Journal articles: 'FME'

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Castro, Juliana Brandão Pinto de, Rosana Dias de Oliveira Brum, Carlos Soares Pernambuco, and Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale. "ANÁLISE DE CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE FORÇA MUSCULAR, IGF-1 E AUTONOMIA FUNCIONAL EM IDOSAS COM EXCESSO DE PESO SUBMETIDAS A EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS AQUÁTICOS." Revista de Investigación en Actividades Acuáticas 3, no. 5 (January 31, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v3i5.1575.

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Contexto: Dentre as alterações orgânicas que tendem a ocorrer com o envelhecimento, tem-se a redução da força muscular, dos níveis séricos de IGF-1 e da autonomia funcional (AF). Contudo, esses efeitos deletérios podem ser amenizados por meio da prática de exercícios físicos, como a hidroginástica.Objetivos: Analisar a correlação entre força muscular, IGF-1, IGFBP3 e AF em idosas com excesso de peso submetidas a exercícios resistidos aquáticos.Método: A amostra foi composta por 14 idosas (idade: 68,93 ± 4,46 anos; IMC: 28,55 ± 2,08 kg/m2) submetidas a exercícios resistidos aquáticos durante 12 semanas. A intervenção ocorreu 3 vezes por semana, com 50 minutos por sessão de treinamento. A força muscular foi mensurada através de dinamometria, incluindo força de membros inferiores e de preensão palmar direita (FMD) e esquerda (FME). A coleta de sangue para análise do IGF-1 e seu principal carreador, o IGFBP3, foi realizada através do método quimioluminescência. A AF foi avaliada por meio do protocolo de autonomia GDLAM.Resultados: O teste de correlação de Pearson apresentou correlação (r) positiva e significativa entre FMD e FME, FMD e IGF1, FMD e IGFBP3, FME e IGF1, FME e IGFBP3, e IGF1 e IGFBP3.Conclusoes: A prática de exercícios resistidos aquáticos pode melhorar os níveis de força muscular de preensão manual, de IGF1 e de IGFBP3 em idosas com excesso de peso.

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Castro, Juliana Brandão Pinto de, Rosana Dias de Oliveira Brum, Carlos Soares Pernambuco, and Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale. "ANÁLISE DE CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE FORÇA MUSCULAR, IGF-1 E AUTONOMIA FUNCIONAL EM IDOSAS COM EXCESSO DE PESO SUBMETIDAS A EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS AQUÁTICOS." Revista de Investigación en Actividades Acuáticas 3, no. 5 (January 31, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v3i5.417.

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Contexto: Dentre as alterações orgânicas que tendem a ocorrer com o envelhecimento, tem-se a redução da força muscular, dos níveis séricos de IGF-1 e da autonomia funcional (AF). Contudo, esses efeitos deletérios podem ser amenizados por meio da prática de exercícios físicos, como a hidroginástica.Objetivos: Analisar a correlação entre força muscular, IGF-1, IGFBP3 e AF em idosas com excesso de peso submetidas a exercícios resistidos aquáticos.Método: A amostra foi composta por 14 idosas (idade: 68,93 ± 4,46 anos; IMC: 28,55 ± 2,08 kg/m2) submetidas a exercícios resistidos aquáticos durante 12 semanas. A intervenção ocorreu 3 vezes por semana, com 50 minutos por sessão de treinamento. A força muscular foi mensurada através de dinamometria, incluindo força de membros inferiores e de preensão palmar direita (FMD) e esquerda (FME). A coleta de sangue para análise do IGF-1 e seu principal carreador, o IGFBP3, foi realizada através do método quimioluminescência. A AF foi avaliada por meio do protocolo de autonomia GDLAM.Resultados: O teste de correlação de Pearson apresentou correlação (r) positiva e significativa entre FMD e FME, FMD e IGF1, FMD e IGFBP3, FME e IGF1, FME e IGFBP3, e IGF1 e IGFBP3.Conclusoes: A prática de exercícios resistidos aquáticos pode melhorar os níveis de força muscular de preensão manual, de IGF1 e de IGFBP3 em idosas com excesso de peso.

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Ho, Hui-Ya, Jin-Bin Wu, and Wen-Chuan Lin. "Flemingia macrophyllaExtract Ameliorates Experimental Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep179.

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Flemingia macrophylla(Leguminosae), a native plant of Taiwan, is used as folk medicine. Anin vitrostudy showed that a 75% ethanolic extract ofF. macrophylla(FME) inhibited osteoclast differentiation of cultured rat bone marrow cells, and the active component, lespedezaflavanone A (LDF-A), was isolated. It was found that oral administration of FME for 13 weeks suppressed bone loss in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of osteoporosis. In addition, FME decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations but did not inhibit serum alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating that it ameliorated bone loss via inhibition of bone resorption. These results suggest that FME may represent a useful remedy for the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis. In addition, LDF-A could be used as a marker compound to control the quality of FME.

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Chetty, Sylvie, Masoud Karami, and Oscar Martín Martín. "Opportunity Discovery and Creation as a Duality: Evidence from Small Firms’ Foreign Market Entries." Journal of International Marketing 26, no. 3 (September 2018): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jim.17.0005.

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Little research addresses the likely enabling character of the discovery and creation of opportunities during the internationalization of small firms or how international opportunities are found and constructed during the process of foreign market entry (FME). This article therefore studies how opportunities become connected during small firms’ FME. By incorporating the concept of duality, this article conceives of the discovery and creation of opportunity as mutually enabling rather than opposed. From this duality perspective, opportunity discovery and creation facilitate each other during internationalization processes. This case study involves five high-tech Australian firms and 30 FMEs. The findings show that knowledge, networks, and capabilities enable opportunities in the FME context. International opportunities are connected and nested in different levels of generality and specificity. The FME opportunities may be based on opportunity embeddedness, because each opportunity has implications for other opportunities. The findings lead to a model and propositions to explain the relationships between opportunity discovery and creation in FME.

