Academic literature on the topic 'FNA technique'
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Journal articles on the topic "FNA technique"
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Irisawa, Atsushi, Takuto Hikichi, Manoop S. Bhutani, and Hiromasa Ohira. "Basic technique of FNA." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 69, no. 2 (2009): S125—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.12.017.
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Lee, Jae Min, Hong Sik Lee, Seong ji Choi, et al. "Prospective evaluation of slow-pull with fanning technique in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration on pancreatic masses." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.232.
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232 Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is useful in obtaining pancreatic mass samples. Combination of modified techniques (slow-pull technique and fanning technique) may improve the sample quality obtained by EUS-FNA. We investigated the effectiveness of a slow-pull with fanning technique in EUS-FNA for pancreatic mass. Methods: This prospective comparative study investigated EUS-FNA for pancreatic solid masses from August 2015-July 2016. The pairwise specimens were alternately obtained using two techniques: standard suction or slow-pull with fanning for target pancreatic lesions. We compared the specimen quality, blood contamination, and diagnostic yield of these techniques. Results: Forty-eight consecutive patients were enrolled (29 men; mean age, 68.1±11.9 years), and 96 pancreatic mass specimens were obtained. The slow-pull with fanning technique had significantly superior diagnostic accuracy than the suction technique (88% vs. 71%, p = 0.044). Further, blood contamination significantly reduced when the slow-pull with fanning technique was used (ratio of no or few contamination, 77% vs. 56%, p = 0.041). In the subgroup analysis, tumor size and sampling technique were related to EUS-FNA diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The slow-pull with needle fanning technique showed a good diagnostic yield for EUS-FNA for pancreatic mass. It can be useful in performing EUS-guided sampling for diagnosing pancreatic disease.
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Bansal, Rinkesh Kumar, and Rajesh Puri. "EUS-Guided FNA: Tips and Tricks." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 11, no. 02 (2020): 099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714046.
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AbstractThe development of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) technique has been proved to be a great armamentarium to gastroenterologists and other branches including surgery, oncology, hepatology, pulmonary medicine, and internal medicine. EUS-FNA is quite safe and allows tissue acquisition from difficult anatomical locations like retroperitoneum, pancreas, and mediastinum. The current review discusses basic techniques steps of EUS-FNA including tips and tricks. Also, false negative FNA and EUS-FNA in difficult locations are discussed. We also discussed about EUS-guided fine needle biopsy.
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Saxena, Payal, Mohamad El Zein, Tyler Stevens, et al. "Stylet slow-pull versus standard suction for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid pancreatic lesions: a multicenter randomized trial." Endoscopy 50, no. 05 (2017): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122381.
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Abstract Background and study aim Standard endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) procedures involve use of no-suction or suction aspiration techniques. A new aspiration method, the stylet slow-pull technique, involves slow withdrawal of the needle stylet to create minimum negative pressure. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of EUS-FNA using stylet slow-pull or suction techniques for malignant solid pancreatic lesions using a standard 22-gauge needle. Patients and methods Consecutive patients presenting for EUS-FNA of pancreatic mass lesions were randomized to the stylet slow-pull or suction techniques using a 22-gauge needle. Both techniques were standardized for each pass until an adequate specimen was obtained, as determined by rapid on-site cytology examination. Patients were crossed over to the alternative technique after four nondiagnostic passes. Results Of 147 patients screened, 121 (mean age 64 ± 13.8 years) met inclusion criteria and were randomized to the stylet slow-pull technique (n = 61) or the suction technique (n = 60). Technical success rates were 96.7 % and 98.3 % in the slow-pull and suction groups, respectively (P > 0.99). The sensitivity for malignancy of EUS-FNA was 82 % in the slow-pull group and 69 % in the suction group (P = 0.10). The first-pass diagnostic rate (42.6 % vs. 38.3 %; P = 0.71), acquisition of core tissue (60.6 % vs. 46.7 %; P = 0.14), and the median (range) number of passes to diagnosis (2 1 2 3 vs. 1 1 2; P = 0.71) were similar in the slow-pull and suction groups, respectively. Conclusions The stylet slow-pull and suction techniques both offered high and comparable diagnostic sensitivity with a mean of 2 passes required for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. The endosonographer may choose either technique during FNA.
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Takasumi, Mika, Takuto Hikichi, Minami Hashimoto, et al. "A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial of Wet Suction and Conventional Techniques of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Upper Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2021 (March 22, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4913107.
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Background and Aim. A wet suction technique (“wet” technique) has been developed to improve the quality of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for sampling various solid lesions. However, no studies have reported on the wet technique for EUS-FNA for gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial lesions (SELs). We conducted a pilot randomized crossover trial to explore whether the wet technique could be useful with regard to tissue adequacy of upper GI-SELs (UGI-SELs) compared to the conventional EUS-FNA technique (“dry” technique). Methods. Twenty-six patients with UGI-SELs indicated for EUS-FNA were randomly assigned to the dry-first arm using the dry technique for the first two passes or the wet-first arm using the wet technique for the first two passes using a cross-over design with a ratio of 1 : 1. The primary endpoint was the cellularity score of the EUS-FNA specimens rated on a 4-point scale (0-3). The secondary endpoints were the factors influencing cellularity in each suction technique. Results. The mean cellularity score was 1.65 ± 1.20 for the wet technique and 2.00 ± 0.98 for the dry technique ( p = 0.068 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher cellularity may be related to the final diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the dry technique and the SEL location in the upper stomach in the wet technique. Conclusion. The wet EUS-FNA technique failed to show a potential for improved cellularity of specimens compared to the dry technique for UGI-SELs.
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Wang, Yun, Rong-hua Wang, Zhen Ding, et al. "Wet- versus dry-suction techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid lesions: a multicenter randomized controlled trial." Endoscopy 52, no. 11 (2020): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1167-2214.
