Journal articles: 'Flywheel speed'

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Dhand, Aditya, and Keith Pullen. "Analysis of continuously variable transmission for flywheel energy storage systems in vehicular application." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 2 (May 8, 2014): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214533096.

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Energy storage devices are an essential part of hybrid and electric vehicles. The most commonly used ones are batteries, ultra capacitors and high speed flywheels. Among these, the flywheel is the only device that keeps the energy stored in the same form as the moving vehicle, i.e. mechanical energy. In order to connect the flywheel with the vehicle drive line, a suitable means is needed which would allow the flywheel to vary its speed continuously, in other words a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is needed. To improve the efficiency and speed ratio range of the variators, a power spilt CVT (PSCVT) can be employed. This paper discusses the kinematics of PSCVT used to connect the flywheel to the driveline. A methodology describing the characteristic equations of speed ratio, power flow and efficiency of the PSCVT for various types including power recirculating and multi regime in both directions of power flow has been presented. An example of a PSCVT for a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is computed using the derived equations and the results compared.

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Shinde, Ankita, Kratika Singh Rawat, Ruchi Mahajan, Veeraj Pardeshi, Balbheem Kamanna, and Sachin Sheravi. "Design and Analysis of Flywheel for Different Geometries and Materials." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15872.

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Flywheel is a mechanical device used to store energy and utilize it whenever it required. Flywheels find its application in number of fields ranging from IC engine of 2-wheeler to more powerful jet engines. Increase in Kinetic Energy of flywheel is the most critical factor for the design engineers. The literature survey shows that flywheel can be redesign for mass optimization which results light weight and Increase in storage capacity. In this project work, an attempt is made to redesign the existing flywheel in terms of its geometry and different materials. Different cross sections of the flywheel are designed using 3D designing software Solidworks 2015. Finite Element analysis is used to calculate the Maximum Rotational speed the flywheel and the amount of Kinetic energy stored at that speed. The results shows that flywheel with Triangular cross sectional geometry and made of S-glass epoxy composite material stores highest Kinetic Energy per unit mass compare to all other combination of Geometries and materials. This New design of flywheel saves weight by 65.252kg compared to existing designs.

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Dragoni, Eugenio. "Mechanical design of flywheels for energy storage: A review with state-of-the-art developments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717729415.

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For years, engineers and designers have capitalized on electrochemical batteries for long-term energy storage, which can only last for a finite number of charge–discharge cycles. More recently, compressed hydrogen is being scrutinized as a large-scale storage medium but this poses the risk of spreading high-pressure vessels with inflammable content. Historically, flywheels have provided an effective way to smooth out speed fluctuations in irregular machines and mechanisms. With advancements in composite materials, magnetic bearings, and mechatronic drives, flywheels have become the subject of extensive research as power storage devices for mobile or fixed installations. Flywheel energy storage systems are considered to be an attractive alternative to electrochemical batteries due to higher stored energy density, higher life term, deterministic state of charge and ecological operation. The mechanical performance of a flywheel can be attributed to three factors: material strength, geometry, and rotational speed. Focusing on the simple relationship between these variables, this paper reviews the literature of flywheel technology and explores the merits of four simple but unconventional flywheel configurations that have not been examined so far. Two geometries assume the use of monolithic isotropic materials two solutions are based on the use of high-strength strips or tapes wound up to form a multilayered structure.

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MIYATA, Kenji, and Iwao HARADA. "Super high speed flywheel." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 52, no. 474 (1986): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.52.584.

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Zhang, Xiu Hua, Xue Feng Zhao, and Xing Lei Zhang. "Analysis of High-Speed Energy-Storing Flywheel Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.249.

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Appropriate rotor material and reasonable structure should be used for increase energy-storing density of flywheel. Theoretical analysis and design to high-speed energy-storing flywheel rotor with maximum energy-storing density is studied in the paper．The ratio of inner diameter and outer diameter and structure dimensions of a given condition flywheel rim is obtained by calculating. And the interference fit of rim/hub of the flywheel is analyzed with finite element software. One efficient and reliable calculating foundation and analysis method for the structure design of the flywheel rotor is provided.

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Kushwaha, Prabhakar, Sanjoy K. Ghoshal, and Kabir Dasgupta. "Dynamic analysis of a hydraulic motor drive with variable inertia flywheel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 6 (September 25, 2019): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819875914.

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A flywheel is presented in this article, which can adaptively generate variable inertia in response to the application requirements in a hydraulic drive. The said flywheel consists of four sliders in the guide track of a host flywheel frame which change its position as the rotational speed of the flywheel varies. The varying distance between the slider and the center of rotation leads to a variable inertial mass. This passive inertial mass has a potential to reduce the speed fluctuations of the drive. A comparative study has been made on the effects of the variable inertia flywheel on the hydraulic motor speed fluctuations with that of the fixed inertia flywheel. In this respect, a bond graph model of the hydraulic motor drive with the variable inertia flywheel and the fixed inertia flywheel is developed to analyze their performances. The variable inertia generated by the variable inertia flywheel reduces the hydraulic motor speed fluctuations in response to the changes in the excitation inputs. The tests were conducted to validate the model for step change in speed of the hydraulic motor. The test results of the hydraulic motor speed response are found in good agreement with the predicted response. The proposed design of the flywheel reduces the peak speed of the hydraulic motor that enhances the reliability and performance of the drive.

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Ji, Wen, Fei Ni, Dinggang Gao, Shihui Luo, Qichao Lv, and Dongyuan Lv. "Electromagnetic Design of High-Power and High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Loss Characteristics." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123622.