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Hassan, Nurudeen, Cathryn Withycombe, Maninder Ahluwalia, Andrew Thomas, and Keith Morris. "A methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds regulates markers of macrophage polarization." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 5, no. 12 (December 29, 2015): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v5i12.216.

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Background: Macrophages are key cellular mediators in diabetes-related inflammation. Molecular cues such as cytokines found in the tissue microenvironment regulates the polarization of macrophages into an M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (immunoregulatory) phenotype. Recent evidence suggests that M1 macrophages in diabetic patients may contribute to the complications associated with the disease such as atherosclerosis. Trigonella foenum- graecum (Tfg: fenugreek) seeds have been used in traditional medicine in Asia, Africa and the Middle-East for their alleged anti-diabetic properties.Objective: To identify the molecular mechanism(s) through which Tfg seeds exert their effects, we investigated the role of a crude methanolic extract of Tfg (FME) seeds on macrophage polarization in vitro.Method: THP-1 macrophages (Mϕ) were treated with gBSA in the presence/absence of FME and the release and expression of M1 and M2 markers/cytokines were analysed. The role of FME on NF-κB activity was also explored using transfected HEK-293T cells.Results: This study found that the FME significantly (P<0.05) decreased gBSA-induced secretion of M1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) in THP-1 Mϕ cells. In the presence of gBSA, FME also significantly increased the gene expression of the M2 marker Dectin-1, but had no effect on IL-10, IL-1Ra. FME also significantly decreased TNF-α induced NF-kB reporter activity.Conclusion: These results suggest that FME can regulate the expression of M1 and M2 markers in THP-1 Mϕ cells. This may be potentially through the modulation of NF-kB activity. Further work should be carried out to identify precise mechanism(s) involved in the effects of FME and Tfg seeds.Keywords: chronic inflammation, macrophage polarization, diabetes, glycated BSA, THP-1 cells, Trigonella foenum graecum, fenugreek seeds, NF-κB,

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Smith, H. Arlen, and C. Robert Taylor. "Finite Mixture Estimation of Size Economies and Cost Frontiers in the Face of Multiple Production Technologies." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008361.

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AbstractFinite mixture estimation (FME) is compared to estimated generalized least squares (EGLS) in the estimation of economies of size and production cost frontiers for Alabama dairy farms. FME provides several unique insights into the economic forces behind recent changes in Alabama's dairy industry. FME provides estimation of a stochastic average cost frontier with known statistical properties, which it was not otherwise possible to obtain using available stochastic frontier estimation packages.

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Chamberlaina, A. T., K. Seyoum, D. Chapman, and C. Piotrowski. "The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600024661.

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The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

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Mananga, Eugene Stephane. "Applications of Floquet–Magnus and Fer expansion approaches on rotary-resonance recoupling sequence in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 24 (September 30, 2019): 1950278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502783.

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In this work, we used the Floquet–Magnus expansion (FME) and the Fer expansion (FE) approaches to investigate the spin dynamics during the rotary-resonance recoupling (R3) radiation experiment in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR). We reformulated the two approaches and calculated their respective effective Hamiltonians and propagators. We compared the two approaches and found that the FME is more appropriate to describe the spin dynamics in the R3 experiment compared to the FE. The equations governing the spin dynamics of the first three orders of the FME look similar to the equations of the FE. Nevertheless, the FME has two additional parameters making the approach more applicable to various situations. This clearly shows that the FME will be more practical for the modifications of the R3 pulse sequence with the major corrections coming from the terms that include the additional parameters, which are not available in the FE. This work is significant and contributes theoretically and numerically in the field of spin dynamics, magnetic resonance and in particular SSNMR.

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Chiang, Hsiu-Mei, Hua-Hsien Chiu, Sue-Tsai Liao, Yen-Ting Chen, Hsien-Chang Chang, and Kuo-Ching Wen. "Isoflavonoid-RichFlemingia macrophyllaExtract Attenuates UVB-Induced Skin Damage by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting MAP Kinase and MMP Expression." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/696879.

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In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity and anti-photoaging properties of an extract ofFlemingia macrophylla, a plant rich in isoflavonoid content. Pretreatment of fibroblasts withFlemingia macrophyllaextract (FME) inhibited elastase activity, promoted the protein expression of type I procollagen, and attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the protein expression of matrix-metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, 3, and 9. The IC50values were 2.1 μg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging ability, 366.8 μg/mL for superoxide anion scavenging ability, 178.9 μg/mL for hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability, and 230.9 μg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. Also, exposure of erythrocytes to various concentrations of FME (50–500 μg/mL) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis. In human fibroblasts, FME at 10 μg/mL was shown to be a potent scavenger of UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant and anti-photoaging properties of FME make it an ideal anti-intrinsic aging and anti-photoaging agent.

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Desbiolles, Norbert, Lionel Piroth, Catherine Lequeu, Catherine Neuwirth, Henri Portier, and Pascal Chavanet. "Fractional Maximal Effect Method for In Vitro Synergy between Amoxicillin and Ceftriaxone and between Vancomycin and Ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalisand Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 3328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3328-3333.2001.

