Journal articles: 'FM Transmitter'

1

Zhou, B., W. Rhee, and Z. Wang. "Reconfigurable FM-UWB transmitter." Electronics Letters 47, no. 10 (2011): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.0261.

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Sutanto, Harry, and Bosker Sinaga. "Analisa Certainty Factor Dalam Mendiagnosa Kerusakan Alat Pemancar Radio 87.6 Dass FM Lubuk Pakam." Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jnkti.v3i2.2298.

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An FM transmitter or FM transmitter is a source of radio vibrations emitted by a device called an oscillator or oscillator. While the oscillator is a device that can produce high frequencies. The scope of this research is an expert system that is built only to discuss the symptoms and damage to radio transmitters and solutions to fix them. The resulting output is radio transmitter malfunction information and solutions to repair it. The programming language used in solving this problem is PHP by using the mysql database. The method used in solving the damage to the radio transmitter is the certainty factor method.

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Kovalgin, Y. "On the Application of the Radio Mobile Software for Calculating the Coverage Zones of Transmitters Broadcasting in the VHF Range." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2021-7-2-24-36.

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This work considers the application of the Radio Mobile software for calculating the coverage zones of analogue FM- and digital DRM-transmitters. The requirements for the initial input data, enabling the reliable results, are demonstrated. It is shown that equality of the coverage zones of both transmitter types is determined by the proper ratio of the transmitter’s signal levels.

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Ryu, Jeong-Tak. "Development of miniaturized dual-frequency FM transmitter." Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research 16, no. 5 (December 30, 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2011.16.5.031.

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Hallberg, Örjan. "Cancer incidence vs. FM radio transmitter density." Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 35, no. 4 (June 29, 2016): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2016.1138122.

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Ali, Mohamed, Heba Shawkey, and Abdelhalim Zekry. "A 750μW 3.5–4.5GHz FM-UWB transmitter." Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (May 2015): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2015.03.012.

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7

Shrivastava, Abhishek. "Design and development of low-range frequency modulated signal (F.M.) transmitter." BIBECHANA 15 (December 19, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v15i0.18279.

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Frequency Modulated (FM) signal transmitter is a small device that can transmit Frequency Modulated signal over short range. [1] This document consists of most simple and economical technique for building a FM transmitter using basic electronic components like resistor, capacitor, inductor etc. The FM transmitter receives human voice signals though microphone. It further amplifies it, modulate it over carrier and finally transmit it. Assuming favorable conditions, output of transmitter can be received by anyone who tunes it in frequency of our transmitter. Here, I have described Circuit diagram, its working, components required, uses of various components in our circuit, its practical applicability. The design is simulated using NI Multisim and is further implemented on bread-board. This design is capable of transmitting signal for distance of radius 20m, tuned at 97.1 MHz One could clearly hear sound produced at microphone of transmitter.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 30-36

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Lewis, M. Samantha, Carl C. Crandell, and Nicole V. Kreisman. "Effects of Frequency Modulation (FM) Transmitter Microphone Directivity on Speech Perception in Noise." American Journal of Audiology 13, no. 1 (June 2004): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2004/004).

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Frequency modulation (FM) technology can significantly improve the speech perception ability of individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in background noise. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the microphone design of the FM transmitter can have a significant impact on this improved speech perception. The purpose of this investigation was to compare 3 types of FM transmitter microphone designs: (a) wide angle (omnidirectional microphone), which amplifies sounds coming from all directions around the microphone equally; (b) zoom (1 directional microphone), which provides less amplification to signals coming from the rear, and (c) superzoom (2 directional microphones), which provides less amplification to signals originating from the rear and the sides. Fifteen adults with bilateral slight to moderately severe SNHL participated. Speech perception was assessed using the Hearing in Noise Test (M. Nilsson, S. Soli, & J. Sullivan, 1994). Speech spectrum shaped noise served as the noise competition. Results revealed that the best speech perception in noise was obtained when the FM transmitter was used in the zoom setting. The poorest performance was obtained when the FM transmitter was in the wide-angle mode. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.

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Mappatao, Gerino, Isaiah Mari Zebedia Bautista, Marc Kevin Orsos, Mark Aldrine Ribo, and Joseph Castillo. "Development of a remote tending system for analog broadcast transmitters." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1474-1484.

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<span>Whenever a broadcast transmitter is on-air, it is required to be tended by licensed broadcast technicians. Technicians periodically monitor the transmitter performance, record the supply voltage and current at the last stage of the power amplifier and keeps a copy for at least two years. Also recorded are the times the transmitter is turned ON and OFF as well as the times the transmitter shuts down and returns back to air. This paper proposes a system to remotely tend analog transmitters in one central monitoring station. The remote tending of several transmitters in one location is made possible through internet connection. However, the challenge in the proposed system is in the gathering of transmitter data. A prototype of the system was constructed and tested in an FM broadcast transmitter. Test results on the prototype performance show that the proposed system can effectively be used to remotely monitor, record data and control the status of analog broadcast transmitters. The primary feature of the proposed system of monitoring several transmitters in one location will bring cost effective advantages to the broadcast operators. </span>

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Sehpudin, Agung, and Achmad Fachrodji. "DETERMINANT FACTOR OF LISTENER LOYALTY TO POP FM JAKARTA." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 1, no. 6 (November 9, 2020): 954–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v1i6.587.

