Relevant bibliographies by topics / FMLN

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'FMLN'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "FMLN"

1

González, Luis Armando. "FMLN." ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 53, no. 597-598 (August 31, 1998): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v53i597-598.6371.

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Harnecker, Marta. "propuesta de FMLN: un desafío a la estrategia contrainsurgente." ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 44, no. 485 (March 30, 1989): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v44i485.6737.

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La entrevista gira alrededor de la propuesta del FMLN, en especial sobre el cambio dado por el FMLN en cuanto a las elecciones. La entrevista indaga las causas que han llevado al FMLN a pasar a la ofensiva en este terreno, las condiciones para enfrentar el reto electoral, las principales objeciones contra la propuesta hechas desde la derecha y la izquierda y los riesgos que tiene para el FMLN. También se discute el papel de las masas y su relación con el FMLN, el estado de ánimo de las tropas insurgentes ante la propuesta y el papel del FDR y de Convergencia Democrática. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 485, 1989: 211-228.
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González, Luis Armando. "El FMLN y ARENA." ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 53, no. 595-596 (June 30, 1998): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v53i595-596.6385.

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Bernal, Carlos Gregorio López. "Schafick Jorge Handal e a “unidade” do FMLN de pós-guerra: entre a memória e a história. El Salvador, 1992-2015." Diálogos 20, no. 2 (December 17, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v20i2.34582.

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Este artigo examina o papel desempenhado por Schafick Jorge Handal no processo de conversão política do Frente Farabundo Martí para a Libertação Nacional (FMLN ), no período de pós-guerra. Aqui são analisados os principais debates vinculados à redefinição política e ideológica do FMLN, à liderança do partido e à democracia interna. Este processo foi marcado por fortes disputas entre as lideranças das antigas organizações político-militares que compunham a FMLN. Handal foi o principal protagonista dessas lutas, nas quais que ganhou poder e reconhecimento interno. No entanto, ele morreu subitamente em 2006, quando o processo de ‘unificação’ estava avançado, mas não consolidado. Porém, na memória oficial do partido, Handal tornou-se o principal referente identitario do FMLN de pós-guerra, apesar de que seu triunfo traduziu-se na saída de três das cinco organizações que integravam o FMLN.
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Sprenkels, Ralph. "Ambivalent Moderation: The FMLN’s Ideological Accommodation to Post-War Politics in El Salvador." Government and Opposition 54, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 536–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.37.

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El Salvador’s FMLN is an oft-cited example of a rebel movement which successfully embraced electoral democracy. This article examines the ideological dimensions of this transformation. In the course of the Salvadoran peace process, the FMLN substantially overhauled its ideological orientation and associated modes of engagement with the state and the broader political system. Moderation unfolded in four subsequent stages: the resignification of revolution as a process of reform, the FMLN’s rebel-to-party adaptation, the electoral consolidation of the FMLN, and the FMLN as the party in government. Over the years, while electoral politics invited public moderation, Leninist dogma continued to dominate internal party politics. This article finds that the post-war FMLN has employed seemingly contradictory ideological repertoires in parallel. This ambivalence, strongly rooted in the war, has facilitated the FMLN’s electoral ascendency. It has also strained democratic consolidation in El Salvador.
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Rivas, Ruben Zamora, and Shafik Jorge Handal. "Proposal of the FMLN/FDR." Latin American Perspectives 14, no. 4 (October 1987): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x8701400408.

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Lungo, Mario. "FMLN Mayors in 15 Towns." NACLA Report on the Americas 29, no. 1 (July 1995): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.1995.11725782.

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González, Luis Armando, and Roody Reserve. "El FMLN en la encrucijada." ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 59, no. 668 (June 30, 2004): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v59i668.5363.

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9

González, Luis Armando, Christopher Estrada, Luis Romano, and Carmen Elena Villacorta. "Las elecciones del 12 de marzo." ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 55, no. 617 (March 31, 2000): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v55i617.6110.

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En este artículo se hace un examen del proceso electoral de marzo del 2000. Su tesis fundamental es que los resultados de las recientes elecciones consolidaron, en el plano legislativo, el equilibrio de poder existente entre el FMLN y ARENA. Para los autores, el principal desafío del FMLN consiste en aprovechar esas tendencias favorables para asegurar su predominancia legislativa y municipal en el futuro inmediato. Mientras que el desafio de ARENA es hacer lo que esté a su alcance para contener ese ascenso político del FMLN, cuya inminencia se hace patente a la luz de los resultados electorales obtenidos principalmente a nivel municipal. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 55, No. 617, 2000: 225-249.
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Allison, Michael E., and Alberto Martín Alvarez. "Unity and Disunity in the FMLN." Latin American Politics and Society 54, no. 4 (2012): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00174.x.