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ABSTRACT In the present study we assessed the use of a new in vitro testing method and graphical representation of the results to investigate the potential effectiveness of combinations of amoxicillin (AMZ) plus ceftriaxone (CRO) and of CRO plus vancomycin (VAN) against strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae highly resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins (PRP strains). We used the fractional maximal effect (FME) method of time-kill curves to calculate adequate concentrations of the drugs to be tested rather than relying on arbitrary choices. The concentrations obtained, each of which corresponded to a fraction of the maximal effect, were tested alone and in combination with the bacterial strains in a broth medium. Synergy was defined as a ratio of observed effect/theoretical effect, called FME, of greater than 1, additivity was defined as an FME equal to 1, and antagonism was defined as an observed effect lower than the best effect of one of the antibiotics used alone. The area between antagonism and additivity is the indifference zone. The well-known synergy between amoxicillin and gentamicin against a reference strain of Enterococcus faecalis was confirmed, with a best FME equal to 1.07. Two strains of PRP, strains PRP-1 and PRP-2, were studied. The MICs for PRP-1 and PRP-2 were as follows: penicillin, 4 and 16 μg/ml, respectively; AMZ, 2 and 8 μg/ml, respectively, CRO, 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively; and VAN, 0.5 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. For PRP-1 the best FME for the combination AMZ-CRO was 1.22 with drug concentrations of 1.68 mg/liter for AMZ and 0.17 mg/liter for CRO; the best FME for the combination VAN-CRO was 1.75 with VAN at 0.57 mg/liter and CRO at 0.17 mg/liter. For PRP-2 the best FME obtained for the combination AMZ-CRO was 1.05 with drug concentrations of 11.28 mg/liter for AMZ and 0.64 mg/liter for CRO; the best FME obtained for the combination VAN-CRO was 1.35 with VAN at 0.25 mg/liter and CRO at 1.49 mg/liter. These results demonstrated the synergy of both combinations, AMZ-CRO and VAN-CRO, against PRP strains at drug concentrations achievable in humans. Consequently, either of the combinations can be proposed for use for the treatment of PRP infections.

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Wang, Xuansheng, Zheqi Lin, Zhen Chen, and Zhongming Teng. "Improving Flexible Manifold Embedding Method for Better Recognition of Face Images." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.4361.

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Flexible Manifold Embedding (FME) is a semi-supervised manifold learning framework with good applicability. FME can effectively exploit label information from labeled data as well as a manifold structure from both labeled and unlabeled data to reduce the dimension of data. FME employs a simple but effective linear regression function to map new data points and it aims to find optimal prediction labels F for all training samples X, the linear regression h(X) and the regression residue F0 = F− h(X). In this paper, we proposed a novel idea to improve the accuracy of FME. We produce the mirror image of the face and then integrate the original face image and its mirror image to extend training samples X. The mirror image shares the same class label with the original face image, so to simultaneously use the mirror image and original face image can partially eliminate the side-effect on face recognition of the variation of poses and illuminations of original face images of the same person. The proposed method combines the advantages of the FME and extended training samples for face recognition. Moreover, the mirror image used in the proposed method can also enhance the robustness of the method. Experiments carried out on public face databases show that the proposed method can obtain notable accuracy improvement.

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Lopera Pareja, Emilia Hermelinda. "¿Esto es por el cambio climático? Los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos en la prensa española (2000-2010): ocurrencia y atención mediática." Disertaciones Anuario electrónico estudios de comunicación social 10, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/disertaciones/a.4630.

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La ocurrencia de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos (FME) ocupa el segundo puesto en la lista de riesgos derivados del cambio climático (CC), según el IPCC. Desde la aproximación de la teoría de la amplificación social del riesgo, la cobertura informativa de esta conexión causal contribuiría a “amplificar” la sensación de vulnerabilidad y exposición a estas catástrofes naturales y, en última instancia, a facilitar y agilizar las medidas de mitigación y adaptación. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el papel de la información periodística sobre la ciencia del clima como vector para popularizar la relación entre CC y FME. Para ello se monitorizan la ocurrencia e impactos de los FME y una muestra de informaciones sobre la ciencia del clima en la prensa española en el periodo 2000-2010. Los resultados revelan que la conexión CC-FME está presente en más de un tercio de la cobertura informativa de la ciencia del clima, bien sea asociada al aumento de las temperaturas o al impacto socioeconómico; su inclusión en el discurso mediático no depende tanto del periódico como del marco temporal, detectándose cierta permeabilidad los años en que ocurren grandes catástrofes.

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Mazani, Mohammad, Shokofeh Banaei, and Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh. "Feverfew attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2020.06.

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Introduction: Feverfew is an herbal medicine with the traditional usage of treating several disorders. Some investigations have demonstrated that feverfew is an effective remedy for the prophylactic treatment of inflammatory conditions, migraine and menstrual disorders. Therefore, this study was arranged out to evaluate the protective or curative potentials of feverfew methanolic extract (FME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative trauma in testis. Methods: In this experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=6). Group I as a normal control received 1 mL/kg distilled water for 14 days orally and on the 14th-day olive oil (1.5 mL/kg, i.p.). Group II received 1 mL/kg distilled water orally for 14 consecutive days. Groups III, IV and V animals were pretreatment groups and treated with three different doses of FME (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) for 14 days. All groups except group one, were also intoxicated with 1.5 ml CCl4 (i.p, in a 1:1 dilution with olive oil) on the 14th day. Groups VI and VII were post-treatment groups and received FME (80 and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after CCl4 injection. Results: Injection of CCl4 significantly (P < 0.001) reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) and increased malondialdehyde when compared to the control group. Administration of FME significantly (P < 0.05) improved these alterations near to control rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that FME has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damage, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.