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This study aims to analyze the influence of radio programs, broadcasters and transmitter power on listening to Pop FM radio Jakarta and listeners loyalty. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires and secondary data were obtained from field research such as interviews with companies. The population of this study were all listeners of Pop FM Jakarta radio in Jabodetabek in May-June with a total sample of 210 people. The analytical method used is the LISREL version 8.80 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that radio programs, broadcasters and transmitter power had a significant positive effect on interest in listening to radio. Meanwhile, radio programs, broadcasters and transmitter power also have a significant positive effect on radio listeners' loyalty. The R Square value is 0.75 that in this study the broadcast program variables, announcers and transmitter power contributed 75%, the rest was influenced by other variables by 25%

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Al Hadi, Md Abdullah. "Animal Tracking Telemetry Circuit using Low Power FM Transmitter." Engineering International 4, no. 2 (2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v4i2.187.

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Al Hadi, Md Abdullah. "Animal Tracking Telemetry Circuit using Low Power FM Transmitter." Engineering International 4, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v4i2.909.

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Schafer, Erin C., Elizabeth Musgrave, Sadaf Momin, Carl Sandrock, and Denise Romine. "A Proposed Electroacoustic Test Protocol for Personal FM Receivers Coupled to Cochlear Implant Sound Processors." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 10 (November 2013): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.10.6.

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Background: Current fitting guidelines from the American Academy of Audiology (Academy) support the use of objective electroacoustic measures and behavioral testing when fitting frequency modulation (FM) systems to hearing aids. However, only behavioral testing is recommended when fitting FM systems to individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) because a protocol for conducting electroacoustic measures has yet to be developed for this population. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and examine the validity of a newly developed, objective, electroacoustic test protocol for fitting electrically and electromagnetically coupled FM systems to CI sound processors. Research Design: Electroacoustic measures were conducted and replicated in the laboratory with three contemporary CI sound processors and several FM system combinations. A repeated measures design was used with four participants to examine the validity of the proposed electroacoustic test protocol. Study Sample: Three contemporary CI sound processors were tested electroacoustically in the laboratory while coupled to combinations of five FM receivers and four FM transmitters. Two adolescents using Cochlear Nucleus 5 sound processors and two adult participants using MED-EL OPUS 2 sound processors completed behavioral and subjective measures. Data Collection and Analysis: Using current hearing aid practice guidelines from the Academy, electroacoustic measurements were conducted in the laboratory with the CIs and FM systems to determine transparency, where equivalent inputs to the CI and FM microphones result in equivalent outputs. Using a hearing aid analyzer, acoustic output from the CI sound processor was measured via monitor earphones and specialized equipment from CI manufacturers with 65 dB SPL speech inputs (1) to the sound processor and (2) to the FM transmitter microphones. The FM gain or volume was adjusted to attempt to achieve transparency for outputs from the two input devices. The four participants completed some or all of the following measures: speech recognition in noise without and with two FM systems in a classroom, loudness ratings without and with two FM systems measures in a quiet condition in a classroom, and questionnaires. Results: Transparency was achieved for most CI and FM combinations, but most systems required adjustments to FM gain or volume relative to the manufacturer default setting. Despite adjustments to the systems, transparency was not attainable for some FM receiver and transmitter combinations. Behavioral testing in four participants provided preliminary support to the proposed electroacoustic test protocol. Conclusions: Valid and reliable electroacoustic test measures may be feasible with CIs coupled to FM systems with specialized equipment from the CI manufacturer. Advances in equipment available for electroacoustic testing with these devices as well as additional research will lend further support to this objective approach to fitting FM systems to CIs.

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Zhou, Bo, and Jingchao Wang. "A Low-Power Low-Complexity Transmitter for FM-UWB Systems." JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2015.15.2.194.

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15

Miric, B., M. Temerinac, and J. Kapkovic. "VHF/FM transmitter with ARI/RDS secondary services simulation models." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 35, no. 4 (1989): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/11.40832.

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16

Shrestha, M. B. "Design of tube power amplifiers for optimum FM transmitter performance." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 36, no. 1 (March 1990): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/11.52364.

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Fukumoto, Y., M. Hayakawa, and H. Yasuda. "Investigation of over-horizon VHF radio signals associated with earthquakes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-1-107-2001.