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The motor is an important part of the flywheel energy storage system. The flywheel energy storage system realizes the absorption and release of electric energy through the motor, and the high-performance, low-loss, high-power, high-speed motors are key components to improve the energy conversion efficiency of energy storage flywheels. This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSG) used in the magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and calculates the loss characteristics in the drive and power generation modes. Based on this, the electromagnetic part of the motor is optimized in detail. Aiming at this design, this paper calculates the loss characteristics of driving and power generation modes in detail, including its winding loss, core loss, rotor eddy current loss and mechanical loss. The calculation results show that the design meets the loss requirements. It can reduce the no-load loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor at high speed and improve the energy conversion efficiency, which gives this system practical application prospects.

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Song, Fei, and Shiyin Qin. "Robust Fault-Tolerant Control for Satellite Attitude Stabilization Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Approach with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/512707.

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This paper proposed a robust fault-tolerant control algorithm for satellite stabilization based on active disturbance rejection approach with artificial bee colony algorithm. The actuating mechanism of attitude control system consists of three working reaction flywheels and one spare reaction flywheel. The speed measurement of reaction flywheel is adopted for fault detection. If any reaction flywheel fault is detected, the corresponding fault flywheel is isolated and the spare reaction flywheel is activated to counteract the fault effect and ensure that the satellite is working safely and reliably. The active disturbance rejection approach is employed to design the controller, which handles input information with tracking differentiator, estimates system uncertainties with extended state observer, and generates control variables by state feedback and compensation. The designed active disturbance rejection controller is robust to both internal dynamics and external disturbances. The bandwidth parameter of extended state observer is optimized by the artificial bee colony algorithm so as to improve the performance of attitude control system. A series of simulation experiment results demonstrate the performance superiorities of the proposed robust fault-tolerant control algorithm.

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Gu, Hai Rong, Sheng Jie Jiao, Chong Yu Xiao, Yi Min Liu, and Fu Chun Wang. "Flywheel Energy Storage Used in Enhancing the Construction Machinery Engine Speed Stability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1881.

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To study the flywheel storage energy in enhancing the construction machinery engine speed stability, Dynamic model on engine and engine connecting another flywheel is established. With a group of experiment data, load changing effecting the engine speed is compared when the storage energy flywheel is assembled and not. The results indicate that high frequency engine speed fluctuating is less when the storage energy flywheel is assembled, the drive and economy performance is better, and added energy loss is only for friction.

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Zhang, Xiu Hua, Guang Xi Li, and Long Nie. "The Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Energy Storage Flywheel Rotor System." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.78.

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This article aims at large-scale energy storage flywheel rotor system, obtaining the dynamic characteristics. Through theoretical analysis, and after doing a simulation analysis for a given flywheel rotor on the 0-20000 RPM, getting the flywheel rotor critical speed, the transient analysis and imbalance response. The system is in steady state at runtime according to the analysis results. Providing also certain theory basis for study of flywheel rotor system according to the analysis method .

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Li, Zhen, Tao Jiang, Xiao Fang Bi, Hong Li, and Li Li. "Analysis of Strength of Energy Storage Flywheel Rotating at a High Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.42.

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The technology of flywheel energy storage is already widely used in motorcar, electric power systems, spaceflight and martial fields. Decreasing the weight, increasing rotating speed and strength of the flywheel rotor and improving the energy storage efficiency of the flywheel are always attention-getting. In this paper, a flywheel energy storage is designed and finite element analysis is done to obtain the stress distribution of it before being produced. The maximum and variety of radial stress and circumferential stress are studied and the influence of composite material wrapped on flywheel rotating at high speed is discussed. Then the action of composite material to stress concentration around the small hole on the hub is thought about. The results of this analysis can prepare a valuable guide for flywheel energy storage at design and manufacture stage.

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Wang, Wan, Lin He, Xue Feng Zhao, and Guang Xi Li. "Design of Hybrid Composite Multilayer Rim of High Speed Energy Storage Flywheels." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.603.

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The large flywheel energy storage system requires very high radial tensile strength of the flywheel rim, for the sake of the ultimate strength requirement, multilayer flywheel rim structure of carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid composite is employed in the paper. Both stress calculation and FEM analysis show that rational densign of the layer thickness and the hybrid ratio of carbon fiber to glass fiber can reduce radial strength requirement of rim material, especially for large flywheel energy storage system.

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Huart, M., and L. Sonnerup. "JET Flywheel Generators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 2 (May 1986): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_013_02.

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Two large vertical shaft flywheel generators each provides the JET (Joint European Torus) device with peak power up to 400 MW and energy up to 2600 MJ per pulse to induce and confine the multi-mega-ampère plasma current. The integrated rotor flywheel consists of a 650 tonne/10 m diameter rim carrying the poles of the machine. The energy is stored kinetically during a 9 min interval of acceleration from half-speed to full-speed and then released during a 20 s long deceleration. A design life of 100 000 cycles at full energy rating was specified. Following a review of the mechanical design and construction of the generators, the paper will concentrate on the assessment of the stresses and fatigue life of the rotor system, its dynamic behaviour (rim movement, critical speed and balancing) and on the performance in operation of the large thrust bearing.

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Liu, Zhi Hua, Yan Min Li, and Chun Li Wang. "Experiment Research on Control Method and Mathematic Models during Energy Storage to the Double Function Flywheel System." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2814.