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Bugge, Mignon, and Wolfgang Mörke. "FME-Untersuchungen von Ni-Clustern auf SiO2." Zeitschrift für Chemie 25, no. 2 (August 31, 2010): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19850250218.

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Parker, James, and Al Karlin. "GIS Tips & Tricks—FME Tool Tips." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.11.657.

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Mananga, Eugene Stephane, and Thibault Charpentier. "Revisiting the applications of Floquet–Magnus and Fer expansion approaches in physics and solid-state NMR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 22 (August 20, 2018): 1850236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502363.

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In this paper, we revisit, from different perspectives, the applications of Floquet–Magnus expansion (FME) and Fer expansion (FE) in NMR and physics. We use these expansion schemes for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators. We found that the FME is related to the FE. While both approaches are powerful methods, there are subtle differences between them. To understand the differences, we performed explicit calculation on various problems, namely, Bloch–Siegert shift, Cross Polarization (CP) and Continuous Waves (CW). We put the work in a prospect that is related to spin physics in order to make the calculation more general. As the propagator from the FME takes the form of the evolution operator, which removes the constraint of a stroboscopic observation, we appreciated the effects of time-evolution under Hamiltonians with different orders separately.

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Blanchon, David. "Le forum mondial de l’eau (FME) et le forum alternatif mondial de l’eau (FAME)." Journal des anthropologues, no. 132-133 (July 8, 2013): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jda.5064.

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Popović, Maša D., Miloš D. Kostić, Sindi Z. Rodić, and Ljubica M. Konstantinović. "Feedback-Mediated Upper Extremities Exercise: Increasing Patient Motivation in Poststroke Rehabilitation." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/520374.

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Purpose. This proof-of-concept study investigated whether feedback-mediated exercise (FME) of the affected arm of hemiplegic patients increases patient motivation and promotes greater improvement of motor function, compared to no-feedback exercise (NFE).Method. We developed a feedback-mediated treatment that uses gaming scenarios and allows online and offline monitoring of both temporal and spatial characteristics of planar movements. Twenty poststroke hemiplegic inpatients, randomly assigned to the FME and NFE group, received therapy five days a week for three weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated from the following: (1) the modified drawing test (mDT), (2) received therapy time—RTT, and (3) intrinsic motivation inventory—IMI.Results. The FME group patients showed significantly higher improvement in the speed metric (P<0.01), and smoothness metric (P<0.01), as well as higher RTT (P<0.01). Significantly higher patient motivation is observed in the FME group (interest/enjoyment subscale (P<0.01) and perceived competence subscale (P<0.01)).Conclusion. Prolonged endurance in training and greater improvement in certain areas of motor function, as well as very high patient motivation and strong positive impressions about the treatment, suggest the positive effects of feedback-mediated treatment and its high level of acceptance by patients.

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Hari Prasad, Tarigonda, R. Meenakshi Reddy, and P. Mallikarjuna Rao. "Experimental Studies on the Performance of C.I Engine with Fish Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Various Blends of Diesel and LPG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.687.

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Fossil fuels are exhausting quickly because of incremental utilization rate due to increase population and essential comforts on par with civilization. In this connection, the conventional fuels especially petrol and diesel for internal combustion engines, are getting exhausted at an alarming rate. In order to plan for survival of technology in future it is necessary to plan for alternate fuels. Further, these fossil fuels cause serious environmental problems as they release toxic gases into the atmosphere at high temperatures and concentrations. The predicted global energy consumption is increasing at faster rate. In view of this and many other related issues, these fuels will have to be replaced completely or partially by less harmful alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source fuels for the internal combustion engines. Hence, throughout the world, lot of research work is in progress pertaining to suitability and feasibility of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the promising sources of energy to mitigate both the serious problems of the society viz., depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. In the present work, experiments are carried out on a Single cylinder diesel engine which is commonly used in agricultural sector. Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG through inlet manifold. The engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation using LPG through inlet manifold as fuel along FME as ignition source. The brake thermal efficiency of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is increased at an average of 5% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. HC emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced by about at an average of 21% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. CO emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blends are reduced at an average of 33.6% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. NOx emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced at an average of 4.4% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. Smoke opacity of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced at an average of 10% when compared to the pure diesel fuel.

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Cabrita, A. R. J., A. J. M. Fonseca, C. Sampaio, E. Gomes, and R. J. Dewhurst. "Effects of the ratio of effective rumen degradable protein to fermentable metabolizable energy on voluntary intake and milk yields of dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200005664.

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Diets with low ratios of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP) to fermentable metabolizable energy (FME) are often offered to dairy cows in Portugal, because they are based on maize silage and protein sources are very expensive. It seems likely that this will restrict microbial protein synthesis and voluntary intake and, consequently, lead to reduced milk yields. The objective of this study was to examine the production response of dairy cows offered diets differing in ERDP/FME ratio.

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Zhang, Quanzhong, Haiyan Wei, Zefang Zhao, Jing Liu, Qiao Ran, Junhong Yu, and Wei Gu. "Optimization of the Fuzzy Matter Element Method for Predicting Species Suitability Distribution Based on Environmental Data." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103444.