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Abstract Background The optimal sampling techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) remain unclear and have not been standardized. The aim of this study was to compare the wet-suction and dry-suction techniques for sampling solid lesions in the pancreas, mediastinum, and abdomen. Methods This was a multicenter, crossover, randomized controlled trial with randomized order of sampling techniques. The 296 consecutive patients underwent EUS-FNA with 22G needles and were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 into two separate groups that received the dry-suction and wet-suction techniques in a different order. The primary outcome was to compare the histological diagnostic accuracy of dry suction and wet suction for malignancy. The secondary outcomes were to compare the cytological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality. Results Among the 269 patients with pancreatic (n = 161) and non-pancreatic (n = 108) lesions analyzed, the wet-suction technique had a significantly better histological diagnostic accuracy (84.9 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 79.9 % – 89.0 %] vs. 73.2 % [95 %CI 67.1 % – 78.7 %]; P = 0.001), higher specimen adequacy (94.8 % vs. 78.8 %; P < 0.001), and less blood contamination (P < 0.001) than the dry-suction technique. In addition, sampling non-pancreatic lesions with two passes of wet suction provided a histological diagnostic accuracy of 91.6 %. Conclusions The wet-suction technique in EUS-FNA generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality than the dry-suction technique. Furthermore, sampling non-pancreatic lesions with two passes of EUS-FNA with wet suction may provide a definitive histological diagnosis when rapid on-site evaluation is not routinely available.
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Hehn, Sean T., Thomas M. Grogan, and Thomas P. Miller. "Utility of Fine-Needle Aspiration As a Diagnostic Technique in Lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 15 (2004): 3046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.02.104.
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Purpose To evaluate, from a clinician's perspective, the sensitivity and specificity of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as a technique for the diagnosis of lymphoma. Patients and Methods Medical records of 470 new patients seen in one lymphoma specialist's clinic from January 1998 through December 2002 were reviewed. Ninety-nine (21%) of the 470 patients underwent a total of 115 FNA procedures, which were assessed by more than 70 different pathologists in 32 different pathology departments. Subsequent excisional biopsies were performed in 67 of these patients and interpreted by a single hematopathology group without independent review. Results Of 115 FNA procedures, 93 were completed for the initial evaluation of lymphoma and 22 were done for assessment of relapsed disease. Of the 93 FNA attempts at initial diagnosis, only 27 (29%) were given a specific and complete histologic diagnosis using an accepted classification system (Working Formulation, Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms, WHO). For the 22 FNAs done for recurrent disease, only nine (41%) were classified using an accepted system. Sixty-seven (72%) of the 93 FNAs performed for the evaluation of initial disease had subsequent excisional biopsies. Among these paired comparisons, only eight (12%) of 67 FNA diagnoses were correlated with the subsequent excisional biopsy diagnosis. Immunophenotyping was completed on 24 of the 67 paired FNAs. Seven of the 24 FNAs with immunophenotyping (29%) were correlated with subsequent histology on excisional biopsy. Only one (2%) of 43 FNA diagnoses, based on morphology alone, was correlated with subsequent excisional biopsy diagnosis. Conclusion Overall, FNA for lymphoma diagnosis is not helpful, not cost effective, and in addition may misguide treatment.
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Creemers, Koen, Olaf van der Heiden, Jan Los, et al. "Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma." Journal of Oncology 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/785425.
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In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound techniques with Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) have become an increasingly used diagnostic aid in the differentiation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and endoesophageal ultrasound (EUS) are now available for clinicians to reach mediastinal and paramediastinal masses using a minimally invasive approach. These techniques are an established component for diagnosing and staging lung cancer and their benefit in the diagnosis of lymphoma's has been highlighted in a number of case studies. However, the lack of tissue architecture obtained by cytological FNA specimens decreases the diagnostic accuracy for benign causes of thoracic lymphadenopathies, lymphomas, and histopathological subtyping of lung cancer. Accordingly, our study group have adapted the FNA sampling technique, resulting in tissue fragments that can be used for histopathological examinations. As an illustration, we report a case of follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diagnosed on tissue fragments obtained by adjusted EUS FNA. We believe that this relatively simple adjustment to routine FNA sampling can help to overcome the diagnostic limitations inherent in cytology obtained by routine FNA.
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Ford, Lloyd, Barry M. Rasgon, Raymond L. Hilsinger, et al. "Comparison of Thinprep versus Conventional Smear Cytopreparatory Techniques for Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens of Head and Neck Masses." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 5 (2002): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.124704.
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OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic accuracy of the ThinPrep process (Cytyc, Boxborough, MA) was compared with that of conventional (smear) cytopreparation for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of head and neck masses. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study, 209 patients served as their own controls and underwent 236 FNAs using ThinPrep and conventional (smear) cytopreparatory techniques. RESULTS: ThinPrep produced less air-drying artifact and less mechanical distortion than the conventional method. The conventional technique was diagnostic in 63% of samples; the ThinPrep technique was diagnostic in 55% of samples. When all results were combined, pathologists subjectively preferred the conventional technique but accepted use of ThinPrep as the only cytopreparatory technique for most head and neck masses. CONCLUSIONS: For adequately experienced cytopathologists, ThinPrep is acceptable for FNA of salivary masses, neck cysts, metastatic lymph nodes, and thyroid lesions. Conventional smear technique should be used for FNA of nonmetastatic lymphoid lesions. Use of ThinPrep can complement use of the conventional (smear) cytopreparatory technique when aspirate is nondiagnostic or bloody, when the patient has a blood-borne infectious disease, when the clinician is inexperienced, or when aspirate has entered the syringe.
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Attam, Rajeev, Mustafa a. Arain, Stephen J. Bloechl, et al. "97 Wet Suction FNA Technique: a Novel Technique for EUS-FNA. Results of a Prospective, Randomized and Blinded Study." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 79, no. 5 (2014): AB110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.02.033.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "FNA technique"
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Trajanoski, Zlatko. "Techniques for in vivo assessment of glucose and FFA metabolism /." Aachen : Shaker, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015159660&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Abuelyaman, Eltayeb Salih. "Sequential circuits fault simulation using fan out stem based techniques." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184466.