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AbstractProblems of unity can affect an armed opposition group at many stages of its existence—during the war, in peace negotiations, and in its transition to political party. This article assesses how internal divisions affected the performance of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) in El Salvador. It finds that while the FMLN suffered significant internal divisions in the early years of the war, it remained remarkably unified from 1983 on. Significant divisions began to appear during the later war years but were not exacerbated until after the war's conclusion, when repeated fracturing occurred. The FMLN began to present itself as a programmatically coherent party only in 2005, and this ideological homogeneity allowed it to establish a series of partnerships with moderate, non-revolutionary sectors of Salvadoran society and to achieve victory in the 2009 presidential elections.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FMLN"

1

Hoppert-Flämig, Susan. "Striving for security : state responses to violence under the FMLN government in El Salvador, 2009-2014." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15883.

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This research focuses on the provision of intrastate security and on the question how states in the global South do or do not provide security for their citizens and do or do not protect them from physical violence. This thesis argues that while institutional conditions are an important aspect of security provision in the global South, more attention needs to be paid to policy processes. Institution building as set out in the literature about Security Sector Reform and statebuilding assumes that it is possible to provide security to all citizens of a state by building democratic state security institutions. However, this is only possible if the state is the predominant force of controlling violence. Research showed that this is rarely the case in countries of the global South. This thesis contends that statehood in the global South is contested due to power struggles between multiple state and non-state elites. It argues that the analysis of security policy processes allows for an analysis of security provision in societies where no centralised control over violence exists. It contributes to a better understanding of the shortcomings of security provision in the global South because it shows the impact of societal and state actors on security policy making. Using the case of security policy making under the first FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation) government in El Salvador (2009-2014), the thesis shows that, in a contested state policy making does not result from a pact between the state and society or from a social consensus as envisaged by parts of the FMLN and other forces of the New Left in Latin America. Instead, policy making results from elite pacts and elite struggles. This is illustrated in the domination of an ad hoc decision-making mode which describes short-term decisions which are insufficiently implemented and easily reversed or replaced. Thus, security provision as a policy field remains focused on elite interests and does not include the interests of the broader population.
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Hoppert-Flämig, Susan. "Striving for security: State responses to violence under the FMLN government in El Salvador 2009-2014." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15883.

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This research focuses on the provision of intrastate security and on the question how states in the global South do or do not provide security for their citizens and do or do not protect them from physical violence. This thesis argues that while institutional conditions are an important aspect of security provision in the global South, more attention needs to be paid to policy processes. Institution building as set out in the literature about Security Sector Reform and statebuilding assumes that it is possible to provide security to all citizens of a state by building democratic state security institutions. However, this is only possible if the state is the predominant force of controlling violence. Research showed that this is rarely the case in countries of the global South. This thesis contends that statehood in the global South is contested due to power struggles between multiple state and non-state elites. It argues that the analysis of security policy processes allows for an analysis of security provision in societies where no centralised control over violence exists. It contributes to a better understanding of the shortcomings of security provision in the global South because it shows the impact of societal and state actors on security policy making. Using the case of security policy making under the first FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation) government in El Salvador (2009-2014), the thesis shows that, in a contested state policy making does not result from a pact between the state and society or from a social consensus as envisaged by parts of the FMLN and other forces of the New Left in Latin America. Instead, policy making results from elite pacts and elite struggles. This is illustrated in the domination of an ad hoc decision-making mode which describes short-term decisions which are insufficiently implemented and easily reversed or replaced. Thus, security provision as a policy field remains focused on elite interests and does not include the interests of the broader population.
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Blaxland, Joel. "INSURGENTS, INCUBATION, AND SURVIVAL: HOW PREWAR PREPARATION FACILITATES LENGTHY INTRASTATE CONFLICTS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/536073.

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Political Science
Ph.D.
Despite being outnumbered, underfunded, and militarily weaker than the state-backed armed forces they challenge, insurgents have continually mounted long-term challenges. To that end, the puzzle on which many conflict scholars have focused their efforts is that of insurgent war duration. The theory posited in this dissertation claims the capacity of insurgents to survive wartime is a function of choices made before large-scale dyadic conflict erupted––or during a time period I call incubation. Using qualitative case studies of Latin American insurgencies such as Sendero Luminoso and the FMLN, I demonstrate the capacity to endure conflict long-term was a direct correlate of both type and length of their prewar preparation. Incubation was used to set up processes for recruitment, procuring resources from durable networks, and coordinating personnel. After controlling for standard explanations, I also offer statistical evidence that insurgent incubation duration is statistically significant and positively related to conflict duration. The theory and empirical evidence presented here provides a new approach for explaining insurgent war duration.
Temple University--Theses
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Cadavid, Inês Espinha. "Da razão das armas às armas da razão: processos de pacificação e lições da paz negociada na Colômbia e em El Salvador (1988-1992)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5120.