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Over the years, with the efforts of many researchers, the field of species distribution model (SDM) has been well explored. The model of fuzzy matter elements (FME), which, combined with GIS to predict species distribution, has received extensive attention since its emergence. Based on previous studies, this paper improved FME, extended the scope of the membership degree and habitat suitability index, and explored the unsuitable areas of species. We have enhanced the limitation effect of key variables on species habitats, making the operation of FME more consistent with biological laws. By optimizing the FME, it could avoid the accumulation of predicted errors with multi-variables, and make the predicted results more reasonable. In this study, Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino was used as an example. The experimental process used several major environmental variables (climate, soil, and terrain variables) to predict the habitat suitability distribution of G. pentaphyllum in China for its current and future period, which includes the period of 2050s (average for 2041–2060) and 2070s (average for 2061–2080) under representative concentration pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5). The results of the analysis showed that the model performed well with a high accuracy by reducing the redundancy of the environmental data. The study could relieve the reliance on a large database of environmental information and propose a new approach for protecting the G. pentaphyllum in unsuitable areas under climate change.

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McKendrick, E. J., and S. P. Marsh. "Replacement of concentrates with molasses in grass silage based diets for dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029822.

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Provision of a balanced supply of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) and effective rumen degradable protein to rumen microbes enables maximum utilisation of energy and protein in dairy cow diets. Cane molasses containing a high proportion of water soluble carbohydrates can be very effective source of FME in dairy cow diets. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of molasses and fishmeal in the concentrate component of the diet, on the performance of lactating dairy cows.

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Hadjipanayiotou, M., E. Georghiades, and A. Koumas. "The effect of protein source on the performance of suckling Chios ewes and Damascus goats." Animal Science 46, no. 2 (April 1988): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100042318.

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AbstractTwo trials, one with 36 twin-suckling Chios ewes and the other with 32 twin-suckling Damascus goats, were conducted to study the effect of protein source (fish meal v. soya-bean meal) on the pre-weaning milk yield of the dams, and the growth performance of their offspring. The control (C) concentrate mixture was similar in both trials, using soya-bean meal (SBM) (195 kg/t) as a source of supplemental protein. In the experimental diet (FME) of the ewe trial, SBM was replaced completely by fish meal (FM) whereas in the goat trial (FMG) 83 kg of SBM were replaced by 50 kg FM. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation of the three isonitrogenous mixtures were measured using nylon bags incubated in the rumens (2, 6, 16, 24 and 32 h) of three Damascus goats. There were no significant differences between mixtures for DM and CP effective degradability at 005 per h outflow rate. At 0·08 per h outflow rate however, lower degradability values were obtained with the FME than with the C diet. There were differences in the effective CP degradability of SBM and FM used in the ewe trial, but the FM used in the goat trial was of higher CP degradability and similar to that of SBM. Ewes on FM produced more milk than those on the control diet (C 3·44 v. FME 3·84 kg/day), whereas milk yield of goats was similar in the two treatments (C 3·87 v. FMG 3·82 kg/day). There were no differences between treatments for ewe milk fat (C 44 v. FME 43 g/kg) or protein concentration (C 54 v. FME 53 g/kg). Goats on fish meal (FMG) produced milk of higher protein (C 37 v. FMG 40 g/kg), but of similar fat (C 42 v. FMG 43 g/kg) concentration to those on the SBM (C) diet. With the exception of the better conversion (milk: gain ratio) efficiency (C 5·17 v. FME 4·44) of male lambs sucking ewes on the FM diet, no other differences were observed in the performance of lambs or kids. Lambs consumed less milk than kids (lambs: males 4·69, females 5·13; kids: males 6·63, females 6·98) per unit of weight gain.

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Gravely, Annabel K., Alice Vlasov, Amy Freeman, Kay Wu, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Robert D’Cruz, and Jane Batt. "Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in Caenorhabditis elegans in Microgravity." Gravitational and Space Research 6, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2018-0003.

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AbstractBoth Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and astronauts in spaceflight suffer from muscle atrophy. Previous research suggests that the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, but it is not known if ASM influences muscle atrophy in microgravity. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were exposed to microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS) within the confines of a Fluid Mixing Enclosure (FME). Return of the FME yielded 72,050 live nematodes, the first demonstration of C. elegans survival of space travel in an FME. After the nematodes returned to Earth, in much larger numbers than seen in previous FME experiments, the size and ASM expression levels in experimental worms were compared to control Earth-bound worms. C. elegans that returned from the ISS were larger in both length and cross-sectional area than the control worms, and they exhibited decreased expression of ASM-1 and ASM-2 proteins. Further research must be conducted to elucidate the role of ASM in muscle atrophy, as there were many limitations to this study. Understanding the role of ASM in muscle atrophy may lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment of both ALS and muscle atrophy in microgravity. This study was a student led initiative and undertaken as a project within the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), under the auspices of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education.

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Onderová, Iveta, Viliam Čačko, Ľudovít Kolláth, Ľubomír Šooš, Andrej Smelík, and Alexander Varga. "PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATIC SORTING EQUIPMENT." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0573.

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The aim of the research work was focused on a research of manipulators design using suction grippers. The results of the research can be applied in the design of jigs - manipulators for handling thin sheets. The FME analysis was used in the investigation to show the course of elastic deformations and stresses in stressed areas. An experimental observation of the change in the free deflection of the workpiece from the positioning of the suction cups under gravity load by means of a laser 3D scanner was carried out for the FEM deflection detection method.

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Yolkina, O. E. "100 УEARS OF SBIH MR “BUREAU OF FME”." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 5, no. 1 (May 4, 2019): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-1-61-62.

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This article is about an important event – the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the forensic medical service of the Moscow Region. The author describes the moments of the anniversary celebration of this organization, which has become a significant event in the history of Russia’s largest state forensic institution.

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Koukofikis, Athanasios, and Volker Coors. "Optimized conversion from CityGML to X3D using FME." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 66, no. 5 (September 2016): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03545285.