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The mathematical models of the double function flywheel system were built based on experimental tests and theoretical analysis in the course of energy storage and attitude control. Due to significant changes of the system model parameters in the experiment, the difference between the up and down flywheel-electrical machinery unit are compensated through the cascade compensation, and then the PID compound control algorithm with integral separation and formula partition is put forward. Experiments show that overshoot is restrained effectively and stable control is realized in high speed and wide range synchronously. The angel of the platform can be stabilized within 1°, namely the attitude affection should be controlled less than 1.2′ according to the flywheels in satellite.

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Li, Hong, Yi Meng Pang, Fang Fang Xu, and Li Li. "Strength Analysis of Energy Storage Flywheel Wrapped with Composite Material." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.105.

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The technology of flywheel energy storage is already widely used in motorcar, electric power systems, spaceflight and martial fields. Decreasing the weight, increasing rotating speed and strength of the flywheel rotor and improving the energy storage efficiency of the flywheel are always attention-getting. In this paper, the flywheel energy storage wrapped with composite material by interference fit to hub is designed and finite element analysis is done to obtain the stress distribution of it before being produced. The maximum and variety of stress are studied and the influence of composite material wrapped on flywheel rotating at a high speed is discussed. Then the action of composite material preload to the flywheel is thought about. The results of this analysis can prepare a valuable guide for flywheel energy storage at design and manufacture stage.

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Hu, Yun Da. "Research on Flywheel Sets on Electromagnetic Eddy Current Retarder Test-Bed." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.318.

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A test-bed used to test electromagnetic eddy current retarder’s performance was designed. It can evaluate the connection of automobiles speed, excitation current, rotor temperature and brake torsion. Besides, a series of flywheels were designed which can randomly combine and simulate the running state of the automobiles. The design of flywheel is referred in many machines, not for it can solve the problem of stability, but for providing moment of inertia.

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Huang, Xiuchang, Zhiwei Su, Sen Wang, Xinsheng Wei, Yong Wang, and Hongxing Hua. "High-frequency disturbance force suppression mechanism of a flywheel equipped with a flexible dynamic vibration absorber." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 23-24 (March 16, 2020): 2113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320915340.

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Flywheels generate speed-related disturbances and induce micro-vibrations that influence the performance of high-sensitivity instruments on board. This study addresses dynamic modeling and disturbance force suppression of the flywheels due to its inherent characteristic structural modes. The disturbance force transmission of a rotating flywheel due to a unit radial force applied at the rim of the wheel body is reported using the three-dimensional finite element method and frequency response function–based substructuring method. The characteristic structural modes for the radial and axial disturbance forces are identified. The axial deformation–dominated flapping mode and the radial deformation–dominated transverse mode will contribute most to the axial and radial disturbance forces, respectively. A flexible ring structure, which is rested on the arms of the wheel body through independent viscoelastic pads and simultaneously in contact with the inner rim of the wheel body by independent resilient cushion members, is proposed to function as a damped dynamic vibration absorber. The modes of the dynamic vibration absorber and the modes of the flywheel equipped with the dynamic vibration absorber are analyzed. It is shown that the dynamic vibration absorber is effective to suppress both the radial and axial disturbance forces at the characteristic structural modes under different rotational speeds, provided that the loss factor of the complex elastic modulus for the viscoelastic pads is larger than 0.2 and the proportional damping constant for the stiffness matrix is larger than 6 Ns/m. Experimental analyses are conducted on a flywheel with a well-designed dynamic vibration absorber to validate the theoretical findings. Modal tests and disturbance force measurements are carried out for the flywheel with/without the dynamic vibration absorber. It is shown that the identified characteristic structural modes will contribute remarkable peaks for the radial and axial disturbance forces. The proposed dynamic vibration absorber is capable to suppress the high-frequency disturbance forces efficiently under different rotational speeds.

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Tang, Chang Liang, Dong Jiang Han, Jin Fu Yang, and Xing Jian Dai. "Damper Optimization Design of High-Speed Energy Storage Flywheel Shafting with a Single Point Flexible Support." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.509.

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The flywheel energy storage technology is a new type of conversion and storage for electric energy, and it is also a research hotspot of energy field in the world. There are a large number of studies on dynamic characteristics of energy storage flywheel in recent years. The flexible support with a single point has small load-carrying ability but very low friction loss, which is appropriate to be used in small flywheel system. By using a small stiffness pivot-jewel bearing and an oil damper as the lower support of the flywheel, a high-speed flywheel shafting with a single point flexible support was built. The dynamic model of the shafting was obtained by means of the Lagrangian equation. Based on the same energy dissipation of oil damper and flywheel, the optimal equivalent damping of flywheel was determined. The optimization criteria for dynamic state and parameters between oil damper and shafting were also presented. The lower damper’s effects on the mode shapes, modal damping ratios and forced vibration were discussed.

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Wramner, Lina. "Dual-mass flywheels with tuned vibration absorbers for application in heavy-duty truck powertrains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (May 26, 2020): 2500–2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020916940.

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As the heavy-duty combustion engine development goes towards lower rotational speeds and higher cylinder pressures, the torsional vibrations increase. There is therefore a need to identify and study new types of vibration absorbers that can reduce the level of torsional vibrations transmitted from the engine to the gearbox. In this work, the concept of a dual-mass flywheel combined with a tuned vibration absorber is analysed. The tuned vibration absorber efficiently reduces the vibration amplitudes for engine load frequencies near the tuning frequency, but it also introduces an additional resonance into the system. By placing the tuned vibration absorber on an intermediate flange between the two dual-mass flywheels, the introduced resonance frequency will be lower than the tuning frequency and a resonance in operating engine speed range can be avoided. Numerical simulations are used to show how the torsional vibration amplitudes in a heavy-duty truck powertrain are affected by the tuned vibration absorber and how the different parameters of the tuned vibration absorber and the dual-mass flywheel affect the torsional vibrations and the resonance frequencies.