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Tese de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
Descreve e contrasta os processos de paz levados a cabo com o Movimiento 19 de Abril (M-19), na Colômbia (1988-1990), e o processo com a Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), em El Salvador (1989-1992), considerados dois casos de sucesso no panorama mundial das negociações para a cessação de conflitos armados, estabelecendo e percorrendo, um a um, as condições prévias e os diversos fatores encontrados e que estarão na base do sucesso da paz negociada nestes dois casos. Revê-se a vasta literatura disponível em peace studies sobre processos de paz e negociação, com especial ênfase nos trabalhos de Vicenç Fisas e da escola por ele dirigida para a construção de uma cultura de paz. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de reavaliar pontualmente o sucesso da paz negociada na Colômbia e em El Salvador, atendendo à situação pós-bélica em ambos os países.
Describes and contrasts the peace processes carried out with the Movimiento 19 de Abril (M-19), in Colombia (1988-1990), and the process with the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), in El Salvador (1989-1992), considered as two cases of success within the global scene of negotiations for the cessation of armed conflict, establishing and following, one by one, the preconditions and the diverse factors which presumably underlay the success of the peace agreed in these two cases. Review the vast literature available on peace studies and peace negotiations, with special emphasis on Vicenç Fisas’ work and the school he directed to build a culture of peace. We conclude that there is a need to meticulously reassess the success of the negotiated peace in Colombia and El Salvador, considering the post-war situation in both countries.
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Burgos, Raul. "As peripecias de Gramsci entre Gulliver e o pequeno polegar : (um estudo sobre os projetos politicos do PT e da FMLN)." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281932.

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Orientador: Evelina Dagnino
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T20:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Burgos_Raul_M.pdf: 15743792 bytes, checksum: 6d5381b40ac358779c3c184cb3ab6e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Berry, Douglas. "Pay Increases Subsequent to FMLA Leave: The Role of Organizational Justice." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/364.

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Research indicates the importance of studying organizational justice and its impact. Further, research has indicated a relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and pay increase decisions. However, the present research is the first to incorporate the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave into the equation. In short, this research addressed whether an employee's absence for FMLA-covered reasons impacts the perceived justice of subsequent pay increases for that employee. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the employee's length of absence, tenure, performance, and/or pay increase would impact justice perceptions. Participants evaluated vignettes manipulating these factors, then rated the fairness of pay increase decisions. Results revealed that the employee's performance interacted with the amount of pay increase to account for the largest amount of variance injustice perceptions. However, a main effect for pay increase, an interaction between performance and the length of the employee's leave, and an interaction between performance, tenure, the length of the employee's leave, and the pay increase decision were observed. Finally, among employees who received a full pay increase, performance was the strongest predictor of justice perceptions.
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Bengtsson, Ingemar. "Vad innebär införandet av FMN för Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6157.

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Försvarsmakten har angett att senast år 2023 ska Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem vara fullt ut FMN kompatibla. Detta arbete ska besvara vad som initialt behöver förändras i Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa ska uppnå FMN kompatibilitet. Nuvarande FMN spiralspecifikation innehåller i princip enbart stöd för de grundläggande människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna. Med hjälp av dessa ska funktions-kedjorna för SA, JISR och MEDEVAC genomföras. Försvarsmakten är tydlig med att interoperabilitet är viktigt för att kunna verka med andra, både inom och utanför närområdet. Det framgår dock inte lika tydligt vilka av Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem som berörs av FMN. Detta arbete har kommit fram till att SWECCIS troligen är det insatsledningsstödsystem som bäst motsvarar vad FMN försöker realisera idag och att SWECCIS i grunden är FMN kompatibel. SWECCIS tillhandahåller dock bara fyra av de sex människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna, och Försvarsmaktens nuvarande lösning för att tillhandahålla ljudbaserad samarbetstjänst är inte FMN kompatibel. Framtida FMN spiralspecifikationer kommer att ställa ytterligare krav på Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa fortsatt ska vara FMN kompatibla.
The Swedish Armed Forces have declared that by the year 2023, the Swedish Armed Forces C2-systems are to be fully FMN compliant. This thesis is to answer what initially needs to change in the C4ISR to enable them to achieve FMN compatibility. The current FMN Spiral specification provides, in principle, only support for the essential human-to-human communication services. With this, the SA, JISR and MEDEVAC Mission Thread are to be conducted. The Swedish Armed Forces is clear about the importance of interoperability in order to act together with others, both within and outside its region. But it is less clear which of the Swedish Armed Forces C2-system that is affected by FMN. This thesis has come to the conclusion that SWECCIS probably is the C4ISR that best represents what FMN is trying to achieve today, and that SWECCIS basically is FMN compliant. SWECCIS provides, however, only four of the six human-to-human communications services, and the Swedish Armed Forces' current solution to provide audio-based collaboration services is not FMN compliant. The future FMN Spiral specifications will place more demands on the Swedish Armed Forces C4ISR for those to maintain their FMN compliant.
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Kemp, Audrey June. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of National Policies Supporting Family Caregivers of Old Adults." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33884.