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Agamasu, Constance, Rodolfo Ghirlando, and Andrew Stephen. "Biophysical Insights into the KRAS4b-FMe-Calmodulin Interaction." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 51a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.319.

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Jantrawut, Pensak, Kasidech Boonsermsukcharoen, Kanyanut Thipnan, Tanpong Chaiwarit, Kyu-Mok Hwang, and Eun-Seok Park. "Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Orange Oil in Pectin Thin Film by Microemulsion." Nanomaterials 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070545.

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The purpose of this study was to prepare orange oil microemulsion (ME) and to investigate the antimicrobial activity of film containing orange oil ME. First, surfactants and co-surfactants were screened on their efficiency to form ME using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The influences of surfactant and co-surfactant mass ratios were studied and optimized ME-loaded-films were prepared. Then, films containing orange oil ME were characterized by SEM and texture analyzer, and then evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes using an agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that Tween 80 as surfactant and propylene glycol as co-surfactant at a 1:1 ratio possessed the maximum ME area. Three ME formulations of ME 20, ME 25, and ME 30, which consisted of 20, 25, and 30% w/v of orange oil were prepared, respectively. All ME formulations showed particle sizes of about 60.26–80.00 nm, with broad a polydispersity index of 0.42. The orange oil ME films exhibited higher elastic values than the control. The diameters of inhibition zones for FME 20, FME 25, and FME 30 against P. acnes were 13.64, 15.18, and 16.10 mm, respectively. Only the FME 30 had an antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with 8.32 mm of inhibition zone. Contrarily, the control film had no antimicrobial activity against both bacteria. In conclusion, the present study found that the antibacterial activity of orange oil in pectin thin film could be enhanced by preparing orange oil as an ME before loading into pectin thin film.

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Chamberlain, A. J. "The gas production capacity of purified chemicals and feedstuffs when incubated in vitro with rumen microbes as a possible indicator of energy availability in the rumen." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026386.

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The metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) introduced the term Fermentable Metabolisable Energy (FME) as a measure of the amount of energy that was available in the rumen to support microbial activity. FME is currently derived from theoretical considerations rather than direct measurement; it is on based metabolisable energy (ME) but does not take into account rumen outflow rates and gives limited consideration to the chemical composition of feeds. Gas production from in vitro fermentation of feeds is an indicator of microbial activity which might be a suitable assessment of the rumen available energy content of feeds.

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Wang, Yumin, and Weijian Ran. "Comprehensive Eutrophication Assessment Based on Fuzzy Matter Element Model and Monte Carlo-Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 19, 2019): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101769.

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Evaluating the eutrophication level of lakes with a single method alone is challenging since uncertain, fuzzy, and complex processes exist in eutrophication evaluations. The parameters selected for assessing eutrophication include chlorophyII-a, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and clarity. Firstly, to deal with the uncertainties and fuzziness of data, triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) were applied to describe the fuzziness of parameters. Secondly, to assess the eutrophication grade of lakes comprehensively, an improved fuzzy matter element (FME) approach was incorporated with TFNs with weights determined by combination of entropy method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In addition, the Monte Carlo (MC) approach was applied to easily simulate the arithmetic operations of eutrophication evaluation. The hybrid model of TFN, FME, and MC method is termed as the TFN–MC–FME model, which can provide more valuable information for decision makers. The developed model was applied to assess the eutrophication levels of 24 typical lakes in China. The evaluation indicators were expressed by TFNs input into the FME model to evaluate eutrophication grade. The results of MC simulation supplied quantitative information of possible intervals, the corresponding probabilities, as well as the comprehensive eutrophication levels. The eutrophication grades obtained for most lakes were identical to the results of the other three methods, which proved the correctness of the model. The presented methodology can be employed to process the data uncertainties and fuzziness by stochastically simulating their distribution characteristics, and obtain a better understanding of eutrophication levels. Moreover, the proposed model can also describe the trend of eutrophication development in lakes, and provide more valuable information for lake management authorities.

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Dhamrait, S., R. Moulding, A. Rumley, G. D. O. Lowe, M. J. World, S. E. Humphries, H. E. Montgomery, and D. J. Brull. "The Effect of Fibrinogen Genotype on Fibrinogen Levels after Strenuous Physical Exercise." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 87, no. 01 (2002): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612940.

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SummaryWe have examined the effect of two f3-fibrinogen gene promoter polymorphisms (-455G>A and -854G>A) on the fibrinogen response to severe exercise in a group of male army recruits undergoing basic training. Fibrinogen was measured pre-training and again serially after severe 48 h final military exercise (FME). Out of 884 subjects, 762 completed training of whom 250 were selected for post-FME study. Fibrinogen levels (g/l) were significantly elevated over baseline levels 2, 48 and 96 h after FME, representing increases of 15.7%, 3.4% and 7.6% (p <0.005; p = 0.05 and p <0.005 respectively), with higher levels in -455A allele carriers than genotype -455GG: 3.17 ± 0.05 vs. 2.94 ± 0.05 (p <0.001), 2.86 ± 0.05 vs. 2.60 ± 0.05 (p <0.0005) and 2.98 ± 0.06 vs. 2.69 ± 0.06 (p <0.0005) at 2, 48 and 96 h respectively. There was no effect of the -854G>A polymorphism on fibrinogen, even after taking into account f3-fibrinogen -455 genotype. Thus the fibrinogen -455G>A polymorphism influences fibrinogen levels following exercise. The effect of genotype might be clinically relevant at times of hyperfibrinogenaemia such as following an acute inflammatory response.