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Yang, Ping, Yawei Wang, T. Chang, H. Ma, Zhuyong Li, Zhijian Jin, and Zhiyong Hong. "Start-up strategy using flywheel energy storage for superconducting DC induction heater." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 1298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-07-2016-0313.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid driving system that couples a motor and flywheel energy storage (FES) for a megawatt-scale superconducting direct current (DC) induction heater. Previous studies have proven that a superconducting DC induction heater has great advantages in relation to its energy efficiency and heating quality. In this heater, a motor rotates an aluminium billet in a DC magnetic field and the induced eddy current causes it to be heated. When the aluminium billet begins to rotate, a high peak load torque appears at a low rotation speed. Therefore, driving the billet economically has been a great challenge when designing the driving system, which is the focus of this paper. Design/methodology/approach A hybrid driving system based on FES is designed to provide extra torque when the peak load torque occurs at a low rotation speed, which allows the successful start-up of the aluminium billet and the operation of the motor at its rated capacity. The mechanical structure of this hybrid driving system is introduced. A simulation model was constructed using Matlab/Simulink and the dynamic start-up process is analysed. The influence of the flywheel’s inertia and required minimum engagement speed are investigated. Findings The results of this paper show that the hybrid driving system that couples FES and a motor can successfully be used to start the aluminium billet rotating. The flywheel’s inertia and engagement speed are the most important parameters. The inertia of the flywheel decreases with an increase in its engagement speed. Practical implications The cost of the driving system is significantly reduced, which is very important in relation to the commercial potential of this apparatus. Originality/value A novel start-up strategy for driving the aluminium billet of a superconducting DC induction heater at low speed is proposed based on FES.

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Demeulenaere, B., and J. De Schutter. "Synthesis of Inertially Compensated Variable-Speed Cams." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1582502.

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Traditionally, cam-follower systems are designed by assuming a constant camshaft speed. Nevertheless, all cam-follower systems, especially high-speed systems, exhibit some camshaft speed fluctuation (despite the presence of a flywheel) which causes the follower motions to be inaccurate. This paper therefore proposes a novel design procedure that explicitly takes into account the camshaft speed variation. The design procedure assumes that (i) the cam-follower system is conservative and (ii) all forces are inertial. The design procedure is based on a single design choice, i.e., the amount of camshaft speed variation, and yields (i) cams that compensate for the inertial dynamics for any period of motion and (ii) a camshaft flywheel whose (small) inertia is independent of the period of motion. A design example shows that the cams designed in this way offer the following advantages, even for non-conservative, non-purely inertial cam-follower systems: (i) more accurate camshaft motion despite a smaller flywheel, (ii) lower motor torques, (iii) more accurate follower motions, with fewer undesired harmonics, and (iv) a camshaft motion spectrum that is easily and robustly predictable.

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Zhang, Jian Yu, Yue Fu, Li Bin Zhao, and Jian Cheng Fang. "Analysis and Design of High-Speed Flywheel on Satellite Energy Storage/Attitude Control System." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.408.

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Flywheel rotor structure is one of essential assemblies of the flywheel system used in IPACS. It is significant to ensure the safety of metallic hub and the composite rim under high centrifugal loading induced by the rotation field and the surface pressure produced by the interface misfits. In this paper a 3-D stress analysis model of the flywheel rotor is presented with the finite element analysis software ANSYS and the failure criteria of the materials are discussed to assess the structural strength. Moreover, the key design parameters are investigated briefly to disclose their influences on the stress distribution of rotor structure. At last, an optimum mathematics model with the outer radius of metallic hub, the thickness of each composite ring and the interface misfits as the design variables is presented. Based on the optimum design platform, the series of flywheel rotor structures can be designed systematically.

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Skinner, Miles, and Pierre Mertiny. "Experimental Characterization of Low-Speed Passive Discharge Losses of a Flywheel Energy Storage System." Applied Mechanics 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech2010001.

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Flywheel energy storage has a wide range of applications in energy grids and transportation. The adoption of high-performance components has made this technology a viable alternative for substituting or complementing other storage devices. Flywheel energy storage systems are subject to passive discharge attributed primarily to electrical machine losses, bearing rolling friction, and aerodynamic drag of the flywheel rotor. In the present study, measurements are presented for complete discharge experiments using a flywheel system featuring a vacuum enclosure. Best-fit equations were applied to the test data and compared to analytical models. Analysis of the best-fit equations indicates that they may serve as empirical models for approximating passive discharge under given conditions. Bearing losses, which varied linearly with velocity but were otherwise unaffected throughout the experiments, were larger than aerodynamic drag at low air pressures and low velocities. Aerodynamic drag became significant as velocity exceeded approximately 3400 rpm. The electrical machine was found to be the most significant source of passive discharge at all velocities and pressures. Based on these findings, it is recommended to maintain a low-pressure environment in the flywheel enclosure and to decouple the electrical machine from the rotor whenever possible to eliminate associated losses.

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Feng, Hsi-Yung. "A Rugged and Reliable System for Measuring Engine Crankshaft Speed Fluctuations." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801498.