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Caregivers of family elders have diverse needs, many of which are not being met sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to analyze the congruency between family policy and the needs of family caregivers. Based on the rational policy model, a normative policy analysis of the economics of family caregiving, both its costs and benefits to individual families, corporations, and to society, was provided. A dynamic theoretical framework incorporating the social ecological perspective, role theory, and life course approach, was used to critique the effectiveness of Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 (P.L. 103-3) and the National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCSP) of 2000 (Title III-E and Title VI-C). Combined, FMLA and NFCSP are effective in meeting the wide range of informal caregivers' financial, training, and support needs. The workplace-related policies of FMLA speak more to the financial assistance - albeit minimal - and work environment-structural components of caregiver support, while NFCSP pertains more to the training and supportive aspects of family caregiving support. However, workplace policies in support of family caregivers should be more individualized and current caregiver support programs should be expanded to align more closely with the needs of employees and citizens.
Master of Science
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Gordner, Eliza. "Nudge Theory's Perceived Influence on FMLA Among Midwestern Metropolitan Nonprofit Arts Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6208.

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The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has had significant influence on both for-profit and nonprofit employers since it was enacted in 1993. Because nonprofit organizations often have more limited resources than for-profit organizations, implementing family and medical leave policy mandates can be problematic. Arts-related nonprofit organizations often have even fewer resources available yet must still ensure legal compliance and market competitiveness while continuing to focus on meeting their missions. Even if a smaller nonprofit organization is not subject to the FMLA, it is subject to other federal, state, and local employment laws, and the organization must decide whether to offer unpaid or paid family and medical leave, perhaps styled after the FMLA. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how those who conduct human resource functions in nonprofit arts organizations would perceive governmental prompting toward providing FMLA and paid leave in relation to their ability to meet their missions. This question was explored through the lens of nudge theory and involved interviews with nine HR professionals from nonprofit arts organizations. Data were analyzed using Bazeley and Jackson's bucket coding and Yin's explanation building processes. The results of the study indicated that HR professionals perceived little to no effects of the FMLA on their nonprofit arts organizations' ability to meet their missions. The social change implications of this study involve providing insights to policymakers that could inform decisions about family and medical leave mandates or nudges toward a desired outcome regarding these leaves of absence in the nonprofit sector.
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Volschenk, Gideon. "The response of aluminium and glass fibre FMLS subjected to blast loading." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13755.

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Fibre-Metal Laminates (FMLs) have long been of interest to the aeronautics industry due to their exceptional strength to weight ratio, fatigue and impact resistance. Due to the increasing global risk of subversive activity in this industry, the focus of research in recent years has shifted to the blast resistance of these materials. A particularly interesting material being GLARE, a commercially available Aluminium-GFRP FML. This dissertation presents the results of an experimental study into the effects of glass fibre configuration and epoxy type on the response of glass fibre reinforced, epoxy-based FMLs, subjected to localised and uniform blast loading conditions. Standard tensile specimens and Single-Leg Bend (SLB) specimens were manufactured and tested to determine the properties constitutive materials and interfacial bond strength. Bond strength between the composite and metal interfaces was improved by employing a combination of surface treatments, consisting of both mechanical and chemical as well as the use of a film adhesive. FMLs were manufactured from Al 2024-T3 and e-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite. Both woven and unidirectional fibre configurations were used as part of either a prepreg or wet layup to construct the composite layers. Tensile and SLB specimens were used to characterise the constitutive materials and interfacial bond strength. SLB tests were used to determine the effect of cure cycle and composite layup technique on interfacial bond strength. These tests and revealed a variety of interfacial failure modes for different cure cycles and epoxy configurations, each resulting in different levels of strength. The modes, in increasing order of strength, included debonding of the film adhesive from either the metal or composite interface or both, and in some cases also included delamination in the composite layer. Tests showed that a single stage layup and cure cycle resulted in the strongest bonds between interfaces, compared to a multi-stage manufacturing processes. It was also shown that the use of prepreg resulted in stronger inter-facial bonds than a wet-layup process. The properties of the constitutive materials were used to construct a numerical model to aid in experimental design. The model was used to determine a suitable range of charge masses for testing.
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Books on the topic "FMLN"

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Cienfuegos, Fermán. Veredas de la audacia: Historia del FMLN. [El Salvador]: Ediciones Roque Dalton, 1986.

