigraphical, petrographical, geochemical, and geochronological data obtained from the mélange blocks used to reconstruct the Meliaticum paleotectonic zones in a tentative evolutionary model of this accretionary wedge. The Dobšiná mélange block continental margin carbonatic and siliciclastic sediments have calc-alkaline basalt intercalations. The basalt Concordia age dated to 245.5 ± 3.3 Ma by U–Pb SIMS on zircon most likely indicates the pre-oceanic advanced early Middle Triassic continental rifting stage. The evolving marginal oceanic crust is composed of Middle to Upper Triassic cherty shales to radiolarites. The detrital zircon U–Pb SIMS Concordia ages of 247 ± 4 Ma and 243 ± 4 Ma from a cherty shale, and the xenocryst zircon population Concordia age of 266 ± 3 Ma from a 0.5 m thick “normal” mid-ocean ridge (N-MOR) basalt layer in this cherty shale reveal the connection of the oceanic basin to the adjacent rifting continental margin. The chertified reddish limestone transition to radiolarite indicates syn-rift basin deepening. Upwards, regular alternating N-MOR basalts and radiolarites are often disturbed by peperite breccia horizons. The Nd isotope values of these basalts (εNd240 = 7–8) are consistent with their chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns and indicate a depleted mantle source. The Triassic ophiolitic suite also comprises rare ocean island (OI) basalts (εNd240 = 5) and serpentinized subduction unrelated peridotites. The Middle to Late Jurassic shortening and southward intra-oceanic and continental margin subduction at approximately 170–150 Ma enhanced the formation of the trench-like Jurassic flysch succession which preceded the closure of the Meliata Basin. The flysch sediments form a mélange matrix of olistolithic unsubducted, obducted, and MP–HP/LT metamorphosed exhumed blocks of the Triassic to Lower Jurassic successions. Blocks of peridotites, rodingites, blueschists, greenschists, rare amphibolites, deep-water shaly sediments and shallow- to deep-water carbonates are typical members of the mélange. The Meliatic accretionary wedge mélange nappe outliers were incorporated in the IWC orogenic wedge in the late Early Cretaceous according to metamorphic rutile U–Pb SIMS ages of 100 ± 10 Ma determined from a Jaklovce metabasalt.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flysch horizons"
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Μπεκρής, Μάριος. "Συστηματική ανάλυση διακλάσεων σε ψαμμιτικούς ορίζοντες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Ρουπακιάς Αχαΐας." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8399.
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Συστηματική ανάλυση διακλάσεων σε ψαμμιτικούς ορίζοντες στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Ρουπακιάς Αχαΐας. Επίδραση καλύμματος Τριπόλεως Γαββρόβου σε συνδυασμό με την Ιόνια επώθηση και την κίνηση της ζώνης Πίνδου προς Δυσμάς. Φλυσχικά τεμάχη διατέμνονται από μικρο και μακρο ρωγματώσεις οφειλόμενες σε πεδία τάσεων εφελκυσμούSystematic analysis of discontinuities in sandstone horizons in Greater Roupakias Achaia. Effect cover Tripoli Gavvrovou combined with Ionian overthrust and bustle of Pindos zone to the west. Flysch pieces dissected from micro and macro cracks due to tensile stress fields.