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Chen, Xiao, Hongfa Xu, Hansheng Geng, Lu Dong, and Jixiang Zhang. "A New Equivalent Statistical Damage Constitutive Model on Rock Block Mixed Up with Fluid Inclusions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3080173.

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So far, there are few studies concerning the effect of closed “fluid inclusions” on the macroscopic constitutive relation of deep rock. Fluid-matrix element (FME) is defined based on rock element in statistical damage model. The properties of FME are related to the size of inclusions, fluid properties, and pore pressure. Using FME, the equivalent elastic modulus of rock block containing fluid inclusions is obtained with Eshelby inclusion theory and the double M-T homogenization method. The new statistical damage model of rock is established on the equivalent elastic modulus. Besides, the porosity and confining pressure are important influencing factors of the model. The model reflects the initial damage (void and fluid inclusion) and the macroscopic deformation law of rock, which is an improvement of the traditional statistical damage model. Additionally, the model can not only be consistent with the rock damage experiment date and three-axis compression experiment date of rock containing pore water but also describe the locked-in stress experiment in rock-like material. It is a new fundamental study of the constitutive relation of locked-in stress in deep rock mass.

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Matta, Thiago Torres da, Talita Adão Perini, Glauber Lameira de Oliveira, Juliana dos Santos Ornellas, Angelina Adriana Louzada, José Magalhães, Luís Aureliano Imbiriba, and Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia. "Interpretação dos mecanismos de gradação da força muscular através da acelerometria." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 11, no. 5 (October 2005): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922005000500012.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as componentes temporais e espectrais dos abalos musculares em diferentes níveis de contração muscular através da acelerometria. Participaram do estudo 15 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino, todos destros. O experimento constou de um teste de carga máxima (CM) que permitiu determinar cinco cargas percentuais administradas durante os testes de força (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CM), em isometria e por oito segundos cada. Um acelerômetro biaxial foi colocado sobre o ventre muscular do bíceps braquial direito. A raiz média quadrática (valor RMS), um parâmetro temporal, e a freqüência média (FME), um parâmetro espectral, foram extraídas dos sinais de acelerometria (sinal de MMG). Estes parâmetros foram analisados nas direções X (perpendicular às fibras) e Y (paralela às fibras). Ambos os grupos apresentaram comportamento decrescente da FME (Y) com a carga, sendo mais pronunciado para o grupo feminino. A variável FME (X), no grupo feminino, apresentou comportamento semelhante à FME (Y), sendo apenas observada diferença estatística significativa entre 20% da CM e todas as demais cargas (p = 0,0022 para 40% e p < 0,0001 para as demais). O grupo masculino não apresentou diferença estatística significativa entre as cargas. O valor RMS (Y) apresentou comportamento crescente com a carga para ambos os grupos, havendo diferenças entre as cargas de 20% e 40% da CM (p = 0,000) e 80%, e 100% da CM (p = 0,01) para o grupo masculino. No entanto, não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre as cargas para o grupo feminino. Discute-se que durante a contração muscular ocorrem variações não uniformes do diâmetro da fibra, além de oscilações laterais de baixa freqüência. Estas informações parecem ter forte correlação com a tipagem de fibras, o que poderia contribuir para melhor esclarecer os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos durante o processo de gradação da força muscular.

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Ismail, Shafinaz, Darmawaty Mohd Ali, and Azita Laily Yusof. "MECC scheduling algorithm in vehicular environment for uplink transmission in LTE networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1191-1200.

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<span>Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) is chosen because of the lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value in uplink transmission. However, the contiguity constraint is one of the major constraint presents in uplink packet scheduling, where all RBs allocated to a single UE must be contiguous in the frequency-domain within each time slot to maintain its single carrier. This paper proposed an uplink-scheduling algorithm namely the Maximum Expansion with Contiguity Constraints (MECC) algorithm, which supports both the RT and NRT services. The MECC algorithm is deployed in two stages. In the first stage, the RBs are allocated fairly among the UEs. The second stage allocates the RBs with the highest metric value and expands the allocation on both sides of the matrix, M with respect to the contiguity constraint. The performance of the MECC algorithm was observed in terms of throughput, fairness, delay, and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) for VoIP, video and best effort flows. The MECC scheduling algorithm is compared to other algorithms namely the Round Robin (RR), Channel-Dependent First Maximum Expansion (CD-FME), and Proportional Fairness First Maximum Expansion (PF-FME). From here, it can be concluded that the MECC algorithm shows the best results among other algorithms by delivering the highest throughput which is up to 81.29% and 90.04% than CD-FME and RR scheduler for RT and NRT traffic respectively, having low PLR and delay which is up to 93.92% and 56.22% of improvement than CD-FME for the RT traffic flow. The MECC also has a satisfactory level of fairness for the cell-edge users in a vehicular environment of LTE network.</span>

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Heinrich, Frank, Que Van, Mathias Lösche, and Andrew Stephen. "The Structure of KRAS4B-FME at the Lipid Membrane." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 423a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2346.

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BOUTI, ABDELKADER, and DAOUD AIT KADI. "A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF FMEA/FMECA." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539394000362.

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The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) documents single failures of a system, by identifying the failure modes, and the causes and effects of each potential failure mode on system service and defining appropriate detection procedures and corrective actions. When extended by Criticality Analysis procedure (CA) for failure modes classification, it is known as Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). The present paper presents a literature review of FME(C)A, covering the following aspects: description and review of the basic principles of FME(C)A, types, enhancement of the method, automation and available computer codes, combination with other techniques and specific applications. We conclude with a discussion of various issues raised as a result of the review.