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Vázquez, Norma. Mujeres--montaña: Vivencias de guerrilleras y colaboradores del FMLN. Madrid: Horas y Horas, 1996.

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Villalobos, Joaquín. Propuesta del FMLN: Un desafío a la estrategia contrainsurgente. El Salvador: Editorial Sistema Venceremos, 1989.

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Harnecker, Marta. Guerra en El Salvador: Entrevistas con comandantes del FMLN. San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa: Gakda Liburuak, 1989.

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Revolutionary movements in Latin America: El Salvador's FMLN & Peru's Shining Path. Washington, D.C: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998.

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Lago, Matilde. Por el camino de Farabundo: Reportaje al FMLN de El Salvador. Buenos Aires: Editorial Anteo, 1987.

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McClintock, Cynthia. Revolutionary movements in Latin America: El Salvador's FMLN & Peru's Shining Path. Washington, D.C: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998.

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Mina, Kirio Waldo Salgado. De Lenin a Chapultepec: Crítica a la "revolución democrática" del FMLN. San Salvador, El Salvador: Editorial ILYD, Instituto Libertad y Democracia, 1993.

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Seminario, sobre "La Participación Política del FMLN" (1992 San Salvador El Salvador). "La Participación Política del FMLN": San Salvador, 3 de febrero de 1992. [San Salvador]: Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas y Científicas, Dirección de Seminarios, 1992.

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Seminario "La Participación política del FMLN" (1992 San Salvador, El Salvador). La participación política del FMLN: Seminario : San Salvador, 3 de febrero de 1992. San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A: Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas y Científicas, Dirección de Seminarios, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "FMLN"

1

Manning, Carrie. "El Salvador: Local Elections and Change in the FMLN." In The Making of Democrats, 115–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230611160_5.

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Blaxland, Joel J. "A Comparative Analysis of the MIR and the FMLN." In Insurgency Prewar Preparation and Intrastate Conflict, 103–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38185-1_5.

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Negroponte, Diana Villiers. "Internal Forces Struggle to Resolve the Civil War: The FMLN and FDR." In Seeking Peace in El Salvador, 29–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137012081_3.

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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "FMLA." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 805. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100660.

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Katoh, Masaru, Giorgio Berton, Anna Baruzzi, Jennifer Boylston, Charles Brenner, Yong-Hun Lee, William Schiemann, et al. "FMLP-Related Receptor II (FMLP-R-II)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 636. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100461.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "FMN adenylyltransferase." In Enzyme Handbook, 457–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59025-2_87.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)." In Enzyme Handbook, 635–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57942-4_137.

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Schomburg, D., M. Salzmann, and D. Stephan. "NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (FMN)." In Enzyme Handbook 7, 375–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78521-4_73.

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Kondo, Michio, Masaya Miyazaki, Jiangin Fan, Teruo Watanabe, and Hiroaki Kodama. "Studies of dimeric fMLF with high chemotactic activities." In Peptides, 425–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2264-1_158.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 893. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13766.

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Conference papers on the topic "FMLN"

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Sawant, Sourabh, and Anastasia Muliana. "A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modeling of Fiber Metal Laminates." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42152.

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A new class of advanced composite materials namely the fibermetal laminates (FMLs) such as ARALL (Aramid Reinforced Aluminum laminate) and GLARE (Glass Reinforced Aluminum laminate) has been developed for primary load bearing components of aircraft fuselage and wings. The FML is composed of alternating layers of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and aluminum sheets and shows good fatigue resistance. The metal layers are placed on the top and bottom of the laminate to provide good impact resistance and resistance to extreme environments (moisture, ultraviolet radiation and solvent). Krishnakumar (1994) has provided a survey of extensive works on manufacturing, testing, and modeling of the FMLs. The FMLs exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic and/or plastic behaviors due to the existence of FRP and metal alloy layers. The nonlinearity and time-dependent responses in the FMLs are intensified under high load levels, elevated temperatures, and humid environments. A predictive capability on the overall nonlinear viscoelastic response of the FMLs that recognizes different responses in the FRP and metallic layers becomes necessary. Literature indicates a few advances in this direction by the consideration of the elastic-plastic behavior and the use of classical lamination theory (Chen & Sun, 1989; Hashagen et al., 1995). Pindera et al. (1989) have carried out an experimental investigation of the creep response of ARALL laminates at 121°C. A pronounced viscoelastic behavior is observed in ARALL at stress levels below its proportional limit. Aluminum exhibits a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior while aramid-FRP shows a linear viscoelastic behavior. The classical lamination theory (CLT) was used to model the overall creep response of the laminates.
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Coeffier, E., D. Joseph, and B. B. Vargaftio. "PLATELET-LEUKOCYTE INTERACTION: ACTIVATION OF RABBIT PLATELETS BY FMLP-STIMULATED NEUTROPHILS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643158.