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Abstract. This paper presents the preliminary results on the possible reception of over-horizon VHF radio signals from a FM (frequency modulation) transmitter during abnormal situations (probably in close association with earthquakes). The transmitter is FM Sendai (frequency = 77.1 MHz) and the receiving station is our university (UEC) at Chofu, Tokyo, with the transmitter-receiver distance being about 310 km. We first show a typical example of the reception of over-horizon VHF signals in which we present the amplitude behavior, azimuthal and incident angle estimation, etc. Then, we study the correlation between a signal anomaly and an earthquake and it seems that the over-horizon VHF signals observed are probably associated with earthquakes, observed about 7 to 0 days before an earthquake. The direction finding measurements have indicated that such signals are due to favorable tropospheric (but not ionospheric) conditions attributed to the effects of earthquakes.

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18

Qizhen, Zhu. "Analysis of automatic monitoring system for all solid state FM transmitter." Modern Computer Technology and Application 2, no. 1 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/mcta.0201003c.

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19

Iwuji, Prince Chigozie, and Victor Chukwuagozie Onuabuchi. "Investigation of Diurnal Variation of Signal Strength Generated by FM Transmitter." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 18 (June 30, 2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n18p235.

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This paper focuses on the determination of the diurnal variation of signal strength generated by Orient 94.4 FM transmitter along six (6) selected route in Imo State, Nigeria. This was carried out with the aid of a constructed signal strength meter (SSM). Signal strength measurements were collected at different time, on different days, and in different months. The measurement was carried out at a constant distance of 20 Km. Arrangement was made with the management of the base station to ensure that the transmitting parameters were kept constant throughout the period of signal strength measurement. The average results of these measurements were taken. The data obtained from the measurements was plotted in a graph to establish the diurnal variation in signal strength along the different routes of signal strength measurement. It was observed from this research that transmission and reception of signals are dependent on the time of the day. High signal strength was noted between the hours of 8 am and 11 am, while low signal strength was recorded between the hours of 1 pm and 5 pm. Better signal strengths were recorded at night. The result of this study shows that signal strength generated by FM transmitter vary with time of the day and the prevalent weather conditions. Stronger signals are recorded mostly at night along the different routes of the study. The signal strength consequently drops in the afternoon and recovers in the morning hours.

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Ashigwuike, Evans Chinemezu, Ale Felix, and Farouq Eneuma Shaibu. "The Impact of Soil Texture on Path Loss Modelling of an FM Signal Using Diffraction Technique." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1231.

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A novel solution to predict path loss of an FM signal using diffraction technique is proposed. Diffraction technique and soil texture impact are used to improve the Friis free-space model to predict the received signal strength and propagation path loss of an FM signal between a transmitter site and receiver site, while studying the impact of soil texture to the FM signal in the case of surface wave propagation. Measurement of signal strengths with an interval of 5KM along two different routes (1 and 2) were taken with a Digital Field Strength Meter (DW-400), in some selected open/rural environments of Kogi State. A solid-state transmitter (BE 20S), with broadcast frequency of 101.5MHz at antenna height of 120m was considered as the transmitting point source. Bluetooth signal strength meter software was used to visualize this impact of soil texture, where different types of soil were considered within the coverage area of the FM radio station, with the application of a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology. Measurements taken along the two different routes were compared against predictions made by the modified model of Friis Free Space. The model showed quite large mean path loss prediction errors, and places with poor signal strength for Prime FM Radio Nigeria were revealed. The result shows that an FM signal induces current in the ground over which it passes and it is attenuated as a result of absorption of energy by the soil, depending on the soil type.

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Grigoryev, P. N., and A. L. Zefirov. "The Same Synaptic Vesicles Originate Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmitter Release." Acta Naturae 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2015-7-3-81-88.

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Transmitter release and synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis during high-frequency stimulation (20 pulses/s) in the extracellular presence of different bivalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+) were studied in frog cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparations. It was shown in electrophysiological experiments that almost only synchronous transmitter release was registered in a Ca2+-containing solution; a high intensity of both synchronous and asynchronous transmitter release was registered in a Sr2+-containing solution, and asynchronous transmitter release almost only was observed in a Ba2+-containing solution. It was shown in experiments with a FM 1-43 fluorescent dye that the synaptic vesicles that undergo exocytosis-endocytosis during synchronous transmitter release (Ca-solutions) are able to participate in asynchronous exocytosis in Ba-solutions. The vesicles that had participated in the asynchronous transmitter release (Ba-solutions) could subsequently participate in a synchronous release (Ca-solutions). It was shown in experiments with isolated staining of recycling and reserve synaptic vesicle pools that both types of evoked transmitter release originate from the same synaptic vesicle pool.

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Abdrakhmanov, M. M., A. M. Petrov, P. N. Grigoryev, and A. L. Zefirov. "Depolarization-Induced Calcium-Independent Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis at Frog Motor Nerve Terminals." Acta Naturae 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-4-77-82.