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A measurement system and the associated signal processing algorithm for accurately determining engine crankshaft speed fluctuations are presented in this work. The main features of the system include ruggedness, simple sensor installation, and high accuracy and resolution. The ruggedness and simplicity of the system are characterized by the use of highly reliable Hall-Effect Transducers (HETs) mounted on the engine flywheel bell housing to sense the passing of flywheel gear teeth. A relatively significant noise component is introduced to the HET measurements by the nonuniform flywheel gear tooth spacings. The high measurement accuracy is achieved by a very computationally efficient signal processing algorithm based on two HET inputs. The advantages of the current system over the single HET systems commonly used in practice are clearly demonstrated through experiments on a Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V-92TA engine.

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Cheng, Shuoqi, Tong Zheng, Congzhe Gao, Jingliang Lv, and Xinjian Jiang. "A Novel Z-Type Self-Balancing Modular Multilevel Converter for Flywheel Driving Applications." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127101025.

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With the development of flywheel technology, the speed and the voltage level of flywheel continue to increase. The Z-type self-balancing modular multilevel converter can have a wide frequency range at medium voltage and is suitable for flywheel driving application. However, the voltage and current characteristics of the flywheel and the variable frequency drive still affect capacitor voltage balance in each phase-leg. The new balance of capacitor voltage can be achieved by controlling the circulating current. This paper proposed a control algorithm of the novel Z-type self-balancing modular multilevel converter for flywheel driving applications. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.

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Šarabon, Nejc, Darjan Smajla, Žiga Kozinc, and Helmut Kern. "Speed-power based training in the elderly and its potential for daily movement function enhancement." European Journal of Translational Myology 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8898.

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Resistance exercise is widely recommended strategy to improve functional ability and quality of life of the elderly. Novel resistance exercises approaches, such as flywheel exercise have recently emerged as superior alternatives to traditional methods. Eccentic exercise methods are well documented to elicit different and often the more pronounced effect on physical ability and function of the elderly. By reviewing the relevant scientific literature, we found that only limited studies have investigated the effects of flywheel exercise in the elderly, however, the results are very promising. Thus, more research is desired to explore the effect of flywheel exercise type in elderly individuals.

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Wu, Hua Chun, Xu Jun Lv, and Gao Gong. "Analysis and Control of Maglev Flywheel Rotor in the Wind Generator." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.513.

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The application of maglev flywheel in wind generator is investigated. The dynamics analysis of maglev flywheel rotor has been performed including the critical speed analysis and unbalance response analysis, which took into account the gyroscopic effect by using of finite element analysis method. Based on the model reduction method, the modeling and LQR control of maglev flywheel rotor is presented, the simulation results show stable levitation and good levitated rotation.

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Tsai, T. D., and C. C. Cheng. "Topology Optimization of Flywheel Rotors Using SIMP Method: A Preliminary Study." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.427.

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Flywheels are kinetic energy storage and retrieval devices as chemical batteries. However, the high charge and discharge rates, as well as the high cycling capability make flywheels attractive as compared to other energy storage devices. This research serves as a preliminary study that aims for developing a technique in designing a flywheel rotor based on the solid isotropic method with penalization (SIMP) method. Examples are presented to illustrate the optimum structural layouts obtained given various design objectives. For a static rotor, the objectives are maximizing the first torsional natural frequency, maximizing the moment of inertia and maximizing both of them, respectively. The problem is formulated using bound formulation and the method of moving asymptotes (MMA), a first-order optimization technique, was employed. Therefore the design sensitivity becomes a necessity. The so-called checkerboard problem in the topology optimization is avoided using the nodal design variable. Also, a threshold is used to reduce the numerical imperfection in each iteration. For the topology design of a rotating rotor, the centrifugal force induced in the high-speed rotation is considered. The objective is to maximize the rotor stiffness and is demonstrated in the last example. Results show clear topology layout of flywheel was obtained using proposed method.

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Pasko, V. A., A. A. Sosin, and V. P. Lyanzburg. "Conversion of the flywheel speed into the code." Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 21, no. 3 (2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2018-21-3-121-125.

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de Andrade, R., A. C. Ferreira, G. G. Sotelo, W. I. Suemitsu, L. G. B. Rolim, J. L. Silva Neto, M. A. Neves, et al. "A superconducting high-speed flywheel energy storage system." Physica C: Superconductivity 408-410 (August 2004): 930–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.03.168.

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MIYAZAKI, Masayuki, Akemi HIJIKATA, Shuichi TANI, and Makoto IWAOKA. "Fracture Control of Compact High Speed Flywheel Rotor." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 65, no. 636 (1999): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.65.1664.

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32

Bornemann, H. J., C. Urban, P. Boegler, T. Ritter, O. Zaitsev, K. Weber, and H. Rietschel. "High speed superconducting flywheel system for energy storage." Physica C: Superconductivity 235-240 (December 1994): 3455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(94)91254-8.

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33

Sun, Yun Ling, Hong Xiang Tian, and Lin Li. "The Simulation and Experiment Research on the Influence of Crankshaft Flexible Torsion to Diesel Instantaneous Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.924.

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The flexible crankshaft may influence diesel’s instantaneous speed when diesel runs at high speed and load. In this paper the nine-degree crankshaft dynamic model is set up aim at 6-135 type diesels, and studies the instantaneous speed fluctuating rules at different position of crankshaft. The Simulating outcome shows that the obvious difference and rules are exist in instantaneous speed of all degrees: The instantaneous speed waveform corresponding to each cylinder accomplishes a change of several small wave crests to one beg crest gradually from freedom end to flywheel end. At last the simulating outcome are compared to experimental measured instantaneous speed of freedom end and flywheel end, they are in agreement at both wave shape and frequency spectrum sides, then the model’s effect is proved.