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This dissertation describes a new simulation technique for an automatic test generation system, SCIRTSS version 4.0 (Sequential Circuit Test Sequence System). This test generation system is driven by the hardware compiler AHPL, a Hardware Programming Language, and an intelligent heuristic-based search for test vector generation. Using a fault-injection gate-level simulator and the generated test vector, all the faulty states of the circuit are simulated in parallel and the simulator is thus able to find all detected faults by a particular input sequence. The major objective of this research was to develop a faster replacement for the existing simulation process. The philosophy of divide and conquer is used in the development of the new simulation technique. Sequential networks are divided into combinational sub-networks, and, if necessary, the combinational sub-networks are further reduced into fan-out free regions. Thus, the problem is reduced to a relatively simple combinational one. In addition to the classical faults, the new simulator attempts to detect CMOS stuck-open faults. Several circuits were tested under SCIRTSS 4.0 using both the existing and the new simulation techniques. The results are listed in this paper to verify superiority of the new simulation technique.
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Haas, Andreas. "Production integrity for hydroforming and preceding forming process using FEA techniques." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369651.
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Clark, Craig. "Use of hybrid ventilation techniques for improved energy efficiency of fan systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33962.
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The goal of this thesis was to improve the energy efficiency of building ventilation systems by exploring new methods of applying natural ventilation concepts. Strictly natural systems have limitations in which climates they can function or can provide optimal performance; these limitations lead to the use of mechanical or hybrid ventilation. This study looked at methods of combining the operation of the systems, such that the natural components improve the efficiency of the mechanical system.
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Amichev, Beyhan Y. "Comparison of Techniques for Estimation of Forest Soil Carbon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9915.
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Soil organic carbon represents the largest constituent of the global C pool and carbon budgets are studied by researchers and modelers in C cycling, global climate change, and soil quality studies. Pedon and soil interpretation record databases are used with soil and ecological maps to estimate regional SOC even though these databases are rarely complete for surface litter and mineral subsurface horizons.
The first main objective of the project is to improve the ability to produce soil organic carbon estimates from existing spatial soils datasets, such as STATSGO. All records in the STATSGO Layer table that were incomplete or appeared to be incorrectly filled with a null or zero value were considered invalid. Data sorting procedures and texture lookup tables were used to identify exiting correct (valid) data entries that were used to substitute invalid records. STATSGO soil property data were grouped by soil order, MLRA, layer number, and texture to produce replacement values for all invalid data used to calculate mass SOC. Grouping criteria was specific to each variable and was based on texture designations. The resulting filled and unfilled tables were used with procedures assuming Normal and Lognormal distribution of parameters in order to analyze variation of mass SOC estimates caused by using different computation techniques.
We estimated mass SOC to 2 m in Maine and Minnesota using filled and unfilled STATSGO data tables. Up to 54% of the records in Maine and up to 80% of the records in Minnesota contained null or zero values (mostly in fields related to rock fragments) that were replaced. After filling, the database resulted in 1.5 times higher area-weighted SOC. SOC calculated using the Normal distribution assumption were 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than those using the Lognormal transformation. SOC maps using the filled tables had more logical geographic SOC distribution than those using unfilled tables.
The USDA Forest Service collects and maintains detailed inventory data for the condition and trends of all forested lands in the United States. A wide range of researchers and landowners use the resulting Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database for analytical and decision making tasks. FIA data is available to the public in transformed or aggregate format in order to ensure confidentiality of data suppliers.
The second main objective of this project was to compute SOC (kg m-2) results by FIA forest type and forest type group for three depth categories (25 cm, 1 m, and 2 m) at a regional scale for the 48 contiguous United States. There were four sets of results derived from the filled STATSGO and FIA datasets for each depth class by region: (1) SOC computed by the Lognormal distribution approach for (1a) all soil orders, (1b) without Histosols; and (2) SOC computed by the Normal distribution approach for (2a) all soil orders, (2b) without Histosols.
Two spatial forest cover datasets were relevant to this project, FIA and AVHRR. We investigated the effects of FIA inventory data masking for Maine and Minnesota, such as plot coordinates rounding to the nearest 100 arc-second, and the use of 1 km resolution satellite-derived forest cover classes from AVHRR data, on SOC estimates to 2 m by forest type group. SOC estimates by soil mapping unit were derived from fixed STATSGO database tables and were computed by the Lognormal distribution approach including all soil orders.
The methods in this study can be used for a variety of ecological and resource inventory assessments and the automated procedures can be easily updated and improved for future uses. The procedures in this study point out areas that could benefit the most during future revisions of STATSGO. The resulting SOC maps are dynamic and can be rapidly redrawn using GIS whenever STATSGO spatial or tabular data undergo updating. Use of pedon data to define representative values for all properties in all STATSGO layers and correlation of STATSGO layers to soil horizons will lead to vast improvement of the STATSGO Layer table and promote its use for mass SOC estimation over large regions.<br>Master of Science
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Marinescu, Ruxandra. "Comparison of Image Generation and Processing Techniques for 3D Reconstruction of the Human Skull." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1005934419.
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Mahmud, Jamaluddin. "Development of a novel technique in measuring human skin deformation in vivo to determine its mechanical properties." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54890/.
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Klügl, Martin. "Úsporné ventilátory v technice prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240185.
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This Thesis deals with the fans, their properties and characteristics. The Project part is about design of the HVAC equipment in the centralised and decentralised option for the assigned building. The Project part is focused on the design and evaluation of the fans more specifically. The Experimental part is about measurement of parameters and characteristics of the fans. The results are analyzed and compared. The results are compared with current energy efficiency reguirements for fans.
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Johnson, Aaron Joseph. "Humeral fracture fixation techniques a FEA comparison of locing [i.e. locking] and compression techniques with cadaveric pullout comparison of cortical compression and internal locking screws /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7367.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Riblett, Matthew J. "Motion-Induced Artifact Mitigation and Image Enhancement Strategies for Four-Dimensional Fan-Beam and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5542.