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The transmitter release and synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis induced by constant current depolarization of nerve terminals were studied by microelectode extracellular recording of miniature endplate currents and fluorescent microscopy (FM 1-43 styryl dye). Depolarization of the plasma membrane of nerve terminals in the control specimen was shown to significantly increase the MEPC frequency (quantal transmitter release) and exocytotic rate (FM 1-43 unloading from the synaptic vesicles preliminarily stained with the dye), which was caused by a rise in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration due to opening of voltage-gated Ca channels. A slight increase in the MEPC frequency and in the rate of synaptic vesicle exocytosis was observed under depolarization in case of blockade of Ca channels and chelating of intracellular Ca 2+ ions (cooperative action of Cd 2+ and EGTA-AM). The processes of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (FM 1-43 loading) were proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that had undergone exocytosis both in the control and in case of cooperative action of Cd 2+ and EGTA-AM. A hypothesis has been put forward that Ca-independent synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis that can be induced directly by depolarization of the membrane exists in the frog motor terminal in addition to the conventional Ca-dependent process.

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Thibodeau, Linda M., and Kathryn A. Saucedo. "Consistency of Electroacoustic Characteristics Across Components of FM Systems." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 3 (June 1991): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3403.628.

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In the absence of national or international electroacoustic standards for the evaluation of Frequency Modulated (FM) amplification systems, it becomes important to know the variability one may expect across similar models. Evaluation of thirty FM systems of the same model obtained from three different educational sites was performed to determine the variability that may occur as a result of the receiver, lapel microphone, or neckloop. There was a range as great as 20 dB in high frequency average saturation sound pressure level and equivalent input noise across receivers, lapel microphones, and neckloops. These results highlight the need for regular electroacoustic monitoring of not only the FM transmitter and receiver, but also the individual components, such as the lapel microphone and the neckloop.

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Jiabing, Zhu, Tao Liang, and Hong Yi. "Study on moving target detection to passive radar based on FM broadcast transmitter." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 18, no. 3 (September 2007): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-4132(07)60114-5.

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Jouvie, Francois, Dominique Lecointe, Philippe Briend, Francois Jacquin, and Emmanuel Nicolas. "Computation of the field radiated by a FM transmitter by means of ordinary kriging." annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications 66, no. 7-8 (May 5, 2011): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-011-0262-y.

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Shi, Chenguang, Fei Wang, Mathini Sellathurai, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Transmitter Subset Selection in FM-Based Passive Radar Networks for Joint Target Parameter Estimation." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 15 (August 2016): 6043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2579618.

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Jiang, Peng, Wei Lu, and Wang Qi. "Broadband amplitude-modulated laser source with high output power for FM/cw lidar transmitter." Journal of Russian Laser Research 30, no. 3 (May 2009): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-009-9075-0.

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Somanaidu, Utlapalli, Nagarjuna Telagam, Nehru Kandasamy, and Menakadevi Nanjundan. "USRP 2901 Based FM Transceiver with Large File Capabilities in Virtual and Remote Laboratory." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 10 (October 26, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i10.8283.

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The radio signal processing capability can be provided by Universal software radio peripheral (USRP) hardware. The received signal frequency can be controlled and transmitting the signal through wireless is possible by installing NI USRP utility configuration. The programmable USRP was running VI snippet program in block diagram panel with radio companion integrated through USB cable on windows 7 64 bit OS. With the parameters such as IQ rate, transmitter gain, carrier frequency along with device name which is given as ni2901_1 the students can able to tune the radio signal. In addition to this the students can able to record the FM signal and extract the IQ data and plot the spectrum of signal and analyze it using graph palette. The standard FM equation contains the modulation index, carrier frequency, message signal amplitude, frequency deviation and frequency sensitivity can also analyzed using LabVIEW. By using Carson’s rule the bandwidth of wideband FM signal can be calculated. In this project RF0 module is used USRP device is connected with dual band vertical antenna with 2.4 and 5GHz frequency as Tx1 and the receiver is connected to Tri band vertical antenna with 144, 400 and 1200 MHz. while transmitting red color will blink in the device for transmitting and green color indicates the received signal. The purpose of doing this experiment was to gain experience in signal processing and receive hands on experience with the USRP. This VI snippet program will support all file formats. Up sample we used in front panel should be -1 always and if large size files is transmitted the value should be increased. The iPhone received the signal with high quality using ear pods the students can able to listen all the information which is transmitted through USRP. Here the transmitted frequency we used in the front panel is 94.7 MHz. The transmitted signal through USRP is successfully tested in the campus of Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad, India.

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Roy, Ashish Kumar, Bakul Bapat, Chinmoy Bhattacharya, and Shashikala A. Gangal. "Transmitter and receiver design at L-band and X-band for FM-CW radar altimeter." Journal of Instrumentation, Automation and Systems 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21535/jias.v1i1.124.

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McDonald, D., and R. F. O'Dowd. "‘Inverted’ gain-levered long-wavelength MQW optical transmitter with enhanced FM efficiency and suppressed AM." Electronics Letters 30, no. 1 (January 6, 1994): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940063.

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Saputra, Nitz, and John R. Long. "A Fully-Integrated, Short-Range, Low Data Rate FM-UWB Transmitter in 90 nm CMOS." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 46, no. 7 (July 2011): 1627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2144050.