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Jing, Lili, Yandong Yu, and Xiaochuan Xue. "A Research on the Control System of High-Speed Homopolar Motor with Solid Rotor Based on Flywheel Energy Storage." Complexity 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6537563.

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In view of the defects of the motors used for flywheel energy storage such as great iron loss in rotation, poor rotor strength, and robustness, a new type of motor called electrically excited homopolar motor is adopted in this paper for flywheel energy storage. Compared to general motors, this motor has the advantages of simple structure, high rotor strength, and low iron loss in rotation. A double closed-loop PI governing system of the new motor was designed, modeled, and simulated with this motor as the controlled object on simulation platform. The simulation result shows that the PI-controlled electrically excited homopolar motor system realized fast speed governing and good system performance, achieved the purpose of quick charge by flywheel energy storage, verified the correctness and effectiveness of the design scheme, and provided data reference and theoretical basis for the practice of future flywheel energy storage experiments.

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Gao, Hui, Chang Guo Zhai, Liang Liang Chen, and Huai Liang Li. "Research on Maglev Flywheel Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1078.

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In order to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicle (EV) power battery, and increase the start-up power of EV, a kind of maglev flywheel battery storage energy system is designed on EV, it is active suspension controlled at five degrees of freedom. The system suspension control principle is expounded, and the radial single freedom transfer function of the maglev flywheel is established combining with a digital PID control algorithm. The frequency spectrum characteristic of the transfer function and the flywheel rotor trajectory curve are simulated, and the 30000 r/min rotation experiment of the maglev flywheel battery prototype is realized. The experiment result shows that the maglev flywheel rotor may high speed and steadily spin, and has good energy storage ability. The maglev flywheel battery storage energy system can assist the EV power battery work, improves the battery charge and discharge properties and prolongs the service life of the motive power battery.

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Rojas-Delgado, Brenda, Monica Alonso, Hortensia Amaris, and Juan de Santiago. "Wave Power Output Smoothing through the Use of a High-Speed Kinetic Buffer." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112196.

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In this paper, a new control strategy for power output smoothing in a hybrid wave energy installation coupled to a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is proposed. The control scheme is composed by three stages: a wave generator clustering process at the farm connection point; a power filtering process; and the control of the flywheel energy storage in order to improve the power output of the hybrid wave farm. The proposed control is validated at the existing Lysekil Wave Energy Site located in Sweden, by using real generator measurements. Results show that the application of the flywheel energy storage system reduces the maximum peak power output from the wave energy installation by 85% and the peak/average power ratio by 76%. It is shown that the proposed system can reduce grid losses by 51%, consequently improving the energy efficiency of the power network. The application of the proposed control strategy allows the hybrid wave power plant to follow a power reference signal that is imposed by the grid operator. In addition, the study demonstrates that the application of the proposed control allows the hybrid wave power plant to follow a power reference signal that is imposed by the grid operator. In addition, the study demonstrates that the application of the proposed control enables a wave farm with flywheel energy storage to be a controllable, flexible resource in order to fulfill future grid code requirements for marine energy installations.

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Pedersen, Anders Tegtmeier, and Michael Courtney. "Flywheel calibration of a continuous-wave coherent Doppler wind lidar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-889-2021.

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Abstract. A rig for calibrating a continuous-wave coherent Doppler wind lidar has been constructed. The rig consists of a rotating flywheel on a frame together with an adjustable lidar telescope. The laser beam points toward the rim of the wheel in a plane perpendicular to the wheel's rotation axis, and it can be tilted up and down along the wheel's periphery and thereby measure different projections of the tangential speed. The angular speed of the wheel is measured using a high-precision measuring ring fitted to the periphery of the wheel and synchronously logged together with the lidar speed. A simple geometrical model shows that there is a linear relationship between the measured line-of-sight speed and the beam tilt angle, and this is utilised to extrapolate to the tangential speed as measured by the lidar. An analysis of the uncertainties based on the model shows that a standard uncertainty on the measurement of about 0.1 % can be achieved, but also that the main source of uncertainty is the width of the laser beam and its associated uncertainty. Measurements performed with different beam widths confirm this. Other measurements with a minimised beam radius show that the method in this case performs about equally well for all the tested reference speeds ranging from about 3 to 18 m s−1.

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Guo, Song Yi, Chong Li, and Wen Yi Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Materials and Processing of Composite Flywheel Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.92.

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Flywheel rotor is the very important component in the flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The key factors of rotor, such as rotor materials, geometry and fabrication process, have directly influence on the performance of FESS. At present, press-assembling the rotor with shrink-fit is used usually to increase strength of composite flywheel rotors filament wound in the radial direction. This paper is concerned that the Von Mises equivalent stress distribution of the metal hub and the radial stress distribution of the composite rim at the speed of 20000rpm by the 3D finite element method. The materials and corresponding minimum value of interference fit of the flywheel rotor are determined based on the analysis results.

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39

Tangko, Jumadi, Remigius Tandioga, Ismail Djufri, and Riza Haardiyanti. "Analisis Pembangkit Listrik Berbasis Flywheel." Jurnal Sinergi Jurusan Teknik Mesin 17, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i1.1598.