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The interaction of neutrophils and platelets may be important in inflammation. We have studied the effect of the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucy1-phenylalanine (FMLP) on cells in whole rabbit blood or in mixture of purified rabbit platelets and neutrophils. In whole blood, FMLP triggered an aggregation (measured by electrical impedance) dependent upon the concentration of FMLP (9.9± 0.7 and 5.2+1.2 ohms at 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.). This aggregation was accompanied by a strong decrease in platelets counts (54.6± 6.0 and 45.6± 3.8% for 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.) and by a smaller decrease in neutrophils counts (25.0± 1.9 and 12.9± 1.7% at 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.). When platelets were incubated in the presence of neutrophils, the addition of 0.1 uM FMLP induced a marked aggregation (50.0± 1.6 versus 19.5± 1.6% of light transmission,n=8,p< .001), ATP secretion (8.4± 1.0 versus 0.1± 0.1 nmol/ml,n=6,p< .001) and a marked decrease of platelets counts. FMLP induced aggregation of purified neutrophils and release of lysozyme but lacked direct platelet-stimulating effect. The release of lactate dehydrogenase and lysozyme were unchanged under the interaction conditions. Our results indicate that the stimulation of neutrophils by FMLP induces platelet activation both in whole blood and on isolated cells. The platelet activation was reduced by about 30% with lOOuM aspirin or indomethacin and by about 70% with lOOuM BW 755C. The two PAF-acether antagonists, BN 52021 (lOOuM) and WEB 2086 (luM) suppressed platelet activation by 70-80%. Neutrophil supernatant induced platelet activation only when neutrophils were stimulated by FMLP in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA,0.25%). Rabbit neutrophils stimulated in the presence of BSA by 1 uM FMLP formed 2 nM PAF-acether of which only 50% were released to the extra-cellular medium. WEB 2086 (luM) inhibited totally the formation and the release of PAF-acether. These data indicate that both arachidonic acid-metabolites and PAF-acether participate in platelet activation by FMLP-activated neutrophils.
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Alemi-Ardakani, Mohammad, Akbar Afaghi-Khatibi, Abbas S. Milani, and Hady Parsaiyan. "Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Aluminum-Fiber/Epoxy Laminates: A Comprehensive Experimental Study." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28731.

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Considering many potential applications of fiber reinforced metal laminates (FMLs) in sensitive structures, it is necessary to understand their mechanical behavior under impact loads. In this study, low velocity impact tests based on ASTM D7136 have been conducted on FMLs made of 1050 aluminum sheets and various types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) layers; namely E-Glass, Kevlar 49, and carbon T300 plain woven in the epoxy resin. Projectile energy, fiber type and the number of successive impacts are selected among important parameters that can affect the performance of FMLs. In particular, the effects of these parameters on the absorbed energy, contact force, front and rear face damage areas, central deflection and permanent deformation of FMLs have been investigated. For determining the damage area and central deflection of the specimens, an image processing method is adapted.
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Szczeklik, A., R. J. Gryglewski, and M. Wandzilak. "THE EFFECT OF SIX PROSTAGLANDINS, PROSTACYCLIN AND ILOPROST ON GENERATION OF SUPEROXIDE ANIONS (0J) BY HUMAN NEUTROPHILS (PMNs) ACTIVATED BY ZYMOSAN OR FMLP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643160.