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Cong, Li, Haidong Wang, Honglei Qin, and Luqi Liu. "An Environmentally-Adaptive Positioning Method Based on Integration of GPS/DTMB/FM." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124292.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) yields good precision and availability in open outdoor environment. However, the errors of GPS may suffer degradation in some complex environments, such as forests and urban canyons. To solve this problem, a new positioning method is designed integrating GPS, Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) and frequency-modulated (FM) radio signal. In this method, the DTMB transmitter acts as a pseudo-satellite to assist GPS positioning. Furthermore, the FM fingerprint positioning is used to correct the positioning bias. An adaptive selection scheme is proposed to provide an optimal integration mode of the sensors. Field experiments in complex environment were carried out for evaluation. Comparing to the GPS-only and GPS + DTMB approach, positioning accuracy was improved by at least 68.21 % and 21.27 % with the proposed method, respectively.

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Ali, Mohamed, Heba Shawkey, Abdelhalim Zekry, and Mohamad Sawan. "One Mbps 1 nJ/b 3.5–4 GHz Fully Integrated FM-UWB Transmitter for WBAN Applications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65, no. 6 (June 2018): 2005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2771369.

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Baroni, P., V. Miot, A. Carena, and P. Poggiolini. "8B10B line coding to mitigate the non-uniform FM laser response of direct modulated CPFSK transmitter." Optics Express 16, no. 10 (May 6, 2008): 7279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.007279.

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Rokusek, Daniel S. "Method for controlling audio signals to an fm transmitter and a loudspeaker of a hands-free adapter." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 2 (2010): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3481730.

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Lewis, Samantha M., Michele Hutter, David J. Lilly, Dennis Bourdette, Julie Saunders, and Stephen A. Fausti. "Frequency-Modulation (FM) Technology as a Method for Improving Speech Perception in Noise for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 17, no. 08 (September 2006): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17.8.7.

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Almost half of the population with multiple sclerosis (MS) complains of difficulty hearing, despite having essentially normal pure-tone thresholds. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of frequency-modulation (FM) technology utilization on speech perception in noise for adults with and without MS. Sentence material was presented at a constant level of 65 dBA Leq from a loudspeaker located at 0°azimuth. The microphone of the FM transmitter was placed 7.5 cm from this loudspeaker. Multitalker babble was presented from four loudspeakers positioned at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° azimuths. The starting presentation level for the babble was 55 dBA Leq. The level of the noise was increased systematically in 1 dB steps until the subject obtained 0% key words correct on the IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers) sentences. Test results revealed significant differences between the unaided and aided conditions at several signal-to-noise ratios.

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Domingo, Marco G., Prince Kendrick E. Estebal, Geraldine A. Tongco, and Gerino P. Mappatao. "Development of a reliable path-loss model for FM broadcast reception in office locations." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 1654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i4.2020.

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This paper proposes for the development of a path-loss model to improve the accuracy in predicting the signal level in office locations for the reception of FM broadcast. Identifying the factors that affect the signal level and eventually developing a model to predict the signal inside buildings will guide engineers in designing a broadcast system. A properly designed broadcast system will ensure optimum signal penetration in these listening areas. Further, the developed model can find applications in policy-making on the regulation of FM broadcast stations, both for analog and digital radio systems. Signal level measurements from three FM broadcast stations have been made inside eight office rooms in De La Salle University-Manila. With the three stations utilizing circularly polarized transmitting antennas, the measurements aim to determine the signal levels of the horizontal and vertical components of the received signal. These measured levels are used to determine the effects on the magnitude of the received signal of some factors, such as signal frequency and polarization, receiving antenna height, walls, transmitter-receiver distance, etc. Since the developed model is based on the measured signal levels in the actual office environment, its accuracy is then better than any of the existing models earlier developed.

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Wolfe, Jace, and Erin C. Schafer. "Optimizing The Benefit of Sound Processors Coupled to Personal FM Systems." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19, no. 08 (September 2008): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.8.2.

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Background: Use of personal frequency modulated (FM) systems significantly improves speech recognition in noise for users of cochlear implants (CI). There are, however, a number of adjustable parameters of the cochlear implant and FM receiver that may affect performance and benefit, and there is limited evidence to guide audiologists in optimizing these parameters. Purpose: This study examined the effect of two sound processor audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50) on speech recognition and functional benefit for adults with CIs using the Advanced Bionics Auria® sound processors. Research Design: Fully-repeated repeated measures experimental design. Each subject participated in every speech-recognition condition in the study, and qualitative data was collected with subject questionnaires. Study Sample: Twelve adults using Advanced Bionics Auria sound processors. Participants had greater than 20% correct speech recognition on consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) monosyllabic words in quiet and had used their CIs for at least six months. Intervention: Performance was assessed at two audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50). For the 50/50 mixing ratio, equal emphasis is placed on the signals from the sound processor and the FM system. For the 30/70 mixing ratio, the signal from the microphone of the sound processor is attenuated by 10 dB. Data Collection and Analysis: Speech recognition was assessed at two audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50) in quiet (35 and 50 dB HL) and in noise (+5 signal-to-noise ratio) with and without the personal FM system. After two weeks of using each audio-mixing ratio, the participants completed subjective questionnaires. Results: Study results suggested that use of a personal FM system resulted in significant improvements in speech recognition in quiet at low-presentation levels, speech recognition in noise, and perceived benefit in noise. Use of the 30/70 mixing ratio resulted in significantly poorer speech recognition for low-level speech that was not directed to the FM transmitter. There was no significant difference in speech recognition in noise or functional benefit between the two audio-mixing ratios. Conclusions: Use of a 50/50 audio-mixing ratio is recommended for optimal performance with an FM system in quiet and noisy listening situations.