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Flywheel is a rotating mechanical device, which is generally used on four-wheeled vehicles. Flywheel has a moment of inertia that is able to withstand changes in rotational speed. The energy in flywheel is mechanical energy. This mechanical energy will be converted by generators into electrical energy. At the flywheel-based power plant, tests are carried out in the form of rotation, the generator power of the generator under no load or load conditions, and the time needed for this generator to survive. The results showed that the ability of the flywheel-based power plant in the condition without a backup supply to the motor in the condition of a generator without a load is able to generate power of 860.1 W for 22 seconds, while in a load-bearing generator capable of generating electricity by 708.75 W for 18 seconds

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40

Mauer, G. F., and R. J. Watts. "Combustion Engine Performance Diagnostics by Kinetic Energy Measurement." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906495.

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The diagnostic technique described in this paper is based on measuring the instantaneous angular speed of both the front end and the flywheel on internal-combustion engines, recording more than 400 speed measurements per engine cycle. Two noncontacting transducers are added to an existing drive train without requiring drive train modifications. A digital circuit, which includes a microprocessor, samples and processes the raw speed data. The numerical analysis includes data noise filtering, and the numerical determination of front end and flywheel speed waveforms. When operating without external load, the engine accelerates only the inertial load. When neglecting friction and the small amount of torsional energy in the crankshaft, it is shown that the engine energy can be modeled as a lumped parameter system consisting of inertia on both engine front and flywheel ends, coupled by a torsional spring. The results from measurements on an eight-cylinder diesel engine with various cylinder faults show that reduced cylinder performance produces a drop of kinetic energy for the faulty cylinder. An engine performance criterion evaluates the performance of each cylinder, based on its contribution to total engine kinetic energy. The results demonstrate that fault conditions are detected with high reliability.

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41

V. D. Ghuge, V. D. Ghuge, and J. P. Modak J. P. Modak. "Developing a Constant Output Speed Transmission For Human Powered Flywheel Motor (Hpfm) with Variable Input Speed- a Novel Gearbox." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/71.

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42

Guilan, Teng, Fu Haibo, and Zhou Weiyi. "A New Method of Torque Compensation for High Speed Indexing Cam Mechanism." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829462.

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Severe vibration and poor positioning accuracy may occur in an indexing cam mechanism operating at a high speed. Torque fluctuation of the input shaft and the resulting fluctuation of kinetic energy of the mechanism may be the major cause of the vibration. In this paper a method is proposed to minimize the fluctuation by using a so-called “speed-varying flywheel” that produces an opposite kinetic energy fluctuation that can counteract the effect of the energy fluctuation. The flywheel is installed on the output shaft of an additional cam-linkage mechanism. The parameter of the cam-linkage mechanism is optimized. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

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43

Zhou, Xinxiu, Meng Li, and Ran Zhang. "High-Accuracy and Fast-Response Flywheel Torque Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/960437.

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Compared with current mode flywheel torque controller, speed mode torque controller has superior disturbance rejection capability. However, the speed loop delay reduces system dynamic response speed. To solve this problem, a two-degrees-of-freedom controller (2DOFC) which consists of a feedback controller (FBC) and a command feedforward controller (FFC) is proposed. The transfer function of FFC is found based on the inverse model of motor drive system, whose parameters are identified by recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm in real-time. Upon this, Kalman filter with softening factor is introduced for the improved parameters identification and torque control performances. Finally, the validity and the superiority of the proposed control scheme are verified through experiments with magnetically suspended flywheel (MSFW) motor.

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44

Brancati, Renato, Ernesto Rocca, and Riccardo Russo. "Gear rattle reduction in an automotive driveline by the adoption of a flywheel with an innovative torsional vibration damper." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319850664.

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An innovative device consisting of a flywheel equipped with a torsional vibration damper, based on the magnetorheological effect in elastomeric spring elements, is proposed in this paper. The feasibility study reports the dynamic behaviour of an automotive driveline equipped with the device aiming to explore the effectiveness of the damper in reducing the torsional oscillations of the flywheel, at low-speed regime, responsible for the vibro-acoustic phenomenon known as “gear rattle”. The spring elements of the device are constituted by magneto-rheological elastomeric samples, interposed between the flywheel and the damper disk, working for shear strains. Their dynamical characteristics can be properly tuned by varying the magnetic field surrounding the springs in order to mitigate the forced vibration causes of gear tooth impacts. The good attitude of the device in mitigating the rattle phenomenon is demonstrated by comparing the results provided by a numerical drive line model, equipped with a “monolithic” flywheel, with those obtained by adopting the present innovative vibration damper. The angular accelerations, resulting from the collisions between the teeth during the operation under “idle” conditions at different angular speeds, are thus compared.

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45

Chen, Seng Chi, Van Sum Nguyen, Dinh Kha Le, and Nguyen Thi Hoai-Nam. "A Flywheel Energy Storage System Suspended by Active Magnetic Bearings Using an Online Trained Adaptive Neural Network Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1411.

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A flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is an effective energy-saving device. It works by accelerating a rotor flywheel disc at a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. Active magnetic bearings (AMB) are ideally suited for use at high-speed and are so used in FESSs. This work develops a mathematical model of the levitation force and rotational torque of a flywheel. The systems for controlling the position and velocity of the flywheel are designed based on the emergent approaches of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and an online trained adaptive neural network controller (NNC). In the proposed controller system, an FLC was first designed to identify the parameters of the FESS. This allowed the initial training data with two inputs, the error and derivate of the error, and one output signal from the FLC to be obtained. Finally, an NNC with online training features was designed using an S-function in Matlab software to achieve improved performance. The results obtained concerning the FESS indicate that the system exhibited satisfactory control performance including transient and steady-state responses under various operating conditions.