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Four dimensional imaging has become part of the standard of care for diagnosing and treating non-small cell lung cancer. In radiotherapy applications 4D fan-beam computed tomography (4D-CT) and 4D cone-beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) are two advanced imaging modalities that afford clinical practitioners knowledge of the underlying kinematics and structural dynamics of diseased tissues and provide insight into the effects of regular organ motion and the nature of tissue deformation over time. While these imaging techniques can facilitate the use of more targeted radiotherapies, issues surrounding image quality and accuracy currently limit the utility of these images clinically.
The purpose of this project is to develop methods that retrospectively compensate for anatomical motion in 4D-CBCT and correct motion artifacts present in 4D-CT to improve the image quality of reconstructed volume and assist in localizing respiration-influenced, diseased tissue and mobile structures of interest. In the first half of the project, a series of motion compensation (MoCo) workflow methods incorporating groupwise deformable image registration and projection-warped reconstruction were developed for use with 4D-CBCT imaging. In the latter half of the project, novel motion artifact observation and artifact- weighted groupwise registration-based image correction algorithms were designed and tested. Both deliverable components of this project were evaluated for their ability to enhance image quality when applied to clinical patient datasets and demonstrated qualitative and quantitative improvements over current state-of-the-art.
Books on the topic "FNA technique"
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1951-, Sun Jikang, ed. Gong bi xie yi hua fan: Ying. Rong bao zhai chu ban she, 2003.
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P, Young Clarence, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Technique assessment of the National Full Scale Aerodynamic Complex fan blades repair. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.
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Haas, Andreas. Production integrity for hydroforming and preceding forming processes using FEA techniques. University of Wolverhampton, 2001.
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R, Burow Karen, National Water-Quality Assessment Program (U.S.), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques. U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.
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Luciana, Arbace, Chiesa di S. Maria di Constantinopoli (Castelli, Italy), Museo delle ceramiche (Castelli, Italy), Abruzzo (Italy). Assessorato alla cultura., and Istituto statale d'arte "F.A. Grue" (Castelli, Italy), eds. Nella bottega dei Gentili: Spolveri e disegni per le maioliche di Castelli. Edigrafital, 1998.
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Wenzhong, Zheng, ed. Shu ma dan fan she ying cong xin shou dao gao shou: Shi pai jing tong pian. Zhongguo qing nian chu ban she, 2012.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Unstalled flutter stability predictions and comparisions [sic] to test data for a composite prop-fan model. Hamilton Standard Division, United Technologies Corp., 1986.
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Li, Jinlin. Dian shi jie mu zhi zuo ji yi: Techniques of TV program production. Zhongguo guang bo dian shi chu ban she, 2002.
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Dacong, Zhang. Fan yi zhi yuan li yu ji qiao: The principles and techniques of translation / by Ta Tsung Chang. Guo jia chu ban she, 1989.
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Thailand) FNCA Workshop on Plant Mutation Breeding (2001 Bangkok. Proceedings of the FNCA Workshop on Plant Mutation Breeding: Molecular biological techniques : August 20-24, 2001, Bangkok, Thailand. Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "FNA technique"
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Vilmann, P., and G. K. Jacobsen. "EUS-FNA Technique." In Longitudinal Endosonography. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59516-5_17.
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Michael, Claire W. "Liquid-Based Cytology Technique for Thyroid Cytology." In Thyroid FNA Cytology. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1897-9_13.
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Michael, Claire W. "Liquid-Based Cytology Technique for Thyroid Cytology." In Thyroid FNA Cytology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6782-7_65.
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Treadwell, Dara R. "Principles of Ultrasound Technique." In Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNA Biopsy. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3202-3_2.
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Parupudi, Sreeram V. J., and Subbaramiah Sridhar. "Technique of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)." In Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Gastroenterology. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-044-7_16.
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Sridhar, Subbaramiah, and Pornchai Leelasinjaroen. "Technique of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)." In Clinical Gastroenterology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62993-3_37.
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Wu, Hongxun. "Techniques of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration." In Thyroid FNA Cytology. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1897-9_64.
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Bapaye, Amol, and Advay Aher. "Techniques of EUS-FNA." In Practical Handbook of Endoscopic Ultrasonography. Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54014-4_13.
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Higuchi, Miyoko, Ayana Suzuki, and Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa. "Aspiration Methods and Optimal Smear Preparation Techniques." In Thyroid FNA Cytology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6782-7_62.
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Skoog, Lambert, and Edneia Tani. "Techniques." In FNA Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma. KARGER, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000188790.
Full textConference papers on the topic "FNA technique"
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Yu, Fengrui, Lin Ma, Junjie Xiong, Linbin Bai, Mingjing Xu, and Zuyuan He. "Low-loss Fan-in/Fan-out Device for Coupled four-core Fiber Using a Femtosecond Laser Direct Inscription Technique." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2025.m4j.5.
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We demonstrate low-loss fan-in/fan-out device for 19 μm-core-pitch coupled four-core fiber using a femtosecond laser direct inscription technique, achieving an average insertion loss of 0.49 dB before packaging and 0.92 dB after packaging.
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Teixeira, Marina Diogenes, Maria Isabela Bloise Alves Caldas Sawada, Anna Lya Menezes Martins, Andre Mattar, and Luiz Henrique Gebrim. "ANALYSIS OF MALIGNITY RATES OF PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY IN LYMPH NODES OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1002.