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Sarkar, Bishnu Charan, Suvra Sarkar, Arun Kanti Guin, and Chaitali Koley. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Dynamics of X-Band Gunn Oscillator Based Angle Modulator–Demodulator System with Chaotic Modulating Signal." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 25, no. 03 (March 2015): 1550039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741550039x.

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We have studied the performance of a Gunn oscillator (GO) based angle modulator–demodulator system in transmitting chaotic signals in the X-band microwave frequency channel. The principle of bias tuning of a GO is employed to implement the angle modulator used in the transmitter. The said GO is operated in a free running condition and then in a frequency synchronized condition to an external microwave signal, thus generating frequency modulated (FM) and phase modulated (PM) signals, respectively. The demodulator circuit is implemented with a GO phase synchronized to the incoming modulated signal, followed by a microwave mixer multiplying the input and the output signals of the GO and a low pass filter. The response of the system is analytically established, numerically examined and experimentally verified. The obtained results confirm that in the limit of low modulation index and in the linear range of operation of the bias tuned modulator and the phase synchronized detector, a chaos signal can be transmitted and recovered through a microwave channel using the technique of angle modulation.

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LURYI, SERGE, and MIKHAIL GOUZMAN. "FEASIBILITY OF AN OPTICAL FREQUENCY MODULATION SYSTEM FOR FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 02 (June 2006): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406003849.

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We consider a free-space communication system based on optical frequency modulation (FM), where the information is encoded by a time-variable wavelength. As is well known, broadband FM systems use a transmission bandwidth that is larger than the signal's information bandwidth, thus enabling an enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and hence the effective information rate per unit transmitter power. Because of the atmospheric conditions, any optical free-space communication system, contemplated at a terrestrial level, must operate at mid-infrared wavelengths in the range λ = 2.5 2.8 μ m . Development of rapidly tunable single-frequency lasers in this wavelength range is quite feasible, based on the current experience with tunable telecom lasers at 1.5 μm. Nevertheless, there is no currently available optical FM system. The main difficulty is associated not so much with the tunable optical sources, as with the implementation of a wavelength-discriminating receiver system that would take advantage of the enhanced SNR. In our view, the key enabling solution is optical superheterodyne with a local oscillator implemented as a tunable mid-infrared laser similar to that at the source. The intermediate frequency can be tuned to lie either in a frequency range directly accessible to electronic limiting amplifier and frequency discriminator or, in a multichannel system, to a second heterodyne in the terahertz range.

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Ando, N., I. Shimoyama, and R. Kanzaki. "A dual-channel FM transmitter for acquisition of flight muscle activities from the freely flying hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 115, no. 2 (April 2002): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00013-4.

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DARLIS, DENNY, ARSYAD RAMADHAN DARLIS, and MUHAMMAD HIDAYAT ABIBI. "Implementasi Sistem Penyiaran Musik Digital di Kafe menggunakan Visible Light Communication." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 5, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v5i1.60.

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ABSTRAKTeknologi penyiaran dengan frekuensi radio menggunakan teknik modulasi frekuensi (FM) telah dikenal sejak lama. Teknologi ini memfasilitasi pengiriman suara melalui sinyal analog dari pemancar kepada penerima. Pengembangan teknologi komunikasi menggunakan cahaya tampak yang memanfaatkan lampu LED sebagai pengirim informasi cukup banyak dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini diimplementasi sistem pengiriman dan penerimaaan siaran musik digital dengan memanfaatkan cahaya tampak yang berasal dari lampu penerangan di kafe. Sistem visible light communication (VLC) diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan metoda modulasi intensitas dan deteksi langsung (IM/DD). Dari hasil pengujian dapat ditunjukkan bahwa sistem ini dapat melewatkan siaran musik digital dengan redaman rata-rata 7,77 dB pada jarak maksimal adalah 3 meter. Hasil dari sistem yang telah dirancang dan diimplementasikan menunjukan hasil yang baik sehingga layak untuk diterapkan pada system penyiaran musik digital di kafe.Kata kunci: Visible Light Communication, IM/DD, Sistem Penyiaran Musik Digital, Sistem Penerangan Kafe.ABSTRACTBroadcasting technology uses radio frequency and technique of frequency modulation (FM) has been known for a long time. This technology allows the transmission of voice through analog signals from transmitter to receiver. Currently, many research on visible light communication technology utilizes LED lights as the sender. In this paper presented the results of transmitter and receiver system implementation of digital musik broadcast for use in the cafe. Visible light communication (VLC) system is implemented using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) method. From the test results can be shown that this system can pass digital musik broadcast with an average attenuation of 7.77 dB at maximum distance is 3 meters. Results of the system that has been designed and implemented shows good results, so it deserves to be applied to the digital musik broadcasting system in the cafe.Keywords: Visible Light Communication, IM/DD, Radio Broadcasting, Café Lighting.