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46

Gonçalves de Oliveira, Janaína, and Hans Bernhoff. "Battery Recharging Issue for a Two-Power-Level Flywheel System." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/470525.

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A novel battery recharging system for an all-electric driveline comprising a flywheel with a permanent magnet double wound synchronous machine (motor/generator) is presented. The double winding enables two voltage levels and two different power levels. This topology supersedes other all-electric drivelines. The battery operates in a low-power regime supplying the average power whereas the flywheel delivers and absorbs power peaks, which are up to a higher order of magnitude. The topology presents new challenges for the power conversion system, which is the focus of this investigation. The main challenge is the control of the power flow to the battery when the vehicle is parked despite the decay of the flywheel machine voltage; which is dependent on its charge state, that is, rotational speed. The design and simulation of an unidirectional DC/DC buck/boost converter for a variable rotational speed flywheel is presented. Conventional power electronic converters are used in a new application, which can maintain a constant current or voltage on the battery side. Successful PI current control has been implemented and simulated, together with the complete closed loop system.

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47

Soomro, Abid, Keith R. Pullen, and Mustafa E. Amiryar. "Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads." Clean Technologies 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020020.

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Due to low system inertia in microgrids, frequencies may vary rapidly from the nominal value, leading to the complete blackout of the system unless there is an adequate spinning reserve available for balancing the supply with the demand load. This issue of instability in microgrids under islanded operation has attracted particular attention recently. A diesel generator is considered to be an ideal spinning reserve to provide back-up power to the load along with the renewable energy source in islanded system. However, the high maintenance cost and CO2 emissions of diesel generator are detrimental factors which have inspired searches for more cost effective and cleaner technologies. The integration of an energy storage system (ESS) in islanded system along with generator not only reduces generator maintenance costs but also reduces the CO2 emissions by limiting its operating hours. This paper proposes an islanded PV hybrid microgrid system (PVHMS) utilizing flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) as an alternative to battery technology to support the PV system and meet the peak demand of a small residential town with 100 dwellings. The diesel generator is used in the islanded system as a spinning reserve to maintain the stability of the islanded system when the PV system and flywheel storage cannot meet the load demand. Results of analysis of such a system demonstrate that flywheel energy storage technology of appropriate size offers a viable solution to support the operation of the standalone PV system. Furthermore, the reduction in CO2 emissions and fuel consumption has been quantified as compared with the case with flywheel energy storage systems which means the diesel generator but always be operating.

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Wen, Xiang Long, Chun Sheng Song, Cao Cao, and Guo Ping Ding. "Study of the LQR Controller for Magnetic Flywheel Rotor System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 150 (January 2012): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.150.221.

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Gyroscopic effects in the flywheel rotor greatly influence rotor stability especially at high speed. When the pole-zero position moves to right of s-plane, the damping of the pole is getting smaller, and the stability of system is getting worse with the increasing of rotor speed when the decentralized PD control law is used only. The LQR (linear quadratic regulator) control method is used to reduce gyroscopic effect and forced vibration. The simulation results show that LQR controller have a good performance on the reduction of gyroscopic effect and vibration of magnetic flywheel rotor system.

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Conteh, Michael A., and Emmanuel C. Nsofor. "Composite flywheel material design for high-speed energy storage." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 14, no. 3 (June 2016): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jart.2016.04.005.

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50

Gerashchenko, V. V., V. P. Lobakh, N. A. Kovalenko, and V. D. Rogozhin. "Digital on-board clutch tester." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 1 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-1-23-28.

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The work is devoted to the creation of a digital type on-board device for diagnosing the clutch of traction vehicles (TV) and allows to accurately determine the slipping of the clutch when failures appear in it. The principle of operation of the device is based on the use of digital technology for measuring the rotational speed (number of pulses) in the digital code of the flywheel and the input shaft of the gearbox (GB). The received digital codes are displayed with the help of light-emitting diodes, showing the number of voltage pulses per second from the flywheel speed sensors and the gearbox primary shaft gear. The received digital codes are converted by the driver (operator) into the decimal number sys-tem. Given that the number of flywheel teeth is greater than the number of gear teeth, the number of pulses from the sensors is adjusted by dividing the number of pulses from the flywheel per revolu-tion by the ratio of the number of flywheel teeth to the number of gear teeth. Next, the difference between the corrected number of pulses from the gear and the flywheel is determined. Further it is compared with the permissible number of pulses and a conclusion about the technical condition of the clutch based on this comparison is made. If the difference is equal to zero or less, the clutch will be considered efficient. The device for diagnosing the clutch includes two digital speed sensors, each of which contains an inductance coil with a magnetic core, rigidly fixed near the flywheel teeth and gears of the input shaft of the gearbox. The first differentiating circuit, with a cut-off diode at the output, by the input is connected to the inductor and is made on the first and second resistors and capacitor. The second differentiating circuit with a cut-off diode at the output is made on a resistor and a capacitor, and the input is connected to the output of the self-oscillating multivibrator. The self-oscillating multivibrator is made on two NAND logical elements, two capacitors, two diodes and two resistors. The output of the second differentiating circuit is connected to the zero-setting inputs of sixteen-bit summing electronic counters. The outputs of the AND logical elements are connected by means of resistors with the counting inputs of two electronic counters, at the out-put of which the digital codes are formed. The codes reflect the rotational speed of the flywheel and gears of the input shaft of the gearbox. An example of calculating the parameters of the elements of the differentiating circuit of an auto-oscillating multivibrator is given.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flywheel speed'

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