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Introduction: The evaluation of regional lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer is one of the main predictive and prognostic factors for treatment. The methods of percutaneous evaluation of suspicious lymph nodes frequently used are fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core-needle biopsy (CNB). According to the international literature, CNB and FNA are considered diagnostic methods with high specificity (98% vs. 99%). H, the FNA may present up to 21% of inconclusive results by insufficient material. Although CNB is well established as a percutaneous method for diagnostic evaluation of suspected breast lesions, the literature is scarce on the use of this technique for the evaluation of suspicious lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Objectives: Analyze the positivity of FNA and CNB performed in suspicious lymph nodes for breast cancer metastasis according to the anatomical location of biopsies and the type of needle used, verifying which technique was preferred. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by evaluating the database of patients treated in the non-palpable lesions sector of a public hospital in São Paulo. Women submitted to ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of lymph nodes from May 2015 to November 2019 were included in the study. The data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 27 and Microsoft EXCEL version 2010. Results: A total of 499 biopsies were performed, and the mean age of the women was 54.2 years (SD±11.9) in the CNB group and 53.4 years (SD±11.8) in the FNA group (p=0.619). According to the anatomical location, 385 were axillary (77.2%), 62 supraclavicular (12.4%), 48 cervical (9.6%) and 4 infraclavicular (0.8%). Regarding the type of needle, 393 were CNBs (78.8%) and 106 were FNA (21.2%). When analyzing the results of the FNA, 38 (35.8%) did not present enough material, 31 (29.2%) were positive, 32 (30.2%) were negative and 5 (4.8%) showed atypical cells. Among the 393 CNBs performed, 255 (64.9%) were positive, 132 (33.6%) were negative, 1 (0.3%) showed atypical cells and 5 (1.3%) had no representative material. No complications were reported after the procedures. Conclusions: CNB was the preferred diagnostic technique in our service, being considered a feasible procedure to evaluate lymph nodes in different sites and with low rates of inconclusive results due to insufficient material. In the future, studies evaluating indirect costs may confirm the feasibility of CNB in patients with suspicious lymph nodes in terms of obtaining greater agility and resolutive conducts in the public healthcare system.
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Ravi, K., K. Ogawa, O. Lame, and J. Y. Cavaillé. "Experimental Analysis of Impact Behavior of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene-Nano Ceramics Composite Particles by Isolated Particle Deposition Method Using Downstream Injection Cold Spray Technique." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, et al. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0051.
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Abstract Recent advances has made possible to obtain Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) coatings by cold spray technique with nano-ceramic additives with the feedstock. However, the exact role of nano particles is largely not understood. In this work, isolated depositions of UHMWPE particles with 0%, 2%, 4%, 10% of fumed nano alumina (FNA) on Al surface were performed at different gas/particle temperatures. Particle velocities and particle temperatures were controlled by varying the carrier gas pressure and temperature. The impact behavior of UHMWPE was analyzed using SEM, FIB and high-speed camera. Increase in gas temperature and percentage of FNA showed a significant variation in the deposition volume. FIB analysis showed that successful depositions were influenced by degree of deformation of particle. Further, addition of FNA helped in deposition of particles that have required a lesser degree of deformation. Finally, high speed camera showed that particles are moving at an incidence velocity of 180-200m/s and rebound velocity of 40-50m/s. This suggests that particles lose a significant amount of their kinetic energy during the impact.
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Teixeira, Marina Diogenes, Andre Mattar, Andressa Gonçalves Amorim, et al. "Analysis of malignity rates of percutaneous biopsy in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2024. Mastology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942024v34s1062.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the inconclusive rates of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CORE) performed in suspicious lymph nodes for breast cancer metastasis according to the anatomical location of biopsies and the type of needle used, verifying which technique was preferred. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted by evaluating the database of patients treated in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Women submitted to ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of lymph nodes from May 2015 to November 2019 were included in the study. The data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 27 and Microsoft EXCEL version 2010. Results: A total of 499 biopsies were performed, and the mean age of the women was 54.2 years (SD±11.9) in the CORE group and 53.4 years (SD±11.8) in the FNA group (p=0.619). According to the anatomical location, 385 were axillary (77.2%), 62 were supraclavicular (12.4%), 48 were cervical (9.6%), and 4 were infraclavicular (0.8%). Regarding the type of needle, 393 were CORE (78.8%) and 106 were FNA (21.2%). When analyzing the results of the FNA, 38 (35.8%) did not present enough material, 31 (29.2%) were positive, 32 (30.2%) were negative, and 5 (4.8%) showed atypical cells. Among the 393 CORE performed, 255 (64.9%) were positive, 132 (33.6%) were negative, 1 (0.3%) showed atypical cells, and 5 (1.3%) had no representative material. No complications were reported after the procedures. Conclusion: CORE was the preferred diagnostic technique in our center, being considered a feasible procedure to evaluate lymph nodes in different sites and with low rates of inconclusive results by insufficient material. In the future, studies evaluating indirect costs may confirm the feasibility of CORE in patients with suspicious lymph nodes in terms of obtaining greater agility and resolutive conduct in the public healthcare system.
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Wu, Linchun, and George H. Miley. "IEC-Based Neutron Generator for Security Inspection System." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22696.
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Large nuclear reactors are widely employed for electricity power generation, but small nuclear radiation sources can also be used for a variety of industrial/government applications. In this paper we will discuss the use of a small neutron source based on Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) of accelerated deuterium ions. There is an urgent need of highly effective detection systems for explosives, especially in airports. While current airport inspection systems are strongly based on X-ray technique, neutron activation including Thermal Neutron Analysis (TNA) and Fast Neutron Analysis (FNA) is powerful in detecting certain types of explosives in luggage and in cargoes. Basic elements present in the explosives can be measured through the (n, n’γ) reaction initiated by fast neutrons. Combined with a time-of-flight technique, a complete imaging of key elements, hence of the explosive materials, is obtained. Among the various neutron source generators, the IEC is an ideal candidate to meet the neutron activation analysis requirements. Compared with other accelerators and radioisotopes such as 252Cf, the IEC is simpler, can be switched on or off, and can reliably produce neutrons with minimum maintenance. Theoretical and experimental studies of a spherical IEC have been conducted at the University of Illinois. In a spherical IEC device, 2.54-MeV neutrons of ∼108 n/s via DD reactions over recent years or 14-MeV neutrons of ∼2×1010 n/s via DT reactions can be obtained using an ion gun injection technique. The possibility of the cylindrical IEC in pulsed operation mode combining with pulsed FNA method would also be discussed. In this paper we examine the possibility of using an alternative cylindrical IEC configuration. Such a device was studied earlier at the University of Illinois and it provides a very convenient geometry for security inspection. However, to calculate the neutron yield precisely with this configuration, an understanding of the potential wall trapping and acceleration of ions is needed. The theory engaged is an extension of original analytic study by R.L. Hirsh on the potential well structure in a spherical IEC device, i.e. roughly a “line” source of neutrons from a cylindrical IEC is a “point” source from the spherical geometry. Thus our present study focuses on the cylindrical IEC for its convenient application in an FNA detecting system. The conceptual design and physics of ion trapping and re-circulation in a cylindrical IEC intended for neutron-based inspection system will be presented.