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Zhang, Yining, Ranran Zhou, Woogeun Rhee, and Zhihua Wang. "A 1.9-mW 750-kb/s 2.4-GHz F-OOK Transmitter With Symmetric FM Template and High-Point Modulation PLL." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 2627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2713518.

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Chen, Chien-Sheng, Chyuan-Der Lu, Ho-Nien Shou, and Le-Wei Lin. "Baseband Transceiver Design of a High Definition Radio FM System Using Joint Theoretical Analysis and FPGA Implementation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/580479.

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Advances in wireless communications have enabled various technologies for wireless digital communication. In the field of digital radio broadcasting, several specifications have been proposed, such as Eureka-147 and digital radio mondiale (DRM). These systems require a new spectrum assignment, which incurs heavy cost due to the depletion of the available spectrum. Therefore, the in-band on-channel (IBOC) system has been developed to work in the same band with the conventional analog radio and to provide digital broadcasting services. This paper discusses the function and algorithm of the high definition (HD) radio frequency modulation (FM) digital radio broadcasting system. Content includes data format allocation, constellation mapping, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation of the transmitter, timing synchronization, OFDM demodulation, integer and fraction carrier frequency (integer carrier frequency offset (ICFO) and fractional CFO (FCFO)) estimation, and channel estimation of the receiver. When we implement this system to the field programmable gate array (FPGA) based on a hardware platform, both theoretical and practical aspects have been considered to accommodate the available hardware resources.

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Lake, Matthew William. "Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design of a Channel Buoy Mounted Oil Sensor System." Marine Technology and SNAME News 33, no. 01 (January 1, 1996): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1996.33.1.35.

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Due to high vessel traffic and the presence of industry, oil pollution is often an overwhelming menace. Oil spills potentially may remain undetected for long periods of time, despite routine surveillance by the Coat Guard and other environmental agencies. A Channel Buoy Mounted Oil Sensor System capable of warning oil spill response units of the presence of oil immediately after a spill occurs would greatly increase the effectiveness of cleanup efforts. The Channel Buoy Mounted Oil Sensor System (CBMOSS) has been designed to detect oil spills and subsequently send an alarm via a VHF-FM transmitter. This alarm could be received by a centralized monitoring station. The CBMOSS consists of an infrared oil monitor, logic circuit, VHF transmitter, power unit, and an antenna. The system is designed to be mounted and powered by existing U.S. Coast Guard lighted buoys. The system is fairly low powered and capable of running off existing power sources aboard lighted buoys. Due to the utilization of off-the-shelf components and low cost electrical gear, this system is relatively inexpensive. Though the Channel Buoy Mounted Oil Sensor System is intended to be used on buoys throughout a body of water at locations where there is a high probability of an oil spill, the system has the potential for use as an oil spill sensing platform in other applications as well.

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Novarianti, Dini. "Design and Implementation of Chebyshev Band Pass Filter with M-Derived Section in Frequency Band 88 - 108 MHz." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v8i1.147.

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FM radio broadcasting is a wireless communication system. Transmission in the frequency 88-108 MHz requires a bandpass filter to avoid interference with frequencies adjacent to the radio transmitter. The type of filter that has a fairly good performance is the Chebyshev filter with a fairly high level of steepness. However, to get a high level of steepness, a fairly large element value is required. So, in this study adding the m-derived series to give a steeper filter response without adding more element values.The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of adding an m-derived section to the chebyshev bandpass filter. The parameters tested are passband bandwidth, stopband bandwidth, shape factor, insertion loss, roll off, and power attenuation when used on the transmitter.Based on the measurements that have been made, it can be seen that the bandpass filter without m-derived has a maximum insertion loss value of 7 dB and a minimum insertion loss of 9 dB, while the bandpass filter with m-derived is 11 dB and 13. In the bandpass filter without m-derived and m-derived have a passband bandwidth of 27 MHz and 29 MHz and a stopband bandwidth of 70 MHz and 50 MHz. So that the bandpass filter without derived and m-derived has a shape factor value of 2.59 and 1.72. In the implementation using the transmitter, the bandpass filter without m-derived has a power attenuation of 2.53 dB while the m-derived bandpass filter has an attenuation of 1.5 dB.