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Human PMNs in a suspension (2.5 - 3.5 × 106 cells/ml of PBS) were activated by opsonized zymosan (2.5 mg/ml) or by FMLP (22 jjg/ml) in presence or absence of prostaglandins (PG) E1 E2, D2, 6-keto-F2α, 6-keto-E1 prostacyclin and Iloprost (3nM -30 pM). The generation of superoxide anions was measured as a SOD-sensitive reduction of ferrocytochrome c. In FMLP-stimulated PMNs an average production of 0- 2 of 18 ± 3.2 nmoles/10- 2 PMNs/10 min was suppressed by 25% at following concentrations of PGD2, PGE2, PGE1s 6-keto-PGE! and PGF2 : 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and>30.0 pM, respectively. No significant inhibition occurred in the presence of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF2 and Iloprost at concentrations as high as 30 pM. In zymosan-stimulated PMNs prostaglandins of E series were less potent inhibitors than in FMLP-stimulated PMNs by following factors: PGE2 - 20, 6-keto-PGE2 - 13, PGE1 - 4, whereas PGD2 was equally potent inhibitor in FMLP- and zymosan-stimulated PMNs. It is concluded that PGE2 is an antagonist of FMLP-receptor-mediated events which are responsible for the generation of superoxide anions in PMNs, whereas its isomer PGD2 has another mechanism of the 0- 2-suppressive action. Perhaps, PGD2 is a direct inhibitor of membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase or an antagonist of oxygen activation by leukotrienes and lipoxins or a promotor of scavenging of 0- 2 by mitochondrial membranes. The latter mechanism has been proposed recently by Gryglewski as explanation for cytoprotective action of stable biologically active metabolites of prostacyclin. Mechanisms of anti-0- 2 action of PGE1 and 6-keto-PGE1 in PMNs are likely to be intermediate between these proposed for PGE2 and PGD2.
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Saihkay, Nang Sen Hom, Clive Page, and Karen Rickards. "Validating An FMLP-induced Platelet Chemotaxis Assay." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5724.

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Holguin, Brandon, James Allison, Donghyeon Ryu, Zachary Alvarez, Francisco Hernandez, and Jamie Kimberley. "Development of 3D Impact Self-Sensing Composites Using Fracto-Mechanoluminescent EuD4TEA." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3980.

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The objective of this study is to develop three dimensional (3D) impact self-sensing composites capable of localizing impact damage in through-the-thickness direction. The 3D impact self-sensing composites (3D-ISSC) are designed by embedding fracto-mechanoluminescent (FML) crystals in cells of honeycomb-cored fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) structural composites. FML crystals were shown to emit light resulting from cleavage of crystalline structures due to external mechanical stimuli. Unlike other conventional sensor networks, without supplying external electrical source, the 3D-ISSC is envisioned to monitor impact occurrences and detect damage. Instead, the emitted light will be utilized for informing severity of impact occurrences and 3D locations of the impact damage. First, FML europium-doped dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA) crystals are synthesized. Second, the synthesized EuD4TEA crystals are embedded in the honey-cored FRP structural composites to fabricate 3D-ISSC. Third, to validate its 3D self-sensing capability, Kolsky bar is employed to apply high strain-rate compressive loading to simulate impact occurrences while taking high-speed video footage for quantifying intensity of FML light emission through image processing technique.
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Zhang, Zhengyu, Yongxiang Hu, and Zhenqiang Yao. "An Experiment-Based Model to Determine Eigenstrain in Fibre Metal Laminates Induced by Laser Peen Forming." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8544.

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Fibre metal laminates are new sorts of composite materials with superior fatigue and impact properties. Forming parts from FMLs is very attractive to reduce the process cycle and labor cost. Laser peen forming (LPF) is a promising method to form FMLs with its design flexibility and adaptability to produce complex shapes. To predict the deformed shape of FMLs after laser peen forming, eigenstrain-based modelling is a helpful method with advantage in spending less computational time, but it is difficult to precisely determine eigenstrain distribution regarding material with layered structure. In the present research, an efficient and effective experiment-based method is proposed to determine eigenstrain in the metal layer of FMLs, which can avoid the complicated numerical simulation. The determined eigenstrain is assumed to be uniformly distributed in each metal layer while no plastic deformation is generated in composite layer due to its high strength yield. An analytical model is developed to relate the bending deformation to eigenstrain field. Firstly, the equivalent external bending moment applied on the samples is deduced from eigenstrain, and then the relation of deformation and bending moment is provided by a beam bending model. Chemical etching is utilized to remove metal layer by layer to calculate eigenstrain in each layer. With removal of each metal layer, the bending profiles will spring back or bend further due to change of applied moment and bending stiffness. The eigenstrain in each layer can be inversely determined by matching the residual bending profile after each etching with the developed bending model. One scanning strategy of LPF with reciprocating line and 50% overlapping rate is performed in experiments to apply laser shocks on the entire top surface of strip samples, which are prepared from glass laminate aluminum reinforced epoxy with a unidirectional orientation. Eigenstrain in the top and bottom metal layer is successively determined by the proposed analytical model and chemical etching. Finite element analysis is utilized to verify the determined eigenstrain by comparing the simulated shape with experiments and good agreement is obtained.
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Losada Rojas, Lisa Lorena, Konstantina “Nadia” Gkritza, and V. Dimitra Pyrialakou. "Assessing the First and Last Mile Problem for Intercity Passenger Rail Service." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6172.