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Ramanadham, Koti Satish, Lakshman Kasina, Kondaiah Bommisetty, and Kotur Srinivasan Raghavan. "A Study of Multiple Techniques to Simulate Blade Out Event." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4735.
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Successful demonstration of safety of aircraft engines during extreme events such as Foreign Object Damage and Containment are mandatory for FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) certification. According to FAA every engine has to undergo fan blade out tests and engine has to contain this event without leading to major hazard to aircraft and loss of life. The fan blade out containment test involves the intentional release of a fan blade when the engine is running at full power. The released blade must not pierce or fracture the engine cases during the impact and which in turn can cause damage to the aircraft. The current trend in the industry is to minimize tests through analytical simulations and demonstrate compliance to regulations and flight-safety requirements. Accurate simulations of such events save significant effort, time and cost. This paper presents the various simulation techniques to demonstrate fan case containment when subjected to fan blade out event. The modeling is carried out with simplifications and assumptions to minimize problem size and maximizing the accuracy in simulation. Various simulation techniques analyzed in this study are used to assess the modeling approach and parameters influence on the event simulation. The effect of rotor imbalance on blade failure and blade kinetic energy are also studied in this paper. LS-DYNA has the capability to perform implicit and explicit methods which is used to analyze the blade out event in this study.
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Amir, Yosef, S. Govindarajan, and Saravanakumar Iyyanar. "Bolted Joints Modeling Techniques, Analytical, Stochastic and FEA Comparison." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85055.
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Bolted joints Design analyses are in general, very complex and it is very difficult to find a single technique to study the complete behavior of the bolted joints. The most popular analytical method is the well-known VDI 2230 which addresses most of the cases very well. This analytical method uses extreme values for critical parameter variations and is considered to be conservative, but the quickest method. Stochastic analysis is a more advanced method where variations in critical parameters are modeled as statistical distributions and Monte Carlo simulations allow predicting the behaviors of bolted joints through selective parameter variations. Finite element analysis of bolted joints is another methodology to analyze complex bolted joint designs. Though advances in FE modeling techniques help to model bolted joints more accurately, different failure modes require different modeling techniques. For practical complex bolted joints design analysis, a hybrid of analytical and different FEA models is needed for a full analysis; but a combination of FEA techniques can be used to study any bolted joint in detail for all the failure modes. Hence, it is important to study and understand the limitations of each of the modeling techniques. This paper looks at analytical and stochastic methods of bolted joints as well as three different FEA methods — 3D, Axisymmetric and Beam & Rigid Spider — to study different failure modes. Parametric (DOE) FEA simulation technique for variation parameters bolted joint behavior prediction was investigated; this paper examined the DOE parameter of coefficient of friction. A general case study is used as benchmark for comparison between the techniques and to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Ng, H. W., J. S. T. Cheung, L. S. Ong, and A. S. Tooth. "Experiments and FEA on Horizontal Pressure Vessels Under Thermal Expansion." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-106.
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This paper reports on the numerical and experimental research on saddle mounted horizontal pressure vessels subjected to heating by its hot liquid contents. The overall purpose of the research is to obtain design formulae relating design variables of horizontal pressure vessels mounted on fixed non-sliding saddle supports. Two experimental techniques were utilised to obtain stresses and strains for the situation of the saddle supports being rigidly fixed to ground. The first technique involves room temperature testing whereby one saddle base is displaced by the expected thermal expansion displacement (i.e. isothermal push-pull). The other technique utilised direct thermal heating by introducing hot liquid into the vessel, a more complicated yet more realistic test. These two techniques are not equivalent because in the hot test, the vessel will expand both axially and radially, whereas the radial expansion will be absent in the isothermal push-pull test. Experimental tests were conducted for the above two loadings techniques on two model vessels with different saddle designs. The resulting strains measured at the maximum stress locations showed that they can be reliably predicted when push-pull tests are carried out. Additionally, FE analyses were conducted for the two techniques for comparison. The experimental results are discussed with the FE predicted values, with particular reference to their agreement with push-pull tests and the hot liquid tests.
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Marjani, Mehrsa, Moustafa El-Gindy, David Philipps, Fredrik Öijer, and Inge Johansson. "FEA Tire Modeling and Validation Techniques." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46514.
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Recent advances in power and efficiency of computerized modeling methods has made it easier to develop accurate tire models. These newer models are now created with such accuracy that it has become easy to predict the experimental tire’s behavior and characteristics. These models are helpful with determining tire, tire-road, and tire-soil interaction properties. By creating virtual models, the overall capital for research and development can be reduced as well as replacing unavailable experimental tires for research. This research paper mainly focuses on the validation of computer generated FEA tire models which are then used for the prediction of the experimental tire’s rolling resistance, static and dynamic characteristics. Experimental data, such as rolling resistance and vertical acceleration are used in validation simulations in order to tune the virtual model to match the experimental tire’s behavior. The tire that was used for this research is a six-groove 445/50R22.5 FEA truck tire, which was constructed and validated over the course of this research.
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Martone, M., M. Angelone, and Mario Pillon. "Frascati neutron generator (FNG)." In 4th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques: Neutrons and their Applications, edited by George Vourvopoulos and Themis Paradellis. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.204156.