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Wang, Nan-Lei, and Douglas Adam. "Low Power Design for Wireless RF Transceiver–An Industrial View." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 07, no. 01 (February 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126697000024.

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In recent years, wireless communication in the radio frequency has a rapid growth, most noticeably the cellular phone. Analog FM systems, such as AMPS and TACS, have won a great success. In the 90s, digital systems appear, such as GSM in Europe, IS54/136 and IS95 in US, and PDC in Japan. Most recently, PCS draws the attention; there are many standards proposed around the world and they all use digital modulation schemes. With the ISM bands at 900 MHz and 2.4 MHz, many other innovative application will become possible. Unlike the computer such RF wireless gadgets contain one peculiar subsystem: the RF transceiver. The RF transceiver translates the baseband voice and data to and from a radio frequency signal which is emitted and received by antennae. Each system specifies the operation frequency, the transmit power, the receiver sensitivity, and the signal quality. The RF transceiver must satisfy all these requirements. As technology progresses, portable product becomes the dominant one which relies on the rechargeable battery. To maintain a decent talk time standby time, the completed product must be designed with low power consumption in mind. In the portable cellular phone the RF transceiver faces the greatest challenge in the low power design since it is the most power hungry portion: the transmitter consumes 90% power during transmission in the FM cellular phone nowadays. To achieve low power consumption of the RF transceiver, the designer has to work to: (1) transceiver architecture to reduce parts count and therefore power comsumption. (2) selection/design the lowest power comsumption IC/module for a given function block. (3) maintain competitive pricing and small size. In this article, FM system will be used as the baseline example to illustrate the importance of the RF transceiver in low power application. The RF transceiver architecture is described first, followed by the introduction to each function block. State-of-the-art products for each function block will be referred to. Theorectical limit of power consumption for each block will be discussed. Impact from digital modulation on RF circuit design will be reviewed as well.

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Lancaster, W. C., O. W. Henson, and A. W. Keating. "Respiratory muscle activity in relation to vocalization in flying bats." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.1.175.

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The structure of the thoracic and abdominal walls of Pteronotus parnellii (Microchiroptera: Mormoopidae) was described with respect to their function in respiration and vocalization. We monitored electromyographic activity of respiratory and flight muscles in relation to echolocative vocalization. In flight, signals were telemetered with a small FM transmitter modified to summate the low-frequency myopotentials with biosonar signals from a ceramic-crystal microphone. Recordings were also made from the same bats confined to a small cage. Vocalizations were used as the parameter by which all muscle activities were correlated. A discrete burst of activity in the lateral abdominal wall muscles accompanied each vocalization. Diaphragmatic myopotentials occurred between groups of calls and did not coincide with activity of the abdominal wall or with vocalizations. Flight muscles were not active in resting bats. During flight, vocalizations and the abdominal muscle activity that accompanied them coincided with myopotentials of the pectoralis and serratus ventralis muscles. We propose that contractions of the lateral abdominal wall provide the primary power for the production of intense biosonar vocalization in flying and in stationary bats. In flight, synchronization of vocalization with activity of the pectoralis and serratus ventralis jointly contribute to the pressurization of the thoraco-abdominal cavity. This utilization of pressure that is normally generated in flight facilitates respiration and allows for the production of intense vocalizations with little additional energetic expenditure.

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Patel, Animesh JK. "FM Transmitters in the Operating Theatre." Journal of Perioperative Practice 17, no. 5 (May 2007): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890701700501.

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BERNHARDT, PAUL A. "COMMUNICATIONS USING CHAOTIC FREQUENCY MODULATION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 02 (April 1994): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000289.

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Chaotic Frequency Modulation (CFM) provides the basis for a nonlinear communications system with (1) good noise suppression and (2) analogue signal encryption for private and secure communications links. CFM is a generalization of conventional Wideband Frequency Modulation (WFM) where the information about modulation samples mk are contained in the lengths of the periods pk for the kth cycle of the WFM waveform. A WFM modulator produces waveform periods described by an invertible function of the form pk=F(mk). Chaotic FM uses a map of the pulse periods to produce a noise-like pulse train even with a constant signal. The basis for CFM is a function pk=F(mk; pk−1, pk−2, …, pk−i), where i is the dimensionality of the map. A practical realization for a CFM transmitter employs an autonomous chaotic relaxation oscillator (ACRO) circuit for use as a chaotic voltage-controlled oscillator (CVCO). The ACRO is simple to construct, consisting of only two capacitors, one inductor, a bistable nonlinear element, and a modulated current source. The CVCO period (pk) is a nonlinear function of the current (mk) and the two previous pulse periods. Demodulation requires the use of at least three successive waveform-periods. Experimental and theoretical studies of the CVCO circuit have shown that (1) the ACRO return maps of pulse periods are embedded in three dimensions, (2) chaotic outputs are difficult to decode without prior knowledge of the circuit parameters, and (3) demodulation may be accomplished with a digital signal processor.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FM Transmitter'

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