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Adler, Jonathan H. "TAKING PROPERTY RIGHTS SERIOUSLY: THE CASE OF CLIMATE CHANGE." Social Philosophy and Policy 26, no. 2 (June 24, 2009): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052509090256.

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The dominant approach to environmental policy endorsed by conservative and libertarian policy thinkers, so-called “free market environmentalism” (FME), is grounded in the recognition and protection of property rights in environmental resources. Despite this normative commitment to property rights, most self-described FME advocates adopt a utilitarian, welfare-maximization approach to climate change policy, arguing that the costs of mitigation measures could outweigh the costs of climate change itself. Yet even if anthropogenic climate change is decidedly less than catastrophic, human-induced climate change is likely to contribute to environmental changes that violate traditional conceptions of property rights. Viewed globally, the actions of some countries—primarily industrialized nations—are likely to increase environmental harms suffered by other countries—less developed nations that have not (as of yet) made any significant contribution to climate change. It may well be that aggregate human welfare would be maximized in a warmer, wealthier world, or that the gains from climate change will offset environmental losses. Yet such claims, even if demonstrated, would not address the normative concern that the consequences of anthropogenic global warming would infringe upon the rights of people in less-developed nations. As a consequence, this paper calls for a rethinking of FME approaches to climate change policy.

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Kang, Yan, Huan Jie Cai, and Song Bai Song. "Application of Fuzzy Matter-Element Model Based on Cooperative Game Weight in Evaluation of Groundwater Carrying Capacity." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4135.

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A fuzzy matter-element evaluation modeling based on cooperative game weight (FME-CGW) is presented in this paper. Based on cooperative game theory, authors introduce a cooperative game weight which embodying an idea of competition and coordination among different weight methods. Based on the cooperative game weight, employing fuzzy matter-element theory and Hamming approach degree, the authors develop FME-CGW model. The derived model is applied to assess the groundwater resources carrying capacity in Guanzhong plain in Shaanxi province. The results are reasonable and satisfactory by comparing to other methods. The study of this practical example shows that the modeling presented in this paper is a new method with simple algorithm and strong practicability, which can be adopted to analysis various comprehensive evaluation issues.

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Yesil, Abdullah, Yunus Babacan, and Fırat Kacar. "A New Floating Memristor Based on CBTA with Grounded Capacitors." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 13 (January 11, 2019): 1950217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502177.

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This paper presents a new floating memristor emulator (FME) consisting of only a single current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) as the active element and two grounded capacitors. The proposed FME-based on CBTA enjoys some advantages that include minimum active and passive elements without using an analog multiplier circuit and grounded passive elements which are attractive for the integrated circuit. In addition, excluding the DC power supply voltage, it does not use bias voltage and/or bias current. The designed memristor circuit provides incremental and decremental characteristics without changing circuit topology or using a switching mechanism and it is implemented with a minimum of circuit elements. All simulation results for the memristor emulator were obtained as expected when compared with fabricated memristors.

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Johnson, P. N., and E. R. Deaville. "The effect of metabolisable protein supply at constant energy intake on the liveweight gain of bovines." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029202.

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The metabolisable protein (MP) system (AFRC, 1992), adopted as the official method of describing the protein requirements of ruminants in the UK, introduces the concepts of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), digestible undegradable protein (DUP) and fermentable metabolisable energy (FME). For effective protein rationing, the aim is to match the supply of FME and ERDP, and to supply further protein requirements as DUP. This should lead to a better balance of energy and protein to meet the requirements of the animal. Diets are likely to have lower total protein contents than those presently available, leading to reductions in diet costs and nitrogen (N) excretion. The MP system was constructed primarily on a theoretical basis and this experiment was an initial step in validating it for beef cattle.

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Hussain, A., and E. L. Miller. "Evaluation of fermentation kinetics of different forms of starch and sugars using gas production technique." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032797.

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Sugars and starch are used as fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) sources in ruminants. Compared with starch, sugars are associated with increased microbial protein supply to the animal when both types of carbohydrates are supplemented to the basal forage diet (Chamberlain et al., 1993). However different sugars respond differently which is associated to differences in their rates of fermentation. Knowledge of the fermentation kinetics of these FME sources is very helpful to synchronize energy and protein supply to the rumen. Limited data are available on the comparative rates of fermentation of starches and sugars. This experiment was conducted to determine fermentation kinetics of selected starch and sugars by measuring gas production, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and protozoa changes in the fermentation medium

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Wedzicha, Bronek, and Catherine Roberts. "Modelling: a new solution to old problems in the food industry." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.1.

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Darlington, Rob, and Shahin Rahimifard. "Improving supply chain practices for minimizing waste in chilled ready-meal manufacture." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.15.

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Tucker, Gary S., Sue P. Emond, Jason P. Hughes, T. Eirian R. Jones, and Phil W. James. "Maximizing the headspace bubble action in rotary thermal processing of packaged foods." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.25.

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Wong, Shin-Yee, Weibiao Zhou, and Jinsong Hua. "Improving the efficiency of food processing ovens by CFD techniques." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.35.

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Beckett, Stephen T. "Experimental techniques to verify mathematical models of non-Newtonian flow." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.45.

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Selman, Jeremy D. "Manufacturing efficiency highlights from the 2006 Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.51.

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Hanna, Lesley. "Sensors and sensing ? opportunities for the food industry." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.55.

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Baranyi, József. "Using the ComBase database and associated software tools to predict microbial responses to food environments." Food Manufacturing Efficiency 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1616/fme.2006.1.1.9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FME'

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