Full textReports on the topic "FNA technique"
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Collins, David, and Aparna Huzurbazar. Reliability Prediction using FMEA, FTA, and Related Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1813832.
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Stanton, Sharon M., and Glenn A. Christensen. Pushing boundaries: new directions in inventory techniques and applications: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-931.
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Pritchard, Alex, Peter Martin, Mark McCourt, and Mark Kearns. Design Optimization of Rotationally Molded Hydrogen Pressure Vessels. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.ms.3.
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Type IV hydrogen pressure vessels are made up of three components: a metallic boss, a polymer liner, and a composite overwrapping layer for reinforcement. Leakproof design of bosses is critical for safety, ensuring a gas-tight seal to prevent explosions due to leaks. Yet, their design has been largely overlooked. Using rotational molding it is possible to fully encap sulate bosses within liners during molding, but numerous challenges must be overcome relat ing to boss design for effective molding. FEA software was applied to virtually prototype boss designs and optimize their mechanical performance under pressure. CAD and FEA software were integrated in this work, enabling basic geometry constraints to be input in CAD, which were then fine-tuned in FEA in response to stress distribution results. This allowed the FEA model to optimize boss designs autonomously. To ensure moldability, initial boss designs were generated using existing rotational molding experience regarding the encapsulation of small inserts during molding. The autonomous optimization technique was then applied to minimize the boss weight by controlling the size of design features, while ensuring mechanical perfor mance constraints were met.
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Weller, Joshua, Gulbanu Kaptan, Rajinder Bhandal, and Darren Battachery. Kitchen Life 2. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wom249.
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The aim of the Kitchen Life 2 project is to identify the key behaviours relating to food safety that occur in domestic and business kitchens, as well as the factors that may reduce the likelihood to enact recommended food safety and hygiene behaviours. The outcomes will inform risk assessment and development of hypotheses for behavioural interventions. The goal of this literature review was to ensure that the research design and fieldwork techniques identify existing key behaviours, actors, triggers and barriers in domestic and business kitchens to develop successful behavioural interventions and risk assessment models. Additionally, we have included the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic and national lockdowns on food safety practices in domestic and business kitchens. This addition is important because FSA policy response to the pandemic should address the needs of both consumers and food businesses due to reduced ability to deliver inspection and enforcement activities, business diversification (for example, shifting to online delivery and takeaway), increasing food insecurity, and change in food consumption behaviours (for example, cooking from scratch) (FSA, 2020).
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Shen, Gianetto, and Tyson. L52342 Development of Procedure for Low-Constraint Toughness Testing Using a Single-Specimen Technique. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010687.
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Pipelines from remote frontier regions are increasingly required to have adequate resistance to large deformations such as that caused by ground movement. In response to this, �strain-based design"� has been developed to enable assessment of imperfections at applied strains beyond yield. In addition, it is proposed to take advantage of the increased apparent toughness of pipe under low constraint, such as girth weld imperfections under axial tension, compared with the high-constraint toughness measured in conventional tests such as ASTM E1290 [1]. Application of low-constraint testing has been dvantageously applied in assessment of toughness for offshore pipeline projects. Also in the pipeline industry, demands on new pipeline projects include low design temperatures as well as high strain capacity. At the same time, increased strength is specified, which increases the level of required toughness. These factors make it increasingly important to assure weldment toughness, in particular to ensure that the failure mode remains ductile. It is well known that brittle cleavage is especially sensitive to constraint, and the availability of a toughness test that would reproduce field conditions would enable more rational development and acceptance of candidate welds and, in particular, enable more appropriate testing of weld heat-affected zones. This work was performed for specific application to surface circumferential cracks in pipe under strain-based design, for which the best constraint matching has been found to occur for clamped single-edge tension (SE(T)) specimens with H/W=10. For this geometry, a test procedure similar to that of ASTM E1820-06 for single-edge bend (SE(B)) and compact tension (C(T)) specimens was developed for J-resistance tests using a single-specimen technique. All the equations used in the procedure, including those for evaluation of J-integrals from the area under load/plastic crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) curves, and evaluation of crack length from unloading compliance including rotation correction, were developed using finite element analysis (FEA) with a range of crack depths, focusing on a/W= 0.2 to 0.5 which is of most practical interest. The present procedure is compared with that of E1820 for SE(B) testing regarding evaluation of J-integral with crack growth correction, crack length evaluation, and correction of compliance for rotation.
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Nabinger, Steven J. Impacts of Airtightening Retrofits on Ventilation Rates and Energy Consumption in a Manufactured Home. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010. https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1673.
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A retrofit study was conducted in a manufactured house to investigate the impacts of airtightening on ventilation rates and energy consumption. This paper describes the retrofits and the results of the pre- and post-retrofit assessment of building airtightness, ventilation, and energy use. Building envelope and air distribution systems airtightness were measured using fan pressurization. Air change rates were measured continuously using the tracer gas decay technique. Energy consumption associated with heating and cooling was monitored through measurement of gas consumption by the forced-air furnace for heating and electricity use by the air-conditioning system for cooling. The results of the study show that the retrofits reduced building envelope leakage by about 18 % and duct leakage by about 80 %. The reduction in the house infiltration rates depended on weather conditions and the manner in which the heating and cooling system was controlled, but in general these rates were reduced by about one third. The energy consumption of the house for heating and cooling were reduced by only about 10 %, which is relative small but not totally unexpected given that infiltration only accounts for a portion of the heating and cooling load. An existing multizone airflow model of the building was modified to reflect the airtightening retrofits, and the predicted infiltration rates agreed well with the measured values over a range of weather and system operation conditions
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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch, and Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato: Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.
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The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.
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Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.
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As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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Burns, Malcom, and Gavin Nixon. Literature review on analytical methods for the detection of precision bred products. Food Standards Agency, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ney927.