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The first and last mile of a trip has been used to describe passenger travel with regards to getting to and from transit stops/stations. Solving the first and last mile (FMLM) problem extends the access to transportation systems and enlarges the number of passengers from a remote community, such as rural areas. The FMLM problem has been addressed in different public transit contexts, mainly within urban areas. However, it is also an important part of the journey in an intercity trip; yet, limited research efforts have been undertaken to examine the FMLM problem that intercity passenger train riders face. This paper fills in this gap and further, aims to identify the best strategies that could serve as a FMLM solution for short distance intercity passenger rail service (i.e., corridors that are less than 750 miles long according to the Passenger Rail Improvement and Investment Act, 2008). The Hoosier State Train (HST) service, a short-distance intercity passenger rail that connects Chicago and Indianapolis four days a week, was chosen as a case of study. The HST has four intermediate stops located in Indiana. For some of those intermediate stops HST is the only intercity public transit service offered to reach either Chicago or Indianapolis. In order to explore opportunities to enhance the HST ridership, an on-board survey was conducted in November and December 2016. The findings of this survey suggested that there are riders who travel from counties further away from a county with a station to reach and complete their journey on the train. Moreover, it was found that most of the respondents drove or rented a car, or were dropped off to reach a train station in Indiana. Unlike the results from the Chicago station, the majority of riders boarding the train from one of the Indiana stations did not use ridesharing services or public transportation. These findings suggest that there is a possible gap into the FMLM travel options for intercity rail riders and alternative options to fill this gap should be considered. This paper discusses the case study results of an accessibility analysis aiming to identify the areas in need of first/last mile service where there are no public transportation services and/or it is costly to reach a station from a desired origin. To that end, a cost surface for the different modes available in the area of study was created to determine the average travel cost to the nearest station. The analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using origin-destination data from the on-board survey, transportation network information from the U.S. Bureau Transportation Statistics, and general transit feed specification (GTFS) data. Subsequently, some of the best strategies identified were modeled around the station (e.g., shuttle buses to/from the station) in order to examine how the accessibility would increase after a strategy implementation. The results of this study may have far-reaching implications for planning strategies that can enhance access to the train stations. Finally, the FMLM strategies could assist intercity passenger rail service providers attract a larger number of passengers.
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Vermeulen, B., M. J. L. van Tooren, and L. J. B. Peeters. "Knowledge Based Design Method for Fibre Metal Laminate Fuselage Panels." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84079.

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Fibre Metal Laminates (FML) are a member of the hybrid materials family, consisting of alternating metal layers and layers of fibres embedded in a resin. Improved damage resistance and tolerance result in a significant weight and maintenance cost reduction compared to aluminium. FML also give the aircraft engineer additional design freedom, such as local tailoring of laminate properties. However, experience has shown that FML’s provide the aircraft manufacturer with many challenges as well. With increasing complexity of the structure, requirements from different disciplines within the engineering process will start to interfere, resulting in conflicts. This article discusses the current engineering process of FML fuselage panels as applied at Stork/Fokker Aerospace (FAESP). A case study is presented, clarifying the current design process and the way requirements start to interfere during the engineering process. A new approach based on Knowledge Engineering is discussed, implementing knowledge from engineers from all disciplines in an early stage of the design process. An automated design approach for FML fuselage panels is presented, using the same design parameters as the current approach. Because of the high complexity of the design, requirements start to conflict. Fulfilling all requirements with a traditional engineering approach results in an iterative and time consuming process. Automation of the design process, integrating knowledge and requirements from all disciplines, results in a fast and transparent design approach.
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Guo, Jiajie, Yang Xie, and Kok-Meng Lee. "Three-Dimensional Large Deformation of a Compliant Beam Designed for a Flexonic Mobile Node." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6039.

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This paper presents design and analysis of a flexonic mobile node (FMN) for structural health monitoring. Unlike rigid configurations with a fixed distance between the front and rear axles, this FMN features various deformable configurations in three-dimensional (3D) space by incorporating a compliant beam (connecting the front and rear axles with a controlled pin joint). Hence, this FMN has more flexibility to negotiate corners and attach sensors on ferromagnetic structures. These functions are facilitated by the guidance of an embedded vision controlled system. Controlling a continuous compliant beam is a challenging task in terms of nonlinear deformation with infinite degrees of kinematic redundancy. Detailed discussion focuses on a theoretical beam model for simulating its 3D deformed shape. Results include the relations between input/output displacements and rotation angle for control implementation in sensor attachment and corner negotiation. Experiment is provided for model validation by comparing with the analysis for sensor attachment.
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Reports on the topic "FMLN"

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Birkhoelzer, J., and K. Karasaki. FMGN, RENUMN, POLY, TRIPOLY: Suite of Programs for calculating and analyzing flow and transport in fracture networks embedded in porous matrix blocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432831.

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