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The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act (England) aims to develop a science-based process for the regulation and authorisation of precision bred organisms (PBOs). PBOs are created by genetic technologies but exhibit changes which could have occurred through traditional processes. This current review, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), aims to clarify existing terminologies, explore viable methods for the detection, identification, and quantification of products of precision breeding techniques, address and identify potential solutions to the analytical challenges presented, and provide recommendations for working towards an infrastructure to support detection of precision bred products in the future. The review includes a summary of the terminology in relation to analytical approaches for detection of precision bred products. A harmonised set of terminology contributes towards promoting further understanding of the common terms used in genome editing. A review of the current state of the art of potential methods for the detection, identification and quantification of precision bred products in the UK, has been provided. Parallels are drawn with the evolution of synergistic analytical approaches for the detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), where molecular biology techniques are used to detect DNA sequence changes in an organism’s genome. The scope and limitations of targeted and untargeted methods are summarised. Current scientific opinion supports that modern molecular biology techniques (i.e., quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)) have the technical capability to detect small alterations in an organism’s genome, given specific prerequisites of a priori information on the DNA sequence of interest and of the associated flanking regions. These techniques also provide the best infra-structure for developing potential approaches for detection of PBOs. Should sufficient information be known regarding a sequence alteration and confidence can be attributed to this being specific to a PBO line, then detection, identification and quantification can potentially be achieved. Genome editing and new mutagenesis techniques are umbrella terms, incorporating a plethora of approaches with diverse modes of action and resultant mutational changes. Generalisations regarding techniques and methods for detection for all PBO products are not appropriate, and each genome edited product may have to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The application of modern molecular biology techniques, in isolation and by targeting just a single alteration, are unlikely to provide unequivocal evidence to the source of that variation, be that as a result of precision breeding or as a result of traditional processes. In specific instances, detection and identification may be technically possible, if enough additional information is available in order to prove that a DNA sequence or sequences are unique to a specific genome edited line (e.g., following certain types of Site-Directed Nucelase-3 (SDN-3) based approaches). The scope, gaps, and limitations associated with traceability of PBO products were examined, to identify current and future challenges. Alongside these, recommendations were made to provide the infrastructure for working towards a toolkit for the design, development and implementation of analytical methods for detection of PBO products. Recognition is given that fully effective methods for PBO detection have yet to be realised, so these recommendations have been made as a tool for progressing the current state-of-the-art for research into such methods. Recommendations for the following five main challenges were identified. Firstly, PBOs submitted for authorisation should be assessed on a case-by-case basis in terms of the extent, type and number of genetic changes, to make an informed decision on the likelihood of a molecular biology method being developed for unequivocal identification of that specific PBO. The second recommendation is that a specialist review be conducted, potentially informed by UK and EU governmental departments, to monitor those PBOs destined for the authorisation process, and actively assess the extent of the genetic variability and mutations, to make an informed decision on the type and complexity of detection methods that need to be developed. This could be further informed as part of the authorisation process and augmented via a publicly available register or database. Thirdly, further specialist research and development, allied with laboratory-based evidence, is required to evaluate the potential of using a weight of evidence approach for the design and development of detection methods for PBOs. This concept centres on using other indicators, aside from the single mutation of interest, to increase the likelihood of providing a unique signature or footprint. This includes consideration of the genetic background, flanking regions, off-target mutations, potential CRISPR/Cas activity, feasibility of heritable epigenetic and epitranscriptomic changes, as well as supplementary material from supplier, origin, pedigree and other documentation. Fourthly, additional work is recommended, evaluating the extent/type/nature of the genetic changes, and assessing the feasibility of applying threshold limits associated with these genetic changes to make any distinction on how they may have occurred. Such a probabilistic approach, supported with bioinformatics, to determine the likelihood of particular changes occurring through genome editing or traditional processes, could facilitate rapid classification and pragmatic labelling of products and organisms containing specific mutations more readily. Finally, several scientific publications on detection of genome edited products have been based on theoretical principles. It is recommended to further qualify these using evidenced based practical experimental work in the laboratory environment. Additional challenges and recommendations regarding the design, development and implementation of potential detection methods were also identified. Modern molecular biology-based techniques, inclusive of qPCR, dPCR, and NGS, in combination with appropriate bioinformatics pipelines, continue to offer the best analytical potential for developing methods for detecting PBOs. dPCR and NGS may offer the best technical potential, but qPCR remains the most practicable option as it is embedded in most analytical laboratories. Traditional screening approaches, similar to those for conventional transgenic GMOs, cannot easily be used for PBOs due to the deficit in common control elements incorporated into the host genome. However, some limited screening may be appropriate for PBOs as part of a triage system, should a priori information be known regarding the sequences of interest. The current deficit of suitable methods to detect and identify PBOs precludes accurate PBO quantification. Development of suitable reference materials to aid in the traceability of PBOs remains an issue, particularly for those PBOs which house on- and off-target mutations which can segregate. Off-target mutations may provide an additional tool to augment methods for detection, but unless these exhibit complete genetic linkage to the sequence of interest, these can also segregate out in resulting generations. Further research should be conducted regarding the likelihood of multiple mutations segregating out in a PBO, to help inform the development of appropriate PBO reference materials, as well as the potential of using off-target mutations as an additional tool for PBO traceability. Whilst recognising the technical challenges of developing and maintaining pan-genomic databases, this report recommends that the UK continues to consider development of such a resource, either as a UK centric version, or ideally through engagement in parallel EU and international activities to better achieve harmonisation and shared responsibilities. Such databases would be an invaluable resource in the design of reliable detection methods, as well as for confirming that a mutation is as a result of genome editing. PBOs and their products show great potential within the agri-food sector, necessitating a science-based analytical framework to support UK legislation, business and consumers. Differentiating between PBOs generated through genome editing compared to organisms which exhibit the same mutational change through traditional processes remains analytically challenging, but a broad set of diagnostic technologies (e.g., qPCR, NGS, dPCR) coupled with pan-genomic databases and bioinformatics approaches may help contribute to filling this analytical gap, and support the safety, transparency, proportionality, traceability and consumer confidence associated with the UK food chain.
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Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.
Full textAbstract